WO2005085876A1 - 振動型圧電加速度センサ - Google Patents
振動型圧電加速度センサ Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005085876A1 WO2005085876A1 PCT/JP2005/002126 JP2005002126W WO2005085876A1 WO 2005085876 A1 WO2005085876 A1 WO 2005085876A1 JP 2005002126 W JP2005002126 W JP 2005002126W WO 2005085876 A1 WO2005085876 A1 WO 2005085876A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- vibration
- acceleration sensor
- type piezoelectric
- sensor according
- piezoelectric acceleration
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P15/00—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration
- G01P15/02—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses
- G01P15/08—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values
- G01P15/09—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values by piezoelectric pick-up
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P15/00—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration
- G01P15/02—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses
- G01P15/08—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values
- G01P15/097—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values by vibratory elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P15/00—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration
- G01P15/18—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration in two or more dimensions
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P15/00—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration
- G01P15/02—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses
- G01P15/08—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values
- G01P2015/0805—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values being provided with a particular type of spring-mass-system for defining the displacement of a seismic mass due to an external acceleration
- G01P2015/0822—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values being provided with a particular type of spring-mass-system for defining the displacement of a seismic mass due to an external acceleration for defining out-of-plane movement of the mass
- G01P2015/084—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values being provided with a particular type of spring-mass-system for defining the displacement of a seismic mass due to an external acceleration for defining out-of-plane movement of the mass the mass being suspended at more than one of its sides, e.g. membrane-type suspension, so as to permit multi-axis movement of the mass
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a vibration-type piezoelectric acceleration sensor (hereinafter, referred to as VAS) used for acceleration, attitude control of a mobile body such as a vehicle, and a control system.
- VAS vibration-type piezoelectric acceleration sensor
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a conventional acceleration sensor.
- the chip 1 has a diaphragm 2 formed on the back surface thereof, and a plurality of strain-sensitive resistors 3 provided on the surface of the portion where the diaphragm 2 is formed.
- the other part of the surface of the chip 1 is provided with a semiconductor integrated circuit for calculating the acceleration and a thin film resistor 4 for adjusting the characteristics of the semiconductor integrated circuit.
- the protective film 5 is formed on the portion including the upper part 4.
- a glass weight 6 is bonded to the back surface of the chip 1.
- FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the acceleration sensor.
- a piezoelectric element 11 for outputting a signal corresponding to the acceleration G
- an impedance conversion means 12 for converting a signal output from the piezoelectric element 11, and a signal output from the impedance conversion means 12
- Filter means 13 for removing unnecessary signals
- amplification means 14 for amplifying necessary signals output from filter means 13
- AC signal output means 16 for outputting an AC signal synchronized with the synchronization of a timing signal inputted from the outside 16
- a force such as a capacitor 17 connected in series between the AC signal output means 16 and the piezoelectric element 11 is also configured.
- a voltage signal output from the conventional acceleration sensor configured as described above is configured to be taken into the measurement / calculation means 18 and the control means 15 which are also a microcomputer. ing. When two-axis detection is performed, the detection is performed by orthogonally arranging two identical ones.
- the present invention provides a frame, a pair of diaphragms provided on the frame so as to oppose each other in a straight line, a lower electrode, a piezoelectric thin film, and an upper electrode which are sequentially laminated on the diaphragm. It has an element consisting of a support that holds one end side close to the plate and a holding part that holds the support slidably in a linear direction, and the acceleration transmitted to the support via the element holding part.
- the diaphragm expands and contracts, the acceleration is detected from the change in the natural vibration frequency of the diaphragm, and a set of vibrations is set so as to be orthogonal to a set of diaphragms provided on the frame in a straight line.
- a vibration-type piezoelectric acceleration sensor that detects two-axis acceleration by providing plates facing each other on a straight line. In this way, static and dynamic acceleration detection can be performed with stable two-axis acceleration detection without being affected by environmental changes such as noise, and highly accurate control can be performed even under severe temperature changes.
- a vibration type piezoelectric acceleration sensor can be provided.
- FIG. 1 is a plan view showing a configuration of an element of a vibration-type piezoelectric acceleration sensor (VAS) according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- VAS vibration-type piezoelectric acceleration sensor
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a configuration of a diaphragm of a VAS according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 3A is a diagram showing a configuration of a VAS according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 3B is a diagram showing a configuration of a VAS according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3C is a diagram showing a configuration of a VAS according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3D is a diagram showing a configuration of a VAS according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of two-axis detection of a VAS according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5A is a manufacturing step diagram showing a method of manufacturing a VAS according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 5B is a manufacturing step diagram showing a method for manufacturing a VAS according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 5C is a manufacturing step diagram showing a method for manufacturing a VAS according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5D is a manufacturing step diagram showing the method for manufacturing the VAS according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5E is a manufacturing step diagram showing the method for manufacturing the VAS according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5F is a manufacturing step diagram showing a method for manufacturing a VAS according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a configuration of an airbag control system using a VAS according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a conventional acceleration sensor.
- FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing a configuration of another conventional acceleration sensor.
- diaphragms 23a to 23d having a natural vibration frequency are provided in frame 31.
- the support 33 changes the natural vibration frequency of the diaphragms 23a to 23d.
- the holding portions 32a to 32d are formed in a zigzag shape to hold the support 33 slidably in a linear direction. With such a configuration, the diaphragms 23a to 23d can expand and contract, and the acceleration can be detected with high response and high accuracy without being affected by a temperature change.
- the diaphragm 23a is formed in a beam shape and has bases 34 at both ends, and has a structure in which one base 34 is supported by the frame 31 and the other base 34 is supported by the support 33. .
- the support 33 is supported by the frame 31 via a holding portion 32a formed in a zigzag shape so that the support 33 can reciprocate on a straight line.
- the description is made using one diaphragm 23a provided in the frame 31, but the same applies to the other diaphragms 23b to 23d, and the description is omitted.
- the arm 23i is provided so as to be pulled out from the base 34.
- the resonance sharpness is increased by at least 2-3 times, and the detection accuracy can be improved by increasing the resonance sharpness. Further, since a higher change rate of the resonance frequency can be obtained by the acceleration, the acceleration can be detected with high accuracy without being affected by the temperature change.
- diaphragm 23 a is composed of Si layer 20 formed on SiO layer 22 and Si layer 20.
- the upper electrode is composed of a drive electrode 26b, a detection electrode 26a, and a cap.
- the drive electrode 26b and the detection electrode 26a are formed up to the frame 31 and the support 33 along the center of the beam forming the diaphragm 23a.
- the drive electrode 26b and the detection electrode 26a are configured to be provided with a take-out electrode (not shown) at a predetermined portion extending to the frame 31, and to be taken out by a control circuit (not shown).
- a take-out electrode not shown
- the vibration of the diaphragm 23a is not affected, so that the acceleration can be detected with high accuracy without being affected by the temperature change.
- the drive electrode 26b and the detection electrode 26a are arranged so as to be orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the diaphragm 23a and symmetric with respect to a central axis equally dividing the diaphragm 23a. In this way, the driving sensitivity of the diaphragm 23a and detection from the diaphragm 23a can be maximized by equally dividing the effective area of the diaphragm 23a.
- VAS vibration type piezoelectric acceleration sensor
- 3A to 3D show the configuration of the VAS according to the present embodiment, and show the diaphragms 23a to 23d, respectively.
- the element using the diaphragm 23a shown in FIG. 2 is shown by an equivalent circuit 35.
- the element 35 is attached to a main body (not shown) so as to hold the frame 31 of the element 35.
- a signal such as some noise is input to the amplifier circuit 38 and amplified.
- the amplified signal is input to the drive electrode 26b of the element 35 through the drive signal line 36b to vibrate the diaphragm 23a.
- charge is excited from the piezoelectric thin film 25 forming the diaphragm 23a to the detection electrode 26a, and is input from the detection electrode 26a to the amplification circuit 38 through the detection signal line 36a.
- this closed loop operation is repeated, and a stable steady state is established at the resonance frequency of the natural vibration.
- the resonance frequency signal of the natural vibration is input to the FZV converter 39 and is converted into a predetermined voltage.
- the AGC circuit 40 controls the AGC circuit 40 to operate so that accurate FZV conversion can be performed without error when the voltage level output from the amplifier 38 increases and the signal is distorted.
- FIG. 4 shows the configuration of the VAS body 41.
- This is a two-axis detection configuration in which differential outputs are obtained by differential circuits 42 and 43 as output signals of VAS 41a-41d and are used as detection signals of acceleration in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction.
- the differential circuits 42 and 43 dynamically cancel changes in each element and circuit characteristics, so that further stability can be achieved.
- 5A to 5F are manufacturing process diagrams showing a method of manufacturing a VAS according to the present embodiment, and show a cross-sectional view of a central portion of diaphragm 23a.
- an etching stopper 22 made of SiO to stop etching is formed on a substrate 21 also made of S, and a Si stopper is formed on the etching stopper 22.
- the layer 20 is formed.
- the thickness of the substrate 21 was 500 m
- the thickness of the etching stopper 22 was 2 m
- the thickness of the Si layer 20 was 10 ⁇ m.
- a 50 A thick Ti is formed on the Si layer 20 using high frequency sputtering, and a 2000 A thick platinum is further formed to form the lower electrode 24.
- a piezoelectric thin film 25 made of PZT (Lead Zirconate Titanate) is formed on this platinum with a thickness of 25 ⁇ m, and a Ti layer is formed by vapor deposition on the piezoelectric thin film 25 using a metal mask so as to have a predetermined pattern.
- a 100A film is formed, and a 3000A thick film is formed on the Ti layer by vapor deposition.
- the upper electrode 26 having a predetermined pattern is formed.
- a resist 27 is formed on gold as an etching mask.
- a side groove 28 is formed by etching.
- the support 33 and the holding portion 32 are also made of Si to improve the stability of the resonance frequency change corresponding to the stress generated in the diaphragm 23 due to the applied acceleration change. You can do it.
- a resist 27 having a predetermined pattern is formed on the back surface of the substrate 21, and a hole 29 is formed by etching the back surface of the substrate 21.
- diaphragm 23 formed in a thin and beam-like shape can be manufactured.
- the detection sensitivity by adding more mass to the upper surface or lower surface of the support 33, the mass of the support 33 increases, the stress applied to the diaphragm 23a increases, and the acceleration increases. Therefore, the degree of change of the vibration frequency with respect to is increased, and the detection sensitivity can be increased.
- FIG. 6 shows a car airbag control system as an application example using the VAS41 according to the present invention.
- VAS41 is placed in the X-axis and Y-axis directions.
- the control system will be described using a vehicle body 44, a front airbag 45, a side airbag 46, an airbag opening device 47, and a driver 48.
- the arrow 49 indicates the traveling direction.
- the VAS 41 of the present invention mounted as described above controls the vehicle body 44 by controlling the acceleration.
- the acceleration output signal is transmitted to the air knock.
- the opening device 47 outputs a signal for opening the airbag.
- the opening signal is transmitted to the airbag devices 45 and 46 to open the airbag, thereby enabling safe operation control.
- the front airbag 45 when acceleration occurs during a collision in the traveling direction (X-axis direction), the front airbag 45 is opened.
- acceleration Y-axis direction
- a life accident can be prevented beforehand by opening the side airbag 46 with a signal based on the acceleration in the left-right direction.
- high and high level safety control is enabled.
- the arrangement of the vibration type piezoelectric acceleration sensor 41 is the average acceleration. It is desirable to provide it at the center of the vehicle body 44 from the viewpoint of detection.
- the VAS 41 is mounted at the center of the vehicle. Further, the positional relationship between the driver and the airbag device in the vehicle body is not limited to the present embodiment. For example, it goes without saying that the effects of the present invention are exhibited even when the driver is located on the left side of the vehicle body with respect to the traveling direction!
- the VAS according to the present invention can obtain a high rate of change in the resonance frequency due to the acceleration, and therefore can detect the acceleration with high accuracy without being affected by the temperature change.
- gravity on the earth can be used as stationary acceleration detection in addition to the airbag control system.
- the stationary acceleration detection can be used as a sensor for detecting an inclination angle, and can be used for a three-dimensional three-dimensional navigation device including altitude by detecting the inclination angle.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Pressure Sensors (AREA)
- Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP05719073A EP1691202A4 (en) | 2004-03-02 | 2005-02-14 | VIBRATING PIEZOELECTRIC ACCELERATOR PICKUP |
| US10/585,618 US7587941B2 (en) | 2004-03-02 | 2005-02-14 | Vibration piezoelectric acceleration sensor |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004057203A JP2005249446A (ja) | 2004-03-02 | 2004-03-02 | 振動型圧電加速度センサ |
| JP2004-057203 | 2004-03-02 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2005085876A1 true WO2005085876A1 (ja) | 2005-09-15 |
Family
ID=34917912
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2005/002126 Ceased WO2005085876A1 (ja) | 2004-03-02 | 2005-02-14 | 振動型圧電加速度センサ |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7587941B2 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP1691202A4 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP2005249446A (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN1926434A (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2005085876A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102507980A (zh) * | 2011-11-02 | 2012-06-20 | 重庆理工大学 | 一种基于自谐振技术的硅微二维加速度传感器 |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4779423B2 (ja) * | 2005-04-26 | 2011-09-28 | パナソニック株式会社 | 振動型圧電加速度センサ素子とこれを用いた振動型圧電加速度センサ |
| JP4998388B2 (ja) * | 2008-07-03 | 2012-08-15 | パナソニック株式会社 | センシング装置 |
| JP5888411B2 (ja) * | 2012-04-27 | 2016-03-22 | 株式会社村田製作所 | 加速度センサ |
| JP5967194B2 (ja) * | 2012-04-27 | 2016-08-10 | 株式会社村田製作所 | 加速度センサ |
| JP7056575B2 (ja) | 2016-11-11 | 2022-04-19 | ソニーグループ株式会社 | 情報処理装置 |
| JP2018077200A (ja) * | 2016-11-11 | 2018-05-17 | ソニーセミコンダクタソリューションズ株式会社 | 信号処理装置、慣性センサ、加速度測定方法、電子機器およびプログラム |
| JP2018077201A (ja) * | 2016-11-11 | 2018-05-17 | ソニーセミコンダクタソリューションズ株式会社 | センサ素子、慣性センサ及び電子機器 |
| EP3930570B1 (en) * | 2019-02-28 | 2024-08-07 | Adamant Health Oy | Measurement unit and monitoring system for monitoring indicator of parkinson's disease in person |
| US20250146819A1 (en) * | 2023-11-03 | 2025-05-08 | TechnoSensors Inc. | Silicon-based piezoelectric inertial sensor unit |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH02248867A (ja) * | 1989-03-23 | 1990-10-04 | Toyo Commun Equip Co Ltd | 加速度センサ |
| JPH09196965A (ja) * | 1996-01-12 | 1997-07-31 | Murata Mfg Co Ltd | 加速度センサ |
| JPH09211020A (ja) * | 1996-02-06 | 1997-08-15 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 加速度センサー |
| JP2000206141A (ja) * | 1999-01-20 | 2000-07-28 | Miyota Kk | 運動量センサ |
| JP2000205862A (ja) * | 1999-01-15 | 2000-07-28 | Samsung Electro Mech Co Ltd | マイクロ慣性センサ―の製造方法及びマイクロ慣性センサ― |
| JP2002243450A (ja) * | 2001-02-16 | 2002-08-28 | Victor Co Of Japan Ltd | 角速度センサ、加速度センサ及び角速度/加速度兼用センサ |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4805456A (en) * | 1987-05-19 | 1989-02-21 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Resonant accelerometer |
| US4901570A (en) * | 1988-11-21 | 1990-02-20 | General Motors Corporation | Resonant-bridge two axis microaccelerometer |
| US5233874A (en) * | 1991-08-19 | 1993-08-10 | General Motors Corporation | Active microaccelerometer |
| JP2900658B2 (ja) | 1991-09-24 | 1999-06-02 | 株式会社村田製作所 | 加速度センサ |
| EP0547742B1 (en) * | 1991-12-19 | 1995-12-13 | Motorola, Inc. | Triaxial accelerometer |
| DE4208043A1 (de) * | 1992-03-13 | 1993-09-23 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Verfahren zur messung einer beschleunigung, beschleunigungssensor und verfahren zu dessen herstellung |
| JPH05288771A (ja) | 1992-04-09 | 1993-11-02 | Fujikura Ltd | ダイヤフラム式加速度センサ及びその製造方法 |
| US5367217A (en) * | 1992-11-18 | 1994-11-22 | Alliedsignal Inc. | Four bar resonating force transducer |
| US5780742A (en) * | 1993-04-15 | 1998-07-14 | Honeywell Inc. | Mechanical resonance, silicon accelerometer |
| US6223598B1 (en) * | 1997-06-18 | 2001-05-01 | Analog Devices, Inc. | Suspension arrangement for semiconductor accelerometer |
| JP2001133476A (ja) * | 1999-11-01 | 2001-05-18 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 加速度センサ |
-
2004
- 2004-03-02 JP JP2004057203A patent/JP2005249446A/ja active Pending
-
2005
- 2005-02-14 WO PCT/JP2005/002126 patent/WO2005085876A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2005-02-14 CN CNA2005800067496A patent/CN1926434A/zh active Pending
- 2005-02-14 US US10/585,618 patent/US7587941B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-02-14 EP EP05719073A patent/EP1691202A4/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH02248867A (ja) * | 1989-03-23 | 1990-10-04 | Toyo Commun Equip Co Ltd | 加速度センサ |
| JPH09196965A (ja) * | 1996-01-12 | 1997-07-31 | Murata Mfg Co Ltd | 加速度センサ |
| JPH09211020A (ja) * | 1996-02-06 | 1997-08-15 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 加速度センサー |
| JP2000205862A (ja) * | 1999-01-15 | 2000-07-28 | Samsung Electro Mech Co Ltd | マイクロ慣性センサ―の製造方法及びマイクロ慣性センサ― |
| JP2000206141A (ja) * | 1999-01-20 | 2000-07-28 | Miyota Kk | 運動量センサ |
| JP2002243450A (ja) * | 2001-02-16 | 2002-08-28 | Victor Co Of Japan Ltd | 角速度センサ、加速度センサ及び角速度/加速度兼用センサ |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102507980A (zh) * | 2011-11-02 | 2012-06-20 | 重庆理工大学 | 一种基于自谐振技术的硅微二维加速度传感器 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US7587941B2 (en) | 2009-09-15 |
| EP1691202A1 (en) | 2006-08-16 |
| US20080223132A1 (en) | 2008-09-18 |
| JP2005249446A (ja) | 2005-09-15 |
| CN1926434A (zh) | 2007-03-07 |
| EP1691202A4 (en) | 2010-05-05 |
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