WO2005032275A1 - Antioxidant of bamboo leaves and its use - Google Patents

Antioxidant of bamboo leaves and its use Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005032275A1
WO2005032275A1 PCT/CN2004/001133 CN2004001133W WO2005032275A1 WO 2005032275 A1 WO2005032275 A1 WO 2005032275A1 CN 2004001133 W CN2004001133 W CN 2004001133W WO 2005032275 A1 WO2005032275 A1 WO 2005032275A1
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Prior art keywords
antioxidant
bamboo leaf
aob
bamboo
antioxidants
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PCT/CN2004/001133
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Ying Zhang
Xiaoqin Wu
Zhuoyu Yu
Dingding Luo
Boyi Lu
Yu Zhang
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Zhejiang University ZJU
Zhejiang University Hangzhou Leaf Bio Technology Co Ltd
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Zhejiang University ZJU
Zhejiang University Hangzhou Leaf Bio Technology Co Ltd
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Priority to US10/575,007 priority Critical patent/US20080233242A1/en
Priority to JP2006529563A priority patent/JP2007507437A/ja
Publication of WO2005032275A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005032275A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C69/00Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic or haloformic acids
    • C07C69/66Esters of carboxylic acids having esterified carboxylic groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and having any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, acyloxy, groups, groups, or in the acid moiety
    • C07C69/73Esters of carboxylic acids having esterified carboxylic groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and having any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, acyloxy, groups, groups, or in the acid moiety of unsaturated acids
    • C07C69/734Ethers
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23BPRESERVATION OF FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES
    • A23B70/00Preservation of non-alcoholic beverages
    • A23B70/10Preservation of non-alcoholic beverages by addition of preservatives
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23LFOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
    • A23L2/00Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L2/52Adding ingredients
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23LFOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
    • A23L33/00Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23LFOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
    • A23L33/00Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • A23L33/105Plant extracts, their artificial duplicates or their derivatives
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P17/00Drugs for dermatological disorders
    • A61P17/18Antioxidants, e.g. antiradicals
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/04Antibacterial agents
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C59/00Compounds having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and containing any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, groups, groups, or groups
    • C07C59/40Unsaturated compounds
    • C07C59/42Unsaturated compounds containing hydroxy or O-metal groups
    • C07C59/52Unsaturated compounds containing hydroxy or O-metal groups a hydroxy or O-metal group being bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C59/00Compounds having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and containing any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, groups, groups, or groups
    • C07C59/40Unsaturated compounds
    • C07C59/58Unsaturated compounds containing ether groups, groups, groups, or groups
    • C07C59/64Unsaturated compounds containing ether groups, groups, groups, or groups containing six-membered aromatic rings
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D311/00Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only hetero atom, condensed with other rings
    • C07D311/02Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only hetero atom, condensed with other rings ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
    • C07D311/04Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring
    • C07D311/06Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring with oxygen or sulfur atoms directly attached in position 2
    • C07D311/08Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring with oxygen or sulfur atoms directly attached in position 2 not hydrogenated in the hetero ring
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D311/00Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only hetero atom, condensed with other rings
    • C07D311/02Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only hetero atom, condensed with other rings ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
    • C07D311/04Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring
    • C07D311/22Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring with oxygen or sulfur atoms directly attached in position 4
    • C07D311/26Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring with oxygen or sulfur atoms directly attached in position 4 with aromatic rings attached in position 2 or 3
    • C07D311/28Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring with oxygen or sulfur atoms directly attached in position 4 with aromatic rings attached in position 2 or 3 with aromatic rings attached in position 2 only
    • C07D311/30Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring with oxygen or sulfur atoms directly attached in position 4 with aromatic rings attached in position 2 or 3 with aromatic rings attached in position 2 only not hydrogenated in the hetero ring, e.g. flavones
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23VINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
    • A23V2002/00Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2601/00Systems containing only non-condensed rings
    • C07C2601/12Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a six-membered ring
    • C07C2601/14The ring being saturated

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of food additives, in particular to a bamboo leaf antioxidant and use thereof.
  • a bamboo leaf antioxidant Provide food industry with a rich resource, good safety, good quality, low cost, natural nutrition and multifunctional food supplement.
  • AOB bamboo leaf antioxidants
  • China's food additive industry has considerable differences in terms of quality, safety, and quantity, and has great development space and potential.
  • China's additive industry has actively advocated the "natural, nutritional, and multifunctional" approach, which is consistent with the international trend of returning to nature.
  • China's Green Food Development Center has stipulated in various standards on green foods promulgated in September 1999: In AA green food, only natural additives are allowed, and any chemical synthetic additives are prohibited in the production process. Chemically synthesized pesticides and synthetic food additives shall not be detected.
  • China has a vast area and rich resources. It has a tradition of homogeneous medicine and food for thousands of years. It has unique advantages in developing natural, nutritious and multifunctional food additives. There are many types of food additives, and the focus of development should be on new varieties with good quality, high safety, no odor, and low price. The development of natural food additives has become an irreversible international trend.
  • antioxidants are the weakest link.
  • the use of antioxidants to prevent food oxidation is the most common and very effective means of storing food.
  • Antioxidants are generally divided into two categories: oil-soluble and water-soluble.
  • the former includes natural VE and synthetic propyl gallate (PG), ascorbates, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), dibutylhydroxytoluene (BHT), and tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ);
  • PG propyl gallate
  • BHA butylated hydroxyanisole
  • BHT dibutylhydroxytoluene
  • TBHQ tert-butylhydroquinone
  • the latter includes VC, isoVC and its salts, phytic acid, tea polyphenols, and the like.
  • synthetic antioxidants such as BHA and BHT are used more frequently. There are some problems with their safety.
  • bamboo plants not only have high economic value, but also have extensive ecological and social benefits. With its unique biology, ecology, and multi-purpose characteristics, bamboo is increasingly being valued by people, and it is playing an increasingly important role in China's sustainable development strategy.
  • bamboo leaf is widely used in our country. It has a long history of medicinal and edible food. It is a famous antipyretic and antidote for Chinese medicine. The light bamboo leaf was originally included in “Bei Lu” and was classified as a Chinese product. It was published in “Big cold, non-toxic. Indications of phlegm heat in the chest, cough and upset of qi.” According to the record of "Chinese Medicine Cihai”, light bamboo leaf functions: Indication of heat removal Annoying, diuretic. "Medicinal Herbal Medicine” states: “The main cough, thirst, phlegm, phlegm, numbness, and heat-relief.” The medical pharmacists of all ages have discussed the edible and medicinal effects of bamboo leaves.
  • bamboo leaf extract is a botanical flavonoid formulation developed by Zhang Yingfang in the 1990s. Its invention patent "a health beer supplemented with bamboo leaf flavonoid extract (ZL 98 1 04563.4)” and “extracted from bamboo leaves The production method of flavonoid extracts or powders (ZL 98 1 04564.2) was authorized by the State Patent Office in 2000 and 2001, respectively. A large number of studies have shown that bamboo leaf flavonoids have excellent anti-free radical, anti-oxidation, anti-aging, antibacterial, Biological effects such as anti-virus, protection of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular, prevention and treatment of senile degenerative diseases.
  • the functional components of bamboo leaf extract are mainly flavonoid glycosides, of which carbon glycosides are the main components.
  • the four main bamboo leaf glucoside flavones are Orientin, Homoorientin, Vitexin. (Vitexin) and Isovitexin .
  • glycoside flavonoids Compared with oxoflavones, glycoside flavonoids have the following outstanding advantages: (1) stable structure and difficult to be degraded; (2) can penetrate deep into the lesion site and directly exert its therapeutic effect; (3) enhanced hydrophilicity is beneficial to Development of food, medicine and cosmetics. The international academic community has been paying attention to flavonoids since the 1990s, and this field is the latest research front.
  • bamboo leaf flavonoids are mainly used as pharmaceutical intermediates, raw materials for health foods, nutrition enhancers for beverages and alcohols, and the like.
  • bamboo leaf flavonoids a potential large variety of plant extracts with local resource characteristics and independent intellectual property rights, it is not enough to be limited to the above application areas only. A solid foundation and capacity must be found for them. It is backed by the basic industries of the huge, stable and sustainable development of the national economy. In view of the unique background of bamboo leaf "drug and food" and the excellent endowment of bamboo leaf flavonoids, the application prospect in the food industry will be very broad. Summary of the invention
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a bamboo leaf antioxidant and its use.
  • bamboo leaf antioxidants as a natural, nutritive and multifunctional additive in the food industry.
  • the advantages of the present invention are: providing a broad source, safe and efficient, peaceful flavor, stable performance, and economically applicable bamboo leaf antioxidant (A0B), which is a natural, nutritious, and multi-functional with characteristics of China's native resources New food additive. Its multifunctionality is reflected in: in addition to its highly effective anti-lipid oxidation performance, it also has antibacterial, bacteriostatic, deodorizing effects and certain nutritional and health care functions. Compared with similar products, its outstanding advantage is also manifested in the processing of meat products, which not only has an antioxidant effect comparable to VE, but also can significantly reduce the amount of nitrate or nitrite after being compounded with isoVc sodium.
  • Figure 1 is the infrared spectrum of bamboo leaf antioxidant (A0B) (tablet with potassium bromide);
  • Figure 2 is an ultraviolet spectrum of bamboo leaf antioxidant (A0B) (dissolved in spectrally pure methanol);
  • Figure 3 is a HPLC chart of bamboo leaf antioxidants (A0B). Specific implementation method
  • Antioxidant of bamboo Leaves referred to in the present invention (A0B) It is a general term for phenolic compounds obtained from the leaves of Graminae, Bambusoideae, and Phyl lostachys Sieb. Et Zucc varieties.
  • the production process can be further crystallized on the basis of the original patented technology (patent number ZL 98 1 04564.2), the specific process is as follows: bamboo leaves ⁇ washing ⁇ drying ⁇ crushing ⁇ ethanol ⁇ aqueous solution hot reflux extraction ⁇ filtration ⁇ Decompression concentration ⁇ Static flocculation ⁇ Separation and decontamination ⁇ N-butanol stepwise extraction ⁇ Concentrated solvent recovery under reduced pressure ⁇ Incubation crystallization ⁇ Centrifugal separation of crystals ⁇ Crystal washing with 95% ethanol ⁇ Vacuum drying ⁇ A0B Based on the crude extract of bamboo leaf flavonoids, high-precision preparations obtained by further using adsorption-desorption, column chromatography, membrane separation, chromatographic separation, and other combined methods.
  • the infrared spectrum of A0B after tabletting with potassium bromide showed characteristic absorption near 3400, 2935, 1626, and ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 1 (see Figure 1). After dissolving it in spectrally pure methanol, scanning was performed in a wavelength range of 200 to 600 nm.
  • the ultraviolet spectrum shows that there are two main absorption peaks in the 240 to 400 nm region, of which there is a strong absorption peak near 270 nm and near 330 nm. There was a strong absorption peak (see Figure 2).
  • Identification of A0B's chemical reagents Take 0.5g of this product and dissolve it in 100mL of 95% ethanol, and identify by the following method: 1 Take 1mL of the above solution, add 2 ⁇ 3 drops of 1% FeCl 3 -ethanol solution, it should show dark blue or blue-violet . 2 Take 1mL of the above solution, add 2 ⁇ 3 drops of 1% A1C1 3 -ethanol solution, it should be bright yellow. Take 0.5g of this product, add 10mL of ether, ultrasonic-assisted extraction for 30s, and filter.
  • the latest research involved in the present invention shows that the antioxidant effects of the components obtained after further separation by column chromatography and counter-current chromatography are close to or equivalent to this product, so A0B is a complex group with synergistic growth.
  • the effective anti-oxidant mixture is mainly flavonoids, lactones and phenolic compounds.
  • the main flavonoids are flavonoids from carbon, four representative compounds are: (I) Orientin (Orientin, C 21 H 20 O n, 448), ( ⁇ ) homoorientin (Homoori ent in, C 21 H 2.0 u , 448), (III) vitexin (Vitexin, C 21 H 20 0 10 , 432) and (IV) isovitetin (Isoriextin, C 21 H 20 0 10 , 432); lactones
  • the compounds are mainly (V) Hydroxyl- Coumarin and its glycosides; phenolic compounds are mainly derivatives of cinnamic acid, including (VI) Chlorogenic acid (C 16 H 18 0 9 , 354 ); (VH) Caff eic acid (C 9 H 8 0 4 , 180); (WO Ferulic acid (C 10 H 10 0 4 , 194).
  • A0B is characterized by being able to both block the chain reaction of fat auto-oxidation and chelate transition metal ions. It also acts as a primary and secondary antioxidant. Has strong anti-free radical activity, can scavenge a variety of reactive oxygen free radicals (0H, 0 2 ⁇ , R0, R00, etc.); has excellent antioxidant activity, effectively inhibits lipid peroxidation, and is effective for lipid peroxidation products MDA production has a significant inhibitory effect; it can effectively remove nitrite and block the synthesis of the strong carcinogen nitrosamine; meanwhile, it also has a strong antibacterial effect on Salmonella typhi, Gram-negative bacilli and positive cocci have some inhibitory effects. In addition, in some cases, A0B also exhibits good coloring, flavoring, flavoring, and deodorizing effects.
  • A0B has a mild flavor and taste, no medicinal, bitter and pungent odor, good water solubility, stable quality, can effectively resist acid hydrolysis, pyrolysis and enzymatic hydrolysis, and is suitable for a variety of food systems. Its versatility is reflected in: In addition to its highly effective anti-lipid oxidation performance, it is also a natural yellow pigment, which has both antibacterial, bacteriostatic, deodorizing, and aroma-increasing effects.
  • Nitrate or without reducing the amount, significantly reduce its residual amount, inhibit the formation of N-nitrosamines, and improve the safety of meat products; have anti-oxidant effects on monascus commonly used in meat products
  • the role of color protection helps to improve its stability, improve the color of meat products, and improve product performance.
  • due to the presence of rich polyhydroxy phenolic compounds in AOB it has good water retention and moisturizing properties, which helps The improvement of the quality of the meat is particularly important for Western-style products used after slicing.
  • the AOB of the present invention can be used alone or in combination with other natural antioxidants (such as phospholipids, phytic acid), vitamins (such as VE, VC and their derivatives), metal ion chelating agents (such as EDTA, citric acid) in the food system. ), Surfactants (such as Span80, Span40), etc., and have significant synergistic effects.
  • antioxidants such as phospholipids, phytic acid
  • vitamins such as VE, VC and their derivatives
  • metal ion chelating agents such as EDTA, citric acid
  • Surfactants such as Span80, Span40
  • the AOB of the present invention When the AOB of the present invention is added to various food systems at an appropriate ratio, it can play a role in removing active oxygen free radicals, resisting lipid peroxidation, extending shelf life, and reducing the amount of coloring agents (nitrate or nitrite). And residual amount, multiple functions such as antibacterial, bacteriostatic, preservation, color protection, deodorization, and flavor correction.
  • the AOB of the present invention can be made into various forms according to actual needs, such as powder, water, microemulsion, microcapsule preparation, etc., or it can be enhanced by further structural modification (such as esterification of flavonoids with palmitoyl chloride). Oil performance.
  • the invention will be illustrated by the following non-limiting examples.
  • the amount of AOB added in the following examples is all by weight.
  • A0B based on the weight percentage of meat filling, dissolved in water in advance
  • tea polyphenols are used as a control.
  • TSA modified thiobarbituric acid
  • A0B was mixed with a 0.03% aqueous solution, and at the same time, a TBHQ (melted with ethanol in advance) control was set, and Jinhua ham slices with a thickness of about 1 cm were immersed for 2 minutes to compare the effects on the antioxidant performance and sensory quality of sliced ham.
  • A0B has some concealed flavor of raw ham, but tasted after cooking, there is no difference in flavor and taste, and the color difference measurement shows no significant difference in ham color (P> 0.
  • AOB bamboo leaf antioxidants
  • Macrobrachium rosenbergii and Eriocheir sinensis After harvesting Macrobrachium rosenbergii and Eriocheir sinensis, put them in clear water tanks for 20 ⁇ 24h (aeration), and add 0.015% AOB to the temporary water, while feeding the residues in the digestive tract, the shrimp, The crab body ingested a certain amount of A0B antioxidants.
  • Shrimp and crab can be processed into soft cans after the temporary storage.
  • the normal temperature and low temperature storage and high temperature oxidation promotion tests were performed respectively.
  • the addition of A0B in the temporary storage water significantly enhanced the product's oxidation resistance.
  • the finished product's color retention was significantly better than the control. (P ⁇ 0.
  • AOB bamboo leaf antioxidant
  • Mayonnaise is an emulsified semi-solid food made with egg yolk and edible vegetable oil as the main raw materials and added with several auxiliary materials. It is a seasoning with high nutritional value. Based on the basic formula (70% of sunflower oil, 14% of fresh egg yolk, 12% of pure white vinegar, 2% of sugar, 1% of salt, and 1% of dry mustard), different ratios of A0B were added, and tea polyphenols (TP ) Control group and blank control group. The sensory evaluation, color difference analysis, peroxide value (POV) and total carbonyl compound content (TCC) were measured to compare the antioxidant properties of A0B and TP.
  • POV peroxide value
  • TCC total carbonyl compound content
  • AOB bamboo leaf antioxidant
  • AOB When AOB is used in soft drinks (including carbonated drinks, non-carbonated drinks, tea drinks, etc.), it is used as both an antioxidant and a nutrition enhancer.
  • the amount of AOB is generally controlled at 150 ⁇ 210mg / L, and the amount of sucrose can be appropriately reduced.
  • the main feature of the product is the fragrance of bamboo leaves, rich in flavonoid functional factors, low calories, clearing heat, quenching thirst, diphtheria, diuretic, and very stable quality. It is a new type of nutritional health drink.
  • AOB When added in brewing wine (wine, rice wine, and beer), AOB plays the dual role of antioxidant and nutrition enhancement.
  • the addition amount can generally be controlled between 60 ⁇ 500mg / L, and it is added before wine-based filtering and filling. Taking Shaoxing Tower brand rice wine as an example, when the added amount of AOB was 150mg / L, the ability of rice wine to remove OV ⁇ P OH was increased by 40.0% and 28.5%, respectively, as measured by chemiluminescence method.
  • has good compatibility with the wine body of the brewed wine, and is controlled within a certain range of added doses, which not only maintains the original quality of the wine body, but also gives the product a light bamboo flavor and mellow taste, which can be used as A natural and multi-functional biological antioxidant is used for nutrition enhancement and quality preservation of brewed wine.
  • Dissolve 10 g of AOB in 40 g of Span 40 (heat if necessary), add 50 g of Span 80, mix well to prepare a fat-soluble AOB solution with a mass fraction of 0.10, and use it according to the actual amount of AOB in the oil.
  • the addition amount of AOB in a pure oil and fat system is 0.01 to 0.05%.

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Description

竹叶抗氧化物及其用途 技术领域
本发明涉及食品添加剂领域,尤其涉及一种竹叶抗氧化物及其用途。为食品工业 提供一种资源量丰富、 安全性好、 品质优良、 成本低廉的天然营养多功能的食品添加 齐 lj。 具体地说是从竹叶中提取的竹叶抗氧化物 (AOB)的化学组成、 理化特性、 抗氧活 性及其在食用油、 含油食品、 肉制品、 水产品、 果汁、 软饮料、 酿造酒、 乳制品、 调 味品、 膨化食品和糕点等中的应用。 背景技术
食品工业关系到国计民生, 它在各国的经济领域都占有极其重要的地位。 原料、 过程与设备、食品添加剂是制约现代食品工业发展的三大要素, 其中食品添加剂是三 大要素中最为活跃和积极的要素。
当前, 我国食品添加剂工业与国外先进水平相比, 无论是质量、 安全性, 还是数 量上都存在相当大的差异, 具有很大的发展空间和潜力。 近年来, 我国添加剂行业积 极倡导 "天然、 营养、 多功能 "的方针, 这与国际上回归大自然的趋势相一致。 中国 绿色食品发展中心早在 1999年 9月颁布的有关绿色食品的各种标准中就规定:在 AA 级绿色食品中,只允许使用天然添加剂,在生产过程中禁止使用任何化学合成添加剂, 成品中不得检出化学合成的农药及合成的食品添加剂。 我国地域辽阔, 资源丰富, 有 着几千年药食同源的传统, 发展天然、 营养、 多功能的食品添加剂有着独特的优势。 食品添加剂的种类繁多, 开发重点应是那些品质优良、 安全性高、.不带异味、 价格低 廉的新品种。 天然食品添加剂的发展己成为一种不可逆转的国际潮流。
在我国食品添加剂产业的品种结构中,抗氧化剂是最薄弱的一环。采用抗氧化剂 来防止食品的氧化是储藏食品的最常用、 也是非常有效的手段。抗氧化剂一般可分为 油溶性和水溶性两类。 前者包括天然的 VE和人工合成的没食子酸丙酯 (PG)、 抗坏血 酸酯类、丁羟基茴香醚 (BHA)、二丁基羟基甲苯(BHT)和叔丁基对苯二酚(TBHQ)等; 后者包括 VC、 异 VC及其盐类、 植酸、 茶多酚等。 其中用得较多的是 BHA、 BHT等 合成抗氧剂, 它们的安全性存在一些问题, 动物实验表明有一定的毒性和致癌作用, 在发达国家大多己限制使用。如 BHA对大鼠前胃有致癌作用, 日本于 1982年限令其 只准用于棕榈油; BHT有抑制人体呼吸酶的活性, 使肝微粒体酶活性增加,美国曾一 度禁用; TBHQ动物试验有致突变的可能, 至今在欧洲各国和日本均未批准使用; PG
- 1 - 确认本 价格较高, 而且使用范围较窄。 另外,近年来人们对合成食品添加剂的怀疑和排斥心 理, 也使这些物质的使用受到限制。
目前, 国外天然抗氧化剂商品共有 47种, 抗氧化效果明显优于 BHA和 BHT 的有迷迭香提取物, 其他如鼠尾草提取物、 甘草抗氧化物、 茶多酚、 鞣花酸、 向 日葵籽提取物等。 迷迭香酸和鼠尾草酚虽比 BHA、 BHT有更强的抗氧化性, 已在 世界范围内得到应用, 但由于对栽培的地理环境要求太严, 产量低, 原料价格过 高, 其使用受到很大限制。 我国目前批准使用(已列入 GB-2760)的天然抗氧剂主 要有: 茶多酚、 植酸 (钠)、 甘草抗氧化物、 磷脂等。 天然抗氧剂由于其安全、 无 毒等优点受到欢迎, 已成为当前研发的热点。
食品添加剂发展的方向是天然营养多功能且安全可靠。以天然食用抗氧化剂取代 合成抗氧化剂是今后食品工业的发展趋势,开发具有本土资源特色和自主知识产权的 实用、 高效、 成本低廉的天然抗氧化剂更是重中之重。
我国素有 "竹子王国"之称, 拥有十分丰富的竹类资源和源远流长的竹文化。 境内有竹类 40多属 400余种, 竹林面积约 400万 ha。 据不完全统计, 我国有 1 亿多人口全部或部分从竹林和竹林产品加工中获取生活费用。 竹类植物作为森林 资源的重要组成部分, 不仅有着较高的经济价值, 而且具有广泛的生态与社会效 益。 竹子以其独特的生物学、 生态学及多用途等特点, 日益受到人们的重视, 在 中国可持续发展战略中正发挥着越来越重要的作用。
竹叶在我国民间广为使用, 具有悠久的药用和食用历史, 是中医一味著名的 清热解毒药。 淡竹叶始载于 《别录》 , 被列为中品, 载: "大寒, 无毒。 主治胸 中痰热, 咳逆上气。 " 另据 《中药辞海》 记载, 淡竹叶功用主治: 清热除烦, 生 津利尿。 《食疗本草》 曰: "主咳逆, 消渴, 痰饮, 喉痹, 除烦热。 " 历代医药 家均有论述竹叶的食用和药用功效, 贾所学在 《药品化义》 中道: "竹叶清香透 心, 微苦凉热, 气味俱清。 " 《圣惠方》 记载一食疗方: "淡竹叶粥治小儿心脏 风热, 精神恍惚, 淡竹叶 60g, 粳米适量, 茵陈 15g, 作粥食之。 " 1998年 (淡) 竹叶被卫生部批准列入了既是食品又是药品的天然物名单。
我国在竹叶有效成分的研究和开发方面处于国际领先水平。 竹叶提取物是张 英等于 20世纪 90年代开发的一种植物类黄酮制剂, 其发明专利 "一种添加竹叶 黄酮提取物的保健啤酒 (ZL 98 1 04563.4)" 和"从竹叶中提取黄酮类化合物浸膏或 粉剂的生产方法 (ZL 98 1 04564.2)"分别于 2000年和 2001年获得国家专利局的授 权。 大量的研究表明, 竹叶黄酮具有优良的抗自由基、 抗氧化、 抗衰老、 抗菌、 抗病毒及保护心脑血管、 防治老年退行性疾病等生物学功效。 并以其丰富的原料 来源、 明确的功能因子、 令人信服的安全性、 高效稳定的制剂品质和清新甜香的 竹子风味,近年来在功能性食品和医药保健品领域崭露头角 [张英,天然功能性添加 剂——竹叶提取物, 精细与专用化学品, 2002, 10(7):20〜22]。
竹叶提取物的功能性成分主要是黄酮糖苷, 其中又以碳苷为主, 四种主要的 竹叶碳苷黄酮分别是荭草苷 (Orientin)、 异荭草苷 (Homoorientin)、 牡荆苷 (Vitexin) 和异牡荆苷 (Isovitexin)。 碳苷黄酮与氧苷黄酮相比, 具有以下几方面的突出优点: (1)结构稳定, 不易被降解; (2)能深入病灶部位, 直接发挥疗效; (3)亲水性增强, 有利于食品、 药品、 化妆品的开发。 国际学术界从 90年代起开始关注碳苷黄酮, 此领域属最新的研究前沿。 目前竹叶黄酮的主要用途是作为医药中间体、 保健食 品原料、 饮料和酒类的营养强化剂等。
但是, 对于竹叶黄酮这样一种具有本土资源特色和自主知识产权的植物提取 物的潜在大品种而言, 仅局限于以上应用领域是远远不够的, 必须为其寻找到一 个基础坚实、 容量巨大、 需求稳定、 并可持续发展的国民经济的基础产业作为依 托。 鉴于竹叶 "药食两用" 的独特背景和竹叶黄酮的优良禀赋, 在食品工业中的 应用前景将十分广阔。 发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种竹叶抗氧化物及其用途。
竹叶抗氧化物中代表性成分的化学结构式为:
Figure imgf000004_0001
(III) (IV)
Figure imgf000005_0001
Figure imgf000005_0002
竹叶抗氧化物作为一种天然、 营养、 多功能的添加剂在食品工业中的应用。 本发明的优点是: 提供了一种来源广阔、 安全高效、 风味平和、 性能稳定、 经济适用的竹叶抗氧化物 (A0B), 这是一种具有我国本土资源特色的天然、 营养、 多功能的新型食品添加剂。 其多功能性体现在: 除了高效的抗脂质氧化性能外, 还兼具抗菌、 抑菌、 除臭的功效和一定的营养保健作用。 与同类产品相比, 其突 出优势还表现在肉制品加工中, 不仅具有可与 VE相媲美的抗氧化作用, 而且与 异 Vc钠复配后, 能大幅度降低硝酸盐或亚硝酸盐的用量及残留量, 抑制 N-亚硝 胺的形成, 提高肉制品的安全性和商品性。 可广泛应用于食用油、 含油食品、 中 西式肉制品、 水产品、 果汁、 乳制品、 软饮料、 酿造酒、 调味品、 膨化食品和糕 点等, 在食品工业中具有广阔的应用前景。 附图说明
图 1是竹叶抗氧化物(A0B)的红外谱图 (经溴化钾压片);
图 2是竹叶抗氧化物(A0B)的紫外谱图 (溶于光谱纯的甲醇);
图 3是竹叶抗氧化物 (A0B)的高效液相色谱图。 具体实施方法
本发明所指的竹叶抗氧化物(Antioxidant of Bamboo Leaves 简写为 A0B) 是从禾本科(Graminae)、竹亚科(Bambusoideae)、冈 lj竹属 (Phyl lostachys Sieb. et Zucc)品种的叶子中得到的酚类化合物的总称。其生产工艺既可以是在原有专利技 术(专利号为 ZL 98 1 04564.2)的基础上进一步结晶所得,具体工艺流程如下:竹叶 → 洗净→ 烘干→ 破碎→ 乙醇〜水溶液热回流提取→ 过滤→ 减压浓缩→ 静止 絮凝→ 分离去杂→ 正丁醇分步萃取→ 减压浓缩回收溶剂→保温结晶→ 离心分 离晶体 用 95%乙醇洗晶 → 真空干燥 → A0B; 也可以是在各种竹叶黄酮粗提 物的基础上, 进一步运用吸附〜解吸、 柱层析、 膜分离、 色谱分离及其它组合方 法得到的高精度制剂。
A0B 的外观为黄色或棕黄色的粉末或颗粒, 总黄酮含量≥30% (硝酸铝〜亚硝 酸钠比色法, 以芦丁计), 总内酯含量≥15% (异羟肟酸比色法, 以七叶苷计), 酚 酸含量≥7.5% (注: 酚酸 =总酚-总黄酮,总酚用福林试剂还原比色法测定, 以对羟基 苯甲酸为标准品)。
A0B经溴化钾压片后的红外光谱图显示, 在 3400、2935、1626、、 ΙίΠ^ όΙόοπΓ1 等附近有特征性吸收 (见附图 1)。将其溶于光谱纯甲醇后, 在 200〜600nm的波长 范围内进行扫描,紫外光谱图显示, 在 240〜400mn区域有二个主要的吸收峰, 其 中在 270nm附近有一强吸收峰, 在 330nm附近有一次强吸收峰 (见附图 2)。
A0B的化学试剂鉴别: 取本品 0.5g溶于 100mL95%的乙醇中, 按下法鉴别: ①取上述溶液 lmL, 加 l%FeCl3-乙醇溶液 2〜3滴, 应显深蓝色或兰紫色。 ②取上 述溶液 lmL,加 1%A1C13-乙醇溶液 2〜3滴,应呈鲜黄色。取本品 0.5g,加入 10mL 乙醚, 超声波辅助萃取 30s, 过滤。 取滤液 lmL, 置 70〜90°C的水浴中挥干乙醚 后, 依次加入 2%的间二硝基苯溶液 (用 95%乙醇配制)和 2.5mol/L的 KOH水溶液 各 lmL,立即出现微红色, 放入上述热水浴中, 迅速变成深紫红色。
本发明所涉的最新研究表明, 经柱层析和逆流色谱等进一步分离后所得组分 的抗氧化效果都接近或等同于本品, 所以说 A0B是一组复杂的、 而又具有相互协 同增效作用的混合物, 其主要抗氧有效成分系黄酮类、 内酯类和酚酸类化合物。 黄酮类化合物主要是碳苷黄酮, 四种代表性化合物为: ( I )荭草苷(Orientin, C21H20On, 448)、 ( Π )异荭草苷(Homoori ent in, C21H2。0u, 448)、 (III )牡荆苷 (Vitexin, C21H20010, 432)和(IV )异牡荆苷(Isoriextin, C21H20010 , 432); 内酯类 化合物主要是(V )羟基香豆素(Hydrxyl- Coumarin)及其糖苷; 酚酸类化合物主要 是肉桂酸的衍生物, 包括(VI)绿原酸(Chlorogenic acid , C16H1809, 354); (VH) 咖啡酸(Caff eic acid , C9H804, 180); (WO阿魏酸(Ferul ic acid, C10H1004, 194)。 AOB的 RP-HPLC谱图见附图 3。 分析条件为: Agi lent l lOO高效液相色谱仪; 色谱柱: Luna C18柱(4. 60 X 250mm, dp 5μιη); 流动相: 乙腈 /1%醋酸;
Figure imgf000007_0001
A0B的特点是既能阻断脂肪自动氧化的链式反应, 又能螯合过渡态金属离子, 同时作为一级和二级抗氧化剂起作用。 具有很强的抗自由基活性, 能清除多种活 性氧自由基( 0H、 0 2―、 R0 、 R00 等); 具有优良的抗氧化活性, 有效抑制脂 质过氧化, 对脂质过氧化产物丙二醛 (MDA)的生成具有明显的抑制作用; 能有效清 除亚硝酸盐, 并阻断强致癌物一一亚硝胺的合成; 同时, 还有较强的抑菌作用, 对伤寒沙门氏菌、 革兰氏阴性杆菌和阳性球菌等均有一定的抑制作用。 此外, 在 某些情况下, A0B还表现出良好的着色、 增香、 矫味和除臭等作用。
A0B 具有平和的风味及口感, 无药味、 苦味和刺激性气味, 水溶性好, 品质 稳定, 能有效抵御酸解、 热解和酶解, 适用于多种食品体系。 其多功能性体现在: 除了高效的抗脂质氧化性能外, 还是一种天然的黄色素, 兼具抗菌、 抑菌、 除臭、 增香的作用。 与同类产品相比, 其突出优势还表现在肉制品加工中的卓越性能: 不仅具有与 VE相媲美的抗氧化作用, 而且与异 Vc联用时 (竹叶提取物与异 Vc或 异 Vc钠的重量比为 0.01 : 10至 10:0.01, 更佳地为 0.1 : 10至 10:0.1), 依赖其高效的 清除氮氧自由基(NO )的能力, 能显著减少发色剂(硝酸盐或亚硝酸盐)的用量, 或在不减少用量的前提下, 显著降低其残留量, 抑制 N-亚硝胺的形成, 提高肉制 品的安全性; 对肉制品中常用的红曲红素具有抗氧护色的作用, 有助于提高其稳 定性, 改进肉制品的色泽, 提高商品性能; 同时, 由于 AOB中丰富的多羟基酚性 化合物的存在, 具有良好的持水和保湿性能, 有助于肉制品质地的改善, 这一点, 对于切片后使用的西式制品显得尤为重要。
鉴于 A0B品质优良、 安全性高、 不带异味、 价格低廉,又兼具天然、 营养和多 功能性, 其在食品领域中的应用包括但不局限于以下方面: 食用油(植物油和鱼油 等)、 含油食品(蛋黄酱等)、 肉制品(西式和中式制品)、 水产品(虾、 蟹、 鱼等)、 果汁、 软饮料(碳酸饮料、 非碳酸饮料、 茶饮料)、 酿造酒(葡萄酒、 黄酒、 啤酒)、 乳制品(鲜乳及含乳饮料)、 调味品(蚝油等)、 膨化食品(挂油型)、 糕点等, 建议 使用量在 0. 005〜0. 05% (重量百分比)。 本发明的 AOB在食品体系中既可单独使用, 也可与其他天然抗氧化剂 (如磷 脂、 植酸)、 维生素 (如 VE、 VC及其衍生物)、 金属离子螯合剂 (如 EDTA、柠檬酸)、 表面活性剂 (如 Span80、 Span40)等复配使用, 并具有显著的协同增效作用。
本发明的 AOB 以适当比例添加到各种不同的食品体系后, 可以起到清除活 性氧自由基、 抗脂质过氧化、 延长货架寿命, 降低发色剂 (硝酸盐或亚硝酸盐)的 用量和残留量, 抗菌、 抑菌、 保鲜、 护色、 除臭、 矫味等多重功效。
本发明的 AOB可以根据实际需要制成各种形式, 如粉剂、 水剂、 微乳剂、 微胶囊制剂等, 也可以通过进一步的结构修饰 (如碳苷黄酮与棕榈酰氯的酯化)增 强其亲油性能。
本发明将通过下列非限制性实施例进行举例说明。 以下实施例所涉的 AOB 添加量均为重量百分数。
实施例 1
竹叶抗氧化物 (AOB)在西式肉制品中的应用。
在西式灌肠的拌馅、配料过程中,添加一定比例的 A0B (以肉馅重量百分比计, 事先用水溶解), 以茶多酚为对照, 采用改良硫代巴比妥酸(TBA)法, 结合色差测 定、 质构分析和亚硝酸盐含量的测定, 综合评价 A0B在西式肉制品中作为抗氧化 剂的使用效果。 当 A0B的添加量在 0. 03%、 亚硝酸盐和异 Vc钠在原配方基础上减 半使用时, 得到了最为理想的制品, 既有效延缓了脂肪的氧化, 抑制了 MDA的形 成, 提高了货架寿命; 又显著降低了成品中亚硝酸盐的含量, 提高了食用安全性; 同时对灌肠的风味、 色泽和质地等无不良影响。 A0B 在西式灌肠中的综合效果优 于茶多酚, 并表现出与异 Vc钠的协同抗氧化作用。 实施例 2
竹叶抗氧化物(AOB)在中式香肠中的应用。
在配料时一并添加 AOB (以肉馅重量百分比计, 事先用水或酒溶解)。 试验表 明: 在原配方基础上添加 0.03%的 AOB后, 过氧化值 (POV)和酸价 (AV)的测定结 果表明,香肠的抗氧化性能有了极显著提高; 成品中亚硝酸盐含量仅为对照的 56%; 且 0.03%的添加量效果优于 0.06%的高剂量组, 在此剂量下使用, 不仅可以 显著提高成品的抗氧化性能,有效清除亚硝酸盐,并进一步阻断 N-亚硝胺的合成, 同时对产品色泽、 质地及其他感官品质无不良影响, 易为消费者接受。 实施例 3
竹叶抗氧化物(AOB)在腌腊制品中的应用。
A0B配成 0. 03%的水溶液, 同时设相同浓度的 TBHQ (事先用乙醇熔解)对照, 将 厚度约为 1cm的金华火腿片浸渍 2min, 比较对切片火腿抗氧化性能及感官品质的 影响。 A0B 对生火腿的腌腊香味有一定掩盖, 但经煮熟后品尝, 风味、 口感无差 异, 色差测定表明对火腿色泽影响无显著差异(P>0. 10) ;经 50土 C的烘箱中贮存 11天, 测定 AV和 P0V表明, A0B和 TBHQ试验组与对照相比, 脂质的氧化受到显 著抑制, 货架寿命明显延长, 且 A0B的效果略优于 TBHQ。 实施例 4
竹叶抗氧化物(AOB)在水产品中的应用。
将捕捞后的罗氏沼虾和中华绒螯蟹分别放入清水池中暂养 20〜24h (增氧), 在暂养水中加入 0.015%的 AOB, 在吐纳消化道内残留物的同时, 虾、 蟹体摄入 了一定量的 A0B抗氧成分。 将完成暂养后的虾、 蟹加工成软罐头, 分别进行常温 和低温保藏以及高温促氧化试验, 在暂养水中添加 A0B显著增强了制品的抗氧化 能力, 成品的色泽保持性能明显好于对照(p<0. 05), 并有效抑制了虾红 (青)素的 氧化褪色和虾头的氧化变黑; 在 35土 C的保藏试验中胖袋率显著降低(p<0. 05), 表现出一定的抑菌保鲜效果。 软罐头常温储存 3个月后, 虾蟹肌肉匀浆中丙二醛 (MDA)的含量显著低于空白对照。 如下表所示:
Figure imgf000009_0001
实施例 5
竹叶抗氧化物 (AOB)在膨化食品中的应用。
称取 0.5g AOB,溶于 10mL95%的乙醇中, 然后与 1000g棕榈油混合, 在膨化 雪米饼的挂油过程中喷淋到饼胚表面 (挂油率 18〜20%、 挂油温度 60°C), 冷却后 包装。 将试样放入 70士 C的烘箱中加速氧化, 在一定的时间间隔下, 用索氏抽 提法抽提样品油脂, 用改良硫代巴比妥酸(TBA)法测定 MDA含量。 A0B抗氧化效果 略优于 TBHQ, 明显强于茶多酚。 实施例 6
竹叶抗氧化物 (AOB)在调味品中的应用。
蛋黄酱是以蛋黄及食用植物油为主要原料, 添加若干辅料加工而成的乳化状 半固体食品, 是一种营养价值较高的调味品。 在基本配方(葵花籽油 70%、 新鲜蛋 黄 14%、 纯白醋 12%、 食糖 2%、 食盐 1%和干燥芥末 1%)的基础上, 添加不同比例 的 A0B, 同时设茶多酚(TP)对照组和空白对照组。 通过感官评定、 色差分析、 过 氧化物值(P0V)和总羰基化合物含量(TCC)的测定, 比较 A0B和 TP的抗氧化性能。 结果表明: A0B添加对产品色泽、 感官品质无显著影响; 将试样置于 45°C下加速 氧化, P0V值和 TCC值显示, 两种抗氧化剂对防止油脂氧化、 延长蛋黄酱的保质 期都有一定作用。 其中以添加 0. 03%A0B的抗氧化效果最好, 当空白对照酸败时, 该组的 P0V和 TCC分别仅为对照的 43. 2%和 47. 9%; 并且, 0. 03%A0B的添加剂量 效果优于同等剂量的 TP。 实施例 7
竹叶抗氧化物 (ΑΟΒ)在高温灭菌奶中的应用。
在砖型纸盒包装牛奶的高温瞬时灭菌灌装前, 添加 A0B, 将添加量控制在每 升 75mg 以下, 对牛奶的胶体体系和感官品质无不良影响, 并能显著改善产品的 抗自由基和抗氧化活性。 当 A0B添加量为 75mg/L时, 牛奶的清 0H能力是对照 的 200%, 赋予了产品新的健康概念。 实施例 8
竹叶抗氧化物 (AOB)在果汁饮料中的应用。
在强化 VC的易拉罐的橙汁饮料中, 添加 120mg/L的 A0B, 产品除具有一种独 特的清凉口感外, 色泽鲜艳、 稳定, 货架寿命延长。 常温储藏条件下, 不添加 A0B 的对照品在 8个月时, 色泽已明显变暗, 体系出现轻微浑浊, 质量下降; 而添加 A0B 的试样至 12个月时仍保持鲜艳的橙黄色, 体系稳定均一, HPLC测定显示其 Vc的损失量仅为对照的 1/2左右。 显示 A0B能抗橙汁氧化、 稳定花色苷、 并保护 Vc, 而且与橙汁饮料体系间有着良好的相容性。 实施例 9
竹叶抗氧化物 (AOB)在软饮料中的应用。
AOB在软饮料 (包括碳酸饮料、 非碳酸饮料和茶饮料等)中应用时, 既作为抗 氧化剂, 又作为营养强化剂, 添加量一般控制在 150〜210mg/L, 并可适当减少蔗 糖的用量, 产品的主要特点是具有竹叶清香, 富含黄酮功能因子, 低热量, 清热、 解渴、 利咽、 利尿, 品质十分稳定, 是一种新型营养保健饮品。 实施例 10
竹叶抗氧化物 (AOB)在酿造酒中的应用。
AOB在酿造酒 (葡萄酒、 黄酒和啤酒)中添加时, 起抗氧化和营养强化的双重 作用, 添加量一般可控制在 60〜500mg/L之间, 在酒基过滤、 灌装前加入。 以绍 兴塔牌加饭酒为例, 当 AOB添加量为 150mg/L时, 用化学发光法测得黄酒清除 OV^P OH的能力分别比原酒提高 40.0 %和 28.5 %。 在啤酒中添加相同剂量 ΑΟΒ 后, 色度略有增加, 浊度不变, 且热稳定性试验后的浊度明显低于对照, 双乙酰 回升受到显著抑制, 抗氧化性能和储存稳定性明显提高。 ΑΟΒ与酿造酒的酒体间 具有良好的相容性, 控制在一定的添加剂量范围内, 不仅保持了酒体原有的品质, 且赋予产品一种淡雅的竹香和醇厚的口感,可作为一种天然多功能的生物抗氧化 剂应用于酿造酒的营养强化和品质保鲜。 实施例 1 1
竹叶抗氧化物 (ΑΟΒ)在食用油中的应用。
将 lOg AOB溶于 40g Span40中(必要时加热), 再加入 50g Span80,混匀, 制备 成质量分数为 0.10的脂溶性 AOB溶液, 使用时根据油中 AOB的实际需要量进行 折算添加, 通常在纯油脂体系 (棕榈油、 大豆油、 葵花籽油、 鱼油等)中 AOB的添 加量为 0.01〜 0.05%。
显然, 根据上述的实例, 本发明可以有许多的改良和变更。 因此, 应当明白, 在所附权利要求的范围内, 除这里描述的外, 本发明也可以用其他方法实施。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 一种竹叶抗氧化物, 其特征在于它的代表性成分的化学结构式为:
Figure imgf000012_0001
(V) (VI)
Figure imgf000012_0002
2、根据权利要求 1所述的竹叶抗氧化物, 其特征在于所说抗氧化物是一组复 杂的、而又具有相互协同增效作用的混合物, 外观为黄色或棕黄色的粉末或颗粒, 其主要抗氧有效成分系黄酮类、 内酯类和酚酸类化合物, 代表性化合物有荭草苷 ( I )、异荭草苷 (II),牡荆苷 (III)、异牡荆苷 (IV)、羟基香豆素(V)、绿原酸 (VI)、 咖啡酸(vn)和阿魏酸 01)。
3、根据权利要求 2所述的竹叶抗氧化物,其特征在于所说抗氧化物采用硝酸 铝〜亚硝酸钠比色法检测, 以芦丁为标准品, 总黄酮含量≥30% ; 采用异羟肟酸 比色法检测, 以七叶苷为标准品, 总内酯含量≥15%; 采用福林试剂还原比色法检 测, 以对羟基苯甲酸为标准品, 酚酸含量≥7.5% (总酚 -总黄酮)。
4、根据权利要求 1所述的一种竹叶抗氧化物, 其特征在于所说抗氧化物经溴 化钾压片后的红外光谱图显示, 在 3400、 2935、 1626、 1080、 όΐ ό η·1等附近有 特征性吸收; 将其溶于光谱纯甲醇后的紫外光谱图显示, 在 240〜400nm区域有 二个主要的吸收峰, 其中在 270nm附近有一强吸收峰, 在 330nm附近有一次强吸 收峰。
5、 一种竹叶抗氧化物的用途, 其特征在于作为天然、 营养、 多功能的食品添 加剂在食用油、 含油食品、 中西式肉制品、 水产品、 果汁、 乳制品、 软饮料、 酿 造酒、 调味品、 膨化食品和糕点中的应用, 添加量在重量百分比 0. 005〜0. 05%的 范围, 起到清除活性氧自由基、 抗脂质过氧化、 延长货架寿命, 降低硝酸盐或亚 硝酸盐发色剂的用量和残留量, 抗菌、 抑菌、 保鲜、 护色、 除臭、 矫味多重功效。
6、 一种竹叶抗氧化物的用途, 其特征在于, 用作肉制品的添加剂, 所述的添 加剂用于减少硝酸盐或亚硝酸盐的用量或降低硝酸盐或亚硝酸盐的残留量, 用于 抑制 N-亚硝胺的形成, 用于提高红曲红素的稳定性, 和 /或用于提高肉制品的持水 保湿性能。
7、根据权利要求 5或 6所述的用途, 其特征在于竹叶抗氧化物的使用方式既 可单独使用, 也与可其他天然抗氧化剂、 维生素、 金属离子螯合剂、 表面活性剂 复配使用。
8、根据权利要求 7所述的用途,其特征在于所说天然抗氧化剂为磷脂、植酸, 维生素为 VE、 VC及其衍生物, 金属离子螯合剂为 EDTA、 柠檬酸, 表面活性剂 为 Span80、 Span40等。
9、根据权利要求 5或 6所述一种竹叶抗氧化物的用途, 其特征在于竹叶抗氧 化物的使用形式是粉剂、 水剂、 微乳剂、 微胶囊制剂。
10、 如权利要求 6所述的用途, 其特征在于, 竹叶抗氧化物的用量为肉制品 重量的 0.005-0.05 %, 而所述的肉制品包括灌肠、 香肠、 腌腊制品。
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