WO2005015149A1 - 検出装置、光路長測定装置、測定用器具、光学部材評価方法、温度変化検出方法 - Google Patents
検出装置、光路長測定装置、測定用器具、光学部材評価方法、温度変化検出方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005015149A1 WO2005015149A1 PCT/JP2004/011367 JP2004011367W WO2005015149A1 WO 2005015149 A1 WO2005015149 A1 WO 2005015149A1 JP 2004011367 W JP2004011367 W JP 2004011367W WO 2005015149 A1 WO2005015149 A1 WO 2005015149A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M11/00—Testing of optical apparatus; Testing structures by optical methods not otherwise provided for
- G01M11/30—Testing of optical devices, constituted by fibre optics or optical waveguides
- G01M11/33—Testing of optical devices, constituted by fibre optics or optical waveguides with a light emitter being disposed at one fibre or waveguide end-face, and a light receiver at the other end-face
- G01M11/338—Testing of optical devices, constituted by fibre optics or optical waveguides with a light emitter being disposed at one fibre or waveguide end-face, and a light receiver at the other end-face by measuring dispersion other than PMD, e.g. chromatic dispersion
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M11/00—Testing of optical apparatus; Testing structures by optical methods not otherwise provided for
- G01M11/30—Testing of optical devices, constituted by fibre optics or optical waveguides
- G01M11/33—Testing of optical devices, constituted by fibre optics or optical waveguides with a light emitter being disposed at one fibre or waveguide end-face, and a light receiver at the other end-face
- G01M11/331—Testing of optical devices, constituted by fibre optics or optical waveguides with a light emitter being disposed at one fibre or waveguide end-face, and a light receiver at the other end-face by using interferometer
Definitions
- Detection device optical path length measurement device, measuring instrument, optical member evaluation method, temperature change detection method
- the present invention relates to a detection device, an optical member evaluation method, and a temperature change detection method that are suitable for performing evaluation of an optical element or an optical member, detection of a chemical reaction, a biological reaction, and heat generation due to heat exchange, and the like. Method etc.
- optical members such as optical fibers and various devices, photonic crystals, and the like used in optical fiber communication, which have become widespread in recent years, are evaluated and inspected. To do so, the wavelength dispersion in the optical member is measured.
- Non-Patent Document 2 As another method of evaluating chromatic dispersion, a method of measuring an interference waveform on a spectrum axis using a spectrum interferometer has been implemented (see Non-Patent Document 2).
- the light emitted from the interferometer is spectrally resolved through a diffraction grating or spectrometer, interference fringes are measured as a function of wavelength or frequency, and chromatic dispersion is determined based on the wavelength (or frequency) dependence of the spectral phase.
- thermocouple that directly detects a temperature change
- a type that detects a change in refractive index due to a temperature change.
- Non-Patent Document 3 a method using a thermal lens effect. In this method, monitor light is condensed and incident on a sample, and a change in the degree of condensing due to a change in temperature is detected as a change in intensity.
- Non-Patent Document 1 Kazunori Naganuma, laser research, 23 Certificates, No. 11, 1995, Institute of lasers one Society, 55 - 66 pages
- Non-Special Noon Document 2 A.P.Kovacs et al. Uroup-delay measurement on laser mirrors by spectrally resolved white-light interferometry "Optics Letters April 1995 Vol.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent No. 3278129
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-248276
- a time axis interferometer In the chromatic dispersion evaluation device using the optical delay stage, it is necessary to drive an optical delay stage to measure interference fringes. When the variance is large, it is necessary to drive the delay stage in a wide time domain, and it takes a long time to sweep, so that high-speed measurement is difficult. In addition, it is necessary to obtain the phase by performing Fourier transform on the interference waveform on the time axis, and it takes time to analyze the data. The fact that high-speed measurement is difficult is the same for spectrum interferometers.
- the chromatic dispersion measurement method that uses phase-modulated light and directly measures it with an electronic measuring instrument, and the method that uses a mode-locked light source, evaluate the chromatic dispersion of a long-distance optical fiber having a length of lkm or more. Is possible, but it is not suitable for measuring the chromatic dispersion of optical elements less than lcm in length with high accuracy.
- the present invention has been made based on such technical problems, and it is possible to quickly evaluate optical characteristics such as chromatic dispersion and optical path length, an optical path length measuring apparatus, and an optical member evaluation.
- the purpose is to provide methods and the like.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a detection device and a temperature change detection method that can evaluate a chemical reaction and a biological reaction and a thermal effect with high accuracy. Means for solving the problem
- the present invention basically, in order to obtain chromatic dispersion from the wavelength (or frequency) dependency of the phase, direct measurement of the phase requires interference that generates a beat. Build a meter. In addition, to monitor the phase change at high speed, it is necessary to remove the phase fluctuation and improve the phase detection accuracy. Therefore, using a two-wavelength light source, a beat signal generated at one wavelength can be used as a reference signal for phase reference, and a beat signal generated at the other wavelength can be used as a measurement signal for phase measurement. In this case, after passing through the interferometer, the reference light and the measurement light are separated by a difference in wavelength, and the chromatic dispersion is obtained as a relative phase change of the probe light with respect to the reference light.
- the detection device of the present invention made from such a viewpoint emits measurement light having a first wavelength and reference light having a second wavelength different from the first wavelength from a light source. Then, the measuring light and the reference light are branched into a first measuring light and a second measuring light, a first reference light and a second reference light by a frequency shifter driven by the AC electric signal source, The frequency of the first measurement light and the first reference light or the frequency of the second measurement light and the second reference light is shifted. Further, after irradiating the object to be measured with the first measurement light and the first reference light in the irradiation unit, the first measurement light and the first reference light are applied to the object to be measured in the superimposition unit.
- the frequency shift amount is an integer multiple of zero of an AC electric signal from a frequency shifter and a driving AC electric signal source. Using primary light, its integer value is 1. The frequency shift amount is equal to the frequency of the beat generated in each of the measurement light and the reference light.
- the phase of the beat of the measurement light includes a phase shift caused by irradiating the measured object.
- the generated beam is also in the RF band.
- a beat has a significantly lower frequency than the original measurement light and reference light, and can be detected using an electronic measuring instrument such as a lock-in amplifier.
- the frequency of the AC electric signal is selected so as to increase the efficiency of generating the second light.
- Acousto-optic crystal In the frequency shifter using it is usually in the range of about 10 to 200 MHz.
- the distribution ratio control unit adjusts the power of the AC electric signal applied to the frequency shifter, and shifts the frequency with the frequency shifter, thereby distributing the first measurement light and the first reference light, and the second measurement light. Controlling the distribution ratio between the light and the second reference light is effective in preventing a decrease in the intensity of a beat signal due to light loss due to the device under test and avoiding an increase in noise.
- the apparatus may further include a chromatic dispersion measuring unit that measures chromatic dispersion of the device under test based on the phase of the beat detected by the phase detecting unit.
- a chromatic dispersion measuring unit may be integrated with the detecting device.
- the chromatic dispersion measuring unit may be separate from the detecting device. In this way, by detecting the phase of the measurement light beam as a function of the frequency or wavelength of the measurement light by the phase detection unit, it is possible to obtain chromatic dispersion due to the measured object.
- relative detection is performed based on the beat of the reference light generated by the superimposition of the first reference light and the second reference light, eliminating phase fluctuations due to external vibration and the like. can do.
- a change in the temperature of the device under test can be detected based on a change in the phase of the beat detected by the phase detector.
- the part for detecting a change in the temperature of the device under test based on the change in the phase of the beat may be integrated with the detection device.
- this part is configured by a PC or the like, it is separate from the detection device. It can also be a body.
- the light source emits the measurement light having the first wavelength and the reference light having the second wavelength different from the first wavelength
- the light source emits light of two wavelengths from one light source.
- a so-called two-wavelength light source can be used, and a light source that emits measurement light and a light source that emits reference light can be provided separately.
- the phase detector includes a first photodetector that converts a change in the light intensity of the measurement light into a change in an electric signal, and a second photodetector that converts a change in the light intensity of the reference light into a change in the electric signal.
- a configuration that includes a photodetector and a lock-in amplifier that detects the relative variation in the phase of the electric signal output from the first photodetector based on the electric signal output from the second photodetector. It can. Note that the absolute value of the amplitude of the electric signal output from the first photodetector can also be detected by the lock-in amplifier. From this absolute value, the transmission or reflection spectrum of the object can be measured.
- the phase detection In the section it is necessary to split the measurement light and the reference light according to the wavelength. Therefore, the beat generated by the superposition of the first measurement light and the second measurement light and the beat generated by the superposition of the first reference light and the second reference light are referred to as the measurement light and the reference light. It is preferable to provide a wavelength selector for separating the light based on the difference in the wavelength of the light, before the phase detector.
- a wavelength selector As such a wavelength selector, the following can be considered. First, it is possible to use a wavelength selection unit having a first filter that transmits light having a first wavelength and a second finoleta that transmits light having a second wavelength. Thereby, the measurement light of the first wavelength and the reference light of the second wavelength can be branched. Also, by using a wavelength selector having a filter that transmits light having the first wavelength and reflects light having the second wavelength, it is also possible to refer to the measurement light of the first wavelength and the second wavelength. Light can be split. Such a configuration can be realized by connecting the components with an optical fiber.
- the wavelength selection unit is a free space system using an optical element, the first measurement light and the first reference light superimposed by the superimposition unit, the second measurement light and the second measurement light
- a wavelength selector having a diffraction grating for diffracting the reference light at a predetermined angle according to the wavelength.
- a first lens that superimposes the first measurement light and the second measurement light diffracted by the diffraction grating and a superimposed light of the first reference light and the second reference light into a parallel beam
- a first optical element for extracting superimposed light of the first reference light and the second reference light having passed through the first lens
- a first optical element provided in parallel with the first lens and having passed through the first lens.
- a second lens for refracting the superimposed light of the first measurement light and the second measurement light, and a superimposed light of the first measurement light and the second measurement light refracted by the second lens By further providing a second diffraction grating that diffracts light at an angle, and a second optical element that extracts a superimposed light of the first measurement light and the second measurement light diffracted by the second diffraction grating, wavelength selection It is also possible to configure a part.
- the wavelength selection unit having such a configuration, when the wavelength of the measurement light is made variable, even if the diffraction angle of the diffraction grating changes as the wavelength of the measurement light changes, the second diffraction The emission angle and the emission position from the grating can be kept constant, and the measuring light S can be easily extracted.
- the phase detection unit converts the energy of the superimposed light of the first measurement light and the second measurement light into an electric signal and outputs the electric signal, and the first reference light and the second reference light.
- a second photoelectric element that converts light energy into an electrical signal and outputs the electrical signal.
- the phase is determined based on the electrical signal output from the first photoelectric element and the electrical signal output from the second photoelectric element.
- a photodiode can be used as the first photoelectric element and the second photoelectric element. If the photodiode constituting at least the second photoelectric element is of an AC-compatible type, the DC component on the reference light side can be removed, and measurement can be performed with high accuracy as the reference light.
- the device under test reflects only light in a specific wavelength range, and the wavelength of the first measurement light is within the wavelength range and the wavelength of the first reference light is set outside the wavelength range.
- the measurement cannot be performed because the first reference light is not reflected by the object to be measured. Therefore, the irradiating section is provided with a reflector that reflects the first reference light at a stage before or after the object to be measured in a direction in which the object to be measured is irradiated with the first measurement light and the first reference light.
- a reflection object includes the wavelength of the first reference light and reflects only light in a wavelength region different from that of the object to be measured.
- the optical path length of an optical fiber propagation path in the device in order to perform accurate measurement.
- measuring the physical length includes errors due to expansion and contraction of the optical fiber itself due to temperature changes, and fluctuations and errors related to the refractive index of the optical fiber. Therefore, it is not preferable to perform an accurate length measurement.
- the optical path length of the device under test is determined based on the change in the phase of the beat generated by the superposition of the first measurement light and the second measurement light detected by the phase detection unit. Can also be measured. With such a detection device, it is possible to measure the optical path length of the light propagation path not only for the above application but also for various applications.
- a two-wavelength light source is used, a beat signal generated at one wavelength is used as reference light for phase reference, a beat signal generated at the other wavelength is used as measurement light for phase measurement, and the measurement light for the reference light is used.
- the configuration is such that the chromatic dispersion is determined by relatively capturing the phase change of the above, it is also possible to generate a beat with light having a single wavelength and capture the chromatic dispersion based on the beat.
- light from a single-mode wavelength light source is separated into zero-order light and primary light through a frequency shifter. Zero-order light passes through the object to be measured, not primary light, Are superimposed to generate a beat, and the phase is measured as a function of wavelength with reference to the phase of the AC electric signal supplied to the frequency shifter to obtain chromatic dispersion.
- the first light having the predetermined wavelength and the predetermined frequency and the first light are the second light whose frequency is shifted. And are supplied. Then, one of the first light and the second light is irradiated to the object to be measured in the irradiation unit.
- One of the first light and the second light applied to the object to be measured by the irradiation unit and the other of the first light and the second light not applied to the object to be measured are overlapped by the superimposing unit. Superimpose.
- a beat is generated by the superposition of the first light and the second light, so that a difference in optical frequency is generated between the first light and the second light, and an alternating current which is a beat generation source is generated.
- the phase of the beat is detected by the phase detector based on the phase of the electric signal.
- the light supply unit divides a part of the light oscillated from the light source into a light source that oscillates light at a single frequency, and inputs a part of the branched light to the acousto-optic crystal to thereby obtain the frequency.
- Such a detection device may further include a chromatic dispersion measurement unit that measures the chromatic dispersion of the device under test based on the phase of the beat detected by the phase detection unit. Further, a change in the temperature of the device under test can be detected based on a change in the phase of the beat detected by the phase detection unit.
- the refractive index of the object to be detected is determined by measuring the phase as a function of the wavelength or frequency of the first measurement light, and further, the temperature dependence of the refractive index is measured. It is also possible to evaluate the temperature change of the device under test.
- the first detection performed by the phase detection unit is performed. It is possible to measure the optical path length of the device under test based on the change in the phase of the beat caused by the superposition of this light and the second light.
- the detection device as described above can be used for evaluation and inspection of various optical members by using an object to be measured as an optical member.
- the object to be measured is a chemical, a biological material, or a cell
- the heat generated by a chemical reaction, a biological reaction, or a change in the structure of the living body, or the heat generated by irradiating the cell with electromagnetic waves is evaluated as a temperature change in the refractive index.
- a glass cell containing a chemical agent or an aqueous solution containing cells is used for the object to be measured, and the heat generated by mixing the chemical agent and the temperature rise of the cell due to electromagnetic wave irradiation are measured.
- a free optical system in which light is propagated by an optical element such as a mirror may be provided between the components, or an optical fiber may be used. It is also possible to adopt a system in which light is propagated by a bar.
- an optical fiber it is preferable to use a polarization maintaining optical fiber.
- the light source that emits the measurement light and the reference light, particularly the measurement light has a variable frequency or wavelength. As a result, an optimum frequency or wavelength can be set according to the device under test.
- the detection device of the present invention includes a light source that emits measurement light having a first wavelength and reference light having a second wavelength different from the first wavelength, and a light source that emits light emitted from the light source.
- a frequency shifter that divides the light into a second frequency light and a second frequency light, an irradiation unit that irradiates the device under test with the first frequency light that is branched by the frequency shifter, and a first frequency light that passes through the irradiation unit.
- a photo power blur that superimposes light and light of a second frequency; a filter that splits light passing through the photo power blur into light of a first wavelength and light of a second wavelength; A first photodiode that outputs an electric signal corresponding to light of the second wavelength, a second photodiode that outputs an electric signal corresponding to light of the second wavelength branched by the filter, and a first photodiode.
- the change in the electric signal output from the diode is Output from the diode And a lock-in amplifier that measures the measured electric signal as a reference.
- the second photodiode is preferably an AC-compatible type capable of removing a DC component from the viewpoint of power accuracy and stability.
- the oscilloscope may further include a result output unit that outputs a measurement result as viewing angle information based on the electric signal output from the lock-in amplifier.
- the oscilloscope that can display the electric signal in the XY mode may be provided as the result output unit.
- Power S can be provided.
- the present invention provides a light source that emits a measurement light having a first wavelength and a reference light having a second wavelength different from the first wavelength, and converts the measurement light into a first measurement light and a second measurement light.
- the reference light is split into the first reference light and the second reference light, and the frequency of the first measurement light and the first reference light or the frequency of the second measurement light and the second reference light is shifted.
- the superimposition unit that superimposes the second measurement light and the second reference light, and the phase of the beat generated by superimposing the first measurement light and the second measurement light in the superimposition unit are compared with the first reference light in the superimposition unit.
- a phase detection unit that detects a beat generated by superimposing the light and the second reference light on the basis of the light, and emits the light from the light source.
- the present invention relates to a measuring device used in a measuring device that irradiates a measurement light having a predetermined wavelength and a reference light having a wavelength different from the measurement light to the measurement object and measures the optical characteristics of the measurement object. It can also be regarded as an instrument.
- This measuring instrument can be used when the device under test reflects light in a wavelength region that includes the wavelength of the measurement light and does not include the wavelength of the reference light. It is installed before or after the DUT in the irradiation direction of the DUT, and reflects light in a wavelength range that includes the wavelength of the reference light and is different from the wavelength range reflected by the DUT. I do.
- Such a measuring instrument can be constituted by an optical fiber grating connected to the downstream side of the object to be measured.
- the present invention provides a first measurement light having a first frequency and a second measurement light different from the first frequency.
- a first reference light having a frequency
- a second measurement light having a frequency shifted by a predetermined amount from the first frequency
- a second reference light having a frequency shifted by the same predetermined amount as the second frequency force.
- the step of superimposing on the second reference light and the phase of the beat generated by the superimposition of the first measurement light and the second measurement light are generated by the superimposition of the first reference light and the second reference light.
- An optical member evaluation method comprising: detecting a beat based on a beat; and measuring an optical characteristic of the optical member based on a phase of the detected beat.
- the wavelength dispersion of the optical member can be measured. Further, when the wavelengths of the first measurement light and the second measurement light are swept, the optical path length of the DUT can be measured by detecting a change in the phase of the beat.
- the absolute value of the frequency shift amount of the second measurement light and the second reference light with respect to the first measurement light and the first reference light is the difference between the first measurement light and the first reference light. It is better to make it smaller than the absolute value of the frequency difference.
- the absolute value of the shift amount can be set to 30-200 MHz.
- the present invention provides a step of irradiating the optical member with one of a first light having a predetermined wavelength and a predetermined frequency and a second light having a different frequency from the first light, Superimposing one of the first light and the second light and the other of the first light and the second light, and an alternating current corresponding to a frequency difference between the first light and the second light. Detecting a phase of a beat generated by superimposing the first light and the second light based on the electric signal; and measuring a chromatic dispersion of the device under test based on the detected phase of the beat. And an optical member evaluation method characterized by including the following.
- the present invention provides a first light having a predetermined wavelength and a predetermined frequency, and a second light having a different frequency from the first light. Irradiating one of the light to the detection target, superimposing one of the first light and the second light irradiated on the detection target, and the other of the first light and the second light, By detecting the phase of the beat generated by the superposition of the first light and the second light, the temperature change of the detection target is detected. Issuing a temperature change.
- the present invention provides a first measurement light having a first frequency, a first reference light having a second frequency different from the first frequency, and a predetermined amount from the first frequency. Generating a second measurement light having a shifted frequency, and a second reference light having a frequency shifted by the same predetermined amount as described above; a first measurement light and a first reference light; Irradiating the first measurement light and the first reference light irradiated on the optical member with the second measurement light and the second reference light.
- the refractive index of the object to be detected is determined by measuring the phase as a function of the wavelength or frequency of the first measurement light, and further, by measuring the temperature dependence of the refractive index, It is better to evaluate the temperature change of the detection target.
- a frequency band that can be measured by an electronic measuring instrument or the like is provided. Then, a beat was generated, and the wavelength dependence of the beat phase was measured. This makes it possible to measure chromatic dispersion, optical path length, and the like at high speed and reliably. Then, since the measurement result can be output as information indicating the wavelength dependence of the phase, it is possible to intuitively recognize the measurement result.
- high-precision measurement can be performed by eliminating the phase fluctuation by using the light of the two wavelengths with a frequency shift and using a signal for the frequency shift as a reference.
- a measurement light for measuring chromatic dispersion is applied to an acoustic wave to which a predetermined AC electric signal is applied.
- the optical (A ⁇ ) crystal force is also passed through a frequency shifter 12, which is also composed.
- the primary light (second light) B1 diffracted by the acousto-optic crystal is shifted by the frequency of the AC electric signal.
- the transmitted zero-order light (first light) B0 remains at the original frequency.
- the zero-order light B0 is transmitted through the wavelength-dispersed DUT (optical member, detection target) S. Then, the zero-order light B0 undergoes a phase change due to the chromatic dispersion of the device under test S (frequency does not change). Thereafter, when the zero-order light B0 and the primary light B1 are superimposed again, a beat occurs due to interference. In this way, by measuring the wavelength dependence of the beat phase of the superimposed light Z in which a beat is generated by superimposing the zero-order light B0 and the primary light B1, chromatic dispersion can be measured and evaluated.
- the beat generated by the superimposed light Z obtained by superimposing these is: It can be detected by an electronic measuring instrument equal to the frequency of the AC electrical signal. As a result, the chromatic dispersion can be reliably measured.
- the intensity of the primary light B1 is proportional to the power of the AC electric signal applied to the frequency shifter 12, and the intensity of the zero-order light B0 decreases accordingly. Therefore, by changing the power of the AC electric signal applied to the frequency shifter 12, the light intensity distributed to the zero-order light B0 and the primary light B1 can be controlled.
- Optical fiber gratings ⁇ For existing devices such as arrayed waveguide diffraction gratings, the loss due to light entering the optical circuit, radiation loss associated with the propagation of the optical circuit, and loss when extracting light exiting from the optical circuit, etc.
- the optical attenuation after passing through the device is about 35 dB, and at most about 10 dB.
- the attenuation of light intensity may reach as much as 30 dB due to the above-described loss and the like.
- the detection device 10A includes a light source (light supply unit) 11, a frequency shifter 12, an object to be measured set unit (irradiation unit) 13, an optical path difference control unit 14, a beam coupler (superimposition unit). ) 15, Photodetector 16, a lock-in amplifier (phase detection unit) 17, a control display unit (wavelength dispersion measurement unit, result output unit) 18, and a distribution ratio control unit 30.
- the path through which light propagates among the light source 11, the frequency shifter 12, the DUT setting unit 13, the optical path difference control unit 14, the beam coupler 15, and the photodetector 16 is as follows.
- All are composed of optical fiber F.
- the optical fiber F a single-mode polarization maintaining fiber (PMF) is used. Unimodality is necessary to avoid degradation of chromatic dispersion measurement accuracy due to inter-mode dispersion.
- Polarization preservation is necessary to evaluate the polarization dependence of the device under test S. In a normal single mode fiber, different polarizations may be mixed without maintaining a single polarization, which makes it difficult to select polarization.
- the light source 11 is a tunable laser light source that oscillates in a single mode (single wavelength).
- the spectrum width of the oscillation line in the light source 11 is 1 GHz or less in frequency, and the wavelength variable range is 1500 1600 nm.
- the peak wavelength of the oscillation line in the light source 11 is denoted by ⁇ .
- the measurement light emitted from the light source 11 is introduced into the frequency shifter 12 through the optical fiber F.
- the frequency shifter 12 is composed of an acousto-optic crystal.
- the frequency shifter 12 emits the primary light B1 shifted by a frequency equal to the frequency of the AC electric signal input to the acousto-optic crystal, for example, 80 °.
- the zero-order light 0 that does not shift and the frequency-shifted primary light B1 are emitted from the frequency shifter 12. Further, the frequency shifter 12 outputs an electric signal whose phase is stable at the same frequency as that of the AC electric signal input to the acousto-optic crystal to the lock-in amplifier 17 as a monitor signal for the phase reference.
- the zero-order light # 0 emitted from the frequency shifter 12 enters the DUT setting unit 13 via the optical fiber F, and the primary light B1 enters the optical path difference control unit 14 via the optical fiber F. Thereafter, the zero-order light 0 and the first-order light B1 emitted from the DUT setting unit 13 and the optical path difference control unit 14 are combined in the beam coupler 15.
- An optical fiber power blur can be used as the beam coupler 15.
- the zero-order light 0 undergoes a phase change due to chromatic dispersion of the DUT S through the DUT S set in the DUT setting section 13.
- the primary light B1 has not received the phase change of the device under test S.
- the frequency applied to the acousto-optic crystal of the frequency shifter 12 be a frequency sufficiently lower than the measurement light.
- the frequency applied to the acousto-optic crystal should be a frequency band that is significantly lower than the frequency of the measurement light, for example, the RF band or a band lower than the RF band.
- the beat signal generated by combining the zero-order light B0 and the primary light B1 has a significantly lower frequency than the measurement light.
- the zero-order light B0 and the primary light B1 can be considered to have substantially the same wavelength.
- the distribution ratio of the zero-order light B0 and the primary light B1 emitted from the frequency shifter 12 is controlled by the distribution ratio control unit 30.
- the distribution ratio control unit 30 controls the acousto-optic crystal of the frequency shifter 12 so that the intensity of the beat generated by the interference between the zero-order light B0 that has undergone a phase change due to the chromatic dispersion of the device under test S and the primary light B1 is maximized. It adjusts the power of the AC electrical signal that is input to. If the device under test S is limited to a specific device, the distribution ratio control unit 30 may fix the power of the AC electric signal to a preset value without making the power variable. In such a case, the distribution ratio control unit 30 can be omitted.
- the optical path difference controller 14 is introduced to maximize the intensity of the beat signal due to the interference between the zero-order light B0 and the primary light B1. This is because the phase of the laser beam fluctuates due to the temporal coherence constraint, which is not always constant. To minimize the decrease in the intensity of the beat signal due to the fluctuation, the optical path difference may be adjusted so that the propagation distances of the zero-order light B0 and the primary light B1 become equal. If the above propagation distances can be made equal by adjusting the length of each optical fiber F and the intensity of the beat signal can be maximized, the optical path difference control unit 14 can be omitted.
- the superimposed light Z of the zero-order light B0 and the primary light B1 emitted from the DUT setting unit 13 and the optical path difference control unit 14 and combined by the beam coupler 15 passes through one optical fiber F.
- the light propagates and enters the photodetector 16.
- the photodetector 16 outputs an electric signal according to the intensity of the incident light.
- the incident light that is, the superimposed light Z of the zero-order light B0 and the primary light B1 has a beat
- the electric signal output from the photodetector 16 also has a beat corresponding thereto. Have.
- the frequency shifter 12 to the beam coupler 15 constitute an interferometer using an optical fiber connection.
- This interferometer is equivalent to a Matsuhart's Ender interferometer, and the frequency shifter 112 functions as a kind of beam splitter.
- the lock-in amplifier 17 is used as a measuring device for detecting a phase. It is necessary to select a response band of the lock-in amplifier 17 that exceeds the frequency of the beat signal.
- the electric signal from the photodetector 16 is used as a measurement signal for measurement (hereinafter referred to as a measurement signal), and the AC electric signal for monitoring from the frequency shifter 12 is used as a phase reference.
- Each is input to the lock-in amplifier 17 as a reference signal (hereinafter, referred to as a phase reference signal).
- the lock-in amplifier 17 can detect the relative phase of the measurement signal with respect to the phase reference signal.
- the relative phase of the measurement signal corresponds to a phase change of the zero-order light B0 due to transmission through the device under test S. Therefore, by measuring the relative phase as a function of the wavelength of the light source 11, the chromatic dispersion of the device under test S can be obtained. Further, by measuring the absolute value of the intensity of the measurement signal, the transmission or reflection spectrum of the object S can be obtained.
- a control and display unit 18 is provided as a chromatic dispersion measuring unit.
- the control / display unit 18 displays information on which the wavelength dependency of the relative phase, that is, the wavelength dispersion, can be intuitively visually recognized.
- the configuration of the control / display unit 18 is, for example, a configuration in which an analog-to-digital converter that enables data input to a computer, an interface that controls devices, and a display are connected.
- Control ⁇ The display unit 18 and the light source 11 are connected by a device control line L.
- the device control line L is, for example, an interface conforming to the IEEE488 standard and its cable.
- Control • The display unit 18 sets the variable range of the wavelength of the light source 11 'sweep speed, and simultaneously monitors the wavelength and light intensity of the light emitted from the light source 11.
- the control 'display section 18 also controls other measuring instruments such as the lock-in amplifier 17 at the same time. Then, the input signal range at the lock-in amplifier 17 can be monitored.
- the relative phase detected by the lock-in amplifier 17 is output as a voltage, and the reference signal is used as a base.
- the control / display unit 18 may be provided in the housing 19, or may be configured as a separate unit such as a PC as shown in FIG. In this case, the chromatic dispersion waveform is displayed on the display 18a of the PC as the control / display unit 18.
- the chromatic dispersion of the device under test S can be measured.
- the measurement results are displayed on the control display 18 as a graph showing the wavelength (frequency) dependence of the phase, plotting the wavelength (frequency) on the horizontal axis and the phase on the vertical axis as shown in FIG. be able to.
- a coefficient of each power that is, a chromatic dispersion term of each order is obtained.
- FIG. 3 shows the change reflecting the second-order chromatic dispersion.
- the zero-order light BO that has undergone the wavelength dispersion of the device under test S and the primary light B1 whose frequency has been shifted are superimposed on each other. And the wavelength (frequency) dependence of the beat phase is measured.
- the measurement result can be output as information indicating the wavelength dependence of the phase, the measurement result can be intuitively recognized. Further, according to such a method, it is possible to provide a highly versatile device that does not ask the type and size of the DUT S.
- Such a detection device 10A can be used for evaluation and inspection of various optical elements and optical members such as optical fibers and various devices used for optical fiber communication, and photonic crystals.
- the DUT setting section 13 In order to facilitate this, a module independent of the housing 19 can be provided.
- the optical devices such as the optical device Sa, the optical fiber Sb, and the optical fiber grating Sc in the reflective arrangement, etc., become the object to be measured S
- the DUT S can also be directly connected to an optical fiber connector (not shown) provided on the surface of the housing 19.
- the circulator 60 is used to take in light from the incident side and send out light to the emission side. Further, as shown in FIG.
- the input side and the output side of the device under test set section 13 are set.
- the ends Fa and Fb of the optical fiber F are spherical.
- the optical fibers F on the input side and the output side are held by fiber holding portions 20A and 20B, and the held optical fibers F are linearly moved in three axial directions orthogonal to each other by the fiber holding portions 20A and 20B. And a drive mechanism that enables rotation about the axis.
- 61 is used.
- a plurality of DUTs S are connected to the optical switch 61, the switching of the optical switch 61 is controlled from the control 'display unit 18 side, and the plurality of DUTs S to be irradiated with the measurement light and the reference light are sequentially switched.
- the measurement of each device under test S can be performed. In this way, it is possible to automatically and continuously measure a plurality of DUTs S.
- a device under test S having a plurality of paths p can be performed.
- an AWG Arrayed Waveguide Grating
- the AWG can perform demultiplexing to multiple wavelengths and multiplexing from multiple wavelengths (row f; J3 ⁇ 4, 16-ch Arrayed Waveguide urating Module with 100-uHz Spacing
- a plurality of branched optical fibers 62 are used.
- the branch fiber 62a of the optical fiber 62 By connecting the branch fiber 62a of the optical fiber 62 to each path p, it is possible to simultaneously irradiate a plurality of paths p with light and perform measurement.
- the characteristics such as the optical path length are preferably known, and calibration based on the characteristics is preferably performed as necessary.
- high-precision measurement without performing calibration can be performed.
- the AWG is also used for controlling the waveform of an ultrashort optical pulse that can only be split and multiplexed
- such a detection device 10A can also be used as a device for detecting heat generated by the reaction and heat exchange in order to detect a chemical reaction, a biological reaction, and heat exchange.
- the detection device 10A detects a change in the refractive index of the medium caused by the heat generated during the reaction or the temperature rise due to the thermal effect accompanying the electromagnetic wave irradiation.
- an object S to be evaluated such as a chemical to be detected or a cancer cell, is placed in a cell 21 such as a glass cell, for example, and set in the object setting section 13.
- the optical fibers F on the entrance side and the exit side with respect to the DUT set section 13 are provided so that the zero-order light B0 becomes a parallel beam in the cell 21.
- the detection device 10A evaluates (detects) this.
- the object S is a cancer cell or the like.
- the DUT setting unit 13 includes a heating unit 22 that irradiates the cell 21 with electromagnetic waves or the like to heat the DUT S. By irradiating the heating unit 22 with an electromagnetic wave or the like, the temperature of the test object S rises, and the refractive index changes.
- the detector 10A detects and evaluates the change in the refractive index as a phase change of the propagating light (zero-order light B0).
- such a detection device 10A can also perform optical path length measurement in an optical fiber or the like.
- the same measurement as described above is performed on the optical fiber as the device under test S, and the measurement is performed using the optical path length of the optical fiber instead of the chromatic dispersion.
- the DUT S is set in the DUT setting section 13, and the phase is measured by sweeping the wavelength in a predetermined region.
- the optical path length L can be obtained from the following equation from the amount of phase change ( ⁇ ) in the wavelength range of the sweep range.
- L is the optical path length
- c is the light speed
- V and V are max mm of the frequency corresponding to the measurement wavelength range.
- the optical path difference control unit 14 for adjusting the optical path length of the path of the zero-order light BO and the path of the primary light B1 specifically has the following configuration. Can be adopted.
- the optical path difference control unit 14 is configured by changing the optical path length by appropriately replacing and removing the batch cord type optical fiber with both ends connected by connectors. Power S can.
- a stage 91 is provided on a base 90 so as to be movable in one direction, and a retro-reflector 92 having a substantially V-shaped cross section is provided on the stage 91.
- the retroreflector 92 is fixed to the optical fiber F1 for irradiating the primary light B1, the optical fiber F2 for receiving the light reflected by the retroreflector 92 and sending it to the beam coupler 15, and the force base 90. It has become.
- the stage 91 can be moved to adjust the distance between the retroreflector 92 and the outgoing and incoming ends of the optical fibers Fl and F2.
- the optical path length of the path of the zero-order light B0 and the optical path length of the path of the primary light B1 can be matched.
- the control and display unit 18 monitors the phase change as a function of the wavelength of the measurement light, and controls the optical path difference control unit 14 to minimize the amount of phase change. Use to adjust the optical path length of the path on the primary light B1 side. In this way, the phase change that depends linearly on frequency can be removed, and only the term that depends nonlinearly on the frequency that is the source of chromatic dispersion can be extracted.
- the detection device 10A By designing the detection device 10A so that the chromatic dispersion of all components including the optical fiber in the detection device 10A except for the device under test S is suppressed to 1Z10 or less of the device under test S, Only the chromatic dispersion of the object S can be measured with high accuracy.
- the monitoring AC electric signal from the frequency shifter 12 is used as the phase reference signal to detect the relative phase of the measurement signal.
- the measurement light (E) and the reference light (E prob ref) are used as the phase reference signal to detect the relative phase of the measurement signal.
- the detection device 10A shown in the first embodiment and the detection device 10B in the second embodiment described below have a common basic device configuration. The same reference numerals are given and the description is omitted.
- the light source 31 of the detection device 10B shown in Fig. 10 can generate light of two wavelengths ⁇ and ⁇ .
- light source 31 emits light of wavelength (first wavelength);
- a coupling unit 34 for coupling the lights of wavelengths ⁇ and ⁇ emitted from the first light source 32 and the second light source 33;
- the connector 35 is provided. When used in a free space system, connect the optical fiber F and the beam collimator 70 to this.
- Each of the first light source 32 and the second light source 33 is a single mode oscillation wavelength tunable laser used as the light source 11 in the detection device 10A of the first embodiment. It has the same performance as the one light source.
- the first light source 32 and the second light source 33 are set so that the wavelength and the wavelength sweep condition and the light intensity can be externally controlled, and the oscillation wavelength, the wavelength sweep condition and the output light power can be monitored from the outside. I have. In the following description,
- the light of 0 is the reference light, and the light of wavelength; I is the measurement light for chromatic dispersion detection.
- variable range of the wavelength and the oscillation line width are the same as those in the first embodiment.
- the reference light and the measurement light emitted from the light source 31 are introduced into the frequency shifter 12 through the optical fin F. From the frequency shifter 12, the reference light of wavelength ⁇ , the wavelength
- the primary light B1 which is shifted to the second frequency by the frequency shift to 0, is emitted.
- the light emitted from the frequency shifter 12 corresponds to the reference light having the wavelength ⁇ and the measurement light having the wavelength ⁇ .
- the distribution ratio of the zero-order light 0 and the primary light B1 can be controlled by the distribution ratio control unit 30 as in the first embodiment.
- the frequency shift amount of the primary light B1 is the same for both wavelengths ⁇ and ⁇ .
- the frequency is, for example, 80 MHz.
- the frequency shifter 12 does not output an AC electric signal for monitoring.
- the first measurement light, the wavelength as the first reference light, and the zero-order light BO of ⁇ pass through the optical fiber F.
- the light enters the DUT setting section 13 as measurement light.
- the second measuring light, the wavelength as the second reference light, and the primary light B1 of ⁇ are transmitted through the optical fiber F, and the optical path difference is used as the reference light.
- the light enters the control unit 14.
- the zero-order light ⁇ 0 and the primary light B1 emitted from the DUT setting unit 13 and the optical path difference control unit 14 are combined by a beam coupler 15, and the superimposed light of wavelengths ⁇ and ⁇ ⁇
- Wavelength; superimposed light of I and ⁇ Beat frequencies of ⁇ and ⁇ are
- the force phase which is the frequency (80 MHz) due to the frequency shift amount in (12), reflects the wavelength dispersion of the device under test S, and differs according to each wavelength.
- a wavelength selector 36 is provided at the subsequent stage of the beam coupler 15.
- the wavelength selector 36 separates the superimposed lights ⁇ and ⁇ of the wavelengths I and ⁇ according to the wavelength.
- Figure 13 shows
- FIG. 3 shows an example of the configuration of the wavelength selector 36.
- the wavelength selector 36 branches the optical fiber F, which has propagated the superimposed light ⁇ , ⁇ of the wavelength; I, ⁇ , into two systems at the optical fiber branching unit 37,
- variable wavelength filter (first filter) 38A is provided in the system LO and a variable wavelength filter (second filter) 38B is provided in the system L1.
- the tunable filter 38A of one system L0 extracts the superimposed light ⁇ of the wavelength ⁇ as the reference light, and extracts the tunable filter of the other system L1.
- the filter 38 ⁇ the superimposed light ⁇ of the wavelength ⁇ as the measurement light is extracted.
- the wavelength selection unit 36 the wavelength; the superimposed light of I;
- the wavelength ⁇ of the measurement light is, for example, 1502-1600 ⁇ .
- wavelength tunable filter 38B must transmit a wide band of light that sweeps I;
- wavelength tunable filter 38B must transmit a wide band of light that sweeps I;
- the reflected light from the wavelength tunable filter (filter) 38C contains components other than the reference light.
- the reflection band can extend over a wide band of about 100 nm near the wavelength of the reference light. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 14, the reflected light of the wavelength tunable filter 38C is used as the measurement light without using the optical fiber branching section 37 and the wavelength tunable filters 38A and 38B. The ability to realize equivalent functions can be achieved.
- the photodetector is connected to the system L0 after the wavelength selector 36 (including 36 ′).
- First photoelectric element, first photodiode 16A, and a photodetector (second photoelectric element, second photodiode) 16B is provided in the system L1.
- the superimposed lights Z, Z separated for each wavelength by the wavelength selector 36 pass through the optical fiber F and pass through the photodetectors 16A and 16B.
- the photodetectors 16A and 16B output an electric signal corresponding to the intensity of the incident light.
- the photodetector 16A outputs an electric signal corresponding to the beat of the wavelength; I, the superimposed light Z.
- This electric signal is input to the lock-in amplifier 17 as a phase reference electric signal. Further, the photodetector 16B outputs an electric signal corresponding to the beat of the superimposed light Z of the wavelength; I, and outputs this electric signal.
- the air signal is input to the lock-in amplifier 17 as a measurement signal.
- the lock-in amplifier 17 uses the electric signal from the photodetector 16A as the phase reference electric signal and the electric signal from the photodetector 16B as the measurement signal to determine the relative value of the measurement signal to the phase reference signal. Detect the phase. This makes it possible to obtain the relative phase of the measurement signal, that is, the phase change of the zero-order light B0 due to transmission through the device under test S, and measures the chromatic dispersion of the device under test S for control. It can be displayed on the display unit 18. In this manner, in the detection apparatus 10B, the wavelength of the reference light is fixed, and the phase of the beat of the measurement light whose wavelength is swept is measured with reference to the beat phase at that wavelength. Can be known.
- the detection device 10A shown in the first embodiment has a configuration in which an AC electric signal in the frequency shifter 12 is extracted as a phase reference signal.
- a phase reference method it is not possible to remove the phase fluctuation caused by vibrations and the like in the detection device 10A, and the phase fluctuation of the generated beat is affected. That is, depending on the required measurement accuracy, the phase may not be measured stably, which may affect the measurement accuracy in the error force detection device 10A due to the phase fluctuation.
- the detection device 10B of the present embodiment uses different wavelengths ⁇ light as the reference light and the measurement light, respectively.
- the reference light and the measurement light pass through the same path, they receive a common phase fluctuation. Therefore, by canceling the phase fluctuation, most of the error due to the phase fluctuation can be eliminated.
- the remaining phase fluctuation is caused by the difference between the wavelengths. For example, if the wavelength of the reference light is 1500 nm, which is the lower limit of the sweep range, and the wavelength of the measurement light is 1600 nm, which is the upper limit, the wavelength difference between the two is 100 nm. This is 6.7% of the wavelength of the reference light. Therefore, as compared with the detection device 10A of the first embodiment, the detection device 10B can significantly reduce the error due to the phase fluctuation and perform more accurate and much more stable measurement. It is.
- the wavelength ⁇ of the reference light is set at a predetermined interval from the wavelength region R.
- the wavelength region ⁇ ⁇ that reflects light from the DUT S is a wide band that encompasses the wavelength region R that sweeps the measurement light and the wavelength ⁇ of the reference light.
- the reference light does not reflect off the measured object s.
- the circulator 60 can obtain only the measurement light reflected by the device under test S, and thus cannot detect the phase itself.
- An example of such a narrow band D under test S is FBG (Fiber Bragg Grating).
- the FBG has a configuration in which a diffraction grating is provided on the optical fiber propagation path (for example, “Fiber Bragg Gratings for Optical Fiber Communications” MN Zervas, John Wiley & Sons December 2003 ISBN: 0471815004, or , " ⁇ ADM in Metro Access” Masayoshi Kagawa, Hiroyuki Tsukada, Masafumi Yoneda, Furukawa Electric Journal, January 2003, No. 111, pp.56-61).
- a configuration as shown in Fig. 16 is effective for measuring a narrow-band DUT S. That is, the DUT S
- a reflector (reflector) 80 that reflects the wavelength of the reference light is arranged on the subsequent stage.
- the measurement light is reflected by the object S, 100% of the light is not completely reflected, but a part of the light passes through the object S and reaches the reflector 80. You. When the measurement light that reaches the reflector 80 is reflected, it affects the measurement light reflected by the DUT S, which may cause a decrease in measurement accuracy. It is preferable to have a characteristic that does not reflect the light in the region R. In the case of an FBG, for example, if the FBG has a reflection peak at a wavelength of 1550 nm, the wavelength region R for sweeping the measurement light is 1545 1555 nm, and the wavelength of the reference light; I is, for example, a wavelength of 1530 nm and the like.
- the wavelength difference is as small as 15 nm. In this way, it has the characteristic that it reflects the reference light and does not reflect the light in the wavelength region R that sweeps the measurement light at a very small wavelength difference.
- the reflector 80 a reflector having a narrow band reflection characteristic itself is preferable. For example, an FBG is preferable.
- the FBG of the device under test S and the FBG serving as the reflector 80 are connected by an optical fiber 81 having a standard (known) dispersion.
- the measurement light is reflected by the FBG, which is the measurement object S, and returns to the circulator 60, whereas the reference light passes through the FBG, which is the measurement object S, and is reflected by the FBG that becomes the reflector 80. Return to the circulator 60.
- FIG. 17 shows an example of a specific configuration of the detection device 10 B as described above.
- an A ⁇ frequency shifter Acoustic-Optic: A ⁇
- a ⁇ acousto-optic crystal
- AOFS Acoust Optic Frequency Shifter
- a distribution ratio control unit 30 for adjusting an AC electric signal applied to the frequency shifter 12 composed of A ⁇ frequency shifter is provided, and the zero-order light B0 after the DUT S is added by the distribution ratio control unit 30.
- the intensity of the beat generated between the primary light and the primary light B1 was optimized so that the noise in the measurement results was minimized.
- the wavelength selector 36 has a function of adding a new wavelength into the medium in which a plurality of wavelengths are propagating (optical ADD) and a function of extracting only one wavelength from the medium (optical DROP).
- the adopted Add / Drop filter was adopted.
- the light detection for detecting the reference light having the wavelength ⁇ and the measurement light having the wavelength ⁇ and converting the same into an electric signal is performed.
- Photodiodes are used as devices 16A and 16B.
- an AC (alternating current) -compatible photodiode as a photo diode constituting the reference light side photodetector 16B used as a reference in the lock-in amplifier 17.
- the zero-order light B0 that has passed through the DUT setting section 13 is shown by [Equation 2] below, and the primary light B1 that has not passed through the DUT setting section 13 is shown by [Equation 3]. it can.
- E is the electric field of the measurement light or reference light
- X is the measurement light (prob) or reference light (ref)
- e is the base of natural logarithm
- i is the imaginary unit
- ⁇ is the angle of the measurement light or reference light Frequency
- t is time
- ⁇ is the phase difference (this term includes chromatic dispersion) caused by the device under test S.
- the power ⁇ of the superimposed light ⁇ ⁇ superimposed in the beam coupler 15 is represented by ⁇ in [Equation 2] and ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ in [Equation 3].
- the term 1 I 2 is a so-called DC component that is not related to interference because it is determined by the paths of the zero-order light B0 and the primary light B1.
- the use of an AC (alternating current) -compatible photodiode as the photodetector 16B makes it possible to output an electric signal from which the DC component has been cut.
- the lock-in amplifier 17 can detect the phase based on a highly accurate signal by using the electric signal from which the DC component has been cut as a reference.
- First light source 32 NewFocus Model 6528
- Second light source 33 NewFocus Model 6428
- frequency shifter 12 Brimrose AMF-100-10_1525
- photodetector 16A NewFocus Model 1811-FC (photodiode compatible with DC )
- Photodetector 16B NewFocus Model 1811-AC-FC (photodiode compatible with AC)
- lock-in amplifier 17 Stanford Research Systems SR844, (operating conditions: 0.3ms or less, X_Y or R-theta mode )
- Control 'display 18 Oscilloscope Iwatsu model TS_8500.
- the DUT S was an FBG which has a reflection peak at a wavelength of 1550 nm and is used as an optical filter for an IOGbps wavelength division multiplexing transmission system in the c-band band.
- the wavelength region R for sweeping the measurement light was set to 1545-1555 nm with respect to such an object S, and the wavelength region R having a width of 10 ⁇ m was swept in 1 second.
- the reference light had a wavelength of 1530 nm.
- the output signal from the lock-in amplifier 17 is used as an oscilloscope and PC as the control While displaying visual information on an oscilloscope, the PC received an output signal of 60,000 points (times) per second and output it as a relationship between frequency, phase and reflection intensity.
- the output result power is shown in FIG.
- a reflection intensity peak having a spectrum width of about 20 to 30 GHz clearly appears on the line U indicating the relationship between the frequency and the reflection intensity (the L1 portion in FIG. 18). Fluctuations called sidelobes also clearly appear beside the peaks (L2 in Fig. 18).
- Both the line L indicating the relationship between frequency and reflection intensity and the line P indicating the relationship between frequency and phase show fluctuations at a pitch of about 1 GHz, which indicates that measurement can be performed with a resolution of about 1 GHz. It is clear.
- the wavelength range R with a width of 10 nm is swept in 1 second, which enables very high-speed and high-resolution measurement.
- the position and size of the wavelength region to be swept are not subject to any restrictions, and even in the wider wavelength region R, measurement can be performed with high speed and high accuracy.
- the detection devices 10A and 10B described in the first and second embodiments are configured to propagate light using the optical fiber F
- the detection device 10C according to the present embodiment includes a mirror, a prism, or the like.
- a free-space beam system was constructed using
- the same components as those of the detection devices 10A and 10B shown in the first or second embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be omitted.
- the above-described various modifications and application examples can be similarly applied. In this case, as shown in FIG. 19, in the detector 10C, the same configuration as the light source 31 (see FIG.
- the light source 41 can be used as the light source 41, but the free space beam
- a beam collimator is provided at the tip of an optical fiber F serving as an output fiber so that the emitted light becomes a parallel beam. From the light source 41, the wavelength as the reference light; I
- the measuring light reaches the frequency shifter 12 through free space. Then, from the frequency shifter 12, the reference light of wavelength ⁇ and the measurement light of wavelength;
- the light and the frequency-shifted primary light B1 are emitted. At this time, the wavelength ⁇
- the distribution ratio of the secondary light B0 and the primary light B1 can be controlled by the distribution ratio control unit 30 as in the first embodiment.
- the frequency shift amount of the primary light B1 is
- the frequency is, for example, 80 MHz. Note that, also in the present embodiment, the frequency shifter 12 does not output an AC electric signal for monitoring.
- the zero-order light BO of wavelengths ⁇ and ⁇ passes through free space, passes through the incident optical system 42, and is used as measurement light.
- the zero-order light B0 that has passed through the DUT setting section 13 reaches a cube-shaped beam coupler 45 via an emission optical system 43 and a mirror 44.
- the primary light Bl of wavelengths ⁇ and ⁇ is emitted from the frequency shifter 12 at a different angle from the zero-order light BO.
- the beam reaches a beam coupler 45 via mirrors 46 and 47 and retro-reflector type movable mirrors 48 and 49 functioning as an optical path difference control unit.
- Each beat frequency is a frequency (80 ° ⁇ ) based on the amount of frequency shift in the frequency shifter 12, but the phase reflects the chromatic dispersion of the DUT S and depends on each wavelength. It is different.
- a wavelength selector 50 is provided at the subsequent stage of the beam coupler 45.
- the wavelength selector 50 separates the superimposed lights ⁇ and ⁇ of the wavelengths ⁇ and ⁇ according to the wavelength.
- Figure 20 shows
- the wavelength selector 50 has a configuration in which a pair of lenses 53 and 54 are arranged between a pair of diffraction gratings 51 and 52.
- the lenses 53 and 54 are spherical lenses, and if the focal length of the lenses 53 and 54 is f, the distance between the lenses 53 and 54 is 2f, the distance between the lens 53 and the diffraction grating 51, and the distance between the lens 53 and the diffraction grating 52. The distance is f.
- ⁇ ⁇ are diffracted at an angle corresponding to the wavelength, and travel toward the lens (first lens) 53.
- the incident position on the lens 53 differs depending on the wavelength of the tatami lights Z, Z. And times
- a mirror (first optical element) 56 for taking out the superimposed light ⁇ having the wavelength I fixed as the reference light is provided.
- the superimposed light ⁇ having the wavelength ⁇ is directed to the photodetector 16A via the mirror 56.
- the superimposed light ⁇ of wavelength ⁇ is a lens (second lens)
- the light is condensed on a diffraction grating (second diffraction grating) 52 via 54 and diffracted again at a predetermined angle according to the wavelength.
- a diffraction grating (second diffraction grating) 52 via 54 and diffracted again at a predetermined angle according to the wavelength.
- the superimposed light is directed in the same direction from the diffraction grating 52 because the diffraction
- a parallel beam is emitted to the outside. Wavelength emitted outside; superimposed light ⁇
- the optical system having such a configuration can easily separate light of different wavelengths from a beam propagating in free space and take out each separated light as a parallel beam.
- the reference light and the measurement light are separated by the wavelength difference in the wavelength selection unit 50, and are condensed and incident on the photodetectors 16A and 16B. Then, the photodetectors 16A and 16B output an electric signal corresponding to the intensity of the incident light, and based on this, the lock-in amplifier 17 outputs the electric signal from the photodetector 16A as a phase reference electric signal. The relative phase of the measurement signal with respect to the phase reference signal is detected from the electrical signal from the photodetector 16B as the measurement signal.
- the relative phase of the measurement signal that is, the phase change of the zero-order light ⁇ 0 due to transmission through the DUT S
- the chromatic dispersion of the DUT S can be measured and controlled and displayed. It can be displayed in part 18.
- the same effects as those of the first and second embodiments can be obtained in the detection apparatus 10C having the free space beam system.
- the detector 10C can measure chromatic dispersion even in the wavelength region where the optical fiber F cannot be used, for example, light near the wavelength of 500 nm. It becomes.
- a PC is generally used as the control display unit 18 as shown in FIG.
- the mouth The electric signal from the cook-in amplifier 17 is received via an AD converter (ADC), and the chromatic dispersion waveform is displayed on the display 18a in a ⁇ - ⁇ format as shown in FIG.
- ADC AD converter
- the electric signal output from the lock-in amplifier 17 can be displayed in the XY format by the oscilloscope 100.
- the output display in the XY format on the oscilloscope 100 and the output on the PC 18 can be combined.
- the rough display is intuitively performed using the output display on the oscilloscope 100, and the characteristics of the DUT S are adjusted based on the rough evaluation.
- the stage where the characteristics of the device under test S have become stable for example, at the stage of mass production, it is possible to perform output using numerical values and the like in the PC 18.
- the zero-order light B0 is incident on the DUT S, and the primary light B1 is not incident.
- the apparatus it is also possible to configure the apparatus so that the zero-order light B0 does not enter the DUT S and the primary light B1 enters.
- the zero-order light B0 passes through the DUT S, which has higher intensity than the minus-order light B1, there may be a loss due to reflection or absorption.
- a setting is adopted in which light B0 is incident on the object S to be measured.
- the frequency shifter 12 when the frequency shifter 12 is composed of a commercially available acousto-optic crystal and an RF oscillator, there is a type in which the RF intensity is variable and the intensity of the zero-order light B0 and the primary light B1 can be adjusted. In this case, the intensity ratio between the zero-order light B0 and the primary light B1 may be reversed, and it may be effective to make the primary light B1 incident on the DUT S. Therefore, which one is incident on the DUT S may be selected according to the characteristics of the frequency shifter 12.
- the electrical frequency band of the photodetectors 16, 16A, and 16B may be a wide band higher than the beat frequency or a narrow band of about several MHz around the beat frequency.
- select photodetectors 16, 16A, and 16B that respond in a wide band from DC to the beat frequency. If it is necessary to remove noise from components other than the DC component and beat frequency, those that respond only in a narrow band can be selected as the photodetectors 16, 16A, and 16B.
- the above-described embodiments will be described. It is possible to select the configuration that has been changed, or to appropriately change the configuration to another configuration.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of a detection device according to a first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of an appearance of a detection device.
- FIG. 3 is an example of information indicating wavelength dependence of a phase output by a detection device.
- FIG. 4 is a view showing a form of an object to be measured set in a detection device.
- FIG. 5 is a view showing another embodiment of an object to be measured set in the detection device.
- FIG. 6 is a view showing still another form of the device under test set in the detection device.
- FIG. 7 is a view showing still another form of the device under test set in the detection device.
- FIG. 8 is a view showing still another form of the device under test set in the detection device.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of an optical path difference control unit.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a detection device according to a second embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a configuration of a light source.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a light propagation mode when two wavelengths are used.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wavelength selection unit.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating another example of the wavelength selection unit.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a relationship between measurement light and a wavelength region in a reflection-type DUT.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing a configuration of a measuring instrument in a narrow band reflection type DUT.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram showing a specific configuration of a detection device.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram showing the obtained measurement results.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram showing a configuration of a detection device according to a third embodiment.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram showing a configuration of a wavelength selection unit.
- 10A, 10B, 10C detection device
- 11 light source (light supply unit)
- 12 frequency shifter
- 15 beam coupler (superimposition unit)
- wavelength selection part 37 ... optical fiber branching part, 38A ... wavelength tunable filter (first filter), 38B ... wavelength tunable filter (second 38C: variable wavelength filter (filter), 41: light source, 50: wavelength selector, 51: diffraction grating, 52: diffraction grating (second diffraction grating), 53: lens (first lens) , 54... lens (second lens), 56... mirror (first optical element), 57... mirror (second optical element), 80... reflector (reflector), 100... oscilloscope, B0... Zero-order light (first light), B1: Primary light (second light), F: Optical fiber, S: DUT (optical member, object to be detected), Sa: Optical device (optical member), Sb ... Optical fiber (optical member), Sc... optical fiber grating (optical member), Z, Z, Z: superimposed light, ⁇ : wavelength, ⁇ : wavelength (first wavelength), ⁇ : wavelength (second) Wavelength)
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
- Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)
- Instruments For Measurement Of Length By Optical Means (AREA)
- Testing Of Optical Devices Or Fibers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002511960A CA2511960C (en) | 2003-08-12 | 2004-08-06 | Detection apparatus, optical path length measuring apparatus, device for measurement, method for evaluating optical member, and method for detecting change in temperature |
| EP04771366A EP1655592A4 (en) | 2003-08-12 | 2004-08-06 | DETECTION DEVICE, DEVICE FOR MEASURING OPTICAL PATH LENGTH, MEASURING INSTRUMENT, EVALUATION METHOD FOR OPTICAL LINES AND TEMPERATURE CHANGING DETECTION METHODS |
| US10/542,204 US7426038B2 (en) | 2003-08-12 | 2004-08-06 | Detection device, optical path length measurement device, measurement instrument, optical member evaluation method, and temperature change detection method |
| JP2005512973A JP3820411B2 (ja) | 2003-08-12 | 2004-08-06 | 検出装置、光路長測定装置、光学部材評価方法、温度変化検出方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003-292656 | 2003-08-12 | ||
| JP2003292656 | 2003-08-12 | ||
| JP2003415294 | 2003-12-12 | ||
| JP2003-415294 | 2003-12-12 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2005015149A1 true WO2005015149A1 (ja) | 2005-02-17 |
Family
ID=34137966
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2004/011367 Ceased WO2005015149A1 (ja) | 2003-08-12 | 2004-08-06 | 検出装置、光路長測定装置、測定用器具、光学部材評価方法、温度変化検出方法 |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7426038B2 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP1655592A4 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP3820411B2 (ja) |
| CA (1) | CA2511960C (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2005015149A1 (ja) |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20060132793A1 (en) | 2006-06-22 |
| EP1655592A1 (en) | 2006-05-10 |
| CA2511960A1 (en) | 2005-02-17 |
| CA2511960C (en) | 2009-11-17 |
| EP1655592A4 (en) | 2007-08-29 |
| JPWO2005015149A1 (ja) | 2006-10-05 |
| US7426038B2 (en) | 2008-09-16 |
| JP3820411B2 (ja) | 2006-09-13 |
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