WO2005109677A1 - Systeme d'antenne intelligente et procede associe de formation d'un faisceau propre de liaison descendante ofdm/tdd - Google Patents

Systeme d'antenne intelligente et procede associe de formation d'un faisceau propre de liaison descendante ofdm/tdd Download PDF

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WO2005109677A1
WO2005109677A1 PCT/KR2004/002741 KR2004002741W WO2005109677A1 WO 2005109677 A1 WO2005109677 A1 WO 2005109677A1 KR 2004002741 W KR2004002741 W KR 2004002741W WO 2005109677 A1 WO2005109677 A1 WO 2005109677A1
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Prior art keywords
spatial covariance
base station
outputting
receiving
signals
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PCT/KR2004/002741
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English (en)
Inventor
Seong-Rag Kim
In-Kyeong Choi
Dong-Seung Kwon
Seung-Ku Hwang
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Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute ETRI
Samsung Electronics Co Ltd
SK Telecom Co Ltd
KT Corp
KTFreetel Co Ltd
SK Broadband Co Ltd
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Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute ETRI
Samsung Electronics Co Ltd
SK Telecom Co Ltd
KT Corp
KTFreetel Co Ltd
Hanaro Telecom Inc
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Publication of WO2005109677A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005109677A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S8/00—Lighting devices intended for fixed installation
    • F21S8/08—Lighting devices intended for fixed installation with a standard
    • F21S8/085—Lighting devices intended for fixed installation with a standard of high-built type, e.g. street light
    • F21S8/086—Lighting devices intended for fixed installation with a standard of high-built type, e.g. street light with lighting device attached sideways of the standard, e.g. for roads and highways
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S11/00—Non-electric lighting devices or systems using daylight
    • F21S11/002—Non-electric lighting devices or systems using daylight characterised by the means for collecting or concentrating the sunlight, e.g. parabolic reflectors or Fresnel lenses
    • F21S11/005—Non-electric lighting devices or systems using daylight characterised by the means for collecting or concentrating the sunlight, e.g. parabolic reflectors or Fresnel lenses with tracking means for following the position of the sun
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S9/00—Lighting devices with a built-in power supply; Systems employing lighting devices with a built-in power supply
    • F21S9/02—Lighting devices with a built-in power supply; Systems employing lighting devices with a built-in power supply the power supply being a battery or accumulator
    • F21S9/03—Lighting devices with a built-in power supply; Systems employing lighting devices with a built-in power supply the power supply being a battery or accumulator rechargeable by exposure to light
    • F21S9/035—Lighting devices with a built-in power supply; Systems employing lighting devices with a built-in power supply the power supply being a battery or accumulator rechargeable by exposure to light the solar unit being integrated within the support for the lighting unit, e.g. within or on a pole
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0404—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas the mobile station comprising multiple antennas, e.g. to provide uplink diversity
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
    • H04B7/0837—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using pre-detection combining
    • H04B7/0842—Weighted combining
    • H04B7/086—Weighted combining using weights depending on external parameters, e.g. direction of arrival [DOA], predetermined weights or beamforming
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/14—Two-way operation using the same type of signal, i.e. duplex
    • H04L5/1469—Two-way operation using the same type of signal, i.e. duplex using time-sharing
    • H04L5/1484—Two-way operation using the same type of signal, i.e. duplex using time-sharing operating bytewise
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21W—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO USES OR APPLICATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
    • F21W2131/00—Use or application of lighting devices or systems not provided for in codes F21W2102/00-F21W2121/00
    • F21W2131/10—Outdoor lighting
    • F21W2131/103—Outdoor lighting of streets or roads
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0619—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal using feedback from receiving side
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H04L25/0202—Channel estimation
    • H04L25/0224—Channel estimation using sounding signals
    • H04L25/0228—Channel estimation using sounding signals with direct estimation from sounding signals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H04L25/0202—Channel estimation
    • H04L25/024—Channel estimation channel estimation algorithms
    • H04L25/0242—Channel estimation channel estimation algorithms using matrix methods
    • H04L25/0248—Eigen-space methods
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
    • H04L27/2647—Arrangements specific to the receiver only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/02—Channels characterised by the type of signal
    • H04L5/023—Multiplexing of multicarrier modulation signals, e.g. multi-user orthogonal frequency division multiple access [OFDMA]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B20/00—Energy efficient lighting technologies, e.g. halogen lamps or gas discharge lamps
    • Y02B20/72—Energy efficient lighting technologies, e.g. halogen lamps or gas discharge lamps in street lighting
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/47—Mountings or tracking

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a smart antenna system and method thereof for forming downlink eigenbeams of OFDM/TDD. More specifically, the present invention relates to a smart antenna system and method thereof for forming OFDM/ TDD-based downlink eigenbeams in an OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplex) system in which all subcarriers have spatial covariance and a TDD (time division duplex) system in which the subcarriers have reciprocity.
  • OFDM orthogonal frequency division multiplex
  • TDD time division duplex
  • the next generation mobile communication system transmits and receives currently serviced speech signals, video, and other types of data with a high reliability. Also, as various services are provided, the bandwidths of transmitted and received data will be wider, and demands of the mobile communication networks will be increased further.
  • the most important technical aim of the next generation mobile communication systems is to propose techniques for transmitting furthermore amounts of data with reliabilities by using as narrow bandwidths as possible.
  • the smart antenna technique allows a base station to establish an optimized beam to a mobile station subscriber, thereby reducing radio interference, increasing communication capacity, and improving communication quality.
  • a smart antenna system installed in a base station adaptively processes respective speeds of 1) a fixed target such as an office, 2) a target which moves at low speed such as a person or a satellite, and 3) a target which moves at light speed such as a car or a train, and consecutively provides optimized beam patterns to thus provide maximum gains in the target directions, and provides relatively very much fewer gains in other directions to thus suppress the interference. That is, the above-noted smart antenna system increases capacity of the mobile communication system and improves communication reliability.
  • the smart antenna skill is a new technique applicable to the W-CDMA and CDMA2000 which are next generation communication methods for transmitting a huge volume of data with reliability.
  • a conventional blind beam forming technique is a method for measuring an uplink channel and adaptively forming a downlink beam assuming that radio environments and spatial statistical properties of the uplink and the downlink are similar with each other.
  • the blind beam forming technique requires no feedback information since it uses the channels' reciprocity, but loses a diversity gain since a beam forming vector does not follow changes of the temporal channel.
  • Temporal channel information of the downlink must be fed back in order to obtain the spatial diversity gain, and since the amount of feedback information is increased as the mrmber of transmit antennas is increased, and since the feedback rate is increased in order to track the changes of the temporal channel, it is very difficult to apply the above-described beam forming technique to the case in which a large mrmber of transmit antennas are provided or a moving body moves fast. Many techniques for alleviating the above-noted problems have recently been proposed.
  • the above-described Korea Application consecutively tracks an optimized weight vector for a predetermined time frame, that is, detects a state of an initial downlink channel to find a weight vector, and finds a further accurate weight vector by using the found weight vector when detecting a state of a subsequent downlink channel, and hence, it applies variable weights to the respective antennas used for the transmit antenna diversity according to the channel states, and calculates the current weight by using the previous weight to thus perform adaptive weight calculation.
  • a base station proposed by the Korea Application ISb. 2000-11617 comprises a reverse processor for processing reverse signals received through an antenna array; a forward fading information extractor for extracting forward fading information from the received reverse signals; a beam forming controller for generating weight vectors for forming transmission beams by using the forward fading information and the received reverse signals; and a forward processor for forming a transmission message from the transmission beam according to the weight vector, and outputting the transmission message to the antenna array.
  • a mobile station comprises a forward processor for receiving forward signals and processing the same; a forward fading estimator for estimating forward fading information for each path of the received forward signals; a forward fading encoder for combining the estimated forward fading information for each path to encode the same; and a reverse processor for multiplexing the encoded forward fading information together with the transmission message, and feeding them back to the base station.
  • the invention of the Korea Application ISb. 2000- 11617 uses a nixed forward beam forming method for selecting from among a default (predictive) beam forming method and a blind forward beam forming method according to the moving speed of the mobile station when a feedback delay time is less or greater in a mobile communication system with multiple paths, and hence, the invention enables receiving the forward fading information from the mobile station and form a further reliable transmission beam to thereby increase capacity and save transmission power of the mobile station.
  • the transaction disclosed a temporal and spatial transmitter and receiver in the CDMA system with adaptive antennas applied to a base station according to eigenbeam forming concepts which reduces processing dimensions and finds a mean of a spatial covariance matrix in the downlink by using the long-term channel property, or obtains decorrelated diversity branches in the spatial and temporal manner by separating the spatial covariance matrix of a similar temporal tap in the uplink.
  • the US Application removes the problems of the long-term eigenbeam formation and the short-term optimal combination which are properties of a rake receiver to thereby reduce calculation complexity, increases no feedback for short-term processing since an eigenrake is adaptive to various radio environments when the mrmber of antennas is increased, and obtains diversity gains and an interference alleviating effect by concurrently using the long-term and short-term properties of the channel.
  • the spatial channel property includes a long-term channel property and a short-term channel property.
  • the long-term channel property represents a spatial channel property which are varied in the long-term manner according to correlation of between antenna elements, buildings and mountains, and locations of mobile stations
  • the short-term channel property represents a spatial channel property which are quickly varied in the short manner depending on the Rayleigh fading.
  • L is a mrmber of transmit antennas.
  • R is given in Math Figure 2.
  • ⁇ diag( ⁇ ⁇ 2 , - " 9 L ) is a diagonal matrix with eigenvalues of as elements, and where v is an eigenvector corresponding to ⁇ .
  • eigenvectors which correspond to N large eigenvalues from among L eigen values are defined to be eigenbeams or eigenmodes. The eigenbeam for maximizing a receive power
  • the of the mobile station is selected from among the eigenbeams.
  • the eigenbeams are transmitted per bit for each frame to the base station from the mobile station according to the feedback speed of 1,500bps through the DPCCH (dedicated physical control channel), and when two eigenmodes are provided, it is determined to select one of the two eigenmodes for each slot, and a corresponding result is transmitted to the base station from the mobile station.
  • DPCCH dedicated physical control channel
  • a base station transmitter and receiver of a smart antenna system for forming downlink eigenbeams of the OFDM/TDD comprises: multiple antennas for transmitting OFDM symbols to a mobile station receiver, and receiving OFDM symbols from the mobile station receiver; a base station receiver for performing FFT on the OFDM symbols which are received by a predetermined mrmber through the multiple antennas, outputting FFT-performed symbols as parallel signals, estimating a channel from the parallel signals, detecting symbols from the parallel signals and converting the detected symbols into serial signals by using channel estimation results, and outputting decoded signals; and a base station transmitter for converting channel-coded symbols which are input in series into a predetermined mrmber of parallel signals, generating respective beam weights from the channels of the respective pilot tones of the subcarriers according to the channel estimation results executed by the base station receiver, generating respective OFDM symbols with formed eigenbeams, and outputting them.
  • the base station transmitter comprises: a S/P (serial parallel) converter for converting the channel-coded symbols which are input in series into a predetermined mrmber of parallel signals; a signal repeater for repeating the parallel signals by the mrmber of the multiple antennas; a beam weight generator for generating an eigenbeam weight from per-pilot channel of each subcarrier according to a channel estimation result; a beam weight multiplier for respectively multiplying the beam weight generated by the beam weight generator by the output of the signal repeater, and outputting results; and a plurality of IFFT units for receiving the predetermined mrmber of parallel signals, generating one OFDM symbol, and outputting the OFDM symbol.
  • S/P serial parallel
  • the beam weight generator comprises: a per-pilot spatial covariance matrix generator for receiving per-pilot channel matrices according to the channel estimation result, and generating per-pilot spatial covariance matrices of the respective subcarriers; a per-subcarrier spatial covariance matrix generator for using a predetermined mrmber of pilot tones provided in a subcarrier, receiving the per-pilot spatial covariance matrices, and generating respective per-subcarrier spatial covariance matrices; a short-term spatial covariance matrix generator for using a property that uplink subcarriers have the same spatial covariance matrix, receiving the respective per-subcarrier spatial covariance matrices, and generating short-term spatial covariance matrices; a long-term spatial covariance matrix generator for receiving the short-term spatial covariance matrices, and outputting long-term spatial covariance matrices; an inter-subcarrier spatial covariance matrix interpolator for receiving the uplink per-subcarriers
  • the eigenbeam of the eigen divider is defined to be an eugenvector which corresponds to the largest eigenvalue from among a predetermined mrmber of eigenvectors, and is divided by the eigenbeam which maximizes the receiving power of the mobile station from among a plurality of eigenbeams.
  • the base station receiver comprises: a plurality of FFT units for receiving the respective OFDM symbols through the multiple antennas, performing FFT on the OFDM symbols by the mrmber of multiple antennas, and outputting parallel signals; a channel estimator for estimating channels from the parallel signals; a signal detector for using results of the channel estimator, detecting symbols from the parallel signals, and outputting a predetermined mrmber of detected parallel signals; a P/S (parallel serial) converter for converting the detected parallel signals into serial signals; and a channel decoder for decoding the serial signals, and outputting decoded signals.
  • a plurality of FFT units for receiving the respective OFDM symbols through the multiple antennas, performing FFT on the OFDM symbols by the mrmber of multiple antennas, and outputting parallel signals
  • a channel estimator for estimating channels from the parallel signals
  • a signal detector for using results of the channel estimator, detecting symbols from the parallel signals, and outputting a predetermined mrmber of detected parallel signals
  • the channel estimator outputs channel matrices of the respective pilot tones for the respective subcarriers in order to calculate beam weight weights.
  • a mobile station transmitter and receiver of a smart antenna system for forming downlink eigenbeams of the OFDM/TDD comprises: multiple antennas for receiving respective OFDM symbols from a base station transmitter, and transmitting OFDM symbols to a base station receiver; a mobile station receiver for receiving the OFDM symbols with formed respective eigenbeams from the base station transmitter, performing FFT on them, outputting FFT-performed OFDM symbols as parallel signals, detecting symbols from the parallel signals, converting the detected symbols into serial signals, and outputting decoded signals; and a mobile station transmitter for converting channel-coded symbols which are input in series into a predetermined nu ⁇ i>er of parallel signals, repeating N parallel signals by the nurrber of the multiple antennas to which the N parallel signals are input, generating respective OFDM symbols, and outputting the OFDM symbols, the N parallel signals being obtained by multiplexing user signals.
  • the mobile station receiver comprises: a plurality of FFT units for receiving the OFDM symbols through the multiple antennas, performing FFT on them by the nu ⁇ i>er of multiple antennas, and outputting FFT-performed sy ⁇ i>ols as parallel signals; a signal detector for detecting symbols from the parallel signals, and outputting a predetermined nurrber of detected parallel signals; a P/S converter for converting the detected parallel signals into serial signals, and outputting the serial signals; and a channel decoder for decoding the serial signals, and outputting the serial signals.
  • the channel decoder conects random enors when the interval of uplink subcarriers exceeds a channel bandwidth to allow inaccurate interpolation or when the moving speed of the mobile station is fast that an inaccurate optimized eigenbeam is selected.
  • the mobile station transmitter comprises: N S/P converters for converting channel- coded symbols which are input in series into a predetermined nurrber of parallel signals, N conesponding to the nu ⁇ i>er of base station antennas; a signal repeater for repeating N parallel signals by the nurrber of the base station antennas when user signals are multiplexed to be input as the N parallel signals; and a plurality of IFFT units for receiving the N parallel signals, and generating an OFDM symbol.
  • a base station transmitting and receiving method of a smart antenna system for forming downlink eigenbeams of the OFDM/TDD comprises: (a) receiving respective OFDM symbols from a mobile station transmitter through an uplink; (b) performing FFT on the received OFDM symbols, outputting FFT-performed OFDM symbols as parallel signals, and estimating channels from the parallel signals; (c) converting channel-coded sy ⁇ i>ols which are input in series into a predetermined nu ⁇ i>er of parallel signals; (d) generating respective beam weights from the channels of the respective pilot tones of the respective subcarriers according to a channel estimation result; and (e) forming eigenbeams according to the respective beam weights, generating respective OFDM symbols, and transmitting the OFDM symbols to the mobile station receiver through the uplink.
  • the step (b) comprises: (i) receiving per-pilot channel matrices according to the channel estimation result, and generating per-pilot spatial covariance matrices of respective subcarriers; (ii) using a predetermined nu ⁇ i>er of pilot tones provided on a subcarrier, receiving the per-pilot spatial covariance matrices, and generating respective per-subcarrier spatial covariance matrices; (hi) using a property that a predetermined nu ⁇ i>er of uplink subcarriers have the same spatial covariance matrix, receiving the respective per-subcarrier spatial covariance matrices, and generating short-term spatial covariance matrices; (iv) receiving the short-term spatial covariance matrices and outputting long-term spatial covariance matrices; (v) receiving uplink per-subcarrier spatial covariance matrices obtained through the uplink, and outputting a predetermined nurrber of downlink per-subcarrier spatial covariance matrices
  • the step (ii) comprises: using Nc pilot tones provided on a subcarrier and finding the spatial covariance matrix of the subcarrier c defined by the equation of
  • the step (iii) comprises: finding the short-term spatial covariance matrix R by ST using the equation of
  • the step (vii) comprises outputting the respective per-subcarrier beam weights by using the equation of
  • W is the k downlink subcarrier.
  • a mobile station transmitting and receiving method of a smart antenna system for forming downlink eigenbeams of the OFDM/TDD comprises: (a) receiving respective OFDM symbols with eigenbeams transmitted from a base station transmitter; (b) performing FFT on the OFDM symbols, and outputting them as parallel signals; (c) detecting symbols from the parallel signals, converting th symbols into serial signals, and outputting decoded signals; (d) converting channel-coded symbols which are input in series into a predetermined nu ⁇ i>er of parallel signals; (e) repeating N parallel signals by the nu ⁇ i>er of mobile station antennas to which the N parallel signals are input, and generating respective OFDM symbols, the N parallel signals being obtained by multiplexing user signals; and (f) respectively transmitting the OFDM symbols to a base station receiver.
  • the step (c) further comprises: conecting random enors when the interval of uplink subcarriers exceeds a channel bandwidth to allow inaccurate interpolation or when the moving speed of the mobile station is so fast that an inaccurate optimized eigenbeam is selected.
  • the complexity of the communication system is reduced by using the characteristic that the subcarriers of the OFDM/TDD system have the same spatial covariance and the TDD system has channel reciprocity, the spatial covariance matrix for forming the eigenbeams is obtained without feedback by using pilot tones of subcarriers of the uplink allocated for one user, temporal spatial covariance of the downlink is obtained by using interpolation of the temporal spatial covariance of the uplink subcarrier, and most enors which are randomly generated because of inaccurate selection of the optimized eigenbeam are restored by a channel decoder provided at the latter part of a receiver.
  • FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a mobile station of an OFDM/TDD-based smart antenna system according to a prefened e ⁇ i>odiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of a base station of an OFDM/TDD-based smart antenna system according to a prefened e ⁇ i>odiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 shows a block diagram of a beam weight generator of a base station in an OFDM/TDD-based smart antenna system according to a prefened errbodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 shows a block diagram of a beam weight multiplier of a base station in an OFDM/TDD-based smart antenna system according to a prefened errbodiment of the present invention. Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention
  • L base station antennas and M mobile station antennas will be considered in the OFDM/TDD system according to the prefened e ⁇ i>odiment of the present invention.
  • a downlink subcarrier group allocated to one user and an uplink subcarrier group allocated thereto are different in the OFDM (or OFDMA) system.
  • K downlink subcarriers are allocated to the user
  • the K subcarriers are provided with constant intervals therebetween in order to use frequency diversity, and are not consecutive.
  • the subcarrier with a subcarrier index of k represents the k subcarrier from among the K subcarriers allocated to the user.
  • C uplink subcarriers are allocated to the user, and are not consecutive in a like manner of the downlink case.
  • the subcarrier with a subcarrier index of c represents the c subcarrier from among the C subcarriers allocated to the user.
  • (t) is an (Lxl) beam forming vector with respect to the k subcarrier, it is k defined such that
  • D( diag ⁇ s l (0, s 2 (t), ,s ⁇ (t) ⁇ , and s (t) is an OFDM symbol transmitted to the k subcarrier.
  • N(t) is an (MxL) noise matrix.
  • H k is defined in Math Figure 10.
  • the spatial covariance matrix R H is not a function of the random subcarrier k.
  • each subcarrier of the OFDM system undergoes different frequency selective fading, each subcarrier has a different channel property, but the spatial covariance matrix is the same for the subcarriers.
  • the spatial covariance matrix is the same for the subcarriers, an accurate estimate is found by averaging the subcarriers.
  • a frequency-domain channel response of between the m mobile station antenna of the c subcarrier and the 1 base station antenna is defined to be h r ⁇ c,m ⁇ which conesponds to the frequency-domain channel response of between the 1 downlink base station antenna and the m mobile station antenna because of the channel reciprocity of the TDD system as described above.
  • the downlink MLMO channel matrix defined in Math Figure 12 is found by using the n pilot tone of the c c subcarrier in the uplink.
  • R H ( n c ) is the temporal spatial covariance matrix obtained from the n pilot tone of the c c subcarrier, and defined in Math Figure 13.
  • the spatial covariance matrix of the c subcarrier is found below by using Nc pilot tones provided at one subcarrier.
  • ⁇ diag( ⁇ l , ⁇ 2 , —, ⁇ L ) is a diagonal matrix having the eigenvalues of as elements, and it is given that where V is an eigenvector conesponding to ⁇ .
  • the L eigenvectors can be defined with the eigenmodes since no feedback is provided differing from the above- described 3GPP.
  • R fl t is found by interpolation of obtained by using the uplink in consideration of the coherent property between the subcarriers. For example, when it is assumed that the downlink subcarrier k is the j subcarrier, the nearest uplink subcarrier c before the downlink subcarrier k is the after (j-d ) subcarrier, and the nearest uplink subcarrier c after the downlink subcarrier k 1 after is the (j+d ) subcarrier, R H is found by interpolation of R H j ⁇ d ⁇ and R H j+ d 2
  • the optimized downlink beams found from the uplink frame are applicable to the downlink of the subsequent frame of (i+1).
  • Wrong eigenbeams may be selected when the gap of uplink subcarriers is greater than a coherent bandwidth, or when the moving speed of the mobile station is fast. Enors caused by selecting the wrong eigenbeam have randomness, and they are conected by a channel decoder.
  • FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a mobile station of an OFDM/TDD-based smart antenna system according to a prefened e ⁇ i>odiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of a base station of an OFDM/TDD-based smart antenna system according to a prefened e ⁇ i>odiment of the present invention.
  • the mobile station of the OFDM/TDD-based smart antenna system includes M antennas 143-1 to 14 -M, the base station includes L antennas 250-1 to 250-L, and the mobile station and the base station include a transmitter and a receiver respectively.
  • the transmitter of the mobile station comprises an S/P (serial to parallel) converter 11Q a signal repeater 12Q and M IFFT (inverse fast Fourier transform) units 130-1 to 130-M (where M conesponds to the nu ⁇ i>er of transmit antennas).
  • the receiver of the mobile station comprises M FFT (fast Fourier transform) units 160-1 to 160-M (where M conesponds to the nu ⁇ i>er of receive antennas), a signal detector 17Q a P/S (parallel to serial) converter 18Q and a channel decoder 190.
  • the antennas 143-1 to 143-M of the mobile station are accessed through respective switches 150-1 to 150-M to the transmitter of the mobile station in the case of downlink communication, and to the receiver of the mobile station in the case of uplink communication.
  • the transmitter of the base station comprises an S/P converter 21Q a signal repeater 22Q a beam weight multiplier 23Q and L IFFT units 243-1 to 243-L (L conesponds to the nu ⁇ i>er of antennas), and the receiver thereof comprises L FFT units 270-1 to 270-L (L conesponds to the nu ⁇ i>er of base station antennas), a channel estimator 29Q a signal detector 28Q a P/S converter 32Q and a channel decoder 330.
  • the antennas 250-1 to 250-L of the base station are accessed through respective antenna switches 260-1 to 260-L to the receiver of the base station in the case of downlink communication, and to the transmitter of the base station in the case of uplink communication.
  • the S/P converter 110 of the transmitter of the mobile station converts channel-coded symbols into C parallel signals.
  • the signal repeater 120 repeats C parallel signals by the nurrber M of antennas of the mobile station.
  • the respective IFFT units 130-1 to 130-M receive the C parallel signals to generate an OFDM symbol.
  • OFDM symbols 121-1 to 121 -M output by the signal repeater 120 are passed through the respective IFFT units 130-1 to 130-M and transmitted through the antennas 143-1 to 143-M of the mobile station.
  • the OFDM syrrbols 121-1 to 121-M are received through the L mobile station antennas 250-1 to 250-L shown in FIG.
  • the L FFT units 270-1 to 270-L output parallel signals 271-1 to 271-M.
  • the FFT-performed signals are input to the channel estimator 290 and the signal detector 28Q and the signal detector 280 uses results of the channel estimator 290 to output C detected signals.
  • the P/S converter 320 processes the detected signals to output serial signals, and the channel decoder 330 processes the serial signals and outputs decoded data.
  • the channel estimator 290 outputs a channel matrix for each pilot tone of the subcarrier in order to calculate a beam forming weight. For example, the channel estimator 290 finds a spatial covariance matrix for each pilot tone of the n subcarrier c of the c subcarrier. th
  • FIG. 3 shows a block diagram of a beam weight generator 310 of a base station in an OFDM/TDD-based smart antenna system according to a prefened e ⁇ i>odiment of the present invention.
  • the beam weight generator 310 comprises a per-pilot spatial covariance matrix generator 311, a per-subcarrier spatial covariance matrix generator 312, a short-term spatial covariance matrix generator 313, a long-term spatial covariance matrix generator 314, an eigen divider 315, an inter-subcarrier spatial covariance interpolator 316, and a beam weight selector 317.
  • the beam weight generator 310 finds the per-pilot spatial covariance matrix of each subcarrier given in Math Figure 13 from the per-pilot channel matrix of each subcarrier through the per-pilot spatial covariance matrix generator 311.
  • the per-pilot spatial covariance matrix of each subcarrier is input to the inter- subcarrier spatial covariance matrix interpolator 316, and a per-subcarrier temporal spatial covariance matrix is output by using Math Figure 14.
  • per-subcarrier spatial covariance matrix generates a short-term spatial covariance matrix according to Math Figure 15 through the short-term spatial covariance matrix generator 313, and outputs a long-term spatial covariance matrix according to Math Figure 16 through the long-term spatial covariance matrix generator 314.
  • the eigen divider 315 receives the long-term spatial covariance matrix, and outputs L eigenbeams according to Math Figure 17.
  • the subcarriers used for the downlink are different from the subcarriers used for the uplink in the general OFDM system. Therefore, the uplink per- subcarrier spatial covariance matrix
  • R ft garden obtained by using the uplink according to the frequency coherent property between the subcarriers is input to the inter-subcarrier spatial covariance matrix interpolator 316, and K downlink per-subcarrier spatial covariance matrices
  • R H are input to the beam weight selector 317, and beam weights
  • the S/P converter 210 of the base station transmitter converts the channel-coded symbols which are input in series into K parallel signals
  • the signal repeater 220 repeats the K parallel signals by the nu ⁇ i>er L of mobile station antennas
  • the beam weight multiplier 230 multiplies beam weights by the outputs of the signal repeater.
  • FIG. 4 shows a block diagram of the beam weight multiplier of a base station in the OFDM/TDD-based smart antenna system according to the prefened errbodiment of the present invention.
  • the respective IFFT converters 243-1 to 243-L receive K signals and generates one OFDM symbol, and OFDM symbols are transmitted through the base station antennas 250-1 to 250-L.
  • the transmitted OFDM symbols are received through the M base station antennas 143-1 to 143-M, and the respective M FFT units 160-1 to 160M output the parallel signals 161-1 to 161-M.
  • the FFT-performed signals are input to the signal detector 17Q the detected signals are converted into serial signals by the P/S converter 18Q and the serial signals are output to be final result signals by the channel decoder 190.
  • the optimized downlink beam found in the i uplink frame is applicable to the downlink of the subsequent (i+1) frame.
  • Enors may occur because of wrong selection of the eigenbeams when the interval of the uplink subcarriers is greater than the coherent bandwidth or the moving speed of the mobile station is fast.
  • the enors may have randomness, and most of the enors are conected by the channel decoder 190.
  • the present invention complexity of the communication systems are reduced by using the property that the subcarriers of the OFDM/TDD system have the same spatial covariance and the TDD system has channel reciprocity.
  • the spatial covariance matrix for forming eigenbeams is directly obtained without feedback by using the pilot tones of the uplink subcarriers allocated to one user.
  • the downlink temporal spatial covariance is obtained by using interpolation of the temporal spatial covariance of the uplink subcarriers.
  • most enors which are randomly generated because inaccurate selection of the optimized eigenbeam are conected by the channel decoder provided at the latter part of the receiver. [155]

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de transmission et de réception pour station de base, ainsi qu'un émetteur et un récepteur d'une station de base correspondante d'un système d'antenne intelligente permettant de former des faisceaux propres de liaison descendante OFDM/TDD (multiplexage par répartition en fréquence orthogonale/duplexage par répartition temporelle). Selon cette invention, des symboles OFDM sont reçus par le biais d'une liaison montante via plusieurs antennes (205) et une transformée de Fourier rapide (TFR) est réalisée au niveau des symboles OFDM reçus par les unités TFR (270). Au moyen d'un estimateur de canal (290), les canaux sont estimés et un générateur de poids de faisceau (310) permet d'engendrer des poids de faisceau respectifs à partir des canaux des tonalités pilotes respectives des sous-porteuses correspondantes, en fonction du résultat d'estimation de canal. Un multiplicateur de poids de faisceau (230) permet de former la liaison descendante par multiplication des poids de faisceau respectifs avec la sortie du répéteur de signal (220) et les unités de transformée inverse de Fourier (IFFT) (240) servent à engendrer des symboles OFDM respectifs qui sont transmis via plusieurs antennes (250) par l'intermédiaire d'une liaison descendante.
PCT/KR2004/002741 2004-05-06 2004-10-28 Systeme d'antenne intelligente et procede associe de formation d'un faisceau propre de liaison descendante ofdm/tdd Ceased WO2005109677A1 (fr)

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EP2234287A4 (fr) * 2007-12-28 2012-07-25 Huawei Tech Co Ltd Procédé, dispositif et système de formation de faisceaux par duplexage à répartition dans le temps à entrées multiples et sorties multiples
US8264982B2 (en) 2007-12-28 2012-09-11 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Method, apparatus and system for forming time division duplex multi-input multi-output downlink beams
US8489039B2 (en) 2007-10-10 2013-07-16 Cisco Technology, Inc. Beamformed multi-input multiple-output communication with uplink transmission rotation
EP2466761A4 (fr) * 2010-01-27 2015-05-27 Zte Corp Procédé et dispositif de transmission de données à entrées multiples et sorties multiples et à formation de faisceau
WO2019201422A1 (fr) * 2018-04-16 2019-10-24 Nokia Solutions And Networks Oy Procédé et dispositif de formation de faisceau à long terme

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WO2009020903A3 (fr) * 2007-08-07 2009-04-16 Cisco Tech Inc Estimation de pondération d'une formation de faisceau mimo généralisée
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EP2234287A4 (fr) * 2007-12-28 2012-07-25 Huawei Tech Co Ltd Procédé, dispositif et système de formation de faisceaux par duplexage à répartition dans le temps à entrées multiples et sorties multiples
US8264982B2 (en) 2007-12-28 2012-09-11 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Method, apparatus and system for forming time division duplex multi-input multi-output downlink beams
US8355351B2 (en) 2007-12-28 2013-01-15 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Method, apparatus and system for forming time division duplex multi-input multi-output downlink beams
EP2466761A4 (fr) * 2010-01-27 2015-05-27 Zte Corp Procédé et dispositif de transmission de données à entrées multiples et sorties multiples et à formation de faisceau
WO2019201422A1 (fr) * 2018-04-16 2019-10-24 Nokia Solutions And Networks Oy Procédé et dispositif de formation de faisceau à long terme
CN112020832A (zh) * 2018-04-16 2020-12-01 诺基亚通信公司 用于长期波束成形的方法和设备
CN112020832B (zh) * 2018-04-16 2022-08-16 诺基亚通信公司 用于长期波束成形的方法和设备

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