WO2005033186A1 - Mikrogele in vernetzbaren, organischen medien - Google Patents
Mikrogele in vernetzbaren, organischen medien Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005033186A1 WO2005033186A1 PCT/EP2004/052294 EP2004052294W WO2005033186A1 WO 2005033186 A1 WO2005033186 A1 WO 2005033186A1 EP 2004052294 W EP2004052294 W EP 2004052294W WO 2005033186 A1 WO2005033186 A1 WO 2005033186A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/02—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques
- C08J3/03—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques in aqueous media
- C08J3/075—Macromolecular gels
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L75/00—Compositions of polyureas or polyurethanes; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L75/04—Polyurethanes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2220/00—Compositions for preparing gels other than hydrogels, aerogels and xerogels
Definitions
- the invention relates to a composition which has at least one specific organic, crosslinkable medium and at least one microgel which is not crosslinked by high-energy radiation, processes for its preparation, uses of the compositions, microgel-containing polymers prepared therefrom and those produced therefrom Moldings or coatings.
- rubber gels including modified rubber gels, in mixtures with a wide variety of rubbers, for example in order to improve the rolling resistance in the manufacture of motor vehicle tires (see, for example, DE 4220 563, GB PS 10 78 400 EP 405 216 and EP 854 171 ).
- the rubber gels are always incorporated into solid matrices.
- Resin compositions in the production of which radiation-crosslinked microgel particles are also mixed with thermosetting prepolymers (see also EP 1262510 A1).
- a radioactive cobalt source is mentioned as the preferred radiation source for producing the microgel particles.
- radiation crosslinking very homogeneously crosslinked microgel particles are obtained.
- a disadvantage of this type of networking is that a transfer of this method from the laboratory scale to a large-scale plant is not realistic, both from an economic point of view and from an occupational safety perspective.
- Microgels which are not crosslinked by high-energy radiation are not used in the publications mentioned. Furthermore, when using completely radiation-crosslinked microgels, the module change from the matrix phase to the dispersed phase is immediate.
- Rubber particles with monomers known. These are prepared by adding the monomers to an aqueous rubber latex with the addition of a dispersant. These writings also mention the possibility of removing the water resulting from the latex. Anhydrous dispersions are not described, however. Dispersions which are anhydrous can practically not be obtained by this process (see also the assessment in DE-A-3742180, page 2, line 10, by the same applicant). However, this is disadvantageous in numerous applications. Furthermore, the dispersions described in the patents mentioned necessarily contain dispersants or emulsifiers by one to achieve homogeneous distribution of the aqueous and organic phases. However, the presence of such emulsifiers or dispersants is very troublesome in many applications.
- the rubber particles described there are relatively coarse.
- the inventors of the present invention have now found that it is possible to finely distribute microgels which are not crosslinked by high-energy radiation in crosslinkable, organic media of certain viscosity, for example using a homogenizer.
- the division of the microgels in the crosslinkable, organic medium down to the primary particle area is, for example, a prerequisite for making the nano-properties of the microgels reproducible in any use, for example when incorporating them into plastics. Thanks to the fine dispersion, critical application properties can be reproducibly adjusted.
- the compositions according to the invention which contain the special microgels and crosslinkable organic media can open up a large number of new applications for microgels which were not previously accessible with the microgels themselves.
- microgel-containing liquids open up new application options such as B. pouring, spraying, coating, which have the liquid state as a prerequisite.
- plastics with completely new properties can be obtained, for example, owing to the fine distributions which can be achieved.
- the microgel-containing compositions according to the invention can be used in a large number of fields, for example in elastomeric PU systems (cold casting systems and hot casting systems).
- incompatible materials surprisingly form a homogeneous distribution which remains stable even after prolonged storage (6 months). P.
- the present invention thus provides a composition comprising at least one crosslinkable organic medium (A) which has a viscosity of less than 30,000 mPas at a temperature of 120 ° C.
- the viscosity of the crosslinkable organic medium (A) at a temperature of 120 ° C. is preferably less than 10,000 mPas.
- the viscosity of the crosslinkable organic medium (A) at a temperature of 120 ° C. is less than 1000 mPas.
- the viscosity of the crosslinkable organic medium (A) is more preferably less than 750 mPas at a temperature of 120 ° C., more preferably less than 500 mPas at a temperature of 120 ° C.
- the viscosity of the crosslinkable, organic medium (A) is determined at a speed of 5 s "1 using a cone and plate measuring system according to DIN 53018 at 120 ° C.
- Microgels (B) The microgel (B) used in the composition according to the invention is a microgel which is not crosslinked by high-energy radiation.
- High-energy radiation here expediently means electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of less than 0.1 ⁇ m.
- the use of microgels which are completely homogeneously crosslinked by high-energy radiation is disadvantageous because it is practically impractical to carry out on an industrial scale and raises occupational safety problems.
- the primary particles of the microgel (B) have an approximately spherical geometry.
- primary particles are microgel particles that can be recognized as individuals and are dispersed in the coherent phase by suitable physical methods (electron microscope) (cf. e.g. Rompp Lexikon, Lacke und Druckmaschine, Georg Thieme Verlag, 1998).
- an "approximately spherical" geometry means that the dispersed primary particles of the microgels, when viewed in the composition, for example with an electron microscope, essentially form a circular area. Since the microgels essentially shape when crosslinking the crosslinkable organic medium (A) do not change, the above and following explanations apply in the same way to the microgel-containing compositions obtained by crosslinking the composition according to the invention In the primary particles of microgel (B) contained in the composition according to the invention, the deviation of the diameter of an individual primary particle is defined as
- d1 and d2 are any two diameters of the primary particle and d1> d2, preferably less than 250%, more preferably less than 200%, more preferably less than 100%, more preferably less than 80%, still more preferably less than 50%.
- at least 80%, more preferably at least 90%, even more preferably at least 95% of the primary particles of the microgel have a deviation in the diameter, defined as
- d1 and d2 are any two diameters of the primary particle and d1> d2, from less than 250%, more preferably less than 200%, more preferably less than 100%, more preferably less than 80%, still more preferably less than 50%.
- Particles are determined using the following procedure. First, as described in the examples, a thin section of the composition according to the invention is produced. Then a transmission electron micrograph is produced with a magnification of, for example, 10,000 times or 200,000 times. In an area of 833.7 nm x 828.8 nm, the largest and smallest diameters are determined manually on 10 microgel primary particles as d1 and d2. If the deviation defined above is at least 80%, more preferably at least 90%, even more preferably at least 95% of the measured microgel primary particles in each case less than 250%, more preferably less than 100%, more preferably less than 80%, even more preferably less than 50% the microgel primary particles have the characteristic of the deviation defined above.
- the concentration of the microgels in the composition is so high that there is a strong overlay of the visible microgel primary particles, the evaluability can be improved by prior, suitable dilution of the measurement sample.
- the primary particles of microgel (B) preferably have an average particle diameter of 5 to 500 nm, more preferably 20 to 400 nm, more preferably 20 to 300 nm, more preferably 20 to 250 nm, still more preferably 20 to 99 nm more preferably 40 to 80 nm (diameter specifications according to DIN 53206).
- Particularly fine-particle microgels are produced by emulsion polymerization by controlling the reaction parameters in a manner known per se (see, for example, HG Elias, Makromolekule, Volume 2, Technology, 5th Edition, 1992, page 99 ff). Since the morphology of the microgels during the polymerization or
- the average particle diameter of the dispersed primary particles essentially corresponds to the average particle diameter of the dispersed primary particles in the composition obtained by polymerization or crosslinking.
- the microgels (B) expediently have toluene-insoluble fractions (gel content) of at least about 70% by weight, more preferably at least about 80% by weight, even more preferably at least about 90% by weight , The part insoluble in toluene is thereby in toluo! determined at 23 ° C. 250 mg of the microgel are swollen in 20 ml of toluene with shaking at 23 ° C. for 24 hours.
- the microgels (B) expediently have a swelling index in toluene at 23 ° C. of less than about 80, more preferably less than 60, even more preferably less than 40.
- the swelling indices of the microgels (Qi) can particularly preferably be between 1-15 and 1-10. The swelling index is calculated from the weight of the solvent-containing microgel swollen in toluene at 23 ° C. for 24 hours (after centrifugation at 20,000 rpm) and the weight of the dry microgel:
- Qi wet weight of the microgel / dry weight of the microgel.
- the microgels (B) expediently have glass transition temperatures Tg from -100 ° C. to + 120 ° C., more preferably from -100 ° C. to + 100 ° C., more preferably from -80 ° C. to +80 ° C. In rare cases, it is also possible to use microgels that do not have a glass transition temperature due to their high degree of crosslinking.
- Glass temperatures of the microgels (B) below room temperature (20 °) are particularly advantageous in order to leave the tear resistance and hardness largely unaffected in microgel-containing polymer compositions, whereas the rheology of the compositions to be polymerized is influenced in the desired manner.
- Glass temperatures of the microgels (B) above room temperature (20 °) are advantageous in order to achieve an increase in hardness, greater reinforcement, improved tear propagation resistance in microgel-containing polymer compositions and to influence the rheology of the compositions to be polymerized in the desired manner.
- the microgels (B) used in the composition according to the invention expediently have a glass transition width of greater than 5 ° C., preferably greater than 10 ° C., more preferably greater than 20 ° C.
- Microgels which have such a width of the glass transition, are - as opposed to completely homogeneously radiation-crosslinked microgels - generally not completely homogeneously crosslinked. This means that the change in module from the matrix phase to the dispersed phase is not immediate in the crosslinkable or polymerized compositions produced from the compositions according to the invention. As a result, when these compositions are suddenly subjected to stress, there are no tear-off effects between the matrix and the dispersed phase, as a result of which the mechanical properties, the swelling behavior and stress corrosion cracking etc. are advantageously influenced.
- the glass transition temperatures (Tg) and the width of the glass transition ( ⁇ Tg) of the microgels are determined by differential thermal analysis (DTA, DSC) under the following conditions: For the determination of Tg and ⁇ Tg, two cooling / heating cycles are carried out. Tg and ⁇ Tg are determined in the second heating cycle. For the determinations, 10-12 mg of the selected microgel are placed in a DSC Sample container (standard aluminum pan) from Perkin-Elmer used. The first DSC cycle is performed by first cooling the sample to -100 ° C with liquid nitrogen and then heating it to + 150 ° C at a rate of 20K / min. The second DSC cycle is started by immediately cooling the sample as soon as a sample temperature of + 150 ° C is reached.
- DTA differential thermal analysis
- the cooling takes place at a speed of approximately 320 K / min.
- the sample is heated again to + 150 ° C as in the first cycle.
- the heating rate in the second cycle is again 20K / min.
- Tg and ⁇ Tg are determined graphically on the DSC curve of the second heating process. For this purpose, three are on the DSC curve
- the 1st straight line is created on the curve part of the DSC curve below Tg, the 2nd straight line on the curved branch with Tg passing through Tg and the 3rd straight line on the curved branch of the DSC curve above Tg. In this way, three straight lines with two intersections are obtained. Both intersection points are each characterized by a characteristic temperature.
- the microgels (B) which are not crosslinked by high-energy radiation and are preferably based on homopolymers or random copolymers can be prepared in the composition according to the invention in a manner known per se (see, for example, EP-A-405 216, EP -A- 854171, DE-A 4220563, GB-PS 1078400, DE 197 01 489.5, DE 197 01 488.7, DE 198 34 804.5, DE 198 34 803.7, DE 198 34802.9, DE 199 29 347.3, DE 199 39 865.8, DE 199 42 620.1, DE 19942 614.7, DE 100 21 070.8, DE 100 38488.9, DE 100 39749.2, DE 100 52 287.4, DE 100 56 311.2 and DE 100 61 174.5).
- EP-A 405 216, DE-A 4220563 and GB-PS 1078400 claim the use of CR, BR and NBR microgels in mixtures with rubbers containing double bonds.
- DE 19701 489.5 describes the use of subsequently modified microgels in mixtures with rubbers containing double bonds, such as NR, SBR and BR.
- Microgels are expediently understood to mean rubber particles which are obtained in particular by crosslinking the following rubbers: BR: polybutadiene, ABR: butadiene / acrylic acid-C1 -4 alkyl ester copolymers,
- SBR styrene-butadiene copolymers with styrene contents of 1-90, preferably 5-50 percent by weight
- X-SBR carboxylated styrene-butadiene copolymers
- FKM fluororubber
- ACM acrylic rubber
- NBR polybutadiene-acrylonitrile copolymers with acrylonitrile contents of 5-60, preferably 10-50 percent by weight
- X-NBR carboxylated nitrile rubbers
- IIR isobutylene / isoprene copolymers with isoprene contents of 0.5-10 percent by weight
- BIIR brominated isobutylene / isoprene copolymers with bromine contents of 0.1-10 percent by weight
- CIIR chlorinated isobutylene / isoprene copolymers with bromine contents of 0.1-10 percent by weight
- HNBR partially and fully hydrogenated nitrile rubbers
- EPDM ethylene-propylene-diene copolymers
- EAM ethylene / acrylate copolymers
- ENR epoxidized natural rubber or mixtures thereof.
- the non-crosslinked microgel starting products are expediently prepared by the following methods: 1. Emulsion polymerization
- the microgels (B) used are preferably those which can be obtained by emulsion polymerization and crosslinking.
- the following free-radically polymerizable monomers are used for example in the preparation of the microgels used according to the invention by emulsion polymerization: butadiene, styrene, acrylonitrile, isoprene, esters of acrylic and methacrylic acid.
- Tetrafluoroethylene, vinylidene fluorine, hexafluoropropene, 2-chlorobutadiene, 2,3-dichlorobutadiene and double bond-containing carboxylic acids such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, itaconic acid etc., double bond-containing hydroxy compounds such as hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxybutyl methacrylate, acrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, acrylate, methacrylate, Vinyl-2-pyrollidone, N-allyl-urea and N-allyl-thiourea as well as secondary amino- (meth) - acrylic acid esters such as 2-tert-butylaminoethyl methacrylate and 2-tert-butylaminoethyl methacrylamide etc.
- carboxylic acids such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, itaconic acid etc.
- the rubber gel can be crosslinked directly during the emulsion polymerization, as can be achieved by copolymerization with cross-linking multifunctional compounds or by subsequent cross-linking as described below.
- the use of directly crosslinked microgels is a preferred embodiment of the invention.
- the acrylates and methacrylates of polyvalent, preferably 2- to 4-valent C2 to C10 alcohols such as ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, butanediol, hexanediol, polyethylene glycol with 2 to 20, preferably 2 to 8, oxyethylene units, neopentyl glycol are suitable , Bisphenol-A, glycerol, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, sorbitol with unsaturated polyesters from aliphatic di- and polyols as well as maleic acid, fumaric acid and / or itaconic acid.
- polyvalent, preferably 2- to 4-valent C2 to C10 alcohols such as ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, butanediol, hexanediol, polyethylene glycol with 2 to 20, preferably 2 to 8, oxyethylene units, neopentyl glycol are suitable , Bisphenol-A,
- the crosslinking to rubber microgels during the emulsion polymerization can also be carried out by continuing the polymerization up to high conversions or in the monomer feed process by polymerization with high internal sales. Another possibility is to carry out the emulsion polymerization in the absence of regulators.
- the latices which are obtained from the emulsion polymerization. In principle, this method can also be used for non-aqueous polymer dispersions that are accessible in other ways, such as by redissolving. Natural rubber latices can also be crosslinked in this way.
- Suitable crosslinking chemicals are, for example, organic peroxides, such as dicumyl peroxide, t-butylcumyl peroxide, bis- (t-butyl-peroxy-isopropyl) benzene, di-t-butyl peroxide, 2,5-dimethylhexane-2,5-dihydroperoxide, 2, 5- Dimethylhexin-3,2,5-dihydroperoxide, dibenzoyl peroxide, bis (2,4-dichlorobenzoyl) peroxide, t-butyl perbenzoate and organic azo compounds such as azo-bis-isobutyronitrile and azo-bis-cyclohexanenitrile as well as di- and
- Polymer capto compounds such as dimercaptoethane, 1,6-dimercaptohexane, 1,3,5-
- Trimercaptotriazine and mercapto-terminated polysulfide rubbers such as mercapto-terminated reaction products of bis-chloroethyl formal with sodium polysulfide.
- the optimum temperature for carrying out the postcrosslinking is of course dependent on the reactivity of the crosslinking agent and can be
- Particle enlargement can be carried out by agglomeration.
- microgels which are not completely homogeneously crosslinked are always obtained, which may have the advantages described above.
- Rubbers which are produced by solution polymerization, can also serve as starting products for the production of the microgels. In these cases, the solutions of these rubbers in suitable organic solutions are used.
- the desired sizes of the microgels are produced by mixing the rubber solution in a liquid medium, preferably in water, if appropriate with the addition of suitable surface-active auxiliaries, such as, for example, surfactants, using suitable aggregates, so that a dispersion of the rubber in the suitable particle size range is obtained.
- the crosslinking of the dispersed solution rubbers is carried out as described above for the subsequent crosslinking of emulsion polymers.
- the aforementioned compounds are suitable as crosslinking agents, and the solvent used for the preparation of the dispersion can optionally be removed, for example by distillation, before the crosslinking.
- reactive chemicals are, in particular, those compounds with the aid of polar groups such as, for example, aldehyde, hydroxyl, carboxyl, nitrile, etc., and sulfur-containing groups, such as, for example, mercapto, dithiocarbamate, polysulfide, xanthate, thiobenzothiazole and / or dithiophosphoric acid groups and / or unsaturated dicarboxylic acid groups can be chemically bound to the microgels. This also applies to N, N'-m-phenylenediamine.
- microgel modification is to improve microgel compatibility if the composition according to the invention is used to produce the later matrix into which the microgel is incorporated, or the composition according to the invention is used to incorporate it into a matrix in order to ensure good distributability during production and good coupling to reach.
- Particularly preferred methods of modification are the grafting of the microgels with functional monomers and the reaction with low molecular weight agents.
- aqueous microgel dispersion which is used with polar monomers such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, hydroxybutyl (meth) -acrylate, acrylamide, methacrylamide, acrylonitrile, acrolein, N-vinyl-2-pyrollidone, N-allyl-urea and N-allyl-thiourea as well as secondary amino (meth) acrylic acid esters such as 2-tert-butylaminoethyl methacrylate and 2-tert-
- polar monomers such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, hydroxybutyl (meth) -acrylate, acrylamide, methacrylamide, acrylonitrile, acrolein, N-vinyl-2-
- microgels with a core / shell morphology are obtained, the shell being said to be highly compatible with the matrix.
- the monomer used in the modification step be grafted onto the unmodified microgel as quantitatively as possible.
- the functional monomers are expediently metered in before the microgels have completely crosslinked. In principle, grafting of the microgels in non-aqueous systems is also conceivable, whereby modification with monomers by ionic polymerization methods is also possible in this way.
- the following reagents are particularly suitable for surface modification of the microgels with low-molecular-weight agents: elemental sulfur, hydrogen sulfide and / or alkyl polymercaptanes, such as 1,2-dimercaptoethane or 1,6-dimercaptohexane, furthermore dialkyl- and dialkylaryldithiocarbamate, such as the alkali metal salts of dimethyl or dibenzyldithiocarbamate, further alkyl and aryl xanthates, such as potassium ethyl xanthate and sodium isopropyl xanthate, and the reaction with the alkali or alkaline earth metal salts of dibutyldithiophosphoric acid and dioctyldithiophosphoric acid and dodecyldithiophosphoric acid.
- alkyl polymercaptanes such as 1,2-dimercaptoethane or 1,6-dimercaptohexane
- the reactions mentioned can advantageously also be carried out in the presence of sulfur, the sulfur being incorporated with the formation of polysulfidic bonds.
- Free radical initiators such as organic and inorganic peroxides and / or azo initiators can be added to add this compound.
- a modification of microgels containing double bonds, such as by ozonolysis and by halogenation with chlorine, bromine and iodine, are also possible.
- Another implementation of modified microgels such as the production of hydroxyl group-modified microgels from epoxidized microgels, is also understood as a chemical modification of microgels.
- the microgels are modified by hydroxyl groups, in particular also on the surface thereof.
- the hydroxyl group content of the microgels is determined by reaction with acetanydride and titration of the acetic acid released in this process with KOH according to DIN 53240 as the hydroxyl number with the dimension mg KOH / g polymer.
- the hydroxyl number of the microgels is preferably between 0.1-100, more preferably between 0.5-50 mg KOH / g polymer.
- the amount of the modifier used depends on its effectiveness and the requirements made in individual cases and is in the range from 0.05 to 30 percent by weight, based on the total amount of rubber microgel used, particularly preferably 0.5-10 percent by weight based on the total amount on rubber gel.
- the modification reactions can be carried out at temperatures of 0-180 ° C, preferably 20-95 ° C, optionally under pressure of 1-30 bar.
- the modifications can be carried out on rubber microgels in bulk or in the form of their dispersion, in which case inert organic solvents or else water can be used as the reaction medium in the latter case.
- the modification is particularly preferably carried out in aqueous dispersion of the crosslinked rubber.
- compositions according to the invention which contain crosslinkable media which lead to the formation of nonpolar thermoplastic materials (A), such as, for example, polypropylene, polyethylene and block copolymers based on styrene, butadiene and isoprene (SBR, SIR) and hydrogenated isoprene-styrene block copolymers (SEBS), and customary TPE-Os and TPE-Vs, etc.
- A nonpolar thermoplastic materials
- A such as, for example, polypropylene, polyethylene and block copolymers based on styrene, butadiene and isoprene (SBR, SIR) and hydrogenated isoprene-styrene block copolymers (SEBS), and customary TPE-Os and TPE-Vs, etc.
- modified microgels is particularly preferred in compositions according to the invention which contain crosslinkable media which are used to form polar thermoplastic materials (A) to lead, such as PA, TPE-A, PU, TPE-U, PC, PET, PBT, POM, PMMA, PVC, ABS, PTFE, PVDF, etc.
- A polar thermoplastic materials
- the average diameter of the microgels produced can, for example, be 0.1 with high accuracy Micrometers (100 nm) + 0.01 micrometers (10 nm) are set so that, for example, a particle size distribution is achieved in which at least 75% of all microgel particles are between 0.095 micrometers and 0.105 micrometers in size.
- microgels in particular in the range between 5 to 500 nm, can be measured with the same accuracy (at least 75% by weight of all particles lie around the maximum of the integrated grain size distribution curve (determined by light scattering) in a range of + 10% above and below the Maximums) and use.
- the morphology of the microgels dispersed in the composition according to the invention can be set practically “precisely” and the properties of the composition according to the invention and the plastics produced therefrom, for example, can be adjusted.
- the processing of the microgels thus produced is preferably based on BR, SBR, NBR, SNBR or Acrylonitrile or ABR can be obtained, for example, by evaporation, coagulation, by co-coagulation with a further latex polymer, by freeze coagulation (cf. US Pat. No. 2,187,146) or by spray drying.
- flow aids such as CaCO 3 or silica can also be added
- the microgel (B) is based on rubber, in a preferred embodiment of the composition according to the invention
- the microgel (B) has a swelling index in toluene at 23 ° C. of 1 to 15.
- the composition according to the invention preferably has a viscosity of 25 mPas up to 5000000 mPas, more preferably 200 mPas up to 3000000 mPas at a speed of 5 s "1 in a cone plate viscometer according to DIN 53018 at 20 ° C.
- Organic, crosslinkable medium (A) contains at least one organic medium (A) which, at a temperature of 120 ° C., has a viscosity of less than 30,000 mPas, preferably less than 10,000 mPas, more preferably less than 1,000, more preferably less than 750 mPas, and more preferably less than 500 mPas.
- the viscosity of the crosslinkable, organic medium (A) is determined at a speed of 5 s "1 using a cone and plate measuring system according to DIN 53018 at 120 ° C.
- Such a medium is liquid to solid at room temperature (20 ° C), Preferably liquid or flowable.
- Organic medium in the sense of the invention means that the medium contains at least one carbon atom.
- C further component
- liquid, crosslinkable, organic media (A) which are suitable for the preparation of the compositions according to the invention are, for example, polyols based on polyester, polyether or polyether polyester and epoxy resins, unsaturated polyester resins and acrylate resins.
- the resins or Resin mixtures and their hardener or hardener mixtures are preferably characterized in that one component has a functionality close to 2.0 and the other component has a functionality of preferably 1.5 to 2.5, more preferably 2 to 2.5, so that polymers are formed that are linear or weakly branched but not chemically cross-linked 0) .
- Polyester polyols are produced by condensation of dicarboxylic acids with excess amounts of di- or polyols or are based on caprolactones 1) .
- polyether polyols 1 ' Those based on propylene oxide and / or ethylene oxide are preferably used as polyether polyols 1 '.
- Polyoxytetramethylene glycols 1 ' are also used.
- alkylene oxides to di- or polyamines leads to nitrogen-containing basic polyethers 1 '.
- aromatic isocyanates such as TDI (tolylene diisocyanate) or MDI (methylene diphenyl diisocyanate), in certain cases also with NDI (naphthalene-1,5-diisocyanate) or TODI (3,3'-dimethyl-4,4'-diisocyanato) -biphenyl) and their derivatives, aromatic polyisocyanates based on the same or aliphatic isocyanates (HDI, IPDI, H- ⁇ 2 MDI (4,4'-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate), HTDI (methylcyclohexyl diisocyanate), XDI (xyylene diisocyanate), TMDI (trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate) (Dimeryl diisocyanate)) or aliphatic polyisocyanates based on the same basis as the trimers of HDI (hexamethylene diisocyanate) or MDI (trimethylhe
- Epoxy resins are made by reacting phenols or alcohols with epichlorohydrin. The most important resin in terms of quantity is the bisphenol A diglycidyl ether in addition to the bisphenol F diglycidyl ether 3 '. Other epoxy resins are the diluents such as hexane diglycidyl ether, the epoxy novolaks, the glycidyl esters, the glycidyl amines, the glycidyl isocyanurates and the cycloaliphatic epoxides.
- Important amines are the aliphatic and cycloaliphatic amines such as diethylenetriamine (DETA), triethylenetetramine (TETA), 3,3 ', 5-trimethylhexamethylenediamine (TMD), isophoronediamine (IPD), m-xylylenediamine (MXDA), the aromatic amines such as methylenedianiline (MDA ), 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS), amine adduct such.
- DETA diethylenetriamine
- TETA triethylenetetramine
- TMD 3,3 ', 5-trimethylhexamethylenediamine
- IPD isophoronediamine
- MXDA m-xylylenediamine
- the aromatic amines such as methylenedianiline (MDA ), 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS), amine adduct such.
- Cyclic acid anhydrides are e.g. B. phthalic anhydride (PSA) and
- Hexahydrophthalic anhydride 4 ' Unsaturated polyester resins are linear, soluble polycondensation products consisting mainly of maleic or fumaric acid and dihydric alcohols, which can be dissolved in a monomer capable of copolymerization, usually styrene, and are polymerized by adding peroxides 5 '.
- Adipic acid, phthalic acid, phthalic anhydride, tetrahydrophthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, tetrachlorophthalic acid, tetrabromophthalic acid, heteroacid and endo-methylene-tetrahydrophthalic anhydride can be used as acids in the UP resins.
- the main diols used for UP resins are 1, 2 and 1, 3-propanediol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, dipfopylene glycol and monoallyl ether of glycerol and trimethylolpropane 5 '.
- Monomers used in addition to other polymerizable monomers are, for. B. styrene, alpha-methyl styrene, methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate and vinyl acetate 5 '.
- the crosslinking of the crosslinkable composition according to the invention is preferably carried out peroxidically or by UV light or electron beams 5 '.
- the vinyl esters are similar to the unsaturated polyester resins, e.g. B.
- the liquid, crosslinkable, organic media (A) suitable for the preparation of the compositions according to the invention further include, for example: multifunctional alcohols, such as difunctional alcohols, such as Ethylene glycol, propanediol, butanediol, hexanediol, octanediol, polyether polyols, such as diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, polyalkylene oxide diols, such as polyethylene and / or propylene oxide diols, polyhexamethylene carbonate diols, multifunctional alcohols, such as glycerol, trimethylol propane, etc., multifunctional carboxylic acid dihydric acids, cyclic multifunctional carboxylic acids, cyclic acids, cyclic multifunctional carboxylic acids, cyclic acids
- Tolylene diisocyanate (Tolylene diisocyanate), MDI (methylene diphenyl diisocyanate), NDI (naphthalene-1, 5-diisocyanate), TODI (3,3'-dimethyl-4,4'-diisocyanato-biphenyl) and their derivatives, HDI, IPDI, H i2 MDI ( 4,4'-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate), HTDI (methylcyclohexyl diisocyanate), XDI (xylylene diisocyanate), TMDI (trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate), DMI (dimeryl diisocyanate)) or aliphatic polyisocyanates on the same basis as the trimer of HDI (hexamethylene diisocyanate) isocyanate or the IP , in particular oligomerized diisocyanates, blocked polyisocyanates, multifunctional amines, such as those mentioned above
- crosslinkable media are methyl methacrylate, alkyl methacrylates, alkyl acrylates or mixtures with comonomers such as methacrylates or acrylates, which are cured by peroxides or UV radiation / electron radiation.
- Particularly preferred crosslinkable organic media are polyols,
- Polyether polyols polyether diols, polyester diols, polyether ester diols, polyhexamethylene carbonate diols, diisocyanates, polyisocyanate prepolymers. It is also possible to mix the polyfunctional compounds usually referred to as crosslinked (C) of a polymer system as crosslinkable medium in the sense of the invention with the microgels, and to implement the composition obtained with the corresponding component to be crosslinked. In principle, care must be taken to ensure that the microgels can be reactive towards the crosslinkable medium. Polymers or copolymers of the monomers mentioned can also be dissolved in the materials described above. For curing with UV radiation / electron radiation, monomers such as. B. 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (EHA), stearyl acrylate and polyether acrylates such as. B. polyethylene glycol diacrylate 400 (PEG400DA),
- Polyester acrylates e.g. B. from polyester polyols or corresponding polyol / polycarboxylic acid mixtures by esterification with acrylic acid, urethane acrylates and acrylated polyacrylates used 6 '.
- the invention further relates to the use of the composition according to the invention for the production of microgel-containing polymers, as explained above. If those components which would lead to the formation of thermoplastic polymers are used as crosslinkable component (A), it is found, quite surprisingly, that microgel-containing polymers are obtained which behave like thermoplastic elastomers.
- the invention thus relates in particular to thermoplastic elastomers which are obtained by the polymerization or crosslinking of the compositions according to the invention which contain component (A).
- the invention also relates to the polymers or crosslinking products, in particular the thermoplastic elastomers, which are obtained by crosslinking or polymerizing the compositions containing the microgels and the crosslinkable component (A), and to the moldings and coatings produced therefrom by customary processes.
- the compositions according to the invention allow particularly simple and uniform incorporation of microgels into polymers, as a result of which the polymers obtained have surprisingly improved properties.
- the invention thus also relates to a process for the preparation of microgel-containing polymer compositions which comprises mixing at least one crosslinkable, organic medium (A) which is carried out at a temperature of 120 ° C. has a viscosity of less than 30,000 mPas, and comprises at least one microgel (B) which is not crosslinked by high-energy radiation, the subsequent addition of a crosslinking agent (C) for the crosslinkable medium (A) and the subsequent crosslinking or polymerization of the composition ,
- a crosslinking agent (C) for the crosslinkable medium (A) and the subsequent crosslinking or polymerization of the composition
- Elastomers are obtained, d. H. Polymers that, due to the presence of the microgel phase, behave like elastomers at low temperatures (such as room temperature), but can be processed like thermoplastics at higher temperatures.
- the crosslinkable organic medium (A) is a polyol, more preferably a diol, or a mixture thereof and the crosslinking agent (C) is a polyisocyanate, preferably a diisocyanate, or a mixture thereof.
- monofunctional so-called chain terminators can also be present.
- the composition according to the invention preferably contains 1 to 60% by weight.
- composition according to the invention further preferably contains 10 to 99% by weight, more preferably 30 to 95% by weight, even more preferably 40 to 90% by weight, furthermore preferably 50 to 85% by weight of the crosslinkable organic medium (A) .
- the composition according to the invention preferably consists of the crosslinkable, organic medium (A) and the microgel (B) and optionally the further components below. The presence of water is not preferred
- compositions containing less than 0.8 wt .-%, more preferably less than 0.5 wt .-% ⁇ water.
- the presence of water is most preferably excluded ( ⁇ 0.1% by weight).
- the composition according to the invention can, for example, additionally contain non-crosslinkable organic
- Media such as in particular organic solvents, saturated or aromatic hydrocarbons, polyether oils, ester oils, polyether ester oils, phosphoric acid esters, silicon-containing oils and halogenated hydrocarbons or combinations thereof, fillers, pigments, catalysts and additives, such as Contain dispersing aids, deaerators, flow agents, leveling agents, aids for substrate wetting, adhesion improvers for controlling the substrate wetting, for controlling conductivity, aids for controlling the color stability, the gloss and the floating.
- the additives mentioned can be incorporated particularly uniformly into the compositions according to the invention, which in turn leads to an improvement in the polymer compositions produced therefrom.
- Particularly suitable pigments and fillers for the production of the compositions according to the invention which contain the crosslinkable medium (A) and microgel-containing plastics made therefrom are, for example: inorganic and organic pigments, silicate fillers such as kaolin, talc, carbonates such as calcium carbonate and dolomite, barium sulfate, Metal oxides, such as zinc oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide, highly disperse silicas (precipitated and thermally produced silicas), metal hydroxides, such as aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide, glass fibers and glass fiber products (slats, strands or micro glass balls), carbon fibers, thermoplastic fibers (polyamide, polyester, aramid), Rubber gels based on polychloroprene and / or polybutadiene or also all other previously described gel particles which have a high degree of crosslinking and particle size 5 to 1000 nm.
- silicate fillers such as kaolin, talc
- carbonates such as calcium
- the fillers mentioned can be used alone or in a mixture.
- 1-30 parts by weight of rubber gel (B), optionally together with 0.1 to 40 parts by weight of fillers, and 30-99 parts by weight of liquid, crosslinkable medium (A) are used to prepare the compositions according to the invention.
- the compositions according to the invention can contain other auxiliaries such as crosslinking agents, reaction accelerators, anti-aging agents, heat stabilizers, light stabilizers, anti-ozone agents, plasticizers, tackifiers, blowing agents, dyes, waxes, extenders, organic acids, retarders, and filler activators, such as trimethoxysilane, polyethylene glycol, solvents, such as above, or others known in the industries described.
- auxiliaries are used in customary amounts, which depend, among other things, on the intended use. Usual amounts are, for example, amounts of 0.1 to 80% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 50% by weight, based on the amount of liquid, crosslinkable medium (A) used. In a preferred embodiment, the invention
- Composition by mixing at least one crosslinkable organic medium (A) which has a viscosity of less than 30,000 mPas at a temperature of 120 ° C. and at least one dry microgel powder (B) (preferably less than 1% by weight) more preferably less than 0.5% by weight of volatile components (no microgel latices are used when mixing components (A) and (B)), which is not crosslinked by high-energy radiation, by means of a homogenizer, a bead mill, a three-roller , a single or multi-shaft extruder screw, a kneader and / or a dissolver, preferably produced by means of a homogenizer, a bead mill or a three-roll.
- A crosslinkable organic medium
- B dry microgel powder
- the kneader in which only very highly viscous (almost solid to solid) compositions can preferably be used, is the most limited, ie it can only be used in special cases.
- a disadvantage of the pearl mill is the comparatively restricted viscosity range (tends to be preferred for thin compositions), high cleaning effort, expensive product changes in the compositions that can be used, and the abrasion of balls and grinding equipment.
- the compositions according to the invention are particularly preferably homogenized by means of a homogenizer or a three-roller.
- compositions according to the invention are very preferably homogenized by means of a homogenizer.
- the homogenizer allows thin and thick compositions to be processed at high throughput (high flexibility). Product changes are comparatively quick and easy.
- the microgels (B) are dispersed in the liquid medium (A) in the homogenizer in the homogenizing valve (see Fig. 1).
- agglomerates are broken down into aggregates and / or primary particles. Agglomerates are physically separable units whose dispersion does not change the primary particle size.
- valve seat valve seat
- Homogenized product Homogenized product).
- the product to be homogenized enters the homogenizing valve at a slow speed and becomes high in the homogenizing gap
- the dispersion takes place behind the gap mainly due to turbulence and cavitation 7 '.
- the temperature is expediently from -40 to 140 ° C., preferably from 20 to 80
- the composition to be homogenized is advantageously homogenized in the device at a pressure of 20 to 4000 bar, preferably 100 to 4000 bar, preferably 200 to 4000 bar, preferably 200-2000 bar, very preferably 500-1500 bar.
- the number of runs depends on the desired dispersion quality and can vary between one and 40, preferably one to 20, more preferably one to four runs.
- compositions produced according to the invention have a particularly fine particle distribution, which is achieved in particular with the homogenizer, which is also extremely advantageous with regard to the flexibility of the process with regard to varying viscosities of the liquid media and the resulting compositions and necessary temperatures and the dispersion quality (example 4).
- the invention further relates to the use of the compositions according to the invention for the production of molded articles and to the molded articles obtainable from the compositions according to the invention.
- molded articles include: plug connections, damping elements, in particular vibration and shock absorbing elements, acoustic damping elements, profiles, foils, in particular damping foils, floor mats, clothing, in particular shoe inserts, shoes, in particular ski shoes, shoe soles, electronic components, housings for electronic components,
- the molded articles according to the invention can be produced from the compositions according to the invention by customary processing methods, such as by pouring and spraying via 2-component systems, melt extrusion, calendering, IM, CM, and RIM etc.
- customary processing methods such as by pouring and spraying via 2-component systems, melt extrusion, calendering, IM, CM, and RIM etc.
- Example 1 Hydroxyl group-modified SBR gel (RFL 403A) in Desmophen 1150 In the example described below it is shown that under
- microgel composition according to the invention with particle diameters of 220 nm and smaller can be produced.
- the table below shows the composition of the microgel composition according to the invention:
- Desmophen 1150 is a branched polyalcohol with ester and ether groups from Bayer AG for the production of tough elastic coatings.
- Tego Airex 980 an organically modified polysiloxane, is a deaerator from Tego Chemie Service GmbH.
- RFL 403A is a cross-linked, surface-modified rubber gel based on SBR from RheinChemie Rheinau GmbH.
- RFL 403 A consists of 70% by weight butadiene, 22% by weight styrene, 5% by weight
- Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) and 3% by weight hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA).
- 350 g of the Na salt of a long-chain alkylsulfonic acid (368.4 g Mersolat K30 / 95 from Bayer AG)
- 27 g of the Na salt of methylene-bridged naphthalenesulfonic acid (Baykanol PQ from Bayer AG) are dissolved in 2.03 kg of water and submitted in a 5 l autoclave.
- the autoclave is evacuated three times and pressurized with nitrogen. Then 872 g of butadiene, 274 g of styrene, 69 g of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (90%), 38.5 g of hydroxyethyl methacrylate (96%) are added. The reaction mixture is heated to 30 ° C. with stirring. Then an aqueous solution consisting of 25 g of water, 180 mg of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (Merck-Schuchardt), 150 mg of iron (II) sulfate * 7H 2 0, 400 mg of Rongalit C (Merck-Schuchardt) and 500 mg of trisodium phosphate * 12H 2 O added.
- the reaction is started by adding an aqueous solution of 350 mg of p-menthane hydroperoxide (Trigonox NT 50 from Akzo-Degussa) and 25 g of Mersolat K 30/95, dissolved in 25 g of water. After a reaction time of 2.5 hours, the reaction temperature is raised to 40.degree. After a reaction time of 5 hours, the mixture is reactivated with an aqueous solution consisting of 25 g of water in which 25 g of Mersolat K30 / 95 and 350 mg of p-menthane hydroperoxide (Trigonox NT 50) are dissolved. When a polymerization conversion of 95-99% is reached, the polymerization is carried out by adding an aqueous solution of 2.5 g
- RFL 403B consists of 80% by weight styrene, 12% by weight butadiene, 5% by weight
- RFL 403 B is produced in analogy to RFL 403 A, with 996 g of styrene, 149 g of butadiene, 62 g of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate and 37 g of hydroxyethyl methacrylate being used in the polymerization.
- RFL 403A and RFL 403B were obtained from the latex by spray drying.
- Desmophen 1150 was introduced for the preparation of the composition according to the invention and RFL 403A and Tego Airex 980 were added with stirring using a dissolver.
- the mixture was left to stand for a day and then further processed with the homogenizer.
- the composition according to the invention was added to the homogenizer at room temperature and passed through the homogenizer 19 times at 900 to 1000 bar in batch mode.
- the composition heats up to approx. 40 ° C in the first pass and to approx. 70 ° C in the second pass. It was made sure that the temperature of the composition does not exceed 120 ° C, which was achieved by cooling in the refrigerator.
- the mean particle diameter of the microgel particles was measured by means of an LS 230 Beckman-Coulter device using laser light scattering.
- the d50 value of the microgel particles is 112 ⁇ m before the homogenization and 220 nm after the homogenization.
- the (theoretical) primary particle diameter of 70 nm is achieved in 10% of the particles in the composition. It should be noted that static laser light scattering, in contrast to the ultracentrifuge, does not provide absolute values. With this composition, the values tend to be too high.
- the LS 230 Beckman-Coulter device uses a static method, laser diffractometry (LD). The measuring range can be expanded by switching on the PIDS technology (PIDS: polarization intensity differential scattering) from 2000 ⁇ m down to 40 nm.
- compositions according to the invention which contain particles or particle agglomerates with particle diameters mainly in the range from 50 nm to 500 nm, with an average particle diameter of approximately 250 nm, in a homogenizer can be manufactured using 900 to 1000 bar.
- the following table shows the composition of the microgel paste:
- RC-PUR KE 8306 is an activated polyol blend for the production of PUR in the cold casting process from RheinChemie Rheinau GmbH.
- RC-DUR 120 an aromatic polyisocyanate from RheinChemie Rheinau GmbH, is used as the crosslinking component.
- Byk-LP X 6331 is a breather for PU systems from Byk-Chemie GmbH.
- RFL 403A is a cross-linked, surface-modified rubber gel based on SBR from Rhein Chemie Rheinau GmbH.
- RFL 403 B has been described above.
- RC-PUR KE 8306 was submitted and Byk-LP X 6331 and RFL 403A or RFL 403 B were added with stirring.
- the mixture was left to stand for at least one day and then further processed with the homogenizer.
- the composition according to the invention was added to the homogenizer at room temperature and passed twice through the homogenizer at 900 to 1000 bar in batch mode. The first time the microgel paste heats up to approx. 40 ° C, the second time to approx. 70 ° C.
- the composition according to the invention was then reacted with RC-DUR 120 to form a polymer which belongs to the class of cold cast elastomers (PUR-E).
- PUR-E cold cast elastomers
- the particle sizes of the rubber gel particles and agglomerates and the structure of the rubber gel agglomerates in the PU-E obtained were examined by means of TEM images (see FIGS. 2 and 3). Due to the particularly homogeneous distribution of the microgels in the
- Polyol components of RC-PUR KE 8306 achieve special properties such as improved tear resistance and better impact resistance (see table below). MG content Shore D tear resistance impact resistant
- the Shore D hardness was measured based on DIN 53505 and the tear propagation resistance based on DIN 53515 at room temperature (approx. 23 ° C).
- the Charpy impact strength was measured in accordance with DIN EN ISO 179 at 22 ° C.
- the test rods sent for testing had the dimensions approx. 15.3 cm x 1.5 cm x 1 cm.
- the morphology is verified with the help of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images.
- TEM transmission electron microscopy
- the thin sections were transferred to copper nets, dried and first examined extensively in the TEM. Thereupon with 80 kV
- Acceleration voltage with a suitable magnification an area of 833.7 nm * 828.8 nm of a characteristic image section is stored and evaluated using digital image software for documentation purposes.
- Fig. 2 TEM image of a PUR system (E), produced from a composition according to the invention and RC-DUR 120; Scale 5 ⁇ m (5000 times).
- Fig. 3 TEM image of a PUR system (E), made from a composition according to the invention and RC-DUR 120; Scale 500 nm (50,000 times).
- the TEM images show that particles or particle agglomerates with particle diameters are mainly in the range from 50 nm to 500 nm, with an average particle diameter of approx. 250 nm, whereas experience shows that after incorporation of the microgels using a dissolver, the average particle diameter is approx. 120 nm (RFL 403A).
- the particle sizes found directly in this example support the values determined indirectly in example 1 in the rubber gel paste (D) by means of laser diffractometry (LD). Due to the particularly fine distribution of the microgels in the plastic matrix, improved properties such as higher tear propagation resistance and higher impact strength are achieved.
- Example 3 Hydroxyl group-modified SBR gel (RFL 403B or RFL 403A) in RC-Phen E 123
- compositions according to the invention which have been dispersed with the homogenizer have improved properties after curing which are caused by the nanoparticles.
- the following table shows, for example, the composition of a microgel paste which is nineteen percent microgel:
- the blends used differ in the amount and type of microgel added.
- the activator mixture consists mainly of RC-PUR activator 105E and 50% by weight Mesamoll (Bayer AG).
- RC-Phen E 123 is an inactivated polyol blend for the production of PUR in the cold casting process from RheinChemie Rheinau GmbH.
- RC-DUR 110 an aromatic polyisocyanate from RheinChemie Rheinau GmbH, is used as the crosslinking component
- RC-PUR activator 105E is a PU additive from RheinChemie Rheinau
- Byk-LP X 6331 is a breather for PU systems from Byk-Chemie GmbH.
- RFL 403A is a cross-linked, surface-modified rubber gel based on SBR from RheinChemie Rheinau GmbH.
- T-Paste is a filler-containing commercial product from UOP.
- RC-Phen E 123 was introduced and the activator mixture, Byk-LP X 6331, RFL 403A and T-Paste were added with stirring using a dissolver. The mixture was left to stand for at least one day and then further processed with the homogenizer.
- the composition according to the invention was added to the homogenizer at room temperature and passed twice through the homogenizer at 900 to 1000 bar in batch mode.
- the composition according to the invention was then reacted with RC-DUR 110 to form a polymer which belongs to the class of cold cast elastomers.
- Fig. 7 shows that the hardness increases from 46 Shore A to 71 Shore A when microgel is added.
- Fig. 8 Tear resistance of the “RC-Phen123- RFL 403B - RC DUR110 system; RT (machine processing).
- Fig. 8 shows that the tear propagation resistance increases by adding microgel from 6 Nmm “1 to 13 Nrnm " 1 .
- Example 4 Hydroxyl group modified SBR gel (OBR 1212) in Desmophen 1600U
- compositions according to the invention which mainly contain primary particles with an average particle diameter mainly of approximately 60 nm, can be produced in a homogenizer by using 900 to 1000 bar ,
- Desmophen 1600U is a commercial product / polyol (polyether) from Bayer AG.
- OBR 1212 is a cross-linked, surface-modified rubber gel based on SBR from RheinChemie Rheinau GmbH.
- OBR 1212 consists of 46.5% by weight of butadiene, 31% by weight of styrene, 12.5% by weight of trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TMPTMA) and 10% by weight
- HEMA Hydroxyethyl methacrylate
- Desmophen 1600U submitted and add OBR 1212 with stirring using a dissolver.
- the mixture was left to stand for at least one day and then further processed with the homogenizer.
- the composition according to the invention was added to the homogenizer at room temperature and passed 4 times through the homogenizer at 900 to 1000 bar in batch mode. The first time the microgel paste heats up to approx. 40 ° C, the second time to approx. 70 ° C. After that was Microgel paste cooled to room temperature and dispersed a third and fourth time.
- the particle diameter of the latex particles is determined by means of ultracentrifugation (W. Scholtan, H. Lange, "Determination of the Particle Size Distribution of Latices with the Ultracentrifuge", Colloid Journal and Journal for Polymers (1972) Volume 250, Issue, 8).
- Fig. 9 Differential and integral particle size distribution of OBR 1212 in Desmophen 1600U.
- Fig. 9 clearly shows that it was possible to redisperse solid OBR 1212 in Desmophen 1600U.
- the mean particle diameter of the OBR latex and the redispersed OBR 1212 hardly differ (see Fig. 10).
- Primary particles are primarily present in both materials.
- Fig. 10 Differential particle size distribution of OBR 1212 latex and of OBR 1212, redispersed in Desmophen 1600U, in comparison.
- Example 5 Hydroxyl group-modified SBR gels with glass transition temperatures below 20 ° C. in RC-Phen E 123
- T-Paste is a commercial product from UOP.
- RC-Phen E 123 is an inactivated polyol blend for the production of PUR in the cold casting process from RheinChemie Rheinau GmbH.
- RC-DUR 110 an aromatic polyisocyanate from RheinChemie Rheinau GmbH, is used as the crosslinking component.
- the activator mixture consists mainly of RC-PUR activator 105E and 50% by weight Mesamoll.
- RC-PUR Aktivator 105E is a PU additive from RheinChemie Rheinau GmbH.
- the microgels OBR 1211, OBR 1212 and OBR 1223 are cross-linked, surface-modified rubber gels based on SBR from RheinChemie Rheinau GmbH.
- the microgels are produced analogously to Example 1 for RFL 403 A (see the following table).
- the density of RC-Phen E 123 is 1.0 g / ml; the density of microgels is usually around 0.96 g / ml, ie due to the Incorporation of microgels, in contrast to inorganic fillers, hardly changes their density in polyols.
- RC-Phen E 123 was introduced for the preparation of the composition according to the invention and the respective OBR microgel was added with stirring using a dissolver. The mixture was left to stand for at least one day and then further processed with the homogenizer.
- the composition according to the invention was added to the homogenizer at room temperature and passed through the homogenizer four times at 900 to 1000 bar in batch mode. The first time the microgel paste heats up to approx. 40 ° C, the second time to approx. 70 ° C. The microgel paste was then allowed to cool to room temperature by standing and the process repeated until four passes were reached.
- the activator mixture and T-paste were then added. The amount of activator was chosen so that a processing time of about 3 minutes was achieved.
- composition according to the invention was converted with RC-DUR 110 (based on the hydroxyl numbers determined analytically on the microgel + polyol system, the amount of isocyanate was chosen such that a 6% excess was used in each case) to give a polymer which belongs to the class of cold casting elastomers.
- the properties described below are achieved by adding the microgels in the polyoic component of RC-Phen E 123 (see the following tables).
- the Shore A hardness was based on DIN 53505, the rebound resilience based on DIN 53512, the tensile properties based on EN ISO 527-1 (standard bars S2 prepared according to DIN 53504) and the tear resistance based on DIN 53515 at room temperature (approx . 23 ° C) measured.
- the investigated low Tg microgels show that the ratio of the stress values at 300% elongation and 100% elongation is increased compared to microgel-free PU.
- microgels can advantageously be used to modify the rheology of the polyol component, the density of the system remaining almost unchanged.
- the microgel-free RC-Phen 123 shows Newtonian flow behavior;
- the RC-Phen 123 which is five percent of OBR 1212, also has Newtonian flow behavior to a first approximation.
- the 15 percent RC-Phen 123 on OBR 1223 is strongly thixotropic.
- the table above shows that the thickening (thixotropy or structural viscosity) is most pronounced for the undispersed mixtures.
- OBR 1212 is well dispersed even in one pass through the homogenizer, so that the resulting viscosities of the mixtures are low and even similar at 15% OBR 1212.
- OBR 1223 thickens significantly more than OBR 1212; the mixtures are strongly thixotropic. This shows that the rheological behavior depends on the nature of the microgel. This can be used to easily influence the rheological behavior by selecting the microgel.
- microgels with glass transition temperatures above room temperature in RC-Phen E 123.
- Example 6 Hydroxyl group-modified microgels with glass transition temperatures above room temperature (20 °) in RC-Phen E 123
- compositions according to the invention which have been dispersed with the homogenizer have improved properties after curing which are caused by the nanoparticles.
- compositions of various microgel pastes 1. RC-Phen 123 89.98 74.955 89.97 79.85 74.8 0.02 0.045 0.03 0.15 0.2
- RC-Phen E 123 is an inactivated polyol blend for the production of PUR in the cold casting process from RheinChemie Rheinau GmbH.
- RC-DUR 110 an aromatic polyisocyanate from RheinChemie Rheinau GmbH, is used as the crosslinking component.
- the activator mixture consists of 10% RC-PUR activator 201 N and 90% by weight Mesamoll (Bayer AG).
- RC-PUR Aktivator 201 N is a PU additive from RheinChemie Rheinau GmbH.
- the microgels are cross-linked, surface-modified rubber gels based on SBR, ACN or SNBR from RheinChemie Rheinau GmbH. The microgels are prepared as described in Example 1 for RFL 403 A.
- L-Paste is a commercial product from UOP.
- Levasil 300/30 is a commercial product from H.C. Starck.
- Acticide MBS is a commercial product of Thor GmbH.
- RC-Phen E 123 was presented and the respective OBR microgel was added with stirring using a dissolver.
- the mixture was Let stand for at least one day and then further processed with the homogenizer.
- the composition according to the invention was added to the homogenizer at room temperature and passed through the homogenizer six times at 900 to 1000 bar in batch mode. The first time the microgel paste heats up to approx. 40 ° C, the second time to approx. 70 ° C. The microgel paste was then allowed to cool to room temperature by standing and the process repeated until six runs were reached.
- the activator mixture and L-paste were then added. The amount of activator was chosen so that a processing time of about 3 minutes was achieved.
- composition according to the invention was converted with RC-DUR 110 (based on the hydroxyl numbers determined analytically on the microgel + polyol system, the amount of isocyanate was chosen such that a 6% excess was used in each case) to give a polymer which belongs to the class of cold casting elastomers.
- the properties described below are obtained by adding the microgels to the polyol component of RC-Phen E 123.
- the Shore A hardness was based on DIN 53505, the
- the table above shows that the tear strength, the reinforcing effect, the Shore A hardness and the resilience of the resulting microgel-containing polymer compositions are influenced by the type and amount of the microgels used.
- hydroxyl modified microgels can provide positive compression set of the resulting microgel-containing polymer compositions.
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Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP04766849.6A EP1664158B1 (de) | 2003-09-27 | 2004-09-23 | Mikrogele in vernetzbaren, organischen medien |
| CA2539499A CA2539499C (en) | 2003-09-27 | 2004-09-23 | Microgels in crosslinkable organic media |
| CN2004800279137A CN1856528B (zh) | 2003-09-27 | 2004-09-23 | 在可交联的有机介质中的微粒凝胶 |
| JP2006527424A JP2007506832A (ja) | 2003-09-27 | 2004-09-23 | 架橋性有機媒体中のミクロゲル |
| US10/573,217 US20070232733A1 (en) | 2003-09-27 | 2004-09-23 | Microgels in Crosslinkable Organic Media |
| BRPI0414789-8A BRPI0414789A (pt) | 2003-09-27 | 2004-09-23 | microgéis em meios orgánicos reticuláveis |
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| DE10344976A DE10344976A1 (de) | 2003-09-27 | 2003-09-27 | Mikrogele in vernetzbaren, organischen Medien |
| DE10344976.0 | 2003-09-27 |
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| WO2005033186A1 true WO2005033186A1 (de) | 2005-04-14 |
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| US (2) | US20070232733A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1664158B1 (de) |
| JP (2) | JP2007506832A (de) |
| CN (1) | CN1856528B (de) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0414789A (de) |
| CA (1) | CA2539499C (de) |
| DE (1) | DE10344976A1 (de) |
| RU (1) | RU2397182C2 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2005033186A1 (de) |
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- 2004-09-23 US US10/947,875 patent/US20050182158A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-09-23 CA CA2539499A patent/CA2539499C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-09-23 CN CN2004800279137A patent/CN1856528B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-09-23 JP JP2006527424A patent/JP2007506832A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-09-23 RU RU2006114345/04A patent/RU2397182C2/ru active
- 2004-09-23 BR BRPI0414789-8A patent/BRPI0414789A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2004-09-23 EP EP04766849.6A patent/EP1664158B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1674501A1 (de) * | 2004-12-24 | 2006-06-28 | Rhein Chemie Rheinau GmbH | Mikrogel-enthaltende duroplastische Zusammensetzung |
| US8127812B2 (en) * | 2007-01-12 | 2012-03-06 | Toyo Tire & Rubber Co., Ltd. | Pneumatic tire having cap tread including crosslinked rubber particles |
| DE102007011424A1 (de) | 2007-03-08 | 2008-09-11 | Lanxess Deutschland Gmbh | Polymerelektrolytmembran mit funktionalisierten Nanopartikeln |
| US8367231B2 (en) | 2007-03-08 | 2013-02-05 | Elcomax Membranes Gmbh | Polymer electrolyte membrane with functionalized nanoparticles |
| WO2009141391A1 (de) * | 2008-05-23 | 2009-11-26 | Rhein Chemie Rheinau Gmbh | Kohlenstoffnanoröhren und mikrogele enthaltende organische medien |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1664158A1 (de) | 2006-06-07 |
| CA2539499A1 (en) | 2005-04-14 |
| BRPI0414789A (pt) | 2006-11-21 |
| EP1664158B1 (de) | 2019-05-01 |
| CN1856528B (zh) | 2012-11-14 |
| JP2007506832A (ja) | 2007-03-22 |
| WO2005033186A9 (de) | 2005-06-09 |
| CN1856528A (zh) | 2006-11-01 |
| DE10344976A1 (de) | 2005-04-21 |
| RU2397182C2 (ru) | 2010-08-20 |
| CA2539499C (en) | 2012-12-18 |
| US20050182158A1 (en) | 2005-08-18 |
| US20070232733A1 (en) | 2007-10-04 |
| JP5766224B2 (ja) | 2015-08-19 |
| JP2013136764A (ja) | 2013-07-11 |
| RU2006114345A (ru) | 2007-11-10 |
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