WO2005029191A2 - Procede et dispositif de lithographie par rayonnement dans l'extreme ultraviolet - Google Patents
Procede et dispositif de lithographie par rayonnement dans l'extreme ultraviolet Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005029191A2 WO2005029191A2 PCT/FR2004/002226 FR2004002226W WO2005029191A2 WO 2005029191 A2 WO2005029191 A2 WO 2005029191A2 FR 2004002226 W FR2004002226 W FR 2004002226W WO 2005029191 A2 WO2005029191 A2 WO 2005029191A2
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/20—Exposure; Apparatus therefor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/70008—Production of exposure light, i.e. light sources
- G03F7/70033—Production of exposure light, i.e. light sources by plasma extreme ultraviolet [EUV] sources
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y10/00—Nanotechnology for information processing, storage or transmission, e.g. quantum computing or single electron logic
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/70008—Production of exposure light, i.e. light sources
- G03F7/70041—Production of exposure light, i.e. light sources by pulsed sources, e.g. multiplexing, pulse duration, interval control or intensity control
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/70483—Information management; Active and passive control; Testing; Wafer monitoring, e.g. pattern monitoring
- G03F7/7055—Exposure light control in all parts of the microlithographic apparatus, e.g. pulse length control or light interruption
- G03F7/70558—Dose control, i.e. achievement of a desired dose
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05G—X-RAY TECHNIQUE
- H05G2/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for producing X-rays, not involving X-ray tubes, e.g. involving generation of a plasma
Definitions
- the invention relates to photolithography by radiation in the extreme ultraviolet, in particular for the manufacture of integrated circuits.
- the etching is all the finer the shorter the wavelength of the radiation.
- EUV extreme ultraviolet
- the wavelength of the radiation extends from approximately 8 nanometers to approximately 25 nanometers, making it possible to achieve an etching fineness typically less than a hundred nanometers.
- the radiation comes from a plasma, seat of an interaction between a mist comprising micrometric droplets of xenon and / or water and a laser beam.
- the laser source can be in the form of a nanosecond laser of the Nd: YAG type. It excites a jet of particles from a nozzle and thus forming the aforementioned mist of droplets.
- publication WO0232197 discloses radiation in the extreme ultraviolet resulting from the excitation of a liquid jet of xenon.
- EUV radiation is obtained by the interaction between several laser beams and a jet of particles such as a xenon fog.
- laser sources are arranged to emit shots substantially in the same region of the jet and substantially at the same time.
- the frequency of laser shots is of the order of one to a few tens of kHz.
- substantially at the same time thus mean the fact that at each firing period, for example every 0.1 ms, a certain number of elementary light pulses, each generated by an elementary laser, are grouped into a set of simultaneous and / or juxtaposed pulses in time called composite pulses. Possibly this juxtaposition can constitute two groups of pulses at two respective times: a first group to initiate the plasma and a second group to increase it, the time difference between these two groups being much smaller than the period of recurrence of the shots. It should however be noted that the shift of the elementary impulses in space and in time aims at adapting the energy supply to the needs of the plasma according to its temporal evolution, in order to improve the energy balance. The device described in no way seeks to make a fine adjustment of the light power delivered.
- the prior art does not offer or suggest any other method or device allowing extreme ultraviolet photogravure which on the one hand is effectively continuous, that is to say without steps of the process other than the displacement of the object does not come to slow down the timing of the pulses of extreme ultraviolet radiation, and which on the other hand allows a standard deviation on the distribution of the error on the received doses of the order of 0, 1% or less.
- the present invention aims to respond to this lack, and describes a method allowing an extreme ultraviolet photogravure which on the one hand is effectively continuous, that is to say without steps of the process other than the displacement of the object. come to slow down the timing of the pulses of extreme ultraviolet radiation, and which on the other hand allows a standard deviation on the distribution of the error on the doses received of the order of 0.1% or less.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a device applying this method.
- the object receives the radiation through an irradiation window of selected width which is substantially immobile with respect to the radiation.
- the pulses are produced by the impact, on a target capable of generating a plasma comprising at least one emission line in the extreme ultraviolet, of at least two beams of coherent light coming from pulsed laser sources, which will be by the continually designated "laser" at all. So that the number of these lasers remains reasonable despite the importance of the instantaneous power and of the energy required for the plasma to radiate in the extreme ultraviolet, these lasers, a priori of the same power, each have a high peak power, of the order of several hundred kW. They emit pulses with an energy of a few tens of mJ, and their average power is of the order of several hundred watts.
- the invention requires that this peak power remains below the threshold value P s which firstly produces the ignition of the plasma, then secondly the emission by this plasma of at least one line in extreme ultraviolet. Below this threshold P s , the ignition of the plasma can occur, but not its radiation in the extreme ultraviolet.
- These laser beams when they strike the same region of the aforementioned target, generate a plasma having at least one emission line in the extreme ultraviolet.
- the transverse displacement of the object having an area to be exposed is chosen so that between two successive pulses of extreme ultraviolet radiation, its amplitude is a fraction 1 / N of the width of the irradiation window according to the direction of this displacement .
- the method according to the invention therefore applies to any photolithography process in which: - the object to be lithographed has a flat surface, arranged orthogonally to the light radiation, and having a photosensitive zone, this object being able to move transversely to this.
- radiation the radiation effecting the etching comprises at least one line in the extreme ultraviolet, and consists of N successive current pulses, the surface energy of which through an irradiation window is measured, - these radiation pulses are produced by the impact on an appropriate target of at least two laser beams coming from pulsed laser sources chosen from a plurality, each emitting at each triggering a quantum of energy of given duration, these lasers being focused at the same location of the target.
- appropriate target is meant a target capable of emitting a plasma having at least one emission line in the extreme ultraviolet.
- plural of Jaser sources is meant an amount sufficient to produce the irradiation necessary for photogravure in N current pulses.
- This process is characterized in that it comprises the following iterative steps, set out for a n ⁇ em ⁇ iteration: a) integration of the surface energy of extreme ultraviolet radiation having passed through the irradiation window during the last N - 1 pulses, b) during the time interval separating two successive pulses of radiation, translation of the photosensitive object by a distance equal to a fraction 1 / N of the width of the irradiation window along the axis of this translation, c ) subtraction of the integral obtained in step a) from the amount of energy required for the photoengraving process, d) determination of the amount of energy remaining to provide to reach this amount of energy, e) calculation of the number from quanta of pulses remaining to be generated for a n 'ee pulse, f) determination of a corresponding number of laser sources to light and selection of laser sources equal in number to the integer part of this number, g) synchronous triggering lasers chosen in step f), and repeating these steps a) to g) for
- the number of laser sources calculated in step f) is fractional, and the fractional part of this number corresponds to an energy supply less than a quantum.
- the amount of energy less than a quantum, associated with this fractional part of the number of lasers is provided by a laser source capable of deliver the quantum of energy common to the other laser sources, and triggered with a delay, less than the duration ⁇ t of a quantum, relative to the date of synchronous triggering of the other laser sources which deliver the whole part of the number of quantum of the same current pulse.
- the pulse bringing the fractional part of a quantum lasts beyond the extinction of the lasers chosen in step f) above, and intended to bring the entire part of the number of lasers. It is then alone, so that the overall instantaneous power becomes less than the threshold P s which produces the emission by the plasma of at least one line in the extreme ultraviolet.
- the part of the quantum of energy subsequent to the extinction of the first lasers of this same current pulse no longer makes any contribution to extreme ultraviolet radiation.
- This same laser can, in another current pulse, generate an integer quantum. This also allows very important flexibility and precision in the adjustment of the laser power.
- the number of laser sources calculated in step f) is fractional
- the amount of energy less than a quantum, associated with this fractional part of the number of lasers is provided by several laser sources capable to deliver the same quantum of energy as the other laser sources, and of which:
- the first is triggered at a delay (l-k- ⁇ ) ⁇ t, (where 0 ⁇ k- ⁇ ⁇ 1) after the instant of the triggering of the synchronous lasers representing the whole part of the number of lasers,
- the second is triggered at a delay (1-k 2 ) ⁇ t (where k 1 ⁇ k 2 ⁇ 1) after the moment of triggering of the synchronous lasers representing the whole part of the number of lasers,
- the sum of these delays is less than the duration of a quantum ⁇ t.
- the coefficient k is preferably chosen proportional to the fractional part of the number of lasers.
- the amount of energy less than a quantum, associated with this fractional part of the number of lasers is provided by a laser source capable to provide energy less than a quantum, and triggered with a delay, less than the duration ⁇ t of a quantum, relative to the synchronous triggering date of the other laser sources which deliver the whole part of the number of quantum of the same pulse common.
- the amount of energy less than a quantum, associated with this fractional part of the number of lasers is provided by several laser sources capable of delivering an amount of energy less than a quantum, and of which: the first is triggered at a delay (lk- ⁇ ) ⁇ t, (where 0 ⁇ k 1 ⁇ 1) after the instant of the triggering of the synchronous lasers representing the whole part of the number of lasers,
- the second is triggered at a delay (1-k 2 ) ⁇ t (where k ⁇ ⁇ k 2 ⁇ 1) after the moment of triggering of the synchronous lasers representing the whole part of the number of lasers,
- the sum of these delays is less than the duration of a quantum ⁇ t.
- the present invention also relates to a device applying the method of the invention.
- the ultraviolet radiation photolithography device then comprises:
- a source of radiation in the extreme ultraviolet comprising at least two laser beams originating from pulsed laser sources each emitting a quantum of energy of given duration during a laser shot, and capable of exciting the same region of a target capable of emitting a plasma having at least one emission line in the extreme ultraviolet,
- transverse displacement relative to the window, of an object to be photolithographed having a flat surface, orthogonal to the radiation, and having a photosensitive zone, said displacement being chosen so that between two successive pulses of radiation in the extreme ultraviolet, the transverse displacement of the object with respect to the irradiation window is a fraction 1 / N of the width of this window according to the direction of displacement, so that the same strip in said zone of the object is exposed to a predetermined number N of successive pulses of extreme ultraviolet radiation.
- the device within the meaning of the invention further comprises:
- - means for calculating, for n 'ee current pulse outputting: * the sum of the measured energy of the extreme ultraviolet radiation in the N-1 last pulses, which means of the integral of the peak irradiation power over the full duration of the last N-1 pulses, * of the amount of energy remaining to be supplied by a next n ⁇ eme pulse, by comparing said sum with a predetermined total energy dose necessary for photogravure, * of a number of quanta of energy which the laser sources must provide to obtain said quantity of energy of said n th pulse, taking into account that the pulses of laser light of instantaneous power lower than the threshold power will not contribute to generate extreme ultraviolet radiation,
- the means for moving the object to be photoetched with respect to the radiation are active to then move the object in an increment equivalent to said fraction 1 / N of the width of the window.
- the invention further comprises means capable of generating such delays as a function of the value of the fractional part of the number of lasers, for generating said n 'th current pulse.
- said target is a directive jet of xenon microdroplets in fog.
- this target can be a liquid jet of xenon as described in the publication WO0232197 cited above.
- the laser shots come from pulsed solid lasers operating as oscillators, and pumped by diodes operating continuously.
- the laser control system can be provided, according to a variant, so that the quanta of energy not required for a current pulse are triggered apart from this pulse, separately, so that that they never exceed the threshold P s .
- FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a device for implementing the photolithography method at meaning of the invention
- - Figure 2a schematically represents a variation of the emission coefficient of the EUV radiation source as a function of the number of active laser sources at the same time
- - Figure 2b schematically represents a variation of the emissivity of the EUV source as a function of the energy supplied by the laser shots
- - Figure 3a schematically represents the contribution of the laser shots as a function of time, to form EUV pulses of adjusted energies
- - Figure 3b schematically represents an EUV pulse of adjusted energy, immediately followed by the triggering of quanta of excess energy whose instantaneous power remains below the threshold Ps, - the FIG.
- FIG. 4 schematically represents a part of a control block for the generation of laser shots
- FIG. 5 diagrammatically represents steps of a method within the meaning of the invention
- FIGS. 6a to 6d diagrammatically represent the position of the irradiation window at successive positions during the exposure of the object OBJ.
- An assembly is made on a surface of a few mm 2 and over a thickness of a few microns which can comprise several thousand components.
- the starting material is a wafer (or wafer) of silicon with a diameter of about ten cm. This disc undergoes several chemical treatments (deposition of thin layers, doping ). Several integrated circuits are then manufactured on the same silicon wafer.
- One of the key processes in the manufacture of integrated circuits is photolithography.
- FIG. 1 representing a wafer OBJ to which radiation is applied in the EUV 23 (extreme ultraviolet) in order to photolithograph the wafer.
- the object OBJ to be photolithographed has a flat surface, orthogonal to the radiation 23, and has a photosensitive zone coated with a photosensitive resin RP capable of moving (arrow 41) transversely to this radiation 23.
- the silicon plate is heated beforehand to more than 1000 ° C.
- the surface of the wafer oxidizes to form a thin insulating layer of silicon oxide.
- a photosensitive resin RP is then applied to the area to be photosensitive to locally cover the surface of the wafer OBJ.
- the silicon wafer OBJ is subjected to radiation 23, preferably using a mask (not shown) capable of representing the desired photolithography pattern.
- This step in the manufacturing process of integrated circuits is called "insolation". On the wavelength of this radiation depends the precision obtained from photolithography and therefore the size of the integrated circuit. Today, these wavelengths are in the visible or the ultraviolet.
- an EUV source emitting radiation with a wavelength of 13.5 nm has been recently developed, at a preferred-repetition rate of 10 kHz for photolithography.
- the EUV emission is obtained by the interaction between a preferred number of 10 pulsed Nd'YAG laser beams, emitting at an average rate of 10 kHz in the infrared (solid lasers) and a continuous jet of Xenon.
- a hot plasma is obtained, emitting radiation at a wavelength of 13.5 nm.
- laser sources referenced 10 to 19 are shown which are capable of exciting a jet of particles 21 circulating in an interaction chamber 20.
- this jet of particles 21 comprises a directive mist of xenon microdroplets .
- the lasers 10 to 19 are capable of emitting laser shots focused on the same region of the jet 21.
- Active lasers each emitting a shot of an energy of one quantum on the particle jet, excite it and tend to create a plasma there. If the total contribution of quanta in energy exceeds a threshold value P s (corresponding to the threshold emission of extreme ultraviolet radiation), the interaction plasma begins and then the emission line in the extreme ultraviolet appears for a time approximately corresponding to the time of the laser pulse exceeding the threshold P s .
- P s corresponding to the threshold emission of extreme ultraviolet radiation
- the arrows referenced EUV indicate the occurrence of such a pulse radiation in the extreme ultraviolet. It propagates in a wide solid angle, and an optical collection device, not shown, is used to collect this radiation and direct it towards the object to be photoetched.
- FIG. 2a shows schematically, by way of example, the emission coefficient of the EUV source (in percentage) as a function of the number of active laser sources which fire at the same time on the particle jet. In the example described, four laser sources are sufficient to initiate the plasma.
- FIG. 2b of the emissivity (in arbitrary units) as a function of the energy supplied by the laser shots it is indicated that approximately 2.5 ⁇ 10 11 W / cm 2 delivered to the jet of particles is necessary , in the example described, for heating the plasma.
- a control table 30 transmits a control signal from each laser source 10 to 19, to form or not to form a pulse in the EUV at a given instant.
- a time shift is controlled between the laser shots necessary to deliver a pulse at a given instant, in particular for the purpose of adjusting the energy of this pulse.
- FIG. 3a shows very schematically the pulses emitted l. I 2 , l 3 depending on the number of active laser sources and the date of the laser shots. In the example described, all the laser sources are identical or, at least, provide identical energy to the plasma during a laser shot. This is the reason why we chose to qualify this energy as "quantum".
- Each laser source here emits a shot of the same duration ⁇ t (typically of the order of 40 nanoseconds for a solid laser Nd: YAG) and of the same peak power.
- ⁇ t typically of the order of 40 nanoseconds for a solid laser Nd: YAG
- an alternative solution consisting in choosing laser sources capable of emitting shots of different peak powers and / or of durations ⁇ t different is also envisaged to further refine the energy of the pulses emitted.
- the quanta of energy supplied by the laser sources can be different from one laser source to another.
- each quantum Q of energy supplied to the source is represented by a square in which two diagonals cross.
- all ten laser sources are activated at the same time on the date ti.
- the plasma reacting to the excitation of laser shots, delivers the pulse in the EUV whose maximum energy is reached appreciably on the date 1 -, + ⁇ t.
- To deliver a pulse l 2 of energy lower than li only 7 laser sources are used in the example shown.
- the energy of the pulse delivered in the EUV is proportional to the stack of quanta Q, therefore to the number of active laser sources at the same time.
- the seventh laser source is activated at an instant t 73 , shifted by a duration less than ⁇ t with respect to the same instant t 3 from the others shots.
- the quantum bearing the reference 7 in FIG. 3a is delayed by a fraction of the specific duration ⁇ t, compared to the other underlying quanta.
- the left part of the quantum 7 (which contributes, along with the other quanta, to radiation) makes it possible to provide substantially half of a quantum of energy to the plasma to deliver a pulse, while the right part provides half a quantum which is insufficient to maintain the reaction plasma and therefore does not intervene in the energy of the radiation in the EUV.
- the period of recurrence of the pulses I- ,, l 2 , l 3 is of the order of 0.1 milliseconds. It will be understood that a typical value of the order of a few tens of nanoseconds for the duration ⁇ t of a laser shot is much less than the period of the EUV pulses.
- FIG. 3a shows, purely by way of illustration, a stack of two quanta at the same firing date t N.
- the instantaneous power of a quantum is slightly less than half the threshold P s .
- the energy provided by the stack on the date t N is insufficient to initiate the plasma on this date t N.
- the laser sources must fire repeatedly to empty the energy stored in the laser bar.
- the ten lasers 10 to 19 can fire with a time difference between the shots, barely exceeding the necessary energy threshold (corresponding in the figure to more than four Q quanta, but in practical at little more than the instantaneous power of a quantum) to initiate the plasma and generate a pulse specifically in the EUV, at the moment tj.
- this can be done to fire all the lasers without however reaching the maximum energy of the pulse I-, described above.
- the shots offset from the date t do not contribute to the useful energy of the source. For shots following this date tj, it is indicated that the time difference may be less precise.
- the energy contribution of the laser shots to the emission of an EUV pulse can be adjusted as much as desired.
- the laser shot referenced 5 takes place at an instant (1-k ⁇ ⁇ t (with 0 ⁇ k 1 ⁇ 1) after the instant tu of ignition of the preceding lasers and the laser shot referenced 6 takes place at an instant
- a second laser source with a delay (1-k 2 ) ⁇ t (where k 1 ⁇ k 2 ⁇ 1) after the instant of the triggering of the synchronous lasers representing the whole part of the number of lasers,
- This embodiment can be provided for the same quanta as the lasers deliver, or also for quanta which differ for example by their peak power, which could be delivered by different lasers, as indicated above. It is indicated that a laser firing instant can be controlled with an accuracy greater than a few nanoseconds. Thus, with a firing duration of the order of 40 nanoseconds, it is possible to order at least ten different time offsets, for a laser shot to be carried out. It is thus possible to reach quantum fractions substantially of the order of a tenth of a quantum, in the current state of the art.
- At least one first laser shot at a predetermined instant t-n (four laser shots in the example shown in FIG. 3b), and
- the energy of a pulse emitted by the plasma generally depends on the peak power of the sum of the laser shots, we thus show that it is possible to vary the energy of this plasma source by temporally shifting the laser shots.
- the energy emitted by the source can be varied very quickly and thus independently control the energy of each light pulse for a source operating at a repetition rate of up to several tens of kHz.
- the advantage of this solution is also that it does not disturb the thermal balance of the source and that it does not disturb the whole of the source. It has in fact been observed that the source immediately returns to its initial state invariably as a function of the number of simultaneous laser shots.
- the source can for example operate at 80% of its maximum energy and, the next shot, operate at 100% of its maximum energy.
- the average frequency of the laser shots and, from there, the frequency F of the pulses emitted are of the order of 10 kHz.
- a time shift of the laser shots consists in that such shifts can easily be controlled.
- the triggering of each laser shot is carried out using an acousto-optical modulator.
- the acousto-optical modulators MOA1 to MOA10, each associated with a laser source 10 to 19, are controlled by a radiofrequency supply AL (operating for example at 24 MHz at a power for example of 100 W) .
- This frequency of 24 MHz is in particular much higher than the rate of fire at 10 kHz (at least a factor of the order of a thousand).
- the triggering of the Nd: YAG laser pulse is carried out by rapidly reducing the losses in the laser cavity through the use of such an associated acousto-optical modulator.
- a pulse generator Gl sends the firing dates tu at t 20 from each laser source to this radiofrequency supply AL which triggers the laser shots at the requested times tu at t 20 , in order to trigger a pulse at a time t
- collimation and focusing means 22 collect the radiation coming from the interaction chamber 21, in the form of a beam 23 irradiating in the EUV the wafer OBJ through an irradiation window , 40, which will henceforth be called “window".
- this beam is formed by a succession of pulses at l N.
- a relative displacement is created (arrow 41). of the wafer OBJ with respect to the window 40 and to the beam 23.
- This displacement 41 is preferably of a pitch p which is a function of the width L of the window 40 (taken in the direction of the displacement 41).
- the speed V of relative displacement 41 is such that a step p is traversed in a time corresponding to the period T of recurrence of the EUV pulses.
- N is the aforementioned predetermined number. In a preferred embodiment, this number N is 50.
- the EUV source emits pulsed radiation, typically at a frequency of 10 kHz as indicated above, which corresponds to a pulse every 0.1 ms.
- the emitted radiation is then collected in one direction (arrow 23 in FIG. 1), then directed through the window 40 onto a mask (not shown) of the circuit to be lithographed.
- This mask is imaged on the silicon wafer OBJ with a magnification of 0.25, so that the dimension of the image of the window on the silicon is 26mmx2mm.
- each strip on the silicon wafer of width corresponding to a pitch p of displacement of the window receives a certain dose of energy.
- This total dose of energy W tot is for example fixed at 5 mJ / cm z .
- each band in the exposed area must receive a dose of 50 pulses.
- the speed of movement of the image of the window 40 on the silicon wafer OBJ is then adapted so that during the movement (preferably continuously) of the silicon wafer, each strip is exposed to 50 pulses. Consequently, the width of the window 40 at the level of the silicon wafer corresponds to 50 times the pitch p of displacement of the wafer between two successive pulses.
- This displacement considered to be continuous in terms of process, can in reality be indifferently achieved by a stepping motor or by an effectively continuous motor. In the latter case, since the EUV pulses are very brief, the displacements of the object can be considered to be practically zero during the duration of an EUV pulse.
- the silicon wafer has moved a certain distance corresponding to the aforementioned step p.
- the energy dose required for exposure corresponds in the example described to 50 pulses in the EUV.
- the standard deviation of the dose distribution must be less than 0.1%, which corresponds in shooting to open-loop noise to a standard deviation of 1%.
- WMAX corresponds to the maximum energy of a pulse reached with the ten simultaneous laser shots
- W to t 40 W MA X
- part of the radiation 23 in the EUV is deflected without attenuation towards a sensor 31 measuring the surface illumination produced by a current pulse. It can be a photodiode or a CCD camera.
- the response time of such a sensor 31 is fast enough to be able to acquire measurements at a frequency at least equal to 10 kHz.
- the measurement is then communicated to a computer system integrating the control table 30 (control represented by the arrow 32 in FIG. 1).
- the sensor 31 has been shown between the EUV source and the window 40. In practice, provision is rather made to have this sensor 31 after the window 40 in the radiation path 23 (practically on the wafer OBJ) so that the peak power EUV that the OBJ wafer actually receives is as accurate as possible.
- the computer system 33 of FIG. 4 performs several functions. It consists of a classic hardware architecture. It can be a microcontroller integrating a memory, a processor, a clock, or others, or even a microprocessor integrating input / output acquisition cards and making it possible to implement various functions. Given the very strong time constraint of measuring the EUV peak power every 0.1 ms, the calculation of the command to be applied, its application and the routing of information must be performed in real time. The commands for the firing dates t 10 to t 20 are therefore programmed and executed in a real time environment.
- the processor SI equipping the computer system 33 is of course of recent generation, capable of performing all of these functions at a frequency greater than the frequency of the EUV pulses emitted. More particularly, the sensor 31 (rapid acquisition) and the computer system 33, to carry out these calculations, can operate jointly for a period less than a period of recurrence of the EUV pulses.
- the step 51 calculates “the state of the exposed strips”, that is to say the respective doses which the strips have received up to now of the area being exposed to EUV radiation, taking into account the EUV peak power measurement of the last pulse emitted (measured in step 57).
- the components of the vector are shifted such that the component associated with the band exposed for the last time leaves the vector, while between a new component associated with a strip which is going to be exposed for the first time. This shift is made to take into account the displacement of the exposed area of the wafer OBJ, this area having moved between two shots.
- step 52 the energy which would have to be supplied to this band exposed for the last time at the next EUV pulse is calculated from a dose associated with a future outgoing band to arrive at the required dose W tot .
- This EUV pulse energy is then converted into a quantum energy contribution provided by the laser sources, taking into account the energy conversion rate between the laser shots and the EUV energy.
- the energy of the future pulse to be delivered is refined by temporally shifting the pulse dates of the laser shots, as described above.
- step 53 the appropriate dates of the future laser shots are then estimated. By temporally superimposing only a part of the quanta of energy supplied by the shots, we can then obtain a very fine discretization in the control of the EUV energy that we wish to attribute to the future impulse.
- step 54 the laser shots are triggered on the dates estimated in step 53, which generates, in step 55, an EUV pulse of selected energy.
- the process continues by measuring, at step 57, the effective peak power EUV of the pulse emitted at step 55 and by the relative displacement of a step p, at step 56, of the wafer relative to window and EUV radiation source.
- the calculation steps carried out by the computer system 33 are therefore represented, on the left of this figure.
- the actual regulation is preferably carried out for the last pulse to be in a running band of the area of the wafer OBJ exposed to radiation.
- FIGS. 6a to 6d the photosensitive zone created by the deposition of a film of photosensitive resin RP on the surface of the wafer OBJ is shown by hatching.
- FIG. 6a represents the position of the window 40 at the time when the insolation process begins.
- the window 40 is then displaced by an increment of position p corresponding to the width L of the window divided by the number N of pulses to be delivered in the same strip of the area exposed to the radiation, which corresponds to the position of the window shown in Figure 6b.
- a first EUV pulse is sent in this configuration of FIG. 6b.
- the peak power EUV is measured during this first pulse emitted, then integrated over the duration of the pulse, while the window 40 continues to move relative to the wafer OBJ of the step p, in accordance with the regulation process described above. front with reference to FIG. 5.
- FIG. 6c Illustrative in FIG. 6c is the position of window 40 in which it now allows full irradiation of the photosensitive region of the wafer OBJ.
- the band Z1 which was first irradiated in FIG. 6 b now receives its last (fiftieth) pulse, regulated according to the method described above, while the band Z2 immediately adjacent (on the right in FIG. 6c) receives its 49 th impulse.
- the window 40 has moved another step p, it is this strip Z2 immediately adjacent which then receives the fiftieth pulse, of energy regulated as a function of the dose of energy which it previously received, with a view to reaching the total dose of energy mentioned above and denoted W to t.
- the insolation process is continued until reaching the edge of the photosensitive region (to the right of this FIG. 6d).
- the start of the exposure process can be summarized as follows: aO) the photosensitive object to be lithographed is positioned under the window, so that only a section of area to be exposed having a width equal to said fraction is exposed 1 / N of window width, ai) at least part of the laser sources are selected in order to excite the plasma-generating target, and trigger a current pulse towards the area to be exposed, a2) the peak power of l is measured current pulse of extreme ultraviolet radiation actually supplied to the area to be exposed from the object, and its integral is calculated over the duration of the pulse, a3) the object is moved relative to the window, by an increment of position equal to a fraction 1 / N of the window width, a4) repeat steps ai) to a3) as long as the area to be exposed from the object, located under the window, is narrower than the window, delivering estimated energy pulses in s omitting the energy W tot to be supplied to photoetch the object the sum of the energies measured during n successive passages by step a
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Exposure And Positioning Against Photoresist Photosensitive Materials (AREA)
- Exposure Of Semiconductors, Excluding Electron Or Ion Beam Exposure (AREA)
- X-Ray Techniques (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006525852A JP5095209B2 (ja) | 2003-09-05 | 2004-09-01 | 超紫外放射によってフォトリソグラフィーを行うための方法および装置 |
| CN2004800292521A CN1864104B (zh) | 2003-09-05 | 2004-09-01 | 用于远紫外线辐射光刻的方法和设备 |
| EP04787282A EP1660946B1 (fr) | 2003-09-05 | 2004-09-01 | Procede et dispositif de lithographie par rayonnement dans l'extreme ultraviolet |
| US10/570,726 US7480030B2 (en) | 2003-09-05 | 2004-09-01 | Method and device for lithography by extreme ultraviolet radiation |
| KR1020067004621A KR101102608B1 (ko) | 2003-09-05 | 2004-09-01 | 극자외선 방사에 의한 포토리소그래피 방법 및 포토리소그래피 장치 |
| DE602004006281T DE602004006281T2 (de) | 2003-09-05 | 2004-09-01 | Verfahren und einrichtung zur lithographie durch extrem-ultraviolettstrahlung |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0310547 | 2003-09-05 | ||
| FR0310547A FR2859545B1 (fr) | 2003-09-05 | 2003-09-05 | Procede et dispositif de lithographie par rayonnement dans l'extreme utraviolet |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2005029191A2 true WO2005029191A2 (fr) | 2005-03-31 |
| WO2005029191A3 WO2005029191A3 (fr) | 2005-06-09 |
Family
ID=34178832
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR2004/002226 Ceased WO2005029191A2 (fr) | 2003-09-05 | 2004-09-01 | Procede et dispositif de lithographie par rayonnement dans l'extreme ultraviolet |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7480030B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP1660946B1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP5095209B2 (fr) |
| KR (1) | KR101102608B1 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN1864104B (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE602004006281T2 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2859545B1 (fr) |
| RU (1) | RU2359303C2 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2005029191A2 (fr) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008204815A (ja) * | 2007-02-20 | 2008-09-04 | Komatsu Ltd | 極端紫外光源装置 |
| JP2012146683A (ja) * | 2012-04-18 | 2012-08-02 | Komatsu Ltd | 極端紫外光源装置 |
Families Citing this family (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2884652B1 (fr) * | 2005-04-19 | 2009-07-10 | Femlight Sa | Dispositif de generation d'impulsions laser amplifiees par fibres optiques a couches photoniques |
| DE102006060368B3 (de) * | 2006-12-16 | 2008-07-31 | Xtreme Technologies Gmbh | Verfahren und Anordnung zur Stabilisierung der mittleren abgegebenen Strahlungsleistung einer gepulst betriebenen Strahlungsquelle |
| JP5335298B2 (ja) * | 2008-06-20 | 2013-11-06 | ギガフォトン株式会社 | 極端紫外光源装置及び極端紫外光の生成方法 |
| EP2154574B1 (fr) * | 2008-08-14 | 2011-12-07 | ASML Netherlands BV | Source de radiation et procédé pour la production de radiation |
| KR101031779B1 (ko) * | 2008-11-20 | 2011-04-29 | 한국표준과학연구원 | 다중광노출법 기반 초고분해능 리소그래피 장치 및 방법 |
| JP5612579B2 (ja) * | 2009-07-29 | 2014-10-22 | ギガフォトン株式会社 | 極端紫外光源装置、極端紫外光源装置の制御方法、およびそのプログラムを記録した記録媒体 |
| JP5578483B2 (ja) * | 2009-09-01 | 2014-08-27 | 株式会社Ihi | Lpp方式のeuv光源とその発生方法 |
| DE102010047419B4 (de) | 2010-10-01 | 2013-09-05 | Xtreme Technologies Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von EUV-Strahlung aus einem Gasentladungsplasma |
| DE102011005826A1 (de) * | 2011-03-21 | 2012-03-29 | Carl Zeiss Smt Gmbh | Optische Vorrichtung |
| TWI618453B (zh) * | 2013-01-10 | 2018-03-11 | Asml荷蘭公司 | 用以調整雷射光束脈衝時序以調節極端紫外光劑量之方法及系統 |
| WO2017108502A1 (fr) * | 2015-12-22 | 2017-06-29 | Philips Lighting Holding B.V. | Système et procédé de commande d'éclairage sensible à la demande |
| RU2658314C1 (ru) * | 2016-06-14 | 2018-06-20 | Общество С Ограниченной Ответственностью "Эуф Лабс" | Высокояркостный источник эуф-излучения и способ генерации излучения из лазерной плазмы |
| US9832852B1 (en) | 2016-11-04 | 2017-11-28 | Asml Netherlands B.V. | EUV LPP source with dose control and laser stabilization using variable width laser pulses |
| US11392036B2 (en) | 2020-01-31 | 2022-07-19 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Photoresist and method |
| KR102470475B1 (ko) | 2020-11-12 | 2022-11-25 | 아이센서스 주식회사 | 리소그래피 장치 및 리소그래피 방법 |
| CN112951049B (zh) * | 2020-12-31 | 2022-11-25 | 重庆工程职业技术学院 | 一种基于可变换单辐射源的量子退相干试验箱 |
| CN113433805B (zh) * | 2021-07-26 | 2023-04-14 | 广东省智能机器人研究院 | 极紫外光光刻方法和系统 |
| CN113433804B (zh) * | 2021-07-26 | 2023-04-14 | 广东省智能机器人研究院 | 极紫外光光刻方法和系统 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4504964A (en) * | 1982-09-20 | 1985-03-12 | Eaton Corporation | Laser beam plasma pinch X-ray system |
| JP3235078B2 (ja) * | 1993-02-24 | 2001-12-04 | 株式会社ニコン | 走査露光方法、露光制御装置、走査型露光装置、及びデバイス製造方法 |
| JPH08213192A (ja) * | 1995-02-02 | 1996-08-20 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | X線発生装置およびその発生方法 |
| US6038279A (en) * | 1995-10-16 | 2000-03-14 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | X-ray generating device, and exposure apparatus and semiconductor device production method using the X-ray generating device |
| JP2001035688A (ja) * | 1999-07-26 | 2001-02-09 | Nikon Corp | 軟x線発生装置及びこれを備えた露光装置及び軟x線の発生方法 |
| AU1454100A (en) * | 1998-10-27 | 2000-05-15 | Jmar Research, Inc. | Shaped source of soft x-ray, extreme ultraviolet and ultraviolet radiation |
| FR2799667B1 (fr) * | 1999-10-18 | 2002-03-08 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede et dispositif de generation d'un brouillard dense de gouttelettes micrometriques et submicrometriques, application a la generation de lumiere dans l'extreme ultraviolet notamment pour la lithographie |
| FR2802311B1 (fr) * | 1999-12-08 | 2002-01-18 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Dispositif de lithographie utilisant une source de rayonnement dans le domaine extreme ultraviolet et des miroirs multicouches a large bande spectrale dans ce domaine |
| FR2814599B1 (fr) * | 2000-09-27 | 2005-05-20 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Dispositif laser de forte puissance crete et application a la generation de lumiere dans l'extreme ultra violet |
-
2003
- 2003-09-05 FR FR0310547A patent/FR2859545B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2004
- 2004-09-01 KR KR1020067004621A patent/KR101102608B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-09-01 JP JP2006525852A patent/JP5095209B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-09-01 DE DE602004006281T patent/DE602004006281T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-09-01 US US10/570,726 patent/US7480030B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-09-01 EP EP04787282A patent/EP1660946B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-09-01 RU RU2006110946/28A patent/RU2359303C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-09-01 WO PCT/FR2004/002226 patent/WO2005029191A2/fr not_active Ceased
- 2004-09-01 CN CN2004800292521A patent/CN1864104B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008204815A (ja) * | 2007-02-20 | 2008-09-04 | Komatsu Ltd | 極端紫外光源装置 |
| JP2012146683A (ja) * | 2012-04-18 | 2012-08-02 | Komatsu Ltd | 極端紫外光源装置 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1660946A2 (fr) | 2006-05-31 |
| RU2359303C2 (ru) | 2009-06-20 |
| WO2005029191A3 (fr) | 2005-06-09 |
| DE602004006281T2 (de) | 2008-01-10 |
| US7480030B2 (en) | 2009-01-20 |
| FR2859545A1 (fr) | 2005-03-11 |
| EP1660946B1 (fr) | 2007-05-02 |
| FR2859545B1 (fr) | 2005-11-11 |
| CN1864104B (zh) | 2010-09-29 |
| JP2007504672A (ja) | 2007-03-01 |
| KR101102608B1 (ko) | 2012-01-04 |
| KR20060058721A (ko) | 2006-05-30 |
| CN1864104A (zh) | 2006-11-15 |
| US20070127007A1 (en) | 2007-06-07 |
| DE602004006281D1 (de) | 2007-06-14 |
| JP5095209B2 (ja) | 2012-12-12 |
| RU2006110946A (ru) | 2007-10-20 |
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