WO2005017582A1 - 光ファイバおよびその製造方法 - Google Patents
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- WO2005017582A1 WO2005017582A1 PCT/JP2004/011625 JP2004011625W WO2005017582A1 WO 2005017582 A1 WO2005017582 A1 WO 2005017582A1 JP 2004011625 W JP2004011625 W JP 2004011625W WO 2005017582 A1 WO2005017582 A1 WO 2005017582A1
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- Prior art keywords
- optical fiber
- glass
- core
- tellurite
- holes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
- C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
- C03B37/012—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments
- C03B37/01205—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments starting from tubes, rods, fibres or filaments
- C03B37/01211—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments starting from tubes, rods, fibres or filaments by inserting one or more rods or tubes into a tube
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
- C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
- C03B37/012—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments
- C03B37/01205—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments starting from tubes, rods, fibres or filaments
- C03B37/01211—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments starting from tubes, rods, fibres or filaments by inserting one or more rods or tubes into a tube
- C03B37/0122—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments starting from tubes, rods, fibres or filaments by inserting one or more rods or tubes into a tube for making preforms of photonic crystal, microstructured or holey optical fibres
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
- C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
- C03B37/012—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments
- C03B37/01265—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments starting entirely or partially from molten glass, e.g. by dipping a preform in a melt
- C03B37/01268—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments starting entirely or partially from molten glass, e.g. by dipping a preform in a melt by casting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
- C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
- C03B37/02—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by drawing or extruding, e.g. direct drawing of molten glass from nozzles; Cooling fins therefor
- C03B37/025—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by drawing or extruding, e.g. direct drawing of molten glass from nozzles; Cooling fins therefor from reheated softened tubes, rods, fibres or filaments, e.g. drawing fibres from preforms
- C03B37/027—Fibres composed of different sorts of glass, e.g. glass optical fibres
- C03B37/02781—Hollow fibres, e.g. holey fibres
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C13/00—Fibre or filament compositions
- C03C13/04—Fibre optics, e.g. core and clad fibre compositions
- C03C13/048—Silica-free oxide glass compositions
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02214—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating tailored to obtain the desired dispersion, e.g. dispersion shifted, dispersion flattened
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02214—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating tailored to obtain the desired dispersion, e.g. dispersion shifted, dispersion flattened
- G02B6/02219—Characterised by the wavelength dispersion properties in the silica low loss window around 1550 nm, i.e. S, C, L and U bands from 1460-1675 nm
- G02B6/02276—Dispersion shifted fibres, i.e. zero dispersion at 1550 nm
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02295—Microstructured optical fibre
- G02B6/02314—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes
- G02B6/02319—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes characterised by core or core-cladding interface features
- G02B6/02333—Core having higher refractive index than cladding, e.g. solid core, effective index guiding
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02295—Microstructured optical fibre
- G02B6/02314—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes
- G02B6/02319—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes characterised by core or core-cladding interface features
- G02B6/02338—Structured core, e.g. core contains more than one material, non-constant refractive index distribution in core, asymmetric or non-circular elements in core unit, multiple cores, insertions between core and clad
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02295—Microstructured optical fibre
- G02B6/02314—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes
- G02B6/02342—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes characterised by cladding features, i.e. light confining region
- G02B6/02347—Longitudinal structures arranged to form a regular periodic lattice, e.g. triangular, square, honeycomb unit cell repeated throughout cladding
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02295—Microstructured optical fibre
- G02B6/02314—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes
- G02B6/02342—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes characterised by cladding features, i.e. light confining region
- G02B6/02361—Longitudinal structures forming multiple layers around the core, e.g. arranged in multiple rings with each ring having longitudinal elements at substantially the same radial distance from the core, having rotational symmetry about the fibre axis
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02295—Microstructured optical fibre
- G02B6/02314—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes
- G02B6/02342—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes characterised by cladding features, i.e. light confining region
- G02B6/02366—Single ring of structures, e.g. "air clad"
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02295—Microstructured optical fibre
- G02B6/02314—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes
- G02B6/02342—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes characterised by cladding features, i.e. light confining region
- G02B6/02371—Cross section of longitudinal structures is non-circular
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
- G02B6/03616—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference
- G02B6/03622—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 2 layers only
- G02B6/03627—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 2 layers only arranged - +
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
- G02B6/03616—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference
- G02B6/03638—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 3 layers only
- G02B6/03644—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 3 layers only arranged - + -
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B2201/00—Type of glass produced
- C03B2201/06—Doped silica-based glasses
- C03B2201/30—Doped silica-based glasses doped with metals, e.g. Ga, Sn, Sb, Pb or Bi
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B2201/00—Type of glass produced
- C03B2201/60—Silica-free oxide glasses
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B2201/00—Type of glass produced
- C03B2201/80—Non-oxide glasses or glass-type compositions
- C03B2201/86—Chalcogenide glasses, i.e. S, Se or Te glasses
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B2203/00—Fibre product details, e.g. structure, shape
- C03B2203/10—Internal structure or shape details
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B2203/00—Fibre product details, e.g. structure, shape
- C03B2203/10—Internal structure or shape details
- C03B2203/12—Non-circular or non-elliptical cross-section, e.g. planar core
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B2203/00—Fibre product details, e.g. structure, shape
- C03B2203/10—Internal structure or shape details
- C03B2203/14—Non-solid, i.e. hollow products, e.g. hollow clad or with core-clad interface
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B2203/00—Fibre product details, e.g. structure, shape
- C03B2203/10—Internal structure or shape details
- C03B2203/14—Non-solid, i.e. hollow products, e.g. hollow clad or with core-clad interface
- C03B2203/16—Hollow core
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B2203/00—Fibre product details, e.g. structure, shape
- C03B2203/10—Internal structure or shape details
- C03B2203/22—Radial profile of refractive index, composition or softening point
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B2203/00—Fibre product details, e.g. structure, shape
- C03B2203/42—Photonic crystal fibres, e.g. fibres using the photonic bandgap PBG effect, microstructured or holey optical fibres
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B2205/00—Fibre drawing or extruding details
- C03B2205/10—Fibre drawing or extruding details pressurised
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02004—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating characterised by the core effective area or mode field radius
- G02B6/02028—Small effective area or mode field radius, e.g. for allowing nonlinear effects
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02214—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating tailored to obtain the desired dispersion, e.g. dispersion shifted, dispersion flattened
- G02B6/02219—Characterised by the wavelength dispersion properties in the silica low loss window around 1550 nm, i.e. S, C, L and U bands from 1460-1675 nm
- G02B6/02252—Negative dispersion fibres at 1550 nm
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- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02214—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating tailored to obtain the desired dispersion, e.g. dispersion shifted, dispersion flattened
- G02B6/02219—Characterised by the wavelength dispersion properties in the silica low loss window around 1550 nm, i.e. S, C, L and U bands from 1460-1675 nm
- G02B6/02266—Positive dispersion fibres at 1550 nm
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- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
- G02B6/03616—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference
- G02B6/03622—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 2 layers only
- G02B6/03633—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 2 layers only arranged - -
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an optical fiber made of tellurite glass having high nonlinearity in which a zero dispersion wavelength is controlled in a communication wavelength band, and a method for manufacturing the same. More specifically, the present invention relates to an optical fiber having a zero-dispersion wavelength in the optical communication wavelength band of 1.2.7-17 zm by designing the refractive index, structure, and material of the tellurite glass fiber. It relates to the manufacturing method. Background art
- the amount of nonlinear optical effects generated in an optical fiber is proportional to the nonlinear optical constant ⁇ .
- the nonlinear optical constant ⁇ is between the effective core area ⁇ and the nonlinear refractive index n.
- the area A is given by the following formula (for example, see Non-Patent Document 1) (
- the zero-dispersion wavelength of the optical fiber must be 1.2 x ml. 7 xm so as to satisfy the phase matching condition. Don't be.
- the zero material dispersion wavelength is about 1. It is difficult to greatly shift the zero material dispersion wavelength by an additive. Therefore, by optimizing the structural parameters of the optical fiber, the chromatic dispersion value in the 1.55 xm band is brought close to zero. reference).
- PCF photonic crystal fiber
- HF holey fiber
- Tellurite Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier
- Tellurite is tellurite glass mainly composed of TeO.
- Tellurite EDFA, Tellurah is tellurite glass mainly composed of TeO.
- tellurite-made erbium-doped optical fiber made by adding erbium to a glass-based glass, and is an amplifier that amplifies light by guiding the inside of this optical fiber for several tens of meters.
- this tellurite EDFA can be amplified by conventional quartz EDFA and fluoride EDFA 1. 53 111 and others 1. 53 zm force 1. 61 wider than the wavelength band up to 1.56 xm It becomes possible to amplify the wavelength band up to xm in a lump (see Non-Patent Document 1).
- an amplifier with a wavelength of 1.6 zm band can be manufactured (see Non-Patent Document 4). Therefore, tellurite EDFA is attracting attention as an EDFA for future ultra-high capacity WDM systems.
- the cross section of an optical fiber 4 for a conventional optical amplifier made of tellurite glass has a circular core 1 at the center, a clad 2 covering the periphery concentrically, and further It consists of a jacket 3 covering the circumference concentrically.
- Figure 2 shows the refractive index profile of this optical fiber 4.
- the difference between the refractive index of core 1 and the refractive index of clad 2 is ⁇ 1
- the difference between the refractive index of core 1 and the refractive index of jacket 3 is ⁇ 3
- the refractive index of clad 2 and jacket 3 are Assuming that the difference in refractive index is ⁇ 2, ⁇ 1 is much larger than ⁇ 2, so light is strongly confined in the core 1.
- an additive or the like is added to the core 1, so that the refractive index of the core 1 is clad.
- the dispersion can be controlled to some extent by changing the refractive index of the core 1 and the diameter of the core 1.
- the diameter of the core 1 is increased, the single mode condition is not satisfied, and a multimode optical fiber having a plurality of modes is formed, and the transmission characteristics deteriorate.
- the diameter of core 1 is reduced, the connection with other devices cannot be matched. For these reasons, the conventional optical fiber made of tellurite glass cannot have a wide dispersion control range.
- the chromatic dispersion value in the 1.55 zm band of a high NA (Numerical Aperture) fiber used for an optical amplifier is usually about _100 ps / km / nm. Therefore, even when an optical fiber is used with a length of about 10 m, the chromatic dispersion value becomes a large value of about -IpsZnm.
- the chromatic dispersion value of the optical fiber is the above wavelength band as described above. Therefore, even if the optimization method using the well-known structural dispersion used in the silica fiber is used, In an optical fiber made of glass, the chromatic dispersion value does not become zero in the 1.55 zm band.
- the PCF (or HF) described above is classified into two types according to the wave guiding principle.
- One of them is a photonic bandgap PCF in which light is confined by a photonic bandgap.
- the PCF has a structure having a periodic hole arrangement and a uniform hole size.
- the other is a refractive index guided PCF that confines light by total reflection obtained from the effective refractive index of a medium with holes.
- This refractive index waveguide type PCF has a structure that does not necessarily have a periodic hole arrangement and a uniform hole size.
- the refractive index difference can be increased by an order of magnitude or more compared to conventional optical fibers, and a large structural dispersion can be obtained. Due to this structural dispersion, the zero-dispersion wavelength shifts to the shorter wavelength side in PCF or HF made of quartz.
- Non-Patent Document 6 MJ Gander et al. Experimentally measured the dispersion characteristics of an optical fiber made of silica glass with a core part without holes and a cladding part with holes arranged in a hexagon. Disclosed the results. According to this document, the dispersion value in the 813nm band was about _77psZkmZnm.
- Non-Patent Document 7 use an optical fiber made of a single material. It calculates the dispersion of PCF and advocates the effect of PCF dispersion compensation.
- the PCF structure or the HF structure is expected as one of the dispersion compensation methods for optical fibers using tellurite glass.
- Patent Document 1 N.G.R. Broderick et al. Disclosed a fiber in which a PCF structure or an HF structure is formed using multicomponent glass. According to this document, there is a description of tenolelite glass as an example of multi-component glass, and NaO, Li0, AlO, Ca
- Non-Patent Document 8 ESHu et al. Disclosed a fiber in which a PCF structure or an HF structure was designed using tellurite glass and the zero-dispersion wavelength was shifted to 1.55 zm. According to this document, three different PCF structures or HF structures are formed using tellurite glass with a zero material dispersion wavelength of 1.7 / m, and the zero dispersion wavelength is 1.55 / m in each structure. It is shown that the shift is possible. However, in the fiber disclosed in Non-Patent Document 8, the nonlinear susceptibility of the tellurite glass used is low, and the zero material dispersion wavelength is 1.7 ⁇ . Is not sufficient, so a sufficiently large nonlinearity cannot be obtained (the reported nonlinear constant ⁇ was 260 W— ⁇ m— 1 at the maximum).
- an optical fiber 8 is composed of a core 5 and a clad 6 made of tellurite glass to be used for optical amplification such as a Raman amplifier (for example, (See Non-Patent Document 9).
- the limit of gain on the long wavelength side in the tellurite EDFA is increased by 79 nm compared to the quartz EDFA and the fluoride EDFA. For this reason, it is possible to realize an amplifier in a wavelength of 1.6 xm band that could not be used conventionally (see Non-Patent Document 4, for example). Therefore, Tellurite EDFA will be used in future ultra-high capacity WDM transmission systems. It has been attracting attention as an EDFA.
- Fibers using tellurite glass have been applied to Er 3+ doped fiber amplifiers and Raman amplifiers to achieve wideband amplification (see Non-Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 8).
- Tellurite glass has a nonlinear optical effect that is more than 10 times greater than quartz glass, and at the same time realizes a low-loss fiber with a loss of 20 dB / km when applied to a Raman amplifier.
- tellurite glass has broadband optical amplification characteristics and high transparency. It has a large optical nonlinear susceptibility ⁇ 3 (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 5). Therefore, an unprecedented compact and highly efficient nonlinear device can be expected.
- the optical fiber made of tellurite glass is a communication wavelength band because the wavelength at which the material dispersion becomes zero is located in a longer wavelength band than 2 ⁇ m. It is difficult to satisfy the phase matching condition between light and pump light, and it is difficult to use nonlinearity more actively.
- an optical fiber made of tellurite glass used for an optical amplifier has a wavelength dispersion value of about ⁇ 100 ps / km / nm at a wavelength of 1.55 ⁇ .
- Non-patent Documents 10 and 11 an extrusion method has been reported as a production method of a photonic crystal fiber or holey fiber made of an oxide glass other than quartz glass.
- the produced bulk glass is heated to a high temperature until it has a deformable viscosity, and is extruded into a mold to produce a base material having pores.
- the fiber loss values described in Non-Patent Document 10 and Non-Patent Document 11 both exceed lOOOdBZkm and are used as practical devices. A fiber with loss can be obtained.
- Patent Document 1 EP1313676, US 2003/0161599 "Holy optical fiber of non-silica based glass Victoria University
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-149464
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-356719
- Non-Patent Document 1 A. Mori, Y. Ohishi, M. Yamada, H. Ono, Y. Nishida, K. Oikawa, and S. Sudo, 1.5 ⁇ m broadband amplification by tellurite-based DFAs, m OF 97, 1997, Paper PD1.
- Non-Patent Document 2 Akihiro Kawakami, Kazuo Shiraishi, Masaharu Ohashi, "Optical fiber and fiber type device", Baifukan, P97
- Non-Patent Document 3 A. Bjarklev, et al., "Photo Crystal Fibers The State of The Art", Holy fibers Symposium vol.1.1, ECOC2002
- Non-Patent Document 4 A. Mori, Y. Ohishi, M. Yamada, H. Ono and S. Sudo, "Broadband amplification characteristics of tellurite-based EDFAs, mECOC '97, vol.3, 1997, Paper We2C4, pp. 135- 138
- Non-patent document 5 S.Kim T.Yoko and S Sakka, "Linear and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Te02Glass", J. Am. Ceram. So, Vol.76, No.10, pp.2486-2490, 1993
- Reference 6 MJGander, R. McBride, JDC Jones, D. Mogilevtsev, TABirks,
- Non-Patent Document 7 TABirks , D. Mogilevtsev, JC Knight, P. St. J. Russell 'Dispersion compensation using single-material fibers "Opt. Lett. 22, 1997, pp. 961-963
- Non-Patent Document 8 ECOC2002 Nonlinerity-Parametric Amplifiers 3.2.3 Mud esign of
- Non-Patent Document 9 "Journal of Lightwave Technology", 2003, Vol. 21, No. 5, p.1300-1306
- Non-Patent Document 10 P. Petropoulos, et al, Soliton-self-frequency-shift effects and pulse compression in an anomalously dispersive high nonlinearity lead silicate holy fiber ", PD3-1, OFC2003
- Non-Patent Document 11 V.V.Ravi Kanth Kunth, et al., "Tellurite glass photonic crystal fiber” PD3 ECOC2003
- Non-Patent Document 12 Gorachand Ghosh, "Sellmeier Coefficients and Chromatic
- Non-Patent Document 13 Photonics Technology Letters ", 1999, Vol. 11, ⁇ . ⁇ , ⁇ .674-676
- Non-patent document 15 Govind P. Agrawal, "Nolinear Fiber Optics, 2nd edition, Academic Press, pp.42-43
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems in the prior art, and a first object thereof is to avoid the influence of material dispersion and to perform optical signal processing using nonlinearity. It is an object of the present invention to provide an optical fiber made of tellurite glass having high non-linearity that can achieve a wide range of zero dispersion in a communication wavelength band.
- a second object of the present invention is a low-loss and high-efficiency optical fiber using tellurite glass, in which the zero-dispersion wavelength is controlled in the communication wavelength band 1.2-1-1.7 zm band. It is to provide a manufacturing method.
- the zero-material dispersion wavelength shifts to a longer wavelength. Shifting the zero-dispersion wavelength to the communication wavelength band by strong confinement of the PCF structure or HF structure is effective for nonlinear fiber applications.
- the zero material dispersion wavelength is not less 2 xm more, tellurite glass having sufficient thermal stability to the nonlinear susceptibility chi 3 processing into 1 ⁇ 10_ 12 esu or higher and Kogu low loss fiber It was shown that the above-mentioned problems due to the prior art can be solved by adopting a strong confinement in the core region, a PCF structure, or an HF structure in an optical fiber using the optical fiber.
- the zero-dispersion wavelength can be controlled within the communication wavelength band (1.2—1.7 / im) by the spacing between adjacent vacancies, and the nonlinearity must be greater than the ⁇ force SSOOW ⁇ knT 1 I found.
- an optical fiber according to the first aspect of the present invention is an optical fiber that propagates light used in optical fiber communication or an optical device, and is at least an optical fiber.
- the core region is made of tellurite glass with a zero-material dispersion wavelength of 2 ⁇ m or more, and the zero-dispersion wavelength is set to 1 by arranging holes in the optical fiber so as to confine light in the center of the optical fiber. 2-1. Control the belt.
- a region having an area 0.1 to 5 times ⁇ ⁇ 2 is provided at the center of the optical fiber, and the region By arranging vacancies in the entire area of the cross section of the optical fiber except for or in a position surrounding the area, the area becomes the core that confines light.
- the tellurite glass having a zero material dispersion wavelength of 2 ⁇ or more, Te
- M is at least one alkali element of Li Na K Rb Cs
- N is at least one of B La Ga Al Y
- Q is at least one of P Nb
- the tellurite material glass has Ce 3+ Pr 3+ Nd 3+ P m 3+ Sm 3+ Eu 3+ Tb 3+ Dy 3+ Ho 3+ Er 3+ Tm 3+ Yb as rare earth ions. Add at least one selected from 3+ .
- an optical fiber according to a second aspect of the present invention is an optical fiber made of tellurite glass, and is disposed so as to surround the core region and the core region.
- a first clad portion having a plurality of air holes along the axial direction of the core region in the circumferential direction of the core region, and a first clad portion disposed so as to surround the first clad portion.
- a second cladding portion having a refractive index substantially equal to the equivalent refractive index of the head portion.
- a plurality of holes in the first cladding portion are formed at regular intervals along the circumferential direction of the core region.
- a plurality of holes in the first cladding part are formed in the radial direction of the first cladding part.
- the inside of the hole of the first cladding part is filled with a material having a refractive index lower than that of the second cladding part.
- the refractive index of the core region is higher than the refractive index of the material of the first cladding part.
- tellurite glass having a refractive index different from that of the tellurite glass is loaded in the central portion serving as the core.
- the relative refractive index difference between the core region and the first cladding portion is 2% or more.
- a hole is provided in the center of the region to be the core.
- the holes formed outside the region to be the core are arranged in any of a triangular lattice shape, a quadrangular lattice shape, or a honeycomb shape.
- the holes have a cylindrical shape, an elliptical column shape, or a polygonal column shape.
- the number of holes formed outside the core region is three, and the diameter of the core region is 0.6-6.5 / im.
- the number of holes is four, and the diameter of the core region is 0 ⁇ 6 ⁇ 5 ⁇ .
- an optical fiber manufacturing method is a tellurite glass having a zero material dispersion wavelength of 2 ⁇ or more, and
- M is at least one alkali element of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs
- N is at least one of B, La, Ga, Al, Y
- Q is at least of P, Nb Have one or more types
- Tellurite glass (hereinafter referred to as the tellurite glass specified in the present invention) is at least a core material, and a tellurite glass melt is injected and molded into a mold in which a plurality of convex portions are formed on the inner wall.
- the first step of making the base material and the first step A second step of inserting a glass base material into a cylindrical jacket tube made of tellurite glass and drawing a pressure so as to maintain or expand a gap in the gap between the glass base material and the jacket tube. .
- an optical fiber manufacturing method includes an optical fiber having at least a core material as the tellurite glass specified in the present invention, and an inner wall.
- a glass base material made of tellurite glass is injected, and the core glass is sucked into a conical shape by volume shrinkage of the clad glass.
- an optical fiber manufacturing method includes an optical fiber using the tellurite glass specified in the present invention as at least a core material, and an inner side of an inner wall.
- a glass melt of core glass made of tellurite glass is injected, volume shrinkage of the clad glass, and the clad glass flows out from the hole, thereby producing a glass base material in which the core glass is sucked into a conical shape.
- the glass base material produced in the second step is inserted into a cylindrical jacket tube made of tellurite glass to maintain or enlarge the gap between the glass base material and the jacket tube.
- a third step of drawing a pressure line is performed.
- vacuum deaeration is performed from the hole so that the clad glass flows out.
- a method for manufacturing an optical fiber according to a sixth aspect of the present invention includes an optical fiber using at least the tellurite glass specified in the present invention as a core material.
- a glass melt made of light glass is poured into a mold to form a cylindrical glass block, and holes are formed by drilling in the longitudinal direction of the glass block produced in the first process.
- the second process for producing the glass base material, and the second process The manufactured glass base material is inserted into a cylindrical jacket tube made of tellurite glass, and is provided with a third step of pressing a pressure line bow so as to maintain or expand the pores.
- a method for manufacturing an optical fiber according to a seventh aspect of the present invention includes an optical fiber using at least the above-mentioned tellurite glass specified in the present invention as a core material.
- a glass melt made of light glass is poured from the base into a mold having a cylindrical rod-shaped pin on the inside, and IJ is placed on the bottom of the mold, and the jig is pulled out to create a base material with holes.
- the optical fiber according to the first aspect of the present invention is an optical fiber that propagates light used in optical fiber communication or an optical device, and at least a core region of the optical fiber is 2 ⁇ m or more. It is made of highly nonlinear tellurite glass with a zero-material dispersion wavelength, and by arranging holes in the optical fiber so as to confine light at the center of the optical fiber, light propagates in the core region, and due to structural dispersion
- the zero-material dispersion wavelength can be controlled in the 1.2-2.1.7 / im band, and a high nonlinear constant can be obtained. Therefore, it is possible to provide an optical fiber which is a compact and highly efficient nonlinear device.
- an optical fiber excluding the region is provided with a region having an area 0.1 to 5 times the center ⁇ 2 of the optical fiber.
- TeO and BiO are essential components for imparting high nonlinearity.
- Ce 3+ , Pr 3+ , Nd 3+ , Pm 3+ , Sm 3+ , Eu 3+ , Tb 3+ , Dy 3+ , Ho 3+ , Er are used as tellurite glass materials.
- 3+ , Tm 3+ , and Yb 3+ it is possible to impart non-linearity as well as characteristics such as filtering effects due to optical amplification and absorption.
- the optical fiber is an optical fiber made of tellurite glass.
- the optical fiber is disposed so as to surround the core region and the hole along the axial direction of the core region.
- a plurality of first clad portions extending in the circumferential direction, and a second clad portion disposed so as to surround the first clad portion and having a refractive index substantially equal to the equivalent refractive index of the first clad portion. Therefore, it becomes a highly nonlinear tellurite fiber that can realize broadband zero dispersion in the communication wavelength band.
- the number of holes can be reduced, a highly accurate optical fiber can be easily manufactured at low cost.
- the mechanical strength of the entire optical fiber is improved. Furthermore, in the process of drawing the optical fiber from the preform that is the base material of the optical fiber, when the air hole is filled with air, it becomes easy to keep the shape of the air hole constant, and the manufacturing quality is improved. Further, light scattering loss can be reduced as compared with the case where air is filled in the holes.
- the holes are arranged in a triangular lattice shape, a quadrangular lattice shape, or a honeycomb shape, the light is concentrated on the core surrounded by the holes, and the light passes through the core. Propagate. Therefore, it is not necessary to manufacture the optical fiber with high accuracy, so that the manufacturing cost can be reduced.
- the holes have a cylindrical shape, an elliptical column shape, or a polygonal column shape, the light concentrates on the core and the light propagates in the core. Therefore, optical fiber is manufactured with high accuracy. Since it is not necessary to manufacture, the manufacturing cost can be suppressed.
- the thermal stability is excellent with a nonlinear susceptibility ( ⁇ 3 ) of 30 times or more compared to quartz glass.
- a tellurite glass composition a glass base material is produced by injection molding. Compared to the conventional extrusion method, the time required for heating the glass base material is shorter. In addition, the zero dispersion can be shifted to the optical communication wavelength band of 1.2-1. This makes it possible to provide an optical fiber that is a compact and highly efficient nonlinear device.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a conventional tellurite glass optical fiber.
- FIG. 2 is a refraction distribution diagram of the optical fiber shown in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a radial sectional view showing a schematic structure of an example of a conventional optical fiber.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of an optical fiber according to Example 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing a zero dispersion region in the optical fiber according to Example 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing chromatic dispersion characteristics of the optical fiber according to Example 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is an electrolytic distribution diagram showing an electric field state around the core in the optical fiber according to Example 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 8A is a cross-sectional view of an optical fiber according to Example 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 8B is an enlarged view of the main part of FIG. 8A.
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing chromatic dispersion characteristics of the optical fiber according to Example 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 10A is a cross-sectional view of an optical fiber according to Example 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 10B is an enlarged view of the main part of FIG. 10A.
- FIG. 11A is a cross-sectional view of an optical fiber according to Example 4 of the present invention.
- FIG. 11B is an enlarged view of the main part of FIG. 11A.
- FIG. 12 is a sectional view of an optical fiber according to Example 5 of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view around the core of an optical fiber according to Example 6 of the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view around the core of an optical fiber according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention.
- FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view around the core of an optical fiber according to Example 8 of the present invention.
- FIG. 16 is a radial sectional view showing a schematic structure of an optical fiber according to Example 9 of the present invention.
- FIG. 17 is a graph showing the equivalent refractive index distribution of the optical fiber of FIG.
- FIG. 18 is a graph showing dispersion characteristics of the optical fiber of FIG.
- FIG. 19 is a graph showing the refractive index distribution of the optical fiber of FIG.
- FIG. 20 is a graph showing a refractive index profile of another example of a conventional optical fiber.
- FIG. 21 is a graph showing a refractive index profile of another example of a conventional optical fiber.
- FIG. 22 is a radial sectional view showing a schematic structure of an optical fiber according to Example 10 of the present invention.
- FIG. 23 is a radial cross-sectional view showing another schematic structure of the optical fiber according to Example 10 of the present invention.
- FIG. 24 is a graph showing the equivalent refractive index distribution and refractive index distribution of the optical fiber according to Example 11 of the present invention.
- FIG. 25 is a radial sectional view showing a schematic structure of an optical fiber according to Example 12 of the invention.
- FIG. 26A is a process diagram showing a first step of a photonic crystal fiber production method according to Example 13 and Example 20 of the invention.
- FIG. 26B is a process diagram showing a second process of the photonic crystal fiber manufacturing method according to Example 13 and Example 20 of the invention.
- FIG. 26C is a process diagram showing a third process of the photonic crystal fiber manufacturing method according to Example 13 and Example 20 of the invention.
- FIG. 26D is a process diagram showing a fourth process of the photonic crystal fiber manufacturing method according to Example 13 and Example 20 of the invention.
- FIG. 26E is a process diagram showing a fifth process of the photonic crystal fiber manufacturing method according to Example 13 and Example 20 of the invention.
- FIG. 27A is a cross-sectional view showing a photonic crystal fiber according to Embodiment 13 of the present invention.
- FIG. 27B is an enlarged view showing the main part of FIG. 27A.
- FIG. 28 is a graph showing dispersion of a photonic crystal fiber according to Example 13 of the present invention.
- FIG. 29 is a graph showing the relationship between the core diameter and the zero dispersion wavelength of a photonic crystal fiber according to Example 13 of the present invention.
- FIG. 30 is a block diagram showing a wavelength converter according to Example 13 of the invention.
- FIG. 31 is a characteristic diagram showing an output spectrum of the wavelength converter in FIG. 30.
- FIG. 32A is a process diagram showing a first process of a method for producing a photonic crystal fiber according to Example 15 of the present invention.
- FIG. 32B is a process diagram showing a second process of the photonic crystal fiber manufacturing method according to Example 15 of the present invention.
- FIG. 32C is a process diagram showing a third process of the photonic crystal fiber manufacturing method according to Example 15 of the present invention.
- FIG. 33 is a cross-sectional view showing a photonic crystal fiber according to Example 15 of the present invention.
- FIG. 34 is a diagram showing a spectrum of supercontinuum light generated in the photonic crystal fiber according to Example 15 of the invention.
- FIG. 35A is a process diagram showing a method for producing a photonic crystal fiber, which is useful for Example 16 of the present invention.
- FIG. 35B is a diagram showing a photonic crystal fiber obtained by the process of FIG. 35A.
- FIG. 36 is a block diagram showing a wavelength tunable pulse light source according to Example 16 of the present invention.
- FIG. 37 is a block diagram showing a parametric optical amplifier according to Example 16 of the present invention.
- FIG. 39A is a process diagram showing a first process of a photonic crystal fiber manufacturing method according to Example 17 of the invention.
- FIG. 39B is a process diagram showing a second process of the photonic crystal fiber manufacturing method according to Example 17 of the present invention.
- FIG. 40A is a cross-sectional view showing a cross section of a photonic crystal fiber according to Example 17 of the present invention.
- FIG. 40B is an enlarged view of the main part of FIG. 40A.
- FIG. 41A is a process diagram showing a method for producing a photonic crystal fiber according to Example 18 of the present invention.
- FIG. 41B is a diagram showing a structure of a main part of the manufacturing apparatus of FIG. 41A.
- FIG. 41C is a diagram showing a photonic crystal fiber obtained by the process of FIG. 41A.
- FIG. 42 is a block diagram showing an optical power one-shot test system according to Example 18 of the present invention.
- FIG. 43A is a process diagram showing a method of producing a photonic crystal fiber, which is effective in Example 19 of the present invention.
- FIG. 43B is a diagram showing a structure of a main part of the manufacturing apparatus of FIG. 43A.
- FIG. 43C shows a photonic crystal fiber obtained by the process of FIG. 43A.
- FIG. 44 is a block diagram showing a nonlinear fiber loop mirror according to Embodiment 19 of the present invention.
- FIG. 45 is a block diagram showing a clock recovery device according to Embodiment 19 of the present invention.
- FIG. 46 is a cross-sectional view showing an optical fiber according to Example 20 of the present invention.
- FIG. 47 is a view showing an optical electric field distribution of an optical fiber according to Example 20 of the present invention.
- FIG. 48 is a graph showing chromatic dispersion of an optical fiber according to Example 20 of the present invention.
- FIG. 49 is a cross-sectional view showing an optical fiber according to Example 21 of the present invention.
- FIG. 50 is a diagram showing the optical electric field distribution of the optical fiber according to Example 21 of the present invention.
- FIG. 51 is a graph showing the chromatic dispersion of the optical fiber according to Example 21 of the present invention.
- FIG. 52 is a sectional view showing an optical fiber according to Example 22 of the present invention.
- FIG. 53 is a diagram showing the optical electric field distribution of the optical fiber according to Example 22 of the present invention.
- FIG. 54 is a graph showing the chromatic dispersion of the optical fiber according to Example 22 of the present invention.
- FIG. 55 is a sectional view showing an optical fiber according to Example 23 of the present invention.
- FIG. 56 is a diagram showing the optical electric field distribution of the optical fiber according to Example 23 of the present invention.
- FIG. 57 is a graph showing the chromatic dispersion of the optical fiber according to Example 23 of the present invention.
- FIG. 58 is a sectional view showing an optical fiber according to Example 24 of the present invention.
- FIG. 59 is a graph showing the chromatic dispersion of the optical fiber in the embodiment 24 of the present invention.
- FIG. 60 is a cross-sectional view showing the optical fiber according to the embodiment 25 of the present invention.
- FIG. 61 is a graph showing the chromatic dispersion of an optical fiber according to Example 25 of the present invention.
- FIG. 62 is a cross-sectional view showing an optical fiber according to Example 26 of the present invention.
- FIG. 63 is a graph showing the chromatic dispersion of the optical fiber according to Example 26 of the present invention.
- FIG. 64] FIG. 64 is a cross-sectional view showing the optical fiber according to Example 27 of the present invention.
- FIG. 65 is a graph showing the chromatic dispersion of the optical fiber according to Example 27 of the present invention.
- FIG. 67 is an enlarged view showing a region that becomes a core of the optical fiber of FIG.
- FIG. 68 is a graph showing a relationship between a zero dispersion wavelength and a core size of an optical fiber according to Example 28 of the present invention.
- FIG. 69 is a cross-sectional view showing an optical fiber according to Example 29 of the present invention.
- FIG. 70 is an enlarged view showing a region that becomes a core of the optical fiber of FIG. 69.
- FIG. 71 is a graph showing a relationship between a zero dispersion wavelength and a core size of an optical fiber according to Example 29 of the present invention.
- FIG. 72 is a cross-sectional view showing an optical fiber according to Example 30 of the present invention.
- FIG. 73 is an enlarged view showing a region that becomes a core of the optical fiber of FIG. 72.
- FIG. 74 is a graph showing a relationship between a zero dispersion wavelength and a core size of an optical fiber according to Example 30 of the present invention.
- FIG. 75 is a cross-sectional view showing an optical fiber according to Example 31 of the present invention.
- FIG. 76 is an enlarged view showing a region that becomes a core of the optical fiber of FIG. 75.
- FIG. 77 is a graph showing a relationship between a zero dispersion wavelength and a core size of an optical fiber according to Example 31 of the present invention.
- a photonic crystal fiber using tellurite glass has a structure in which a plurality of holes having a refractive index of 1 are provided around a portion corresponding to a core, and a zero-dispersion wavelength is emitted. Control to the communication band 1. 2- 1.7 zm band.
- a structure having four holes and supporting a portion corresponding to the core with a cross-shaped clad glass is preferable. By maintaining the symmetry of the structure with an even number of holes, polarization dependence can be reduced.
- the composition of the tellurite glass by appropriately selecting the composition of the tellurite glass, it is sufficiently thermally stable for fiber processing and has a low loss fiber with a high nonlinear constant. Can be produced. Of these, TeO and BiO are used to provide high nonlinearity.
- the tellurite glass material contains Ce 3+ , Pr 3+ , Nd 3+ , Pm 3+ , Sm 3+ , Eu 3+ , Tb 3+ , Dy 3+ as rare earth ions.
- Ce 3+ , Pr 3+ , Nd 3+ , Pm 3+ , Sm 3+ , Eu 3+ , Tb 3+ , Dy 3+ as rare earth ions.
- the glass having a length of 2 minutes has a refractive index n of about 3 ⁇ 4 and a material wavelength dispersion of 1. 2-1
- Non-Patent Document 12 It has a large negative dispersion in the 7 ⁇ m band, and the zero dispersion wavelength is located on the long wavelength side exceeding 2 ⁇ m (for example, see Non-Patent Document 12). Therefore, even if a fiber having a step index type core Z-cladding refractive index profile is produced using tellurite glass, the chromatic dispersion characteristic of the fiber cannot be greatly changed.
- Table 1 shows the measured test results.
- Tx-Tg 90 150 120 1 0 70 80 150 1 0 180 160 150 160 170 150 300 ⁇ 1 0 300 300 ⁇ 300 160 180 140 130 50 nD 1.98 2.07 2.18 2.21 2.23 1.85 2.15 2.2 2,18 2.13 2.1 2.05 2.09 2,03 2.07 2.12 2.11 2.13 2.08 2.12 2.13 2.16 ⁇ 3 ( ⁇ '' 12 ) 0.5 1 1.2 2 2-6 0.6 1.2 2 1,8 1.3 1,2 1.1 1.5 2 1,6 1.4 1.3 1.7 1.5 1,8 1-5 1.6 1,5
- a glass sample was prepared by the following procedure.
- Raw material is mixed in a glove box filled with nitrogen gas, melted at 800-1100 ° C in an oxygen atmosphere using a gold or platinum crucible, and then preheated to 300-400 ° C.
- the melt was poured into it.
- Addition to the fiber requires reheating such as drawing and drawing of the glass base material, so thermal stability is an important factor to achieve a strong fiber with low loss.
- Tellurite glass is generally drawn and drawn at a temperature 30 to 80 ° C higher than the glass transition temperature Tg, so Tx (crystallization temperature) and Tg (glass transition temperature), which are indicators of thermal stability, It is desirable that the temperature is 100 ° C or higher.
- Tx_Tg which is an index of thermal stability
- Tx_Tg which is an index of thermal stability
- No. 6 has a TeO force of Omol% or less
- No. 24 has a TeO force of 0 mol% or more.
- Te 2 O and Bi 2 O are essential components that bring about high nonlinearity in the present embodiment.
- composition examples other than those listed above do not have sufficient thermal stability to be processed into a fiber.
- Tellurite glass is composed of TeO 2 -Bi 2 O _L ⁇ _M ⁇ _Q O
- L is at least one of Zn, Ba, and Mg
- M is at least one of Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs
- Q is at least one of B, La, Ga, Al, and Y
- R is at least one of P and Nb That's it.
- optical fiber according to the present invention examples will be described using examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
- the following example is an optical fiber based on the principle of waveguiding with a photonic band gap structure, a total reflection structure based on the effective refractive index difference between the core and the clad is also provided. Therefore, the optical fiber does not necessarily require strictly the photonic band gap condition and periodicity uniformity.
- FIG. 4 shows a cross section of the optical fiber according to Example 1 of the present invention.
- the optical fiber 10 made of tellurite glass having a zero material dispersion wavelength of 2.08 ⁇ has a large number of circular holes 11. These voids 11 are filled with air. The refractive index of light in these holes 11 is approximately equal to 1, which is the refractive index of light in vacuum.
- the array of the holes 11 is a triangular lattice-like array composed of vertices of a large number of triangles arranged so as to be regularly (periodically) adjacent to each other in the diametrical cross section of the optical fiber 10. .
- These holes 11 have the same structure in the longitudinal direction of the optical fiber 10. In other words, the holes 11 are uniformly arranged in the longitudinal direction rather than the photonic band gap arranged three-dimensionally. Therefore, the cross-section of this optical fiber has the same structure along the longitudinal direction of the optical fiber 10 and is orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the optical fiber 10 if the fluctuation (distortion) of the shape due to the optical fiber 10 fabrication process is ignored.
- the holes are arranged to cross or cross. That is, the air holes 11 arranged in the optical fiber 10 continuously extend in the longitudinal direction of the optical fiber 10 and have the same cut surface even if cut at any location in the longitudinal direction.
- the arrangement of the holes 11 lacks periodicity.
- the region surrounded by the vacancy 11 arranged without periodicity is 0.1 to 5 times larger than the core region ⁇ 2 when the wavelength of light is I and the circumference is ⁇ . is there.
- This area becomes a core 12 where the light is concentrated, and light does not propagate in the radial direction of the optical fiber 10 from that area.
- the optical fiber 10 has a photonic band gap structure having a diffraction grating in which holes 11 are periodically arranged.
- the optical fiber 10 has a core 12 at the center of the optical fiber 10 and a clad 13 made of holes 11 periodically arranged around the core 12.
- the area to be turned that is, the diameter of the core 12 can be changed.
- ⁇ be the interval between adjacent holes
- d be the diameter of the holes.
- the region of zero dispersion is such that ( ⁇ , d) is a straight line connecting (0, 0) and (5, 5), and ( ⁇ , d) is Region B is surrounded by a straight line connecting (2, 0) and (5, 4).
- Point A is in region B, where ( ⁇ , d) is (2.3, 2.0) and is zero dispersion.
- the wavelength at which the dispersion becomes zero changes within the range of 1.3 am to 1.6 x m.
- the distance S between the holes in contact with P and the range of the diameter d of the holes are also within the region B shown in FIG.
- FIG. 6 shows chromatic dispersion characteristics of optical fiber 10 in which point A in FIG. 5, that is, the interval ⁇ between adjacent holes is 2.3 ⁇ m, and the hole diameter d is 2. Ozm. Is shown. As shown in Fig. 6, such an optical fiber 10 has zero dispersion at a wavelength of 1.56 x m.
- Fig. 7 shows the optical electric field distribution around the core of the optical fiber 10 obtained from the optical fiber 10 using the difference method, which is one of the numerical calculation methods.
- the solid line in Fig. 7 is a contour line with every 10% change in electric field. As shown in FIG. 7, the light is confined in the core 12 of the optical fiber 10 in the same manner as a normal optical fiber.
- FIGS. 8A to 8B show cross sections of optical fibers according to Example 2 of the present invention.
- 21 is a hole, the inside is filled with air, and the refractive index is almost equal to 1.
- 22 is tellurite glass having the composition No. 18 in Table 1.
- a large number of holes 21 are arranged in a triangular lattice pattern over the entire cross-section excluding the center.
- Each fiber has an outer diameter of 105 ⁇ and a hole diameter d of 1 6 / im, hole spacing ⁇ is 2.2 / im, the embedded tellurite glass diameter b is 1.5 / im, and the core diameter a through which light propagates is 2.8 ⁇ m.
- Each of the optical fibers containing the 0.5% lower refractive index tellurite had wavelengths of 1.63 xm and 1.58 zm, as shown in Figure 9.
- the effective core area A is 3.7 xm 2 and 3.9 zm 2 respectively, and the nonlinear coefficient ⁇ is 65 (1 ⁇ ⁇ _ eff
- FIG. 10A shows a cross section of an optical fiber according to Example 3 of the present invention.
- 21 is a hole, the inside is filled with air, and the refractive index is approximately equal to 1.
- 22 is tellurite glass having the composition of No. 15 in Table 1.
- a large number of holes 21 are arranged in a triangular lattice pattern in the entire cross section except for the center, and a region 24 serving as a core through which light propagates is provided.
- the fiber outer diameter D is 105 zm.
- the hole diameter d is 1.2 ⁇ m
- the hole interval ⁇ is 1.5 M m
- the core diameter a through which light propagates is 1.
- a near-field image (NFP) and a far-field image (FFP) were observed, and light was confined in the center of the fiber, confirming the formation of a single mode.
- the zero dispersion wavelength ⁇ in this example was 1. If the core diameter & pi is ⁇ , the core area 24 is
- ⁇ (aZ2) 2 It is expressed by ⁇ (aZ2) 2 , and this area is required to be 0.1-5 times the area of ⁇ 2 when the wavelength is ⁇ . 0. If it is less than 1 times, the mode cannot be established and connection with Seiei fiber becomes difficult. If it is more than 5 times, the zero dispersion becomes 1.7 xm or more and multimode propagation occurs.
- FIG. 11A shows a cross section of an optical fiber according to Example 4 of the present invention.
- 44 is a jacket.
- 41 is a hole, and the inside is filled with air, and the refractive index is almost equal to 1.
- 45 is tellurite glass with a zero-material dispersion wavelength of 2.18 zm.
- the outer diameter D of the fiber is 120 / im, and the inner diameter of the hole is 40 / im.
- one side a of a regular rectangle inscribed in the core region shown in FIG. 11B was set to 2 ⁇ 0 ⁇ .
- This area is approximately ⁇ (aZ2) 2 , and this region is required to be 0.1-5 times the area of ⁇ 2 when the wavelength is ⁇ . If it is less than 1 times, the mode cannot be established and it becomes difficult to connect to the silica fiber, and if it is more than 5 times, the zero dispersion becomes 1.7 xm or more and multimode propagation occurs.
- FIG. 12 shows a cross section of an optical fiber according to Example 5 of the present invention.
- the optical fiber 30 made of tellurite glass having a zero material dispersion wavelength of 2 2 ⁇ is arranged in a triangular lattice pattern, that is, in a large number periodically arranged, as in the first embodiment. It has a circular hole 31.
- the arrangement of the holes 31 at the center of the optical fiber 30 lacks periodicity.
- a glass material having a refractive index lower than that of the tellurite glass 33 by ⁇ is embedded in the holes 31.
- the region to be formed is the core 32 through which light is guided. This region is 0.1 to 5 times larger than the core region ⁇ 2 when the wavelength of light is I; and the pi is ⁇ .
- the holes 31 constituting the photonic gap are filled with a material having a refractive index lower than that of the tellurite glass 33, the mechanical strength of the entire optical fiber is increased. Become. Furthermore, as a result of the material filling, in the process of drawing the optical fiber 30 from the preform that is the base material of the optical fiber 30, the shape of the hole 31 is made more constant than when the hole 31 is filled with air. Maintaining and improving manufacturing quality immediately. Further, light scattering loss can be reduced as compared with an optical fiber in which the air holes 31 are filled with air.
- FIG. 13 shows an optical fiber according to Example 6 of the present invention.
- tellurite The optical fiber 40 made of glass is obtained by modifying the arrangement state of the holes 31 included in the optical fiber 30 described in the fifth embodiment.
- the arrangement of the holes 41 in the optical fiber 40 is a square lattice-like arrangement composed of a large number of quadrangular vertices arranged so as to be regularly (periodically) adjacent to each other in the diametrical section of the optical fiber 40. .
- the arrangement of the holes 41 lacks periodicity.
- the holes 41 separated from the center of the optical fiber 40 are arranged periodically, the holes 41 become the cladding 43 that totally reflects light, and the holes 41 arranged without periodicity in the center of the optical fiber 40 are arranged.
- the region surrounded by is a core 42 through which light is guided. This region is 0.1 to 5 times as large as ⁇ ⁇ 2 when the wavelength of light is I; and the circularity is ⁇ .
- the holes 41 are filled with a material having a lower refractive index than that of tellurite glass.
- optical fiber 40 the same operational effects as the optical fiber 30 described in the fifth embodiment can be obtained.
- FIG. 14 shows an optical fiber according to Example 7 of the present invention.
- an optical fiber 50 made of tellurite glass is obtained by modifying the arrangement state of the holes 41 of the optical fiber 40 described in the sixth embodiment.
- the holes 51 in the optical fiber 50 are arranged at vertices of hexagons (honeycombs) arranged so as to be regularly (periodically) adjacent to each other in the diametrical cross section of the optical fiber 50.
- the arrangement of the holes 51 lacks periodicity.
- the clad 53 totally reflects light, and the region surrounded by the holes 51 arranged without periodicity at the center of the optical fiber 50 Becomes the core 52 through which light is guided. This region give a wavelength of light, which is the core area from 0.1 to [pi e 2 5 times the size when the circular constant was [pi.
- the holes 51 are filled with a material having a lower refractive index than that of tellurite glass.
- this optical fiber 50 is the same as the optical fiber 40 described in the sixth embodiment. Has the same effect.
- FIG. 15 shows an optical fiber according to Example 8 of the present invention.
- an optical fiber 60 made of tellurite glass is obtained by modifying the shape of the holes 31 arranged in the optical fiber 30 described in the fifth embodiment.
- the shape of the air holes 61 is a hexagon in the cross section orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the optical fiber 60.
- a large number of holes 61 are arranged in a triangular lattice pattern lj, that is, periodically.
- the arrangement of the holes 71 lacks periodicity.
- the holes 61 separated from the center of the optical fiber 60 are arranged periodically, it becomes a clad 63 that totally reflects the light, and is surrounded by the holes 61 arranged without periodicity at the center of the optical fiber 60.
- the region to be formed becomes the core 62 through which light is guided. This region is the light wavelength, and the core region is 0.1 to 5 times larger than ⁇ ⁇ 2 when the circularity is ⁇ .
- the holes 61 are filled with a material having a refractive index lower than that of tellurite glass.
- the array of holes forming the diffraction grating of the photonic crystal constituting the photonic band gap can be confined in the core so that light does not propagate in the radial direction from the center of the core of the optical fiber.
- a periodic arrangement that is, a regular lattice arrangement.
- the shape of the hole is not limited to a cylinder (circular hole), a triangular column (triangular hole), a square column (square hole), a hexagonal column (hexagonal shape).
- a cylinder circular hole
- triangular column triangular hole
- square column square hole
- hexagonal column hexagonal shape
- the tellurite glass uses the glass according to claim 1 having a zero dispersion wavelength of 2 ⁇ m or more.
- it is effective to use composition ratios other than No. 1 and No. 6 among the glass composition ratios described in Table 1 above, and further, rare earths as in the glass material according to claim 3. It is also effective for added ones.
- 16 is a radial cross-sectional view showing the schematic structure of the optical fiber
- FIG. 17 is a graph showing the equivalent refractive index distribution of the optical fiber of FIG. 16
- FIG. 18 is a graph showing the dispersion characteristics of the optical fiber of FIG.
- FIG. 19 is a graph showing the refractive index distribution of the optical fiber of FIG.
- the equivalent refractive index is a refractive index that substantially acts on light.
- the optical fiber according to Example 9 of the present invention is an optical fiber 100 made of tellurite glass as shown in FIG. 16, and is disposed so as to surround the core portion 101.
- the first clad part 102 having a plurality of circular holes 102a along the axial direction of the core part 101 over the circumferential direction of the core part 101, and the first clad part 102 are disposed so as to surround the first clad part 102.
- a second cladding portion 103 having a refractive index substantially equal to the equivalent refractive index of the first cladding portion 102.
- a plurality (six in this embodiment) of air holes 102a of the first clad portion 102 are formed at a constant interval along the circumferential direction of the core portion 101.
- the air holes 102a of the first clad portion 102 are filled with air, and the refractive index is approximately equal to 1, which is the refractive index of vacuum.
- the relative refractive index difference ( ⁇ ) between the refractive index of the core portion 101 and the equivalent refractive index of the first cladding portion 102 is 2% or more.
- the second clad portion 103 is made of tellurite glass having a composition different from that of the core portion 101 and has a refractive index lower than that of the core portion 101, and is equivalent to the first clad portion 102.
- the refractive index is approximately equal to the refractive index.
- the radius r of the air hole 102a is set to 0.5-1 • 0 / im, and the pitch ⁇ between the air holes 102a is 1 ⁇ 0— 2 ⁇ Designed to be 0 / im and the radius rr of the first cladding ⁇ 102 to be 3 ⁇ m or less.
- the optical fiber 100 maintains the same structure in the axial direction. If the fluctuation of the shape due to the above is ignored, the cross-sectional structure in the radial direction is the same over the entire length in the axial direction, and there is no structure perpendicular or oblique to the axial direction.
- the first clad portion 102 is formed by arranging the holes 102a in a single hexagonal vertex position, and the core in the center portion Since the hole 101a is not formed in the portion 101, the core portion 101 has the highest refractive index, and light is concentrated on the core portion 101 as shown in FIG.
- PCFs photonic crystal fibers
- HFs holey fibers
- PCF and HF are classified into two types based on the wave guiding principle.
- One is a photonic band gap type that confines light by a photonic band gap, and its structure requires strict periodicity and uniform hole size.
- the other is a refractive index waveguide type that confines light by total reflection obtained from the effective refractive index difference of a medium with holes. In its structure, the periodicity is uniform and the hole size is uniform. Is not necessarily required.
- Non-Patent Document 6 the dispersion characteristics of an optical fiber made of quartz glass having a core portion without holes and a cladding portion in which holes are hexagonally arranged in 1J are tested. The result of the measurement is reported.
- the optical fiber reported in Non-Patent Document 6 has a dispersion value of about _77 psZkmZnm at a wavelength of 813 nm.
- PCF optical fiber
- the present inventors have found that the above-described problems can be solved by using an optical fiber using tellurite glass with a PCF or HF structure. That is, as described above, the inventors set the relative refractive index difference ( ⁇ ) between the refractive index of the core portion 101 without the void 102a and the equivalent refractive index of the first cladding portion 102 to 2% or more. And the first By making the equivalent refractive index of the second section 102 and the refractive index of the second cladding section 103 comparable, a broadband zero-dispersion wavelength in the 1.55 / m band, which is the communication wavelength band, can be realized.
- the present inventors have found that the zero dispersion wavelength and the light confinement effect can be controlled in a wide range by the size and interval of the holes 102a. Furthermore, the present inventors made it possible to realize a low refractive index by using tellurite glass having a composition different from that of the tellurite glass used for the core portion 101 for the second cladding portion 103. The present inventors have made it possible to easily manufacture at low cost by not forming holes in the second cladding portion 103.
- Patent Document 2 by forming a hole 122a in an optical fiber 120 made of quartz glass having a core portion 121 and a cladding portion 122, a wavelength 1400 1 800 nm
- a dispersion-compensation type that has a chromatic dispersion of 80 ps / nmZkm or more, and the optical fiber 120 has a core 121 whose diameter is expanded to about 20 ⁇ in order to reduce optical nonlinear characteristics. It has a low ⁇ structure in which the relative refractive index difference ( ⁇ ) between 121 and cladding 122 is 1% or less.
- the optical fiber 100 according to Example 9 of the present invention is intended to achieve high nonlinearity, and has a specific refractive index as shown in FIG.
- the core 101 has a structure that is as small as 12 ⁇ ⁇ . Therefore, the structure and purpose of the conventional optical fiber 120 are large. Is different.
- Example 10 of the present invention for example, as shown in Figs. It is also possible to use optical fibers 140 and 150 in which a plurality of holes 102a are formed (double formed) in the radial direction of the first cladding portion 102.
- the radial cross-sectional shape of the hole 102a of the first cladding portion 102 can be an ellipse or a polygon.
- the refractive index of the tellurite glass constituting the second clad part 103 inside the hole 102a of the first clad part 102 The equivalent refractive index of the first cladding part 102 and the refractive index of the second cladding part 103 can be made comparable by loading and filling a glass material having a refractive index lower by ⁇ n. It is possible.
- the tellurite glass used is the glass according to claim 1 having a zero dispersion wavelength of 2 ⁇ or more.
- the optical fiber 160 configured as described above, since the air holes 102a are filled with a glass material instead of air, the overall mechanical strength is improved as compared with the case where air is filled. It is also possible to reduce the scattering loss as easily as possible to keep the pores 102 2a in a fixed shape when manufacturing by drawing from a preform.
- Example 12 of the present invention for example, as shown in FIG. 25, an optical fiber 170 having a refractive index power higher than the refractive index of the material of the first clad part 102 is used, that is, as shown in FIG. It is also possible to implement a stronger light confinement effect by using a core portion (center core) 111 having a refractive index higher by ⁇ as the axial center portion where the hole 102a is not formed.
- the tellurite glass uses the glass according to claim 1 having a zero dispersion wavelength of 2 ⁇ m or more.
- it is effective to use composition ratios other than No. 1 and No. 6 among the glass composition ratios shown in Table 1, and further, rare earth was added as in the glass material according to claim 3. It is also effective for things.
- the number and shape of the holes 102a are such that the equivalent refractive index of the first cladding 102 is the second class. It is appropriately selected so as to be substantially equal to the refractive index of the portion 103.
- the optical fiber according to the present invention if a total reflection structure is formed by an effective refractive index difference between the core part and the clad part, strict photonic bandgap conditions are provided. It is not always necessary to satisfy conditions such as periodicity and uniformity.
- Examples 13 to 19 of the present invention below describe a method for producing a glass base material when producing a fiber structure having pores (air holes) using tellurite glass.
- Example 13 of the present invention a mold in which a plurality of convex portions are formed on the inner side of the inner wall is used as a mold used for injection molding of a glass melt.
- a glass base material molded using this mold into a jacket tube made of cylindrical tellurite glass, a void is formed in the gap between the glass base material and the jacket tube.
- FIGS. 26A to 26E show a method for producing a photonic crystal fiber according to Example 13 of the present invention.
- Thermal stability index Tx-Tg is 300 ° C or higher.
- Glass melt 202 which is a glass raw material with the composition No. 19 among the glass composition ratios shown in Table 1, is heated to 300–400 ° C.
- Pour into the preheated mold 201 (FIG. 26A).
- the mold 201 is formed such that four convex portions are formed inside the inner wall, and the injected glass base material has a cross-shaped cross section.
- annealing is performed at a temperature around 300 ° C for 10 hours or more to prepare glass base material 203 (Fig. 26B).
- the mold 201 is divided into four parts so that the glass base material 203 can be easily taken out, so that the glass base material 203 can be prevented from being chipped and cracked.
- melt the glass material pour it into a cylindrical mold (not shown) preheated to 300-400 ° C, and then rotate the mold at a high speed while holding it horizontally.
- a cylindrical jacket tube 204 is produced by a rotational casting method (FIG. 26C).
- the glass base material 203 is inserted into the jacket tube 204 and stretched (FIG. 26D). Stretched base material
- the cross section of 205 is exactly symmetrical.
- a portion 206 having a constant wire diameter of the stretched base material 205 is cut out, inserted again into another jacket tube (not shown), and stretched.
- a hole (air hole) is formed in the gap between the glass base material 203 and the jacket tube, and when drawing or drawing, the hole formed part 208 is pressurized so that the hole is maintained or expanded.
- Draw pressure line The While adjusting the drawing tension so that it is 50 g or more before passing through the resin-coated die, draw to an outer diameter of 110 / im (Fig. 26E) to produce photonic crystal fiber 207.
- the stretching process of this example when the stretching load is about 200 g, the base material of 10-20 mm ⁇ is heated to a viscosity of 10 9 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ (poise) that can be stretched to 36 mm ⁇ .
- Balta glass in order to process Baltha glass into a base material with a hole structure by the conventional extrusion method, Balta glass must be softened to a viscosity of about 10 6 P (poise). Therefore, according to the method of this example, since the heating temperature is lower than that in the extrusion method, the growth of crystal nuclei can be suppressed, which is suitable for producing a low-loss fiber.
- FIG. 27A shows a cross-sectional view of the produced photonic crystal fiber.
- the outer diameter of the photonic tarister fiber 207 is 110 xm, and the inner diameter of the hole is 26 ⁇ m.
- Fig. 27B is an enlarged view of the part corresponding to the core through which the light propagates, and the core diameter is 2.6 / im.
- the cross-sectional area A where the optical output is 1 / e of the peak is 3 ⁇ 54 / im z , and its ⁇ value (representing nonlinearity: 2 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇
- the core diameter can be controlled by changing the wall thickness of the jacket tube 204 or increasing the number of stretches.
- the loss of the photonic crystal fiber used in this example is 60 dB / km at 1.55 ⁇ , and the zero-dispersion wavelength is shifted to 1.57 / m from the value 2.29 / m force in the material dispersion. (See Figure 28). Since the shape of the holes is made symmetrical, polarization dependence does not occur.
- FIG. 29 shows the relationship between the core diameter and the zero dispersion wavelength of the photonic crystal fiber according to the thirteenth embodiment.
- Fig. 29 in order to control the zero-dispersion wavelength to 1.2-1., It is necessary to control the core diameter to 0.8-8. Also, in order to set the zero dispersion wavelength to 1.55 zm, the core diameter needs to be 2.45 zm.
- FIG. 30 shows a configuration example of a wavelength converter using the photonic crystal fiber according to the thirteenth embodiment.
- This wavelength converter has a light source 301 332 for outputting 32 WDM signals at 100 GHz intervals in a wavelength band of 1530 to 1560 nm, and a light source 333 for outputting 1565 nm excitation light.
- AWG Arrayed Waveguide Grating
- an optical coupler 342 that combines the multiplexed WDM signal light Es and the excitation light Ep
- a photonic crystal fiber 343 having a length of 50 m.
- FIG. 31 shows an output spectrum of the above wavelength converter.
- the conversion efficiency is 15 dB for the power of pumping light Ep of 40 mW, and wavelength batch conversion with a bandwidth of 70 nm can be performed.
- Example 14 of the present invention a fiber similar to that in Example 13 was prepared except that the glass composition was 10 and 14 and Er was added at 5000 ppm.
- a wavelength converter having the same configuration as in Fig. 30 is manufactured.
- As light C light sources 301-332 that output 32 WDM signals in the 1530-1560 nm wavelength band at intervals of 100 GHz and light sources 333 that output 1480 nm excitation light and 1565 nm excitation light are used.
- the photonic crystal fiber 344 according to Example 14 having a length of 15 m, signal amplification is performed simultaneously with wavelength amplification.
- the conversion efficiency is 5 dB for a 1480 nm excitation light power of 50 mW and a 1565 nm excitation light power of 50 mW, and wavelength batch conversion with a bandwidth of 70 nm can be performed.
- Example 14 If the photonic crystal fiber of Example 14 with a length of 15 m is applied to a nonlinear fiber loop mirror described later with reference to FIG. 44, a high-speed modulated signal with a repetition frequency of 80 GHz and a panoramic width of 8 ps is obtained. Signal light can be switched with the power of 10mW gate light.
- FIG. 37 shows a parametric optical amplifier using the photonic crystal fiber according to the fourteenth embodiment.
- This parametric optical amplifier has a tunable light source 1301, cascaded with an isolator 1302, a tonic crystal refractor 1303, and a light power plastic 1304, which are powerful and powerful in the 150m length of this implementation column 14. .
- the output of the light source 1305 having a wavelength of 1560 nm and a pumping light power of 1/5 W is incident on the optical power plastic 1304 through the EDFA amplifier 1306 from behind.
- FIG. 38 shows an output spectrum of the parametric optical amplifier. This output spectrum shows the result of wavelength scan measurement using -30dBm signal light. A gain of 20 dB or more was obtained in the 120 nm wavelength range from 0 to 1620 nm.
- Example 15 of the present invention a cylindrical glass block made of tellurite glass is produced, a hole is drilled in the longitudinal direction of the glass block, and a glass base material having pores is obtained. Make it. This glass base material is drawn by inserting it into a jacket tube made of cylindrical tellurite glass.
- FIG. 32A to FIG. 32C show a method for producing a photonic crystal fiber according to Example 15 of the present invention.
- Table 1 a glass melt obtained by melting a glass raw material having the composition No. 15 with a thermal stability index Tx-Tg of 300 ° C or higher is heated in a mold preheated to 300-400 ° C. Inject. After the injection, annealing is performed at a temperature around 300 ° C for 10 hours or longer to produce a cylindrical glass block 601 (Fig. 32A).
- a plurality of holes are made with a 3 m ⁇ ⁇ drill 602 to produce a glass base material 603 (FIG. 32 ⁇ ).
- a glass base material 603 is drawn to 3 mm ⁇ , and a portion 604 having a constant wire diameter of the drawn base material is cut out to produce a photonic crystal fiber (FIG. 32C).
- FIG. 33 shows a cross-sectional view of the produced photonic crystal fiber.
- the outer diameter of the photonic crystal fiber is 1 10 zm
- the hole diameter d is 1.6 x m
- the pitch between holes ⁇ is 2.
- dZ A 0.7.
- the MFD (Mode Field Diameter) is 3 x m
- the fiber loss is 40 dB / km at 1.55 zm
- the zero-dispersion wavelength is 1.55 ⁇ m.
- Pulse excitation light having a wavelength of 1.55 zm, a pulse width of 0.5 ps, and a peak power of 30 W is incident on the photonic crystal fiber having a length of 150 m. As shown in Fig. 34, the photonic crystal fiber output supercontinuum light in the 1. band (0.7-2.4 ⁇ m).
- Example 16 of the present invention a plurality of cylindrical rod-shaped pins are aligned from the bottom to the inside in a mold used for injection molding of a glass melt. After injection molding, a hole is formed by quickly pulling out the preheated pin.
- Fig. 35A-Fig. 35B show the construction of a photonic crystal fiber according to Example 16 of the present invention.
- the manufacturing method is shown.
- Monored 801a was obtained by pre-calorizing glass melt 802, which was obtained by melting glass raw material No. 9 with a thermal stability index Tx—Tg of 180 ° C, at 300-400 ° C. 801b (hereinafter, the general number is expressed as 801) (FIG. 35A).
- a jig (jig) in which a plurality of cylindrical rod-shaped pins 805 are aligned inside from the base 804 is installed.
- the pin 805 is quickly pulled out to produce a glass base material 803 in which holes are formed (FIG. 35B).
- a photonic crystal fiber is produced by drawing and drawing in the same manner as in Example 15 described above.
- the cross section of the fabricated photonic crystal fiber is the same as in Fig. 33, the outer diameter is 120 xm, the hole diameter d is 1.5 ⁇ m, and the hole pitch ⁇ is 2.3 ⁇ m.
- d / ⁇ 0.65.
- the MFD is 2.5 ⁇ m, the loss of the fino is 65 dB / km at 1.55 zm, and the zero-dispersion wavelength is 1.55 zm.
- Pulse excitation light having a wavelength of 1.55 ⁇ m, a pulse width of 0.5 ps, and a peak power of 30 W is incident on the photonic crystal fiber having a length of 50 m.
- a “soliton self-phase shift” is observed in which the pulse spectrum shifts to the longer wavelength side as it propagates through the fiber.
- FIG. 36 shows a wavelength tunable panelless light source using the photonic crystal fiber according to the sixteenth embodiment.
- This light source is a variable wavelength pulse light source that utilizes the effect of changing the amount of vector shift by changing the peak power of the incident pulse.
- the wavelength tunable panelless light source includes a pulse light source 901 modulated at 10 GHz, an optical amplifier 902, a photonic crystal fiber 903 according to Example 16 having a length of 50 m, and a programmable PLC (planer lightwave circuit) multiplexer / demultiplexer. Cascade connection with 904.
- PLC plane lightwave circuit
- an optical amplifier 905 and a photonic crystal fiber 906 according to the sixteenth embodiment having a length of 50 m are cascade-connected to the output of the programmable PLC multiplexer / demultiplexer 904.
- the tunable pulsed light source outputs optical pulses with a channel rate of 10-lOOGbitZs and a wavelength variable range power of 50 nm (1550-1700 nm).
- a wavelength converter having the same configuration as in Fig. 30 is manufactured.
- Light source 301 332 that outputs 32 WDM signals in the lOOGHz range in the wavelength range of 1530 to 1560 nm, and 1480 nm excitation light and 1565 nm excitation light
- the light source 333 is used.
- the photonic crystal fiber 343, which has a length of 15 m, which works as in Example 16 the signal is amplified and simultaneously wavelength conversion is performed.
- the conversion efficiency is 5 dB for a 1480 nm excitation light power of 50 mW and a 1565 nm excitation light power of 50 mW, and wavelength batch conversion with a bandwidth of 70 nm can be performed.
- FIG. 37 shows a parametric optical amplifier using the photonic crystal fiber according to the sixteenth embodiment.
- This parametric optical amplifier has a tunable light source 1301, an isolator 1302, and a 150-m-long main column 16, a tonic crystal refractor 1303, and an optical power plastic 1304 connected in cascade.
- the output of the light source 1305 having a wavelength of 1560 nm and a pumping light power of 1/5 W is incident on the optical power plastic 1304 through the EDFA amplifier 1306 from behind.
- FIG. 38 shows an output spectrum of the parametric optical amplifier. This output spectrum shows the result of wavelength scan measurement using -30dBm signal light, and gain of 20dB or more was obtained in the 120nm wavelength band ranging from 1500 to 1620nm.
- Example 17 of the present invention a core / cladding structure is formed with a composition having a different refractive index than that of a photonic crystal fiber made of a single composition of tellurite glass.
- Example 17 of the present invention the lower part of the mold used when the glass melt is injected and molded is enlarged into a conical shape.
- the mold is used to inject the clad and the core in this order, and a base material is used in which the core glass is sucked into a cone shape by volume shrinkage of the clad glass.
- the inner wall of the upper part of the mold protrudes inward and the area into which the core glass is sucked is small, it is necessary to optimize the injection temperature and the like in order to suck the core effectively.
- FIG. 39A to FIG. 39B and FIG. 40A to FIG. 40B show a method for producing a photonic crystal fiber that is useful for Example 17 of the present invention.
- the core glass use the composition of No. 18 in Table 1 above and add 4000 ppm of Tm.
- the clad glass has the composition of No. 17 in Table 1 above. Use.
- the mold 1501 has a plurality of convex portions formed inside the inner wall, and is enlarged in a conical shape toward the bottom (FIG. 39A).
- Monoredo 1501 is preheated to 300–400 ° C, injected into the clad glass melt 1502 and core glass melt 1503 in this order, and the core glass is sucked into a conical shape by volume shrinkage of the clad glass and molded.
- Material 1504 is made ( Figure 39). The suction length of the core glass is 15mm.
- FIG. 40A shows a cross-sectional view of the photonic crystal fiber 1505.
- the outer diameter of the photonic crystal fiber 1505 is 1 10 zm
- the inner diameter of the hole is 35 x m
- the center part of the cross is 2.4 x m
- the core diameter with Tm added is 1.5 ⁇ m.
- the MFD is 2.9 zm
- the loss of the fiber is 30 dB / km at 1.55 ⁇ m.
- the zero dispersion wavelength is 1.52 / m.
- the photonic crystal fiber according to Example 17 is applied to the wavelength converter shown in Fig. 30 using 20m.
- the WDM signal light Es combined by the wavelength converter AWG341 is a signal in which 32 WDM signals are multiplexed at 100 GHz intervals in the 1480-1510 nm wavelength band.
- Excitation light Ep is a 1410 nm excitation light used for Tm excitation and a 1520 nm excitation light used for both wavelength conversion and Tm excitation.
- the wavelength converter amplifies the signal and simultaneously converts the wavelengths of the 32 WDM signals and outputs the converted light Ec.
- the wavelength conversion device can perform batch wavelength conversion with a conversion efficiency of 5 dB and a bandwidth of 70 nm for a power of 50 mW of pumping light of 1420 nm and a power of 50 mW of pumping light for wavelength conversion.
- Example 18 In Example 18 of the present invention, compared with Example 17 above, in order to facilitate the suction of the core, the glass is poured into the bottom of the conical portion at the bottom of the mold, and then a hole is opened. The structure is provided. The glass leaks into this hole, which causes a synergistic effect with the shrinkage of the glass. By drawing a vacuum so that the glass leaks into this hole, a synergistic effect with the shrinkage of the glass occurs.
- FIGS. 41A to 41C show a method for producing a photonic crystal fiber, which is useful in Example 18 of the present invention.
- the composition of No. 20 in Table 1 is used, and for the cladding glass, the composition of No. 21 in Table 1 is used.
- the MONORED 1601 is formed with a plurality of convex portions on the inside of the inner wall, and is expanded in a conical shape toward the bottom (FIG. 41A).
- a base 1602 is installed at the bottom of the mold 1601, and a through hole is formed in the bottom of the mold 1601 by sliding the movable member 1603 at the center of the base 1602. ( Figure 41B).
- Example 13 Using the glass base material 1606 molded in this manner, the same drawing and drawing process as in Example 13 was performed to produce a photonic crystal fiber.
- the structure of this photonic crystal fiber is the same as that shown in Figure 40A.
- the outer diameter of the fiber is 115 ⁇
- the inner diameter of the hole is 20 ⁇
- the center of the cross is 2.8 ⁇
- the core diameter is 1 ⁇ 2 / im.
- the MFD is 2.5 zm
- the fiber loss is 25 dBZkm at 1.55 x m
- the zero dispersion wavelength is fe at 1.55 ⁇ m.
- FIG. 42 shows an optical power one-shot experiment system using the photonic crystal fiber according to Example 18.
- the optical power tester system consists of a DFB -LD (distributed feedback laser diode) 1701 that outputs control light with a wavelength of 1552 nm, a DFB-LD1702 that outputs signal light with a wavelength of 1535 nm, and an Er-doped fiber amplifier that amplifies the control light. 1703, and the control light and the signal light are 10m long so that the polarization direction forms an angle of 45 degrees with each other.
- This is inputted to the photonic crystal fiber 1704 according to the example 18.
- the signal light is branched from the output of the photonic tartar fiber 1704 and input to the streak camera 1706 via the polarizer 1705.
- Example 19 of the present invention in order to facilitate the suction of the core, a structure in which a hole is opened after pouring glass into the bottom of the conical portion at the bottom of the mold is provided, and the glass leaks into this hole. By pulling the vacuum so that it can be put out, a synergistic effect with the shrinkage of the glass occurs.
- Example 19 of the present invention when pressure drawing is performed so as to hold or expand the holes formed in the base material, the drawing tension and the hole are increased by setting the drawing tension to 50 g or more. Easy to control the diameter.
- Figs. 43A to 43C show a photonic crystal fiber manufacturing method that is useful in Example 19 of the present invention.
- the composition of No. 13 in Table 1 is used, and for the cladding glass, the composition of No. 16 in Table 1 is used.
- the Monoredo 1801 has a plurality of convex portions inside the inner wall, and the lower portion is enlarged in a conical shape (FIG. 43A).
- a base 1802 is installed at the bottom of the mold 1801, and a hole is made in the bottom of the monored 1801 by sliding the movable member 1803 at the center of the base 1802 (FIG. 43B). Using this hole, vacuum deaeration is performed from below the mold 1801.
- Monoredo 1801 is pre-heated to 300 400 o C
- base 1802 is pre-heated to 350 450 o C
- the clad glass melt 1804 and core glass melt 1805 are injected in this order (Fig. 43A).
- Fig. 43B By shrinking the volume of the clad glass and vacuum degassing from the hole in the bottom (Fig. 43B), the central part of the clad glass flows out and sucks the core glass to obtain a molded glass base material 1806 (Fig. 43C).
- the suction length of the core is 50mm.
- the same drawing and drawing process as in Example 13 was performed, and An tonic crystal fiber was fabricated.
- the structure of this photonic crystal fiber is the same as in Figure 40A and Figure 40B.
- the outer diameter of the fiber is 120 ⁇ m
- the inner diameter of the hole is 28 ⁇ m
- the center of the cross is 2.6 ⁇ im
- the core diameter is 1 ⁇ 3 ⁇ m.
- the MFD is 2.3 ⁇ m
- the fiber loss is 28 dBZkm at 1.55 zm
- the zero-dispersion wavelength is 1.56 m.
- FIG. 44 shows a nonlinear fiber loop mirror using the photonic crystal fiber according to the nineteenth embodiment.
- the nonlinear fiber loop mirror is composed of an optical coupler 1901 that inputs gate light, a photonic crystal fiber 1902 that can be used in this example 19 with a length of 15 m, an optical power bra 1903 that outputs gate light, and signal light input and output.
- the optical power bra 1904 is connected in cascade to form a loop.
- the signal light is bifurcated by the optical power plastic 1904 and propagates through the photonic crystal fiber 1902 in the forward direction and the reverse direction.
- the signal lights are again input to the optical power bra 1904, interfere with each other, and output.
- switching is performed by controlling the phase change of the signal light in the photonic crystal fiber 1902 by the gate light input from the optical power bra 1901.
- the gate light power With the gate light power of 200mW, it is possible to switch high-speed modulated signal light with a repetition frequency of 80GHz and a pulse width of 8ps.
- Example 19 Using the same production method as in Example 13 shown in Fig. 26A to Fig. 26E described above, the film was inserted into the jacket tube having the composition No. 11 in Table 1 described above, and the stretching process was performed. In Example 19, the pressure applied to the holes was kept constant, and the drawing tension was adjusted to 50 g or more before passing through the resin-coated die. As shown in Figure 27A and Figure 27B, the outer diameter of the photonic crystal fiber is 110 ⁇ m. Fiber # 1 (1000m) produced by this method and fiber # 2 (1000m) processed with a drawing tension of 30g were compared for stability in the longitudinal direction of the hole inner diameter.
- Fiber # 1 has an error of ⁇ 5 x m for a design value of the hole inner diameter of 26 z m.
- the area within 26 111 ⁇ 1 111 that can actually be used is 70% of the total, and even short lengths of 50 m or more can be taken.
- fiber # 2 has an error of ⁇ 20 x m for the hole inner diameter of 26 z m, the designed value.
- the actual number of locations within 26 111 ⁇ 1 111 that can be used is 20% of the total, and only a few can be taken over 50m.
- FIG. 45 shows a clock reproducing apparatus using a photonic listar fiber according to Example 19 of the present invention.
- the clock recovery device 2003 of the WDM transmission system receives the one-wavelength signal selected from the wavelength selection filter 2002 that receives the WDM signal transmitted from the transmitter 2 001 by the clock recovery unit 2201 and extracts the RF clock.
- the extracted clock is regenerated into an optical pulse by the mode-locked fiber laser in the clock regeneration unit 2201, and this optical pulse is amplified by the EDFA2204. Incident on 2203.
- the supercontinuum light over the l OOnm band of 1 ⁇ 5—1.6 / im generated in the photonic listar fiber 2203 is input to AWG2204. By filtering with AWG2204, it is possible to regenerate the clock pulses for the wavelength multiplexed channels by the single channel clock recovery.
- An arbitrary one-channel clock pulse is incident on a non-linear loop mirror 2004 using a photo-nitristal fiber that is effective in Example 19 having a length of 50 m.
- a photo-nitristal fiber that is effective in Example 19 having a length of 50 m.
- the optical device using the present fiber is an optical device using the present fiber as a highly nonlinear fiber, and is not limited to the above-described Examples 13-19.
- the glass preform is manufactured by injection molding or compression molding. Therefore, Compared with the conventional extrusion method, the mold method also has a short heating time for the glass base material, so that crystallization in the glass can be suppressed, and the ability to produce a low-loss optical fiber. it can.
- Example 2031 of the present invention described below a plurality of holes are arranged near the center of a tellurite glass optical fiber, and the fiber size depends on the size of the region surrounded by the holes.
- a method for controlling the dispersion characteristics of a bar is disclosed.
- FIG. 46 shows a cross-sectional structure of an optical fiber according to Example 20 of the present invention.
- the tellurite glass 2101 with a zero-material dispersion wavelength of 2 ⁇ 08 ⁇ ⁇ inserted into the jacket tube 2 104 is formed with four holes 2103a-2103d (hereinafter referred to as the general number 2103). Each hole 2103 is filled with air and its refractive index is approximately equal to 1. A portion surrounded by these four holes 2103 is a region 2102 that becomes a core through which light propagates.
- the outer diameter of the tellurite glass 2101 is 2100 ⁇
- the inner diameter force of the hollow 2103 is 40 ⁇ m
- the core diameter is 4.5 ⁇ m.
- Sectional area light output reaches a peak of l / e2 A is 4 ⁇ 1 ⁇ m 2, the ⁇ value
- the manufacturing process of the photonic crystal fiber according to Example 20 is the same as the manufacturing process shown in FIGS. 26A to 24E.
- a photonic crystal fiber fabrication method according to Example 20 will be described with reference to FIGS. 26A-24E.
- a glass melt 202 obtained by melting a tellurite glass raw material is poured into a mold 201 preheated to 300 to 400 ° C. (FIG. 26A).
- the monored 201 is formed so that four convex portions are formed inside the inner wall, and the injected glass base material has a cross-shaped cross section.
- annealing is performed at a temperature around 300 ° C for 10 hours or more to produce a glass base material 203 (Fig. 26B).
- the mold 201 is divided into four parts so that the glass base material 203 can be easily taken out, so that chipping and cracking of the glass base material 203 can be prevented.
- Rotational casting method in which glass raw material is melted and poured into a cylindrical mold (not shown in the figure) preheated to 300–400 ° C and then rotated at high speed while holding the mold horizontally. Thus, a cylindrical jacket tube 204 is produced (FIG. 26C).
- the glass base material 203 is inserted into the jacket tube 204 and stretched (FIG. 26D). Stretched base material 20 The cross section of 5 is exactly symmetrical. A portion 206 having a constant wire diameter of the stretched base material 205 is cut out, inserted again into another jacket tube (not shown), and stretched. Holes are formed in the gap between the glass base material 203 and the jacket tube. When drawing or drawing, the portion 208 where the holes are formed is pressurized so that the holes are maintained or expanded. Pressure is drawn to form holes. While adjusting the drawing tension so that it is 50 g or more before passing through the resin-coated die, draw to an outer diameter of 105 xm (Fig. 26E) to produce optical fiber 207.
- FIG. 47 shows an optical electric field distribution of the optical fiber according to the working example 20.
- This optical electric field distribution is an optical electric field distribution obtained by using a difference method which is one of numerical calculation methods. Each time the electric field changes by 10 percent, a contour line is drawn. From the calculation results, it can be seen that the optical fiber according to Example 20 is confined in the central core region 2102 and can propagate along the core. If the near-field image (NFP) and the far-field image (FFP) are observed after the optical fiber is cut and polished, the light is confined in the center of the optical fiber and converted into a single mode. I can confirm.
- NFP near-field image
- FFP far-field image
- FIG. 48 shows the chromatic dispersion of the optical fiber according to the 20th embodiment.
- the zero dispersion wavelength of the optical fiber according to Example 20 is 1 ⁇ 56 ⁇ .
- FIG. 49 shows an optical fiber according to Example 21 of the present invention.
- the tellurite glass 2301 having the composition of No. 15 in the above-mentioned Table 1 inserted into the jacket tube 2304 has four holes 2 303a-2303d (generally indicated as 2303) force S, and these holes are formed. 2303 is filled with air and its refractive index is approximately equal to 1. A portion surrounded by the four holes 2303 is a region 2302 that becomes a core through which light propagates. Inside the region 2302, the composition of the tellurite glass is changed, and the zero-material dispersion wavelength is 2 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ with respect to the tellurite glass 2301. It incorporates tellurite glass 2305 with a refractive index difference of 1.1% higher.
- Example 21 an optical fiber was fabricated by the capillary method.
- the outer diameter of the tellurite glass 2301 is 110 ⁇ m
- the inner diameter of the air holes 2303 is 35 ⁇ m
- the core diameter is 3.0 ⁇ m.
- Sectional area optical output becomes lZe2 of peak A 2. a 6 ⁇ m 2, the eff
- the y value is 940W—km— 1 .
- FIG. 50 shows an optical electric field distribution of the optical fiber according to the working example 21.
- This optical electric field distribution is an optical electric field distribution obtained by using a difference method which is one of numerical calculation methods. Each time the electric field changes by 10 percent, a contour line is drawn. From the calculation results, it can be seen that the optical fiber according to Example 21 is confined in the central core region 2302 and can propagate along the core. If the near-field image (NFP) and the far-field image (FFP) are observed after the optical fiber is cut and polished, the light is confined in the center of the optical fiber and converted into a single mode. I can confirm.
- NFP near-field image
- FFP far-field image
- FIG. 51 shows the chromatic dispersion of the optical fiber according to the working example 21.
- the zero dispersion wavelength of the optical fiber according to Example 21 is 1 ⁇ 30 ⁇ .
- FIG. 52 shows an optical fiber according to Example 22 of the present invention.
- the tellurite glass 2401 having the composition No. 18 in the above-mentioned Table 1 inserted into the jacket tube 2404.
- four holes 2 403a 2403d (generally indicated as 2403) are formed. Filled with air, its refractive index is almost equal to 1.
- a portion surrounded by the four holes 2403 is a region 2402 that becomes a core through which light propagates.
- the composition of the tellurite glass is changed, and the tellurite glass has a refractive index difference of 2.2% lower than that of the tellurite glass 2401 with a zero material dispersion wavelength of 2.05 zm. It carries 2405.
- Example 22 an optical fiber was fabricated by a single method.
- Tellurite glass 2401 has an outer diameter of 90 ⁇ m, pores 2403 have an inner diameter of 45 ⁇ m, and a core diameter of 2.7 ⁇ m.
- Sectional area A of the light output reaches a peak of l / e2 is 2. a 5 ⁇ m 2, the ⁇ value 930W- km- 1 der eff
- FIG. 53 shows the optical electric field distribution of the optical fiber according to the working example 22.
- This photoelectrolytic distribution is an optical electric field distribution obtained by using a difference method which is one of numerical calculation methods. Electric field is 10 For every cent change, a contour line is drawn. From the calculation results, it can be seen that the optical fiber according to Example 22 is confined in the central core region 2402 and can propagate along the core. If the near-field image (NFP) and the far-field image (FFP) are observed after the optical fiber is cut and polished, the light is confined in the center of the optical fiber and converted into a single mode. I can confirm.
- NFP near-field image
- FFP far-field image
- FIG. 54 shows the chromatic dispersion of the optical fiber in accordance with the twenty-second embodiment.
- the zero-dispersion wavelength of the optical fiber according to the example 22; I is the wavelength 1.
- FIG. 55 shows an optical fiber according to Example 23 of the present invention.
- the tellurite glass 2501 having the composition of No. 17 in the above-mentioned Table 1 inserted into the jacket tube 2504 has four holes 2 503a-2503d (generally indicated as 2503) force S, and these holes 2503 Is filled with air and its refractive index is approximately equal to 1.
- a portion surrounded by the four holes 2503 is a region 2502 that becomes a core through which light propagates. Inside this region 2502, a central hole 2505 is provided.
- an optical fiber was manufactured by a single method.
- the outer diameter of the tellurite glass 2501 is 105 ⁇ m
- the inner diameter of the air holes 2503 is 40 ⁇ m
- the core diameter is 3. l m.
- the cross-sectional area A where the optical output is peak l / e2 is 2.
- the threshold value is 810W -km- 1 .
- FIG. 56 shows an optical electric field distribution of the optical fiber according to the example 23.
- This optical electric field distribution is an optical electric field distribution obtained by using a difference method which is one of numerical calculation methods. Each time the electric field changes by 10 percent, a contour line is drawn. From the calculation results, it can be seen that the optical fiber according to the example 23 is confined in the central core region 2502 and can propagate along the core. If the near-field image (NFP) and the far-field image (FFP) are observed after the optical fiber is cut and polished, the light is confined in the center of the optical fiber and converted into a single mode. I can confirm.
- NFP near-field image
- FFP far-field image
- FIG. 57 shows the chromatic dispersion of the optical fiber in accordance with the example 23.
- the zero dispersion wavelength of the optical fiber according to Example 23 is 1.41 ⁇ m.
- FIG. 58 shows an optical fiber according to Example 24 of the present invention.
- Inserted into jacket tube 2604 In the tellurite glass 2601 having the composition of No. 14 in the aforementioned Table 1, three holes 2 603a to 2603c (generally indicated as 2603) are formed, and these holes 2603 are filled with air. And its refractive index is almost equal to 1.
- a portion surrounded by the three holes 2603 is a region 2602 that becomes a core through which light propagates.
- an optical fiber was produced by an extrusion method.
- the outer diameter of the tellurite glass 2601 is 110 zm
- the inner diameter of the air holes 2603 is 40 ⁇ m
- the core diameter is 5.
- the cross-sectional area A at which the optical output is peak l / e2 is 4.5.
- the ⁇ I direct is a 520W- ⁇ m- 1.
- FIG. 59 shows the chromatic dispersion of the optical fiber, which is effective in the present Example 24.
- the zero-dispersion wavelength of the optical fiber according to Example 24; I is the wavelength 1.
- FIG. 60 shows an optical fiber according to Example 25 of the present invention.
- the tellurite glass 2701 having the composition No. 16 in the above-mentioned Table 1 inserted into the jacket tube 2704 has four holes 2 703a 2703d (generally indicated as 2703) force S, and these holes 2703 Filled with air, its refractive index is almost equal to 1.
- a portion surrounded by the four holes 2703 is a region 2702 that becomes a core through which light propagates.
- an optical fiber was produced by an extrusion method.
- the outer diameter of the tellurite glass 2701 is 110 zm
- the inner diameter of the air holes 2703 is 40 ⁇ m
- the core diameter is 2.
- the cross-sectional area A at which the light output is peak l / e2 is 2.0
- NFP near-field image
- FFP far-field image
- FIG. 61 shows the chromatic dispersion of the optical fiber in accordance with the twenty-fifth embodiment.
- the zero-dispersion wavelength of the optical fiber according to Example 25 is a wavelength of 1 ⁇ 22 ⁇ .
- FIG. 62 shows an optical fiber according to Example 26 of the present invention.
- Buy jacket tube 2804 In the above-described tellurite glass 2801 having the composition No. 18 in Table 1, five holes 2 803a—2803e (generally indicated as 2803) are formed, and these holes 2803 are filled with air. And its refractive index is almost equal to 1.
- a portion surrounded by the five holes 2803 is a region 2802 that becomes a core through which light propagates. Inside the region 2802, the composition of the tellurite glass is changed, and the zero-material dispersion wavelength is 2. lxm and the relative refractive index difference is 1.1% higher than that of the tellurite glass 2801. Is carried.
- Example 26 an optical fiber was fabricated by the extrusion method.
- the outer diameter of tellurite glass 2801 is 1 10 ⁇ m
- the inner diameter of air holes 2803 is 40 ⁇ m
- the core diameter is 4.1 ⁇ m.
- the diameter of tellurite glass 2805 is 1.0 zm.
- Sectional area A of the light output reaches a peak of l / e2 is 3. a 5 eff ⁇ m 2, the ⁇ it straight is 680W- ⁇ m- 1.
- FIG. 63 shows the chromatic dispersion of the optical fiber in accordance with the twenty-sixth embodiment.
- the zero dispersion wavelength of the optical fiber according to Example 26 is 1 ⁇ 61 ⁇ .
- FIG. 64 shows an optical fiber according to Example 27 of the present invention.
- the tellurite glass 2901 having the composition No. 12 in the above-mentioned Table 1 inserted into the jacket tube 2904, six holes 2 903a 2903f (generally indicated as 2903) force S are formed, and these holes 2903 Is filled with air and its refractive index is approximately equal to 1.
- a portion surrounded by the six holes 2903 is a region 2902 that becomes a core through which light propagates.
- the composition of the tellurite glass is changed, and the zero-material dispersion wavelength is 2.15 zm, and the relative refractive index difference is 1.5% lower than that of the tellurite glass 2901. 2905 is carried.
- Example 27 an optical fiber was fabricated by the extrusion method.
- the outer diameter of the tellurite glass 2901 is 110 ⁇
- the inner force S40 ⁇ of the hollow core 2903 is 3.5 ⁇ m.
- Tenorite glass 2905 has a diameter of 1.5 m.
- the cross-sectional area A where the optical output is peak l / e2 is 3
- the near field image (NFP) and the far field image (FFP) can be observed. For example, it can be confirmed that the light is confined in the center of the optical fiber and is made into a single mode.
- FIG. 65 shows the chromatic dispersion of the optical fiber in accordance with the twenty-seventh embodiment.
- the zero dispersion wavelength of the optical fiber according to Example 27; I is the wavelength of 1.70 ⁇ m.
- FIG. 66 shows an optical fiber according to Example 28 of the present invention.
- the tellurite glass 3001 having the composition of No. 10 in the above-mentioned Table 1 inserted into the jacket tube 3004, three holes 3 003a-3003c (generally indicated as 3003) are formed. Is filled with air and its refractive index is approximately equal to 1. A portion surrounded by the three holes 3003 is a region 3002 that becomes a core through which light propagates.
- FIG. 67 shows an enlarged view of a region that becomes the core of the optical fiber of FIG.
- an optical fiber was fabricated by ultrasonic drilling.
- the outer diameter of the tellurite glass 300 1 is 100 ⁇ m
- the inner diameter force S35 ⁇ m of the air 3003 is 5.5 ⁇ m.
- the diameter d of the hole 3005 is 0.5 / im.
- the cross-sectional area A where the light output is peak l / e2 is 3
- NFP near-field image
- FFP far-field image
- FIG. 68 shows the relationship between the zero-dispersion wavelength of the optical fiber obtained in Example 28 and the core size.
- the size of the core region surrounded by the vacancies and confining light that is, the core diameter a, should be controlled within the range of 0. — 6. I understand that.
- FIG. 69 shows an optical fiber according to Example 29 of the present invention.
- the tellurite glass 3101 having the composition of No. 11 in the above-mentioned Table 1 inserted into the jacket tube 3104 four holes 3 103a to 3103d are formed, and these holes 3103 are filled with air.
- the refractive index is almost equal to 1.
- a portion surrounded by the four holes 3103 is a region 3102 serving as a core through which light propagates.
- FIG. 70 shows an enlarged view of a region that becomes the core of the optical fiber of FIG. In Example 29, an optical fiber was manufactured by an ultrasonic drill method.
- the outer diameter of the tellurite glass 3101 is 125 / m
- the inner diameter of the air holes 3103 is 50 ⁇ m
- the core diameter is 3.5 ⁇ m.
- the cross-sectional area A where the optical output is 1 / e2 of the peak is 3.2 ⁇ m 2
- the threshold value is YYOW ⁇ knT 1 .
- FIG. 71 shows the relationship between the zero dispersion wavelength and the core size obtained in Example 29.
- the size of the core region that confines the light surrounded by the vacancies, that is, the core diameter a is controlled to 0. — 5. O xm. That ’s the power.
- FIG. 72 shows an optical fiber according to Example 30 of the present invention.
- the tellurite glass 3201 having the composition of No. 17 in the above-mentioned Table 1 inserted into the jacket tube 3204 has five holes 3 203a to 3303d (generally indicated as 3203) force S, and these holes 3203 Is filled with air and its refractive index is approximately equal to 1.
- a portion surrounded by the five holes 3203 is a region 3202 to be a core through which light propagates.
- FIG. 73 shows an enlarged view of a region that becomes a core of the optical fiber of FIG.
- tellurite glass 3205 having a refractive index difference of 1.1% higher than that of tellurite glass 3201 with a zero-material dispersion wavelength of 2.2 xm is changed.
- Example 30 an optical fiber was produced by an extrusion method.
- the tellurite glass 3201 has an outer diameter of 80 ⁇ m, the air force of the hollow 3203 is 35 ⁇ m, and the core diameter is 3.9 ⁇ m.
- the diameter of the tellurite glass 3205 is 1.0 zm.
- Sectional area A of the light output reaches a peak of l / e2 is 3. a 4 ⁇ m 2, the ⁇ value is 690W- ⁇ m- 1.
- FIG. 74 shows the relationship between the zero dispersion wavelength and the core size obtained in Example 30.
- Zero variance In order to keep the wavelength within the 1.2 / im—1.7 / im band, the size of the core region that confines the light surrounded by the holes, that is, the core diameter a is set to 0 ⁇ 4 / im—5 If it is controlled within the range of ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ , it will be divided.
- FIG. 75 shows an optical fiber according to Example 31 of the present invention.
- the tellurite glass 3301 having the composition No. 17 in Table 1 previously inserted in the jacket tube 3304, six holes 3 303a-3303f (generally indicated as 3303) force S are formed and these holes are formed.
- 3303 is filled with air and its refractive index is approximately equal to 1.
- a portion surrounded by these six holes 3303 is a region 3302 that becomes a core through which light propagates.
- FIG. 76 shows an enlarged view of a region that becomes the core of the optical fiber of FIG. Inside the region 3302, the tellurite glass composition is changed, and the zero-material dispersion wavelength is 2.3 ⁇ and the relative refractive index difference is 1.5% lower than that of the tellurite glass 3301. Is embedded.
- an optical fiber was produced by an extrusion method.
- the outer diameter of tellurite glass 3301 is 95 ⁇ m
- the inner diameter of air 3303 is 50 ⁇ m
- the core diameter is 3.0 ⁇ m.
- the diameter of tellurite glass 3305 is 1 ⁇ 5 / im.
- the cross-sectional area A at which the optical output is l / e2 of the peak is 3.5 ⁇ m 2 , and its threshold value is eSOW ⁇ knT 1 .
- FIG. 77 shows the relationship between the zero-dispersion wavelength and the core size obtained in Example 31.
- the size of the core region that is confined by the holes and confines the light, that is, the core diameter a is controlled within the range of 0. — 4.0 xm. That ’s the power.
- the non-linear device manufactured based on the optical fiber of the present invention and the manufacturing method thereof is effective in promoting high performance, large capacity, and low price in an optical communication system. It can greatly contribute to the sophistication and economy of services using the system, and can be used extremely beneficially in the optical communication industry.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (7)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US10/537,179 US7677059B2 (en) | 2003-08-13 | 2004-08-12 | Tellurite optical fiber and production method thereof |
| JP2005513182A JP3860201B2 (ja) | 2003-08-13 | 2004-08-12 | 光ファイバの製造方法 |
| CNB200710147747XA CN100520459C (zh) | 2003-08-13 | 2004-08-12 | 光纤及其制造方法 |
| CN2004800016254A CN1761894B (zh) | 2003-08-13 | 2004-08-12 | 光纤及其制造方法 |
| CA2509790A CA2509790C (en) | 2003-08-13 | 2004-08-12 | Structured tellurite glass optical fiber and production method thereof |
| EP04771600.6A EP1655625B1 (en) | 2003-08-13 | 2004-08-12 | Tellurite optical fiber and production method of a tellurite optical fiber |
| US12/261,815 US7953309B2 (en) | 2003-08-13 | 2008-10-30 | Optical fiber and production method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (8)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003293141 | 2003-08-13 | ||
| JP2003-293141 | 2003-08-13 | ||
| JP2004045500 | 2004-02-20 | ||
| JP2004-045500 | 2004-02-20 | ||
| JP2004202954 | 2004-07-09 | ||
| JP2004-202954 | 2004-07-09 | ||
| JP2004-207728 | 2004-07-14 | ||
| JP2004207728 | 2004-07-14 |
Related Child Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US10537179 A-371-Of-International | 2004-08-12 | ||
| US12/261,815 Division US7953309B2 (en) | 2003-08-13 | 2008-10-30 | Optical fiber and production method thereof |
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| WO2005017582A1 true WO2005017582A1 (ja) | 2005-02-24 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| PCT/JP2004/011625 Ceased WO2005017582A1 (ja) | 2003-08-13 | 2004-08-12 | 光ファイバおよびその製造方法 |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US7677059B2 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP1655625B1 (ja) |
| JP (2) | JP3860201B2 (ja) |
| CN (2) | CN1761894B (ja) |
| CA (3) | CA2643338C (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2005017582A1 (ja) |
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| WO2007148528A1 (ja) * | 2006-06-23 | 2007-12-27 | Asahi Glass Company, Limited | 光ファイバ、その融着接続方法及び光ファイバの接続体 |
| JP2010169965A (ja) * | 2009-01-23 | 2010-08-05 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | フォトニッククリスタルファイバおよびその製造方法 |
| CN110927865A (zh) * | 2019-12-12 | 2020-03-27 | 闽江学院 | 一种矩形纤芯的光子晶体光纤 |
| WO2024195112A1 (ja) * | 2023-03-23 | 2024-09-26 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | 希土類添加ファイバ、光増幅器、および希土類添加ファイバの設計方法 |
| WO2024201650A1 (ja) * | 2023-03-27 | 2024-10-03 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | 光ファイバ及び光増幅器 |
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| JP2004347991A (ja) * | 2003-05-23 | 2004-12-09 | Sony Corp | フォトニッククリスタルファイバ、光制御装置、投影装置およびフォトニッククリスタルファイバの製造方法 |
| US7677059B2 (en) * | 2003-08-13 | 2010-03-16 | Nippon Telegraph And Telephone Corporation | Tellurite optical fiber and production method thereof |
| JP4025738B2 (ja) * | 2004-03-05 | 2007-12-26 | 国立大学法人京都大学 | 2次元フォトニック結晶 |
| US7924892B2 (en) * | 2004-08-25 | 2011-04-12 | Kla-Tencor Technologies Corporation | Fiber amplifier based light source for semiconductor inspection |
| KR20070056118A (ko) * | 2004-08-25 | 2007-05-31 | 코헤라스 에이/에스 | 굴절률 구조물을 미세구조 섬유에 도입시키는 방법,미세구조 섬유 및 제품 |
| FR2874964B1 (fr) * | 2004-09-06 | 2009-05-29 | Saint Gobain Ct Recherches | Structure de filtration des gaz d'echappement d'un moteur a combustion interne et ligne d'echappement associee |
| FR2884652B1 (fr) * | 2005-04-19 | 2009-07-10 | Femlight Sa | Dispositif de generation d'impulsions laser amplifiees par fibres optiques a couches photoniques |
| CN100424543C (zh) * | 2005-05-11 | 2008-10-08 | 南京邮电学院 | 晶体光纤孤子型全光再生器及其光信号再生方法 |
| JP2007264331A (ja) * | 2006-03-29 | 2007-10-11 | Fujikura Ltd | 拡張三角格子型フォトニックバンドギャップファイバ |
| US20080046077A1 (en) * | 2006-08-15 | 2008-02-21 | C&C Vision International Limited | Multiocular Intraocular Lens Systems |
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| WO2007148528A1 (ja) * | 2006-06-23 | 2007-12-27 | Asahi Glass Company, Limited | 光ファイバ、その融着接続方法及び光ファイバの接続体 |
| JP2010169965A (ja) * | 2009-01-23 | 2010-08-05 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | フォトニッククリスタルファイバおよびその製造方法 |
| CN110927865A (zh) * | 2019-12-12 | 2020-03-27 | 闽江学院 | 一种矩形纤芯的光子晶体光纤 |
| CN110927865B (zh) * | 2019-12-12 | 2023-12-22 | 闽江学院 | 一种矩形纤芯的光子晶体光纤 |
| WO2024195112A1 (ja) * | 2023-03-23 | 2024-09-26 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | 希土類添加ファイバ、光増幅器、および希土類添加ファイバの設計方法 |
| WO2024201650A1 (ja) * | 2023-03-27 | 2024-10-03 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | 光ファイバ及び光増幅器 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2774228A1 (en) | 2005-02-24 |
| CA2774228C (en) | 2014-12-02 |
| CN1761894B (zh) | 2010-05-05 |
| CA2509790C (en) | 2010-10-12 |
| US20060010921A1 (en) | 2006-01-19 |
| US7677059B2 (en) | 2010-03-16 |
| JP3860201B2 (ja) | 2006-12-20 |
| US7953309B2 (en) | 2011-05-31 |
| US20090060438A1 (en) | 2009-03-05 |
| JP4616809B2 (ja) | 2011-01-19 |
| CA2509790A1 (en) | 2005-02-24 |
| CA2643338A1 (en) | 2005-02-24 |
| CA2643338C (en) | 2014-01-07 |
| JP2006343769A (ja) | 2006-12-21 |
| CN1761894A (zh) | 2006-04-19 |
| EP1655625A1 (en) | 2006-05-10 |
| CN100520459C (zh) | 2009-07-29 |
| CN101131448A (zh) | 2008-02-27 |
| EP1655625B1 (en) | 2019-12-18 |
| EP1655625A4 (en) | 2010-10-27 |
| JPWO2005017582A1 (ja) | 2006-10-12 |
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