WO2005016576A1 - Piece coulee et procede de fabrication de ladite piece - Google Patents

Piece coulee et procede de fabrication de ladite piece Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005016576A1
WO2005016576A1 PCT/EP2004/008149 EP2004008149W WO2005016576A1 WO 2005016576 A1 WO2005016576 A1 WO 2005016576A1 EP 2004008149 W EP2004008149 W EP 2004008149W WO 2005016576 A1 WO2005016576 A1 WO 2005016576A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
rail
component
rails
cast
cast component
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2004/008149
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Karl-Hermann Katzoreck
Friedrich Saibold
Bernd Harter
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ZF Friedrichshafen AG
Original Assignee
ZF Friedrichshafen AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ZF Friedrichshafen AG filed Critical ZF Friedrichshafen AG
Publication of WO2005016576A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005016576A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D25/00—Special casting characterised by the nature of the product
    • B22D25/02—Special casting characterised by the nature of the product by its peculiarity of shape; of works of art
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/08—Features with respect to supply of molten metal, e.g. ingates, circular gates, skim gates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/08—Features with respect to supply of molten metal, e.g. ingates, circular gates, skim gates
    • B22C9/082—Sprues, pouring cups

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a cast component with a load-bearing .
  • Site denotes a structure, such as is used for a crane frame or as a supporting structure for an aircraft, which has stiffness jumps, right or acute angles as well as throttling points and kinks and is therefore not optimally designed in terms of casting technology.
  • Topology optimization is a mathematical process that achieves the optimal shape or material distribution of a structure in a given space. This is done, among other things, by reducing the density of the elements in areas with low voltage and in areas with high
  • Tensions the density is increased. Areas that should not be optimized (non-design space), such as storage locations and interfaces to other components, are that was defined before the calculation and excluded from the optimization process.
  • topology optimization for example, a finite element model with an optimal material-material distribution adapted to the force profiles is used.
  • the object of the present invention is, on the one hand, to specify a cast component with a load-bearing frame structure, which makes it possible to achieve several or all of the optimization goals, i. H. Function, strength, production or costs, to be taken into account at the same time and, on the other hand, to specify a method for producing such a cast component.
  • the component should be able to be produced without additional expenditure, for example for testing or for production costs.
  • the component should thus have optimal functionality and / or very good strength with a long service life and good thermal properties and / or optimum manufacturing properties and should be able to be produced at low cost.
  • a cast component with a supporting frame structure, the frame structure consisting of at least one frame element, an element hereinafter referred to as a rail.
  • This at least one rail is along at least one Load path and / or a filling path of the cast component is arranged, a load path representing the area of a component on which the essential loads or forces acting on the component run from the outside and a filling path representing the area of a component over which during the casting process the The component is filled with melt.
  • the at least one rail according to the invention has a cross-sectional area with a width-height ratio of 1: 1 to 1: 4, the ribs usually used in cast components with a large width-height ratio being excluded as a cross-sectional profile.
  • Another essential feature of the invention is that the at least one rail is essentially conical in the longitudinal direction and the end with the larger cross-sectional area is provided on the sprue side and, if a rail is connected to a further wall area of the component, that the Wall thickness of this wall area is also substantially tapered with increasing distance from the rail.
  • a cast component which has a frame structure with at least one rail exclusively along the load paths and / or fill paths, a stronger material accumulation being provided exclusively along the rail than in the wall regions connecting the frame structure.
  • the object according to the invention can therefore not only be used to achieve an optimization goal, such as strength or costs, but the invention takes into account the holistic way of thinking in the design of a cast component and enables it through the proposed one
  • Frame or rail structure advantageously an optimal compromise between functionality, strength, manufacturing and costs.
  • a rail in the sense of the invention not only a supporting frame element per se, but also an essentially rail-shaped area for filling a cast component with melt.
  • the frame structure or the at least one rail is dimensioned in terms of function or strength, so that the at least one rail advantageously absorbs the essential forces acting on the component.
  • the at least one rail is designed as a push rod and / or a tension rod, so that the forces acting on the component are guided in a defined manner via the at least one rail or a rail structure.
  • the at least one rail is arranged along an inner and / or outer contour of the component.
  • the one or more rails are advantageously provided invisibly to the viewer on the inside of a housing wall of a component or also visibly on the outer contour, in particular along the outside edges of a component.
  • the at least one rail extends only over the area of a cast component that is subjected to forces. If the end regions of a cast component are not subjected to forces, but for example only a central region of a component, then the at least one rail or also a plurality of rails must be provided exclusively in the region subject to forces, so that in the two end regions of a component an unnecessary accumulation of material can advantageously be avoided.
  • the at least one rail is provided for filling the casting mold of a component during the casting process and that the at least one rail has a larger cross-sectional area or a greater wall thickness than the regions of the cast component directly adjacent to the rail having.
  • the at least one rail thus fulfills functional or strength requirements on the one hand and on the other hand enables a defined filling of a casting mold during the casting process. Since the rail represents an area with a large accumulation of material, the rail forms a so-called heat center after filling a casting mold, ie the heat is stored in the rail for as long as possible. Since the solidification of a melt usually begins in the areas with the lowest accumulation of material, a targeted solidification of the component and thus a reduction in the defects in the cast or an increase in the strength of the cast component can advantageously be achieved. The area of the rail only cools down after the neighboring areas have solidified.
  • the profile of the at least one rail or even several rails is usually constant over the length of the rail.
  • the profile can be circular / elliptical or also ring-shaped, of course also as a circular or elliptical ring.
  • the profile can also be square, in particular square, or also polygonal with essentially rounded corners or the like, a square with rounded corners being used in particular to achieve a width-to-height ratio of the cross-sectional area of up to 1: 4.
  • the rail can also have different profiles and / or different cross-sectional areas.
  • a rail can have a circular profile at one end, which is formed as an ellipse or as a square at the other end if this is advantageous for the cast component.
  • a filling path after the casting process represents a heat center, which significantly influences the solidification of the component.
  • a cast component contains only as many rails or heat centers as necessary for functional, strength or manufacturing reasons, and as few rails or heat centers as possible, so that after the casting, the solidification of the melt takes place as homogeneously as possible and if possible little casting defects and good strength of the component can be achieved.
  • the frame or rail structure according to the invention thus differs significantly from the previously known structures, which generally have a substantially higher number of beams than the rail structure according to the invention.
  • attachments that are integrally connected to the cast component are designed as an integral component of the at least one rail or a plurality of rails.
  • Flanges, bearing points, spring eyes, pivot eyes, stop eyes, dressing eyes or the like are provided as attachments.
  • This advantageously enables the mechanically highly stressed attachments to be connected directly to the strength-relevant rails of the component and not, for example, to mechanically highly stressed bearing points on thin-walled housing sections.
  • the proposed integration of the attachments into the at least one rail advantageously also creates new space for additional attachments or also internals on the cast component. By eliminating the reinforcing ribs that were previously necessary, for example, a further oil reservoir or a space for an oil filter in an axle housing or a space for electrical or electronic components, in particular in automatic motor vehicle transmissions, can be formed.
  • the cast component be a housing and have at least one housing wall which is connected in one piece to the at least one rail. Due to the load-bearing rail structure of a housing, the housing wall can advantageously only be provided for sealing an interior of the housing. For example, in the case of an axle housing or also a transmission housing, the housing wall does not have to absorb any forces and can advantageously be dimensioned with a smaller wall thickness than a load-bearing housing wall.
  • the proposed design of a cast component according to the invention can be used almost optimal casting design of the component can be achieved.
  • the at least one rail and / or also a housing wall has only soft transitions, soft curves, large radii and no jumps, no throttling points and no kinks.
  • an optimal filling of the rail (s) and thus a filling of the component can advantageously take place and a controlled, almost homogeneous solidification of the rails and the component can be achieved.
  • the cast component according to the invention is an axle tube or an articulated housing for a working machine, such as an excavator, a wheel loader, an agricultural vehicle or a telehandler.
  • a working machine such as an excavator, a wheel loader, an agricultural vehicle or a telehandler.
  • the axle tube has, for example, at one end a connecting flange for fastening the axle tube to a differential housing and at its other end an axle fist for connection to an articulated housing, these two end regions being connected to one another with a large accumulation of material by three rails arranged essentially parallel to one another , Two rails, for example, are provided on the underside of the axle tube and contain, for example, spring eyes, articulation and / or dressing eyes as integral components.
  • the third rail is arranged on the top of the axle tube between the flange and the axle fist and contains a pendulum support as an integral part.
  • the rails in this example are thus advantageously designed both as filling paths during the casting process of the component and as load paths for the later use of the component in a machine.
  • the cross-sectional areas of the flange, rails and axle fist decrease continuously from the sprue side.
  • a calculation method according to HEUVER is proposed. If a housing wall is provided between each of the rails described, the wall thickness is advantageously also designed to decrease continuously with increasing distance from the rails, for example according to HEUVER.
  • the thinnest point of the housing wall is arranged essentially centrally between two rails and the neutral phase used for calculating the wall thickness is advantageously arranged at the thinnest point of the housing wall.
  • an articulated housing is required for the above-described axle tube, this is advantageously also formed with a frame or rail structure, this frame structure extending in a bead-like manner, essentially along the outer edges of the housing.
  • a steering eye and / or a wheel hub are provided on the joint housing as integral components of the frame structure.
  • the wall areas between the individual rails of the frame structure are thus advantageously formed with a smaller wall thickness than the rails surrounding them or the integral components of the rails.
  • Such a component is usually cast on over the areas with the largest material accumulation, ie either over the frame structure or also over the area, which contains the wheel hub when material accumulation is required here.
  • the cast component according to the invention is advantageously an axle tube, an axle bridge, a steering housing, a transmission housing, a motor housing, a motor component, a chassis component or any other component for a motor vehicle or also another device, machine or system.
  • a method for producing a cast component described above, in particular a casting method is specified.
  • the casting mold for producing the cast component is fed via at least one essentially conical filling path, which is referred to as the rail, and the sprue takes place on the side of the rail with the larger cross-sectional area.
  • a plurality of rails of a cast component which are arranged essentially parallel to one another, are also filled simultaneously, so that the melt also runs uniformly into the mold via the rails.
  • Add-ons are also an integral part of the at least one rail, directly over the rail with the melt filled. This advantageously results in a relatively uniform filling of the mold and a relatively homogeneous solidification of the heat centers or the areas with high material accumulation in the cast component.
  • the component or the mold for producing the cast component is designed in such a way that when the mold is filled, the melt advantageously does not pass any cracks, no throttling points or kinks.
  • This enables a relatively homogeneous and uniform filling of the component via the filling path or paths.
  • the at least one rail represents a heat center after the casting process, so that the solidification also takes place as homogeneously as possible and begins at the regions of the component that are most distant from the rail.
  • the at least one rail is conical over its length, for example according to HEUVER, so that the solidification of the rail begins at this end of the rail opposite the sprue with the smaller cross-sectional area.
  • the thin-walled housing walls also achieve a more homogeneous nature of the cast component.
  • FIG. 1 shows an axle tube with the rail structure according to the invention in a perspective view
  • FIG. 2 shows the rail structure for the axle tube according to FIG. 1 in a top view
  • FIG. 3 shows the rail structure for the axle tube according to FIG. 1 in a side view
  • FIG. 4 shows the end face of the axle tube according to FIG. 1 in a top view
  • 5 shows the rail structure of the axle tube with sprue funnel
  • 6 shows the rail structure of an articulated housing according to the invention in a perspective representation
  • FIG. 8 shows a joint housing with a rail structure according to FIG. 6 in a view from the outside and
  • An axle tube 1 with the rail structure according to the invention essentially consists of a flange 2 arranged at one end and an axle fist 6 provided at the other end, which are connected to one another by the frame elements or rails 3, 4, 5. Since the axle tube 1 has an essentially cylindrical design, the rails 3, 4, 5 are also arranged essentially parallel to one another. On the upper rail 3 there is a pendulum support 7 and on the two lower rails 4 and 5 spring eyes 9 and an articulated or dressing eye 10 are provided as integral components.
  • the axis fist 6 has at its front outer end two bearing points 8 for receiving an articulated housing.
  • the areas between the rails 3, 4, 5 and the two end boundaries, flange 2 and axis fist 6, are sealed by means of a housing wall 11.
  • the rails 3, 4, 5 are arranged along the load paths and thus take over the essential ones on the housing acting loads and forces.
  • the housing wall 11 thus has an essentially sealing function, for example in order to make an interior of the housing oil-tight.
  • the rails 3, 4, 5 (FIG. 2) are arranged essentially axially parallel to one another and extend almost over the entire length of the axle tube from the flange 2 to the axle fist 6.
  • the rails 3, 4, 5 are conical in their longitudinal extent, as shown by the cone 12 sy bolically.
  • the sprue side 13 is provided on the right-hand side in the image plane with the larger diameter of the cone 12, so that the rails are optimally fed from right to left during the filling process. Since the rails do not ideally have a straight longitudinal axis, but soft transitions and curves, large radii and no jumps, no throttling points or kinks, the rails are almost optimally designed in terms of casting technology.
  • the rails 3, 5 also run essentially parallel to one another in the side view shown in FIG. 3.
  • the cone-shaped taper of the rails in the direction of the axis fist 6 is indicated by the circles 14 shown from the -angus side 13, near the flange 2.
  • the circles 14 can be tapered, for example, according to HEUVER.
  • the rails 3, 4, 5 in the geometric arrangement shown represent a design of the rail structure according to the invention which is optimized in terms of function, strength, production and costs. After filling the rails 3, 4, 5 designed as filling paths, distributed the melt evenly on the housing wall 11 connected to the rails.
  • the housing wall 11 is also in the areas essentially tapered between the individual rails, which is symbolically represented by the HEUVER circles 14.
  • the flange 2 is then also supplied with melt via the housing wall 11.
  • the rails 3, 4, 5 can be filled, for example, via the sprue funnels 16, 17, 18 shown, which are provided on the sprue side 13 near the flange 2.
  • An articulated housing 19 for connection to an axle tube 1, as described in the previous figures, consists for example of a frame structure 20 which extends essentially on the outer edges of the articulated housing 19 and thus, according to the invention, the function or Strength of the joint housing 19 optimized.
  • a steering eye 21, a steering stop 22 and also a wheel hub 23, for example, are integrally connected to the frame structure 20 as integral components of the frame structure 20.
  • the cross-sectional area or the width-height ratio of the individual rails, as used in the frame structure 20, is preferably essentially 1: 1 to 1: 2.
  • the classic rib structure for cast components with a width-to-height ratio of greater than 1: 4 is advantageously avoided.
  • the areas between the rails of the bead-like frame structure 20 are defined, for example, by the housing wall 24 is formed with a smaller wall thickness than the surrounding rails of the frame structure 20, provided that the loads or the strength requirements of the joint housing 19 permit this.
  • the pivot bearings 25, 26 are provided for connection to the bearing points of the axis fist 6.
  • the wheel hub 23 (FIG. 8) is provided with a bore for casting or manufacturing reasons. Due to the function and strength-related high material accumulation of the wheel hub 23, this area is made more solid than the other existing housing walls 24. Therefore, the sprue for the production of the joint housing 19 can take place in the area of the wheel hub 23 and from there the frame or rail structure 20 fill with liquid melt.
  • axle tube 1 and joint housing 19 for example, one half of an axle bridge 30 (FIG. 9) can be produced.
  • the flange 2 of the axle tube 1 is then connected to a differential housing 27, for example.
  • the joint housing 19 is mounted on the axle fist.
  • a steering cylinder 28 is connected to the steering eye 21 of the joint housing 19 via a steering and track rod 29.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

Pièce coulée (1) à structure de cadre porteur et procédé de fabrication de ladite pièce (1). Selon la présente invention, la structure de cadre est composée d'au moins un élément cadre, par exemple un rail (3, 4, 5), ledit rail (3, 4, 5) s'étendant le long d'au moins un trajet de charge et / ou d'un trajet de remplissage de la pièce (1). Ce rail (3, 4, 5) possède en outre une aire de section transversale dont le rapport hauteur / largeur est de 1/1 à 1/4, et le rail (3, 4, 5) ainsi que les zones de paroi (11) reliées d'un seul tenant au rail (3, 4, 5) possèdent une forme essentiellement conique.
PCT/EP2004/008149 2003-08-08 2004-07-21 Piece coulee et procede de fabrication de ladite piece Ceased WO2005016576A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10336470.6 2003-08-08
DE2003136470 DE10336470A1 (de) 2003-08-08 2003-08-08 Gussbauteil und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2005016576A1 true WO2005016576A1 (fr) 2005-02-24

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PCT/EP2004/008149 Ceased WO2005016576A1 (fr) 2003-08-08 2004-07-21 Piece coulee et procede de fabrication de ladite piece

Country Status (2)

Country Link
DE (1) DE10336470A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2005016576A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3421843A1 (fr) 2017-06-27 2019-01-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Porte-satellites, procédé de coulée et engrenage planétaire

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102013206289B4 (de) * 2013-04-10 2021-07-08 Boge Elastmetall Gmbh Pendelstütze
WO2021144268A1 (fr) * 2020-01-16 2021-07-22 Man Energy Solutions Se Élément coulé

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0549141A2 (fr) * 1991-11-29 1993-06-30 Alloy Wheels International Ltd Moule à fondre pour une roue moulée pour véhicules et procédé de fabrication respectif
DE19648213A1 (de) * 1996-11-21 1998-05-28 Zahnradfabrik Friedrichshafen Herstellungsverfahren von Achsbrückengehäusen
EP0928713A2 (fr) * 1998-01-09 1999-07-14 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Carter de différentiel arrière pour véhicule automobile
DE10029189A1 (de) * 2000-06-19 2001-12-20 Fischer Georg Fahrzeugtech Querlenker einer Radaufhängung
EP1440820A2 (fr) * 2003-01-27 2004-07-28 ArvinMeritor Technology, LLC Ensemble de poutre d'essieu avant dirigeable

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IT1141681B (it) * 1980-06-03 1986-10-08 Necchi Spa Procedimento per la produzione in serie di elementi di macchine con gabbie di protezione connesse ad essi con un'unica operazione di fusinone
DE19819508A1 (de) * 1998-04-30 1999-11-04 Siemens Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung eines mehrwandigen Druckgehäuses
DE19912329A1 (de) * 1999-03-19 2000-09-21 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Gußbauteil aus Leichtmetall
DE10136915A1 (de) * 2001-07-30 2003-02-13 Friedr Flender Gmbh A Getriebegehäuse für das Getriebe einer Wälzmühle und ein Gießmodell für das Getriebegehäuse

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0549141A2 (fr) * 1991-11-29 1993-06-30 Alloy Wheels International Ltd Moule à fondre pour une roue moulée pour véhicules et procédé de fabrication respectif
DE19648213A1 (de) * 1996-11-21 1998-05-28 Zahnradfabrik Friedrichshafen Herstellungsverfahren von Achsbrückengehäusen
EP0928713A2 (fr) * 1998-01-09 1999-07-14 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Carter de différentiel arrière pour véhicule automobile
DE10029189A1 (de) * 2000-06-19 2001-12-20 Fischer Georg Fahrzeugtech Querlenker einer Radaufhängung
EP1440820A2 (fr) * 2003-01-27 2004-07-28 ArvinMeritor Technology, LLC Ensemble de poutre d'essieu avant dirigeable

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3421843A1 (fr) 2017-06-27 2019-01-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Porte-satellites, procédé de coulée et engrenage planétaire
CN109139885A (zh) * 2017-06-27 2019-01-04 弗兰德有限公司 行星架，铸造方法和行星传动装置
CN109139885B (zh) * 2017-06-27 2021-07-02 弗兰德有限公司 行星架，铸造方法和行星传动装置
US11181188B2 (en) 2017-06-27 2021-11-23 Flender Gmbh Planetary carrier, casting method and planetary gearing

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