WO2006024469A2 - Portioning device and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The food-product sector requires that portions always have the same weight, wherein only one weight tolerance of ± 3% is authorised if possible. The aim of said invention is to provide a method and device which respect said maximum deviation even for fresh meat with bones, despite a high processing speed and a low probability of breakdown. The inventive method makes it possible to cut off weight-accurate slices of a cutable product (3) having a limited form-stability but comprising a form-stability constituents and consists, in monitoring and/or controlling physical ratios during or just prior to cutting. The inventive device for cutting-off weight-accurate slices of the cutable product (3) comprises mainly a shaping tube (101) provided with a shaping channel (103) whose inner contour makes it possible to receive the cutable product (3) of different cross-sectional dimensions containing bones (K) of different cross-sectional dimensions, wherein said channel has, in particular, an elongated cross-section with very rounded corners.

Description

 Device and method for portioning

I. Field of application

The invention relates to a device and a method for weight-accurate portioning.

IL technical background

Wholesalers and large consumers in the food industry, in particular large kitchens, catering services, restaurant chains and the like, wish that, above all, the expensive foods such as fish and meat, that the slices provided for this purpose or portions comprising several slices always have the same weight, possibly only a weight tolerance of ± 3% is allowed, z. For example, for fresh meat for sale in Selbstbedie¬ tion retail with 500 g target weight.

The separation of a disc (bone-free) with a certain predetermined target weight from a large muscle strand of fish or meat, which on the one hand has an inhomogeneous consistency and on the other hand a different shape and size, prepares, above all, in an automated manner Operation in which the generation of eg 200 slices per minute is required, significant problems.

Are known for this purpose Portioniervorrichtungen and corresponding methods in which it is assumed that matching volumes of the same piece of meat or fish piece also have approximately the same weight. Based on this, a portioning chamber with predetermined dimensions and volumes is completely filled with the material to be cut, which is at least dimensionally deformable, and then, by means of a separating cut, directly on the open side of the blind-shaped portioning chamber, a slice of Cutting material separated.

To automate this process, the strand-like material to be cut is inserted into a front open mold tube which has a constant cross-section in the longitudinal direction and is compressed by pushing the ram forward so that it becomes a shorter strand with the same length Cross section corresponding to the cross section of the forming tube is formed.

From this forming tube, the strand of material to be cut is displaced out of the front end into the usually immediately adjoining portioning chamber, a slice is cut off by means of the press ram, and so forth.

There are still a number of problems that prevent or complicate a completely exact compliance with the actual weight, but which is sought by the meat and fish processors to mini¬ mieren their use of goods and to secure the profit margins.

The problems are again differently stored, if it concerns a Schneidgut from bones and it meat, for example a chop strand, is:

Such chops strands are currently being broken down by placing the chop strand with its V-shaped bone in an open chute and separating slices at the end of the chute. B. chopped off by means of a knife, are.

In this case, the blade, which is generally beveled obliquely, displaces the strand in the longitudinal direction when it penetrates into the material to be cut, in particular the hard bone, so that the discs often do not have the exact desired nominal thickness D. In addition, compliance with the target weight is made more difficult by the fact that in this method the meat strand is not pre-compressed in the transverse direction and has no defined circumferential contour, so that there is no exact relation between the thickness D and the weight of the disc. However, a pre-compression to obtain a strand with the same cross section over the longitudinal extent has not yet been realized because of the dimensional stability and non-compressibility of the bone in the transverse direction, especially since the bones have un¬ different shape and size depending on the size of the animal.

Another problem is the separation process:

The separation by means of a stable knife carries the risk of misalignment of the cutting material in the longitudinal direction in itself. Cutting through the bone by means of a serrated saw, for example a circular saw or band saw, firstly causes contamination of the slices obtained by bone meal, which results in blessing, and secondly a relatively high weight loss, if by means of the saw also the severing of the adjacent muscle strand ¬ ges done.

However, the possible loss without loss of the muscle strand by means of a sharpened blade would require two separate, independent Trenn¬ procedures, which has not yet been done in automatic mode and in one and the same machine at predetermined longitudinal positions.

Because in addition, the disassembly speed in automated mass operation also plays a significant role in the severing of such a bone-containing meat strand.

The problems described using the example of a bone-containing meat strand can also occur in the case of a meat or fish other than meat or fish, which likewise consists of two different components, namely hard, shaped material on the one hand and softer, only partly or non-shapely material Material on the other hand. In the present application, however, only "bones" and "meat" are used as examples.

III. Presentation of the invention

a) Technical task

It is therefore the object of the invention to provide a method and a device which, despite the high process speed and a low susceptibility to interference, deviate from the nominal weight of the discs with bone component or slice portions with bone component Actual weight keeps as low as possible.

b) Solution of the task

This object is solved by the claims 1 and 27. Advantageous embodiments result from the subclaims.

By monitoring the physical conditions, in particular the pressure, in or near the part of the material to be cut off before tearing off the pane, it can be achieved that the assumed relation between the thickness of the slice to be separated and the target weight actually applies.

By pre-pressing at least the meat portion of the strand-like material to be cut, preferably first in the transverse direction and then in the longitudinal direction, a constant at least in terms of the outer contour of the material to be cut cross section of the strand is achieved, and thus - if one of only a moderate change in the outer contour and the cross-sectional area of the Bone proceeds over the length of the strand - a constant Quer¬ cut the vorverpresstest strand altogether. This ensures that equally thick slices are also about the same weight, but at least no too strong differences from one to the next same thick disc occur here.

If the pre-pressing over a defined period of particular 5 sec to 50 sec maintained, z. B. with 1, 0 to 6.0 bar, so a stable at least over a certain period of time deformation of the meat content is achieved, with the result that for the subsequent separation of slices to a lower pre-pressure of z. B. 0.2 bar can be transferred to 1, 0 bar, with the result that the pushing out of the strand from the forming tube to separate the disc does not necessarily have to be in the form of pushing in and picking up in a Portionierkammer, but also cantilevered or only by a counter punch frontally held front portions of the strand-cutting material slices of defined thickness can be cut off.

If one additionally scans the outer contour of the material to be cut - before or preferably after the pre-pressing - on the bone side, the actual cross-sectional area of the pre-compressed strand can be determined and thus the specifi cal weight of a length section of the strand can be determined.

In this case, however, the rear end face of the strand acted upon by the advancing press ram is preferably actively held on the press ram in order to prevent it from being lifted off the press ram. This lifting can happen ge by cutting the bone, which often occurs an introduction of force into the strand in the longitudinal direction, which would change the disc thickness undefined and unintentional.

In addition, of course, the press ram itself must be fixable in its position, that is, secure.

The holder of the strand on the ram, in particular its Stempelplat¬ te, frictionally, z. B. by sucking the meat content by means of Unter¬ pressure openings on the press plate of the ram, carried out, but preferably positively: By protruding from the counter punch in the face of the meat portion of the cutting material in the clamps or simple prongs, preferably not in the feed direction, but obliquely thereto, in particular directed with the free ends against the bone and / or engage in the bone, preferably also obliquely to Feed direction, the material to be cut can be held pel on Pressstem¬.

For separating separation tools are used, which are specifically designed for separating bone on the one hand and meat on the other hand, in particular even as two separate separating tools, in particular knives, be ausgebil¬ det.

Preferably, the two separating tools are formed together on a base body, ie on a knife z. B. areas with a gezahn¬ th Sägehalsschneide for cutting the bone present and a ungezahnte in the course direction, ground blade as a knife for Durchtren¬ NEN of the meat. Such a combination tool can have a crescent-shaped or round outer contour and can be driven to rotate or pivot. The arrangement of the two areas one behind the other along a rod-shaped or band-shaped main body is possible.

Above all, the tool for cutting through the bone, which is preferably only used after the meat portion has already been severed, is preferably cleaned in each case before renewed immersion in the bone in order to discharge the bone meal located therefrom out of the cutting gap, which is ins¬ particular additional openings in the knife or in the saw, insbeson dere additional openings such as holes in addition to the spaces behind the teeth, can be additionally promoted.

The cleaning is done with water, compressed air or mechanical means. Through the formation of the forming tube in two parts by cooperating Form¬ tube groove and in the opening transversely insertable side punches and at least two opposite strongly rounded corners on the one hand, a bone-containing meat strand, for example, a chop strand with unbalanced, V-shaped bone in Cross-section, inserted and its Fleisch¬ share be pressed so that in this case the entire strand have a cross section along the Längs¬ constant.

This is preferably achieved by inserting the V-shaped outer edge of the bone portion of the meat strand into the roughly parallelogram-shaped or elongated inner cross-section of the mold cavity of the mold tube so that it is close to the one rounded, in particular that corner with an inner angle of less than 90 °, there is applied in particular to the longer side of the parallelogram.

As a result of this positioning during insertion and the specific shape of the mold cavity, bread slices of varying width and height can be placed in one and the same variable mold cavity and, as desired, the meat component pressed.

In the following, the presence of the use of a portioning chamber into which the front end of the material to be sliced, and whose volume completely filled by the material to be cut predetermines the slice to be separated, is assumed, unless stated otherwise.

The complete filling of the portioning chamber is facilitated or assisted by air openings through which the vor¬ existing during insertion of the cut air from the Portionier chamber can emerge or a Unterdruckbe¬ aufschlagung the Portionier chamber can be done to the cut material in To suck in the portioning chamber or to keep it in place after the separation and before ejection of the slice from the portioning chamber. The existing for the portioning knife between the portioning chamber and the mold cavity slot is harmless, since it is sealed after forward sliding of the material to be cut from this.

The feed direction preferably runs from bottom to top, so that the portioning chamber is located above the front end of the forming tube or this upstream cutting tube, with the result that the sackhole-shaped portioning chamber is open at the bottom.

As a result, it is very easy to eject the separated slice from the portioning chamber by storing the portioning chamber, ie the corresponding portioning plate, out of the feed path only in the transverse direction, in order then to move without further movement Similarly, the Portio¬ nier plate eject the disc from the portioning chamber down and drop onto a transport device.

In this case, the actual weight of the disc can be determined during or before the drop by a portioning scale, which, for example,. Part of the transport device is and measures the weight of the disc when recording on the transport device or may be part of the Portioniermoduls.

Such a portioning scale can serve either to prove to the customer the maximum weight deviation for the individual slices or a multi-slice portion, but more importantly, it can also be used to process the same piece of sliced product during processing to optimize the weight of the subsequently produced disc as a function of the determined actual weight of the preceding discs.

However, this is only possible if, for this purpose, the physical conditions in or close to the part of the material to be separated can be changed during processing, for example the pressure prevailing in the region of the compartmentalizing chamber, especially in the cutting material there, for example by changing the pressing force of the press ram, but above all by Ver¬ change the volume of the portioning chamber and thus the disc to be produced:

For example, for this purpose, the bottom of the portioning chamber is movable in the feed direction as a counterpunch, which closes off the portioning chamber, is movable and controllable, over a distance which corresponds to a multiple of the nominal thickness of a pane.

The latter makes possible the additional advantage of being able to successively separate several slices without having to immediately remove them from the portioning chamber. So it is the already separated slices gradually shifted by means of the whole cutting material in the portioning chamber and separated, and in the same degree gradually retracted the counter punch to create the necessary volume for this purpose. This is possible over an entire number of slices, in particular over the entire sliced product, since the effect that differently elastic regions, ie muscle fiber types, are present within a slicing element and accordingly behave and expand differently after separation only takes place totaled over the number of discs can adversely affect the newly separated disc.

Especially if, as mentioned, the entire slices are sliced successively sliced into slices in the Portionierkammer, so that there finally cut the entire sliced present in the Portionierkammer, can thus create a particularly simple and inexpensive machine by no device part is needed, the Immediately after the separation of a disc, it is displaced out of the cutting area and transported away with the aid of the portioning chamber, and a new empty portioning chamber is made available at the cutting position. This device part has to work very fast and very precisely, which makes up a high mechanical outlay and thus a high cost share of the overall device.

This can be dispensed with if the emptying of the portioning chamber only has to be done once after cutting the entire material to be cut.

So that this does not necessarily have to take place in a very short time, two portioning chambers and thus portioning tubes and preferably two forming tubes are preferably present per machine, which points between two positions, namely the cutting position for cutting the material to be cut and an ejection position spaced therefrom and forth displaced, in particular displaceable back and forth, are.

This makes it possible to spend the filled portioning chamber, which is only a portioning gutter in training with ei¬ nem side punch from removing the side punch from the working position to the loading position to them there either manually or by means of an axially acting slider to empty.

Relatively much time is available for this, because in the meantime the other empty portioning chamber is brought into working position, and a renewed cutting cycle begins.

Likewise, during the cutting of the material to be cut, which is located in a first forming tube, a second forming tube located next to it in the ejection position can already be filled with new material to be cut.

When within the time window, which is required for the cutting of a Schneidgu¬ tes, the new loading of the second mold tube or the unloading of the second Portionierrohres done, can be selected by the operator, so that a temporal buffer is given for other activities, and For example, several such machines can be operated by a single operator. The sliced food can be transported on a conveyor belt or stored in trays and then portioned manually and semi-automatically or fully automatically and further processed.

Such a machine is then particularly inexpensive to produce, if the corresponding individual parts such as mold tube and Portionierkammer, forming tube gutter and Portionier gutter, the respective transverse punches and / or ram and counter punch, are identical, so that a machine with two machine or even more pairs of forming tube and portioning tube can be constructed from the same individual parts.

In the case of a displaceable transverse punch, it must always be ensured, among other things, in such machines that the point of application of the punch and counter punch is located as far as possible in the center of the punch, and consequently the position of the punch drive or counter punch drive relative to the former tube Portioning chamber channel must be changed depending on the position of the cross bar.

However, due to the possible fine positioning of the counter punch, it is now also possible to readjust the volume of the portioning chamber for each new slice to be separated, depending on how the deviations from the nominal weight occur in the previously measured actual weights of the separated slices has shown.

In particular, it is also possible in this way, not only to comply with the target weight of individual slices exactly, but also the target weight of portions that should include several slices, since this is no longer as in the past, the target / Actual deviations of the individual disks ad- dieren but concrete shortly before the end of the completion of the portion by weighing eg the individual slices, the difference of the actual weight of the target weight in the sum is known and by the one or more last slices balanced or controlled in the desired manner, for example, by approaching the actual weight of the total portion at the lower limit of the permissible tolerance range.

This is particularly easy if one of z. B. 6 slices existing portion whose target weight is given to two partial portions, for example, 2 x 3 slices or 1 x 5 slices and 1 x 1 slice, is divided by the partial portions with several slices by successively separate, but auf¬ can be produced one behind the other in the portioning chamber, and after determining the actual weight of the first partial portion, the last partial portion can be given correspondingly precisely with respect to the desired weight and thus also actual weight by means of corresponding adjustment of the longitudinal position of the counterpunch.

The longitudinally displaceable pressing die avoids unwanted deformation of the meat by, as it were, "picking up" the cutting material to be advanced into the portioning chamber at the level of the portioning knife, ie the open side of the portioning chamber, prior to filling the portioning chamber of the counter punch is advanced until the opening of the portioning chamber, preferably until it touches the front end face of the material to be cut, and then moved together with the material to be cut in the feed direction, preferably under constant contact of the front surface of the material to be cut on the pressing surface of the counter punch until it has reached the desired position in the portioning plate.

Especially if it should also be dispensed on a pre-press plate before the knife gate, the counter-punch can have introduced from its open front, intersecting slots that correspond in position and thickness and depth of the knife gate, so that - if the portioning knife transversely from the Mold cavity is removed - the counter punch to the first cutting edge of the first knife gate between the knife can be pushed into it ben and there serves as a stop surface for the front of the Schneidgu¬ tes. The counter punch then moves with the material to be cut in the axial direction at the beginning of the cutting process, and only when the counter punch is no longer in the area of action of the portioning knife, the cutting process takes place only in the transverse direction with the aid of the portioning knife.

As a result, the individual strips are not inserted into an already existing portioning cavity, and a different transverse extension is not possible, since the normally narrow crushed strips do not extend forward towards the bottom of the empty, available portioning cavity as a means of escape can.

If, with a device according to the invention, it is desired to produce slices or pieces of diced food, ie cutting by means of the knife gate or not, the knife gate must of course be moved out of its working position and replaced by a corresponding filling piece.

In addition, a special cross-sectional shape of the mold cavity and thus also of the cavity in the portioning chamber is recommended in order to be able to deform the material to be cut in the transverse direction with one and the same forming tube or portioning tube so that both slices and cubed bodies are cut can be.

For this purpose, a parallelogram-shaped cross-sectional contour is recommended, in particular with rounded corners, and a large corner angle of 120 ° - 150 °.

On the one hand, this offers the advantage that the volume can be changed by means of a groove and a transversely movable transverse punch by the transverse punch forming one of the sides of the parallelogram and being displaced in the direction of the two adjoining parallelogram sides.

In addition, however, this cross-sectional shape also offers the possibility that in the knife gate the two knife directions do not approach each other at right angles. lie, but each run parallel to the outer sides of the parallelogram ver¬. Although this does not cut cube-shaped but parallelogram-shaped pieces of meat, this does not make any difference for the consumer.

On the other hand, this offers the advantage that with this cross-sectional shape the typical cutting material in the form of a pig's salmon can still be pressed into this cross-sectional shape, and yet there is a shape in which the cutting of the uniform cube-shaped body is also possible.

Preferably, for this process, the control of the ram and counter punch will allow a precisely synchronous movement of these two rams, or even a mechanical coupling of the two rams, preferably detachable, can be provided.

Furthermore, a pressure measurement in the portioning cavity can be provided, for example by measuring the pressure or the pressing force of the counter punch.

On the one hand, the correlation between the volume and the weight absorbed therein depends on the specific weight of the material to be cut, and although this is slightly but not completely negligible, it depends on the pressure prevailing in the material to be cut. On the other hand, the pressure in the portioning chamber should be between predefined limits before or during portioning, that is to say cutting off of the slice, since too low a pressure in the material to be cut can lead to incomplete filling of the portioning chamber and too high an internal pressure Structure of the material to be cut can damage.

In order not to increase the pressure prevailing in the cutting material during the cutting process by the penetrating knife and its Vo¬ lumenverdrängung before the start of the cutting process, on the other hand, but not to lower, and thereby reduce the dimensional stability and weight accuracy of the separated slice, the goal is this before the start of cutting Ganges prevailing pressure to keep as constant as possible during the cutting process.

In order to achieve this, the volume displacement effected by the penetrating portioning knife is compensated by a counter punch which is retracted to the same extent, ie in particular increasingly and not abruptly, which makes it possible to keep the pressure constant as at the beginning of the cutting process.

In order to keep the volume displacement by the cutting blade as low as possible, the cutting blade is made as thin as possible and, for this purpose, not as an intrinsically stable plate but as a prestressed blade in the direction of travel of the blade, very thin plate or foil, but in particular as a ge ¬ closed plate, which completely closes the front opening of the mold cavity after the complete severing of the strand-like material to be cut.

After preforming and pre-compression of the material to be cut, which with a higher pressure than in the subsequent advancing and portioning, namely with usually 1, 0 bar to 6.0 bar against a pressure in the portioning chamber when portioning only 0, 2 bar to 1, 0 bar is done, the pre-press plate is moved out of the feed path in the transverse direction and moves the material to be cut in the feed direction for portioning.

Compression punches and / or counter punches are generally driven by a conventional punch drive, for example a hydraulic cylinder or an electric drive or the like, whereby preferably only such a drive unit is located in alignment with the feed path, with several on a revolver or a transverse displacement unit existing Portionier plates or forming tubes.

In addition or instead, the counter punch can also be actuated by means of spring pretension and / or despite its longitudinal adjustability on its Rear be acted upon with compressed air, which can then be used for ejecting the separated disc from the portioning chamber.

For this purpose, the mentioned valves for shutting off the pressure chamber, preferably the solid bottom of the Portionier chamber on the back of the ram, available, the release either vent lines, Druckluftanschluss or vacuum connection or close, while preferably in the front of the ram also the already mentioned, preferably closable via valves, openings for negative pressure supply of the portioning cavity are present.

In order to additionally facilitate the ejection of the separated slice from the portioning chamber, several possibilities are provided.

On the one compressed air outlets in the pressing surface of the counter punch, possibly also an annular gap between the outer circumference of the article and the inner peripheral surface of the Portionier chamber to cause the detachment of the separated disc from the Portionier chamber.

In this case, the axial moving out of the disk from the portioning chamber is generally effected by advancing the counterpunch in the direction and preferably until the opening of the portioning chamber. There, the movement of the counter punch is stopped as suddenly as possible to assist the detachment of the disc by their kinetic energy, which can be further promoted by opening compressed air outlets in z. B. the pressing surface of Gegen¬ punch for detaching the discs shortly before reaching this position.

By the fine adjustment of the target weight of the disc, z. As a result of the fine adjustment of the position of the counter punch, it is also possible to minimize the less usable remnants of a meat strand etc. after portioning: By weighing, in particular automatically weighing, the starting cut material before or after being introduced into the forming tube, the desired weight of the individual slices or portions in the frame can preferably be determined by means of an integrated computing device in the control for the overall machine their permissible tolerance values are changed in such a way that, taking into account the initial weight and possibly taking into account known shrinkage as a result of known fissures, meat flakes etc. carried out in the form of contaminants by the knife or the portioning plate are determined such that the starting material Weight a possible small, not portionable residual weight remains.

This residual weight, thus previously known, can be used, for example, to create a clean initial and end surface for the remaining, usable, dimensionally stable portions distributed over a gate disc and a residual disc or completely without residue.

c) embodiments

Embodiments according to the invention are described in more detail below by way of example. Show it:

1: the entire device cut along the feed direction and viewed from above in the feed direction,

2: detailed representations of the forming tube,

3 shows a detailed representation of the portioning module,

4 shows the process of portioning,

5: representations of a pork chop, 6: knife variants,

7 shows a second design of the device cut along the feed direction 10,

FIG. 8 shows the forming tube or porting tube consisting of channel and transverse punch in cross section in different states, and FIG

Fig. 9: an enlarged detail of Fig. 5 with material to be cut.

FIG. 1a shows along the feed path 10 ^' the functional interaction of the individual components, namely the feed module 100 located at the bottom in this case and the portioning module 1 arranged above it, and the portioning knife 4 located between them, each in longitudinal section through its centers are shown, for clarity, without filling, so without cutting material.

Instead of an exactly vertical arrangement as shown in FIG. 1a, the arrangement can also be chosen to be inclined.

The feed module 100 comprises the top and bottom open forming tube 101 which has an internal cross-section which remains constant in the feed direction 10 and is closed at the rear, in particular lower, rear end by a suitable press stamp 102, which is longitudinally driven by means of a ram drive 108 , ie in and against the feed direction, is movable in the forming tube 101 and can change its internal volume.

In the feed direction 10 thereafter, that is, upwards, in this case, a cutting tube 25 adjoins the forming tube 101 in an aligned manner, possibly without a gap (for example pressed by a pressing cylinder), which has the same internal cross section. The cutting tube 25 serves to guide the knife guards 23 a, b running in transverse directions 11, 11 ^' , which are arranged in crosswise directions and only exist in the case of boneless ware, and which each consist of a plurality of parallel juxtaposed knives, by the individual knives pass through slots of the mutually opposite walls of the cutting tube 25 and thus extend over the entire inner cross section of the cutting tube 25, where they are reciprocated in their longitudinal extension for dividing the initially strand-like material to be cut into individual pieces in Vor¬ thrust direction 10 extending strips.

Immediately before, so in this case below the knife gates 23 a, b is a pre-press plate 22 usually transverse with a direction transverse to the direction of feed 10 in corresponding slots of the cutting tube 25, and can close or release the inner cross-section by means of the pre-press - te 22 existing hole with the same inner cross section as cutting tube 25th

This pre-pressing plate 22 serves in the inserted, the cross-section verschlie߬ the state to support the inserted into the forming tube 101 in its original form strand of material to be cut during pre-forming and pre-pressing according to the remaining inner contour of the forming tube in the direction of the front end, without thereby significantly less Stable knife the Messer¬ gates 23 a, b to burden. If the knife guards 23a, b are missing, the pre-press plate 22 is generally not necessary, because then directly against the portioning module 1, e.g. against the countermark, is pre-pressed.

The portioning module 1 comprises a blind-hole-shaped portioning plate 5, whose bottom surface is opposite the feed module 100, formed by an inner cross-section of the blind-hole portioning chamber 7 counter-punch 12 which in the longitudinal direction, ie in and against the feed direction 10, can be moved by means of a counter punch drive 13 be¬. The inner cross section of the portioning chamber 7 corresponds to that of the cutting tube 25 and the forming tube 101 and is aligned therewith. The strand of material to be cut pushed out of the forming tube 101 by means of the press die 102 forward, ie in the feed direction 10, is pushed forward, thereby cutting strips extending in the longitudinal direction from the knives of the two cutting gates, and advancing until it abuts against the blades Counter punch 12 is pushed, and thus fill with their front-side vor¬ their end and the portioning chamber 7 in the portioning plate 5. Before that takes place after the pre-forming in the forming tube, in which no cavities unfilled with material to be cut may remain in the mold tube cavity 101a, after taking out the pre-pressing plate 22 from the inner cross section.

In this state, the portioning knife 4 is then introduced transversely into the inner cross section and thereby cuts the strand of material to be cut, thus cutting off its front end, namely the volume accommodated in the portioning chamber 7, in the form of a disk 2. as shown in the other figures.

The ram drive 108 and / or counter punch drive 13 must be fast and accurate to move, especially the exact mobility is difficult by a pneumatic drive. Instead, mechanical drives, for example by means of a threaded spindle or ball-roll spindle, are preferred which combine speed and exact positioning. The two drives can be controlled separately, but also - electrically or mechanically - be synchronized.

In Figure 1a, the transport device 50 is further shown in the form of a conveyor belt for transporting the portioned slices or cubes, as well as the turret drives 6a and 106a for rotating the portioning turret 6 by the portioning plates are 5, as well as the Feed turret 106, on which the forming tubes 101 are located, as well as for positioning these revolvers in the desired rotational position.

In this case, the direction of movement of the side punch 104 into the forming tube groove 103 can also be oblique relative to the longitudinal axis of the contour of the cavity. 101a, which has the advantage that the length and width of the mold cavity 101a are simultaneously changed.

Various portioning knives 4 are shown in Figure 2b. The portioning knife 4 has a surface which is large enough to cut and cover the cross section of the forming tube cavity 101 a and thus the entire material to be cut 3 after the slice 2 has been cut off, which is especially important for the subsequent transverse displacement of the filled with the disc 2 Portionier plate 5 is important.

In this case, the cutting edge 4b can run straight, in particular obliquely, with respect to the direction of movement of the knife, namely the transverse direction 11, or can also be contoured in the shape of a V or otherwise. However, it is important that the portioning knife 4 is tensioned in its course 4 ^' , ie transversely to its direction of movement, for example between the freely ending legs of a portioning knife 4 receiving, eg U-shaped knife bracket 24th

Due to this bias, the blade despite sufficient inherent stability in the untensioned state, ie when produced from a very thin steel plate, sufficiently stable and displaced during cutting still little volume.

Figures 1 b, c show in cross-section the formation of the forming tube 101 of two parts, namely the U-shaped forming tube groove 103 with mutually parallel ver¬ running inner edges, and the precisely fitting side punch 104, which is movable in the transverse direction 11 and thereby the remaining mold tube cavity 101a may vary:

This serves to adapt the initial cross-section of the cavity 101a even before the cross-sectional contour of the starting material 3 to be pressed. For this purpose, the side punch 104 can be moved completely out of the forming tube channel 103, thereby facilitating the cutting material 3 to be introduced into the forming tube channel 103. Since this variable cross-section must be closable by means of corresponding press dies 102 a, b ..., the side punch 104 can approach preferably defined transverse positions 105 a, b ... within the mold tube channel 103, for the analogous shaped press dies 102 a, b. .. are available or the ram is infinitely adjustable in its surface.

After inserting the starting material to be cut 3, the side punch 104 will thus have such a transverse position, e.g. 105a, approach, in which the starting material to be cut 3 already deformed and pre-pressed in the transverse direction so far that it fills the remaining inner cross-section as far as possible or completely.

Subsequently, with the appropriate punch, e.g. 102a pushed the material to be cut 3 in the feed direction 10 against the pre-pressing plate 22 and also pressed so far in the longitudinal direction that then no voids between cutting good 3 and inner contour of the forming tube cavity 101a remain more.

In the rectangular mold cavities 101 a as shown in FIG. 1 b, a cutting material 3 can be pressed well in the form of a meat strand.

However, if the material to be cut 3 consists of a meat strand with bone content, such as a partially bony material to be cut, a rectangular cavity is less suitable for this purpose.

In Fig. 2 a and 2 b therefore a mold cavity 101 a is shown, in the form of a parallelogram, in which the corners of the parallelogram with the small In¬ nenwinkel strong, and preferably also the two remaining corners are rounded. Instead of the parallelogram shape, any other shape is possible which has two mutually parallel sides and overall results in an elongated contour rounded at the ends.

In the described Parallelogrammform is on the one hand and the ram 104 on the other hand, the strongly rounded corner with the small inner angle and the adjacent edge of the parallelogram in the ram punch groove 103 ausge-. forms, wherein the contact surfaces of the side slider 104, which is displaceable in the inner edges of the channel 103, which correspond to two mutually parallel sides of the parallelogram or a similar contour.

In this way, a chop strand, whose unbalanced V-shaped bone (viewed in cross section) can be different in size and also the hanging thereon cross-section of the meat strand, yet be pressed well transversely.

The chop strand 3 ^' is inserted in such a way that the outer edge of the bone K is inserted into the contour of the forming tube groove 103, for instance with the bone flute K at the transition between rounding and straight flank of the flute 103 or even during rounding the free end of the long bone KL rests against the flank adjacent the rounding, which is not the contact surface for the side punch 104.

By pressing the side punch 104 while the inner contour of the side punch 104 presses the meat part F of the cutting material 3 ^' against the bone K and thus the bone K, especially its large arcuate bone KL, against the bottom of the channel 103. The meat F is so ver¬ formed that between the bone K and side shifter 104 all cavities are filled by the meat F and thus the cutting material 3 ^' on the side facing away from the bone K side has a uniform outer contour over the length.

Assuming that the cavity between the bone KL and the bottom of the channel 103 over the length, ie feed direction 10, remains the same, this means a constant in the feed direction 10 cross section of the material to be cut 3 ^' . In addition, this cavity can be automatically scanned and thus determined by extending out of the channel 103 into the mold cavity 101a extending in the feed direction 10 sliding webs 112, after inserting and cross-pressing the material to be cut 3 ^' against the concave Außen¬ contour of the bone K, in particular of the long bone KL, are extended and their position automatically transmitted to a controller 20 of the machine. give the calculation of the cavity and thus the actual Querschnit¬ tes the cross-pressed material to be cut 3 ^' .

The comparison of FIGS. 2 a and 2 b shows that in this way, chopped strands 3 ^' , 3 ^" that are of very different sizes in cross-section can also be handled well.

That the described transverse compression and the subsequent or simultaneous longitudinal compression of a chop strand 3 ^' , 3 ^"is necessary in order to be able to portion uniformly heavy slices, are shown in FIGS. 5:

In addition to the cross-sectional shape of the chop strand 3 ^' , which is shown enlarged again in FIG. 5a, and the perspective view in the unpressed state in FIG. 5d, the side view of FIG. 5b shows that the meat strand F of a chop strand is quasi-in Contracting longitudinally to the center, and thereby has a larger cross-section in the end than in the middle of the longitudinal extent, and in addition the ends of the meat strand F from the bone obliquely and not straight.

Both are avoided by sufficiently strong transverse compression, which must be accompanied by sufficient longitudinal support for the formation of flat end surfaces, in order to be able to utilize above all the starting and end discs, and equally difficult to portion the remaining discs.

The same applies on the side of the Portioniermoduls 1 possibly for different sized Portionier chambers 7 a, b in corresponding Portionier plates 5 a, b, which in turn on a portioning turret 6 analogous to the feed turret 106, but possibly with each other offset rotational axes, as shown in Figure 1a, ange¬ are arranged.

Press punch drive 108 and counter punch drive 103 are thereby preferably only simple, namely fixedly arranged on the feed path 10 ^' . If a cutting tube 25 is present, this must also be changed together with the forming tube 101 a, b or be arranged with the portioning plate 5 together on ei¬ nem revolver.

Especially on the side of the portioning module 1, the training in turret construction can be used as follows:

FIGS. 1b and 1c show in the top view from above according to FIG. 1a such a portioning turret 6 and forming tube turret 106. In this case, on the portioning turret 6 two, conceivable also three or more, different but in theirs Contour and size equal sized portioning plates 5 with corre sponding, equally equal and equally contoured portioning chamber 7a, b .. are.

This can be used to continue to rotate the portioning turret 6 after separating a disc 2 in the cutting position S of the revolver and the next chamber, e.g. 7b to bring to cutting position and immediately after retraction of the knife 4 to refill by pushing forward the cutting material 3.

The just-filled portioning chamber 7a is further rotated together with the separated disc 2 still located therein, e.g. in the immediately subsequent ejection position A, and only there the disc 2 ejected from the portioning chamber 7a or 7b and on e.g. a transport device 50 deposited.

The optionally remaining two rotational positions of the portioning turret 6 can serve, for example, for cleaning the portioning chamber 7 or serve a rotational position of the feed turret 106 also for filling the Formhohlrau- mes 101a, by in this position another transport device 50 ^' the next cutting material 3 transported, optionally under automatic weighing by means of a transport device 50 ^' integrated direct balance 107th Of course, on the side of the portioning chamber 7, the cross section of the chamber can also be changed, for example by two-part formation of the portioning plate 5 by means of trough 103 and side punches, as has already been described analogously for a multi-part forming tube 101, with the result that also then the side punches can approach, for example, defined transverse positions for which corresponding counter punches 12 must be available.

This makes it possible, despite the arrangement of several equally large Portionier- chambers 7a, b ... on a portioning turret 6 time-saving cutting and ejecting at different rotational positions and thus simultaneously perform, and still the advantage of adjusting the sizes of Portionier chambers 7 on the entire portioning revolver 6 to keep.

In an analogous manner, on the side of the feed turret 106, such a distribution of the functions to a plurality of rotational positions can be used to refill the next forming tube 101 with material to be cut 3 while advancing and portioning a material 3 on the feed path 10 ^' in another rotational position , if necessary, to press already in the transverse direction 11 by means of the side punch 104 to clean the mold tube to disinfect by means of UV light and the like.

3 a shows a partial sectional view through the portioning module 1 and its portioning turret 6, like the ejection process, which is in principle facilitated by the fact that the portioning chambers 7 are provided by the arrangement of the portioning plates 5 above the forming tubes 101 are open at the bottom and so¬ with the ejection of the discs 2 is already promoted by their gravity.

FIG. 3 a shows, in this case, the receptacle not only of a separated pane 2 in the portioning chamber 7, but also of the possibility created by the longitudinally movable counter punch 12, of several panes 2, even of different nominal thickness D and also actual thickness. one after the other and together initially in the portioning chamber 7a still in the cutting position S increase and leave until the desired number of slices, which can represent about a portion or partial portion, is reached, and only then spend this chamber 5 from the cutting position S to the ejection position A according to the left half of FIG. 3; which saves time in the workflow. The ejection position A may be located diametrically opposite the cutting position S, as shown in FIG. 3, or else at any intermediate angle.

In Figure 3 a in the right half of the situation when separating a second disc 2 is shown, while a first separated disc 2 is already in the portioning chamber 7 at cutting position S, and the counter punch 12 thus at an axial position corresponding to twice the disk thickness D be¬ finds.

In the left half of the image, the two now separated slices 2 are still outside the portioning chamber 7 still adhering to the counter punch 12, and will be ejected from this in this ejection position A underneath transport device 50, in which as a direct balance a Portio¬ nierwaage 14, which directly imbalances the portion thereof, in this case consisting of two disks 2, and passes on the weighing result to the control 20 indicated in FIG. 1 for all movable components of the overall machine, in order to adjust the position above all of the Ge genstempels 12 adapt for the subsequent cutting operations.

As can be seen in Figure 3a, is on the back of the counter punch 12, so between see the solid bottom of the portioning plate 5, which also the portioning turret 6 can be directly, and the back of the counter punch 12 as a pressure chamber 16 usable lockable interior available.

The interior space 16 can be acted upon by closable valves 18a, b with lines for venting and / or compressed air and / or underpressure, and can therefore also be closed in a pressure-tight manner by closing all the valves. Thus, for the ejection of the pressure chamber 16 with pressure, so compressed air, are acted upon, and thereby the counter punch 12 against the Vorschub¬ direction 10 are moved downward, preferably until the pressing surface of the counter punch 12 with the opening, ie the bottom, the portioning Plate 5 is aligned, or shortly before, which is realized by means of a preferably positive end stop.

The pressing punch 102 stands thereby - at least as long as the corresponding porting plate 5 is in the cutting position S - under a corresponding pressure which is generated by a pressure sensor 15, either between the counter punch 12 and the counter punch drive 13 acting on it is arranged or directly in the pressing surface of the counter punch 12, as shown in Figure 1, or by measuring the power consumption in the drive 108 is determined, or it is mechanically firmly locked in the corresponding longitudinal position.

In FIG. 3 a, in the ejection position A, the counter punch 12 can be displaced in the longitudinal direction 10 by a drive 13 ^' , preferably a drive analogous to the drive at the cutting position S. Preferably, however, this should be dispensed with.

As described, the counter punch 12 can be moved downwards, thereby mechanically ejecting the disks 2 from the portioning chamber 7, which preferably ends when the pressing surface of the punch 12 has reached the opening of the portioning chamber 7.

This pressurization of compressed air has the further advantage that it can also be used for detaching the first disc 2 adhering to the counter-punch 12:

For this purpose - as shown in FIG. 3 a - the counter punch 12 is formed in two parts with an additional, in the forward direction 10 ver¬ sliding stop member 19. The stop member 19 has a forward court ended stop 19 a, with which the movement is achieved at the front end position ge compared to a firmly connected to the portioning plate 5 component. The stamp plate 12 ^'provided with its own stamp on the back is mounted in the hollow punch of the stop member 19 and the stop member 19 is biased by a spring 30 in the retracted position relative to the fixed bottom of the plate 5.

The pressure plate 12 ^' is penetrated by air openings 8a which widen to the rear, into which the extensions of the stop element 19 pointing forwardly, which can close off the air openings 8a, fit into the projection.

When ejecting the counter punch 12 at the end of Auswerfposition, so preferably before alignment of the pressing plate 12 ^' before the front end of the Porti- onier- chamber 7a, abruptly stopped by the end stop 19a to a Ablö sen sen of the discs 2a, b by the to support kinetic energy. At least in this state, the spring 30 presses against this downward movement of the counter punch 12 against a corresponding shoulder of the stop member 19 upwards and thereby prevents the projections at the lower end of An¬ impact member 19, the air openings 8a close.

The compressed air, with which the pressure chamber 16 is acted, thus flows through the air openings 8a on the front of the pressure plate 12 ^' and thus between the pressure plate 12 ^' and there adhering first disc 2, and dissolves them. An unsupportive effect can be achieved if further air openings are present between the outer circumference of the press plate 12 ^' and the inner circumference of the portioning chamber 7, for example in the form of a circumferential annular gap.

After repelling the discs 2, the corresponding press plate 5 can be used again for portioning, and is brought back to the cutting position S at the appropriate time. There then presses for applying a corresponding counter-force of the counter punch drive 13 from above, ie counter to the feed direction, on the rear end faces of both the stop member 19 and the counter punch 12 until the rear end faces are aligned a relative position of these two parts is achieved to each other, in which the Fortsät¬ ze at the front, lower end of the stop member 19, the plate 12 ^'of the counter punch 12 penetrating air openings.

In Fig. 3b of Fig. 3a only indicated pressing ram 102 is shown enlarged in detail.

It can be seen that from the ram 102 pointed pins 113 extending parallel zu¬ each other against the cutting material 3 ^' , either perpendicular to the surface of the ram 102 extending or obliquely thereto, in the Schneid¬ good, be it the meat F or the Bone K, penetrate and keep this at the temple Press¬.

Also brackets 114 are here conceivable, or other form-fitting holding the meat holding devices.

FIGS. 4 show the individual states of motion using the example of a portioning chamber 7 until the two separated slices 2a, b are located one behind the other in the portioning chamber 7, and not additionally in the form of a disk, but rather divided into slices individual cubes or cuboids.

Figure 1 shows the basic situation at the transition between the forming tube 101, cutting tube 25 and portioning plate 5, as shown in Figure 1 on the feed path 10 ^' . In this case, the pre-pressing plate 22 is still in the position closing the hollow cavity 101a, but the cutting material 3 is pre-compressed in the longitudinal direction and transverse direction so far that no cavities are left in the mold cavity 101a which would not be filled with material 3 to be cut ,

After removing the pre-pressing plate 22, the cutting material 3 is pushed forward by means of the press ram 102 until it touches the counter-punch 12 which closes the opening of the portioning chamber 7 with its pressing surface, as shown in FIG. 4 a, wherein the cutting material 3 has already been cut into strips is by passing through the two knife gates 23a, b. Subsequently, 4b, the cut material 3, together with the counter punch 12, moves into the porting chamber 7, in particular together due to synchronous movement of the punch 102.

This is continued until the counter punch 12 and thus the material to be cut 3 reaches the desired depth, as a rule corresponding to the desired thickness D of the sheet 2 to be produced (FIG. 4c).

After stopped in this position, the counter punch 12, preferably mechanically fixed, is, the portioning knife 4 is retracted in the transverse direction in the Form¬ cavity until it has completely severed the cutting material 3 in the transverse direction 11 and a first disc 2, if necessary divided z. B. in cuboid, is separated from the strand.

Subsequently, the portioning knife 4 is withdrawn from the inner cross section, cutting material 3 including the separated slice 2 and together with the counter punch 12 on which it bears under pretension, moves further in feed direction 10, preferably in turn together with the synchronously Pressing dies 102 moved away until the counter punch 12 has reached the next defined axial position, preferably corresponding to a depth of twice the set thickness D of the disks 2 in the portioning chamber 7.

In this position, in turn, the stopping and preferably fixing of the counter punch 12 in this longitudinal position, and again the retraction of the portioning knife 4 (Figure 4d) from the outside into the inner cross section until again a next slice 2b is completely separated.

In this way, the corresponding number of slices can be produced one behind the other, without ejection from the portioning chamber 7a, which, as described above with reference to FIG. 3, and thus only one time per serving per time and not every time per disc, is performed. 6 show different possibilities of separating tools in order to cut both the bone K and the meat F of a chunky cut material, such as a chop strand.

In this case, the bone cutter 4.1 are provided as a toothed, saw-like tool, while the meat knife 4.2 is provided with a sharply ground edge, that is to say for a normal, ie, in particular, a pulling cut. In Fig. 6d, the chop strand is shown, which is severed there by different Trenn¬ tools.

The meat portion F can be separated by a conventional meat knife 4.2, which can be stretched, for example, between two lateral holders.

The two arcuate bones KL and KK are separated by separate schwenk¬ bare or rotatable bone knife 4a1, 4a2 separately and laterally, but in the same plane, which is also the plane of the meat knife 4.2, severed.

The pivot point of the two knives 4a1 and 4a2 lies in each case on the circular arc center, which is formed on the one hand by the arcuate long bone KL and on the other hand by the also much shorter bone bone KK, but the center of a bone knife is not in the path of movement of the bone other knife may lie.

The knives are preferably not formed as a full circular disk, but as Kreis¬ segment disc, with a toothing on its circumference. Preferably, when formed as a circle segment, the preferably toothed cutting edges or sawing edges have an increasing radius. On the other hand, FIGS. 6a to 6c show portioning knives in the form of combination knives, on which both the bone cutter 4.1 and the meat knife 4.2 are placed underneath. In Fig. 6a is a circular disk-shaped knife with a constant outer radius, of which a peripheral portion is formed as a bone knife 4.1, in particular by toothing of the cutting edge.

Fig. 6.2 shows a crescent-shaped knife, in which along the cutting edge whose distance from the fulcrum along sickle steadily increases. Here, too, a portion of the cutting edge, either the first portion as shown here or preferably also the last portion is formed as a bone knife 4.1, the rest of the cutting edge as a meat knife 4.2.

Fig. 6c shows a piece of a conventional, straight, band-shaped saw blade, the cutting edge is formed over one of the two end portions as a bone knife 4.1.

The bone knives 4.1 have additionally in the area of the knife of the cutting edge set back, but as far as possible far back, round openings 28, which are used in addition to the free spaces behind the individual teeth to absorb cutting flour and from the cut, ie the bone, herauszutransportieren.

FIGS. 7 and 9 show in longitudinal section, that is to say cut along the feed direction 10, a second design of the device, wherein in FIG. 7 the representation of the feed module 100 coincides with the corresponding illustration in FIG. 1a except for the absence of Turret levers 106a, since in this case the two forming tubes 101 are not on a feed turret, but on ei¬ nem feed cross slide 106 ', with the aid - as better seen with reference to FIG. 9 - the two parallel to each other Form tubes 101, 101 'transversely to the feed direction 10 from the cutting position S, in which the blades are located in an adjacent discharge position A, which is double on opposite sides to the cutting position S, and can be moved back again. In addition, FIG. 7 differs from FIG. 1 in that on the opposite side of the portioning knife 4 the substantially identical unit is still present in mirror image to a plane parallel to the leveling blade 4, but this time with the function of portioning tubes 5 ', 5 ", which - like the forming tubes 101 and 101' - are preferably arranged together in a Grund¬ body, also transversely displaceable as a cross slide for moving between the cutting position S and the ejection position A angeord¬ net are.

Correspondingly, the axial length of the mold cavities 101a, 101a 'is the same as that of the portioning chamber 7, 7', so that the starting material 3 can be taken up completely sliced into slices or cubes in the portioning chamber 7 above the portioning knife 4, ie the cutting material 3 completely cut into slices or cubes in the Portionierkammer 7 place, without this previously empty, as already mentioned in principle with reference to FIG. 3.

The main advantage of such a design of the machine is that those device parts of the solution according to FIG. 1, which are necessary for a quick and precise emptying of the portioning chamber 7 after each individual slice cut, as well as the subsequent equally precise and fast removal a downstream automatic packaging unit that needs to work just as fast is not needed.

As a result, the construction cost and maintenance costs compared to the machine of Fig. 1 considerably reduced, and still offers the operator halbauto¬ matic operation, because the cutting process itself is automatic, but the filling and emptying of the material to be cut does not necessarily have to be automated, especially if there is not only a pairing of forming tube 101 and portioning tube 5 ', but two such pairs next to each other, as shown with reference to FIGS. 7 and 9, which makes possible the following advantageous method sequence: After inserting the material to be cut in the mold cavity 101a, which is in the cutting position S, this is pre-compressed to 3 cutting material by means of the press ram 102 and possibly by means of a cross bar 104. Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 9, the cutting material 3 by means of the ram 102 step by step pushed forward in the direction of the portioning knife 4, with simultaneous contact and synchronous movement of the counter punch 12 on the front end face of the material to be cut 3, thereby slice by slice the material to be cut 3 by means of the poration knife, or if a knife gate 23 is present that is - in cube-shaped pieces, until the sliced cutting material 3 is completely in the Portionierkammer 7.

In the meantime, the operator may add a new starting cut material 3 'to the other mold cavity 101a' located at the ejecting position.

After the end of the described cutting process, the cross slide 106 'with the forming tubes 101, 101' so shifted that the new material to be cut is in the cutting position, and also the cutting tube cross slide 106 "moves in the transverse direction, that the filled portioning chamber 7 - In this case, to the right, it is moved into the ejection position, where it is later completely pushed out of this portioning chamber 7, for example by means of an axial slide 109, in order to prepare it for reuse.

In the meantime, however, the other portioning chamber T is already at the cutting position S, and the next cutting operation is already taking place during this time.

Since the refilling of a new starting material 3 'and the removal of the sliced material from the portioning chamber 7 - especially if it also happens automatically or semi-automatically - takes less time than cutting a whole material 3, a time window is available to the operator within which he can perform this work so that an operator can operate several such machines simultaneously. As shown in FIG. 9, the machine is also made cheaper by the fact that ram 102 and / or counter ram 12 and the corresponding drives 108, 13 are present only once, namely at cutting position S.

Another special feature is the formation of the countermark 12:

As next to the portioning knife 4 in a short cutting tube 25 and a cutting plate 25 intersecting knife 23a, 23b a knife gate 23 form for dicing, but which can be completely disabled by lateral retraction of the insert and replacement by a filling tube, has the counter punch 12 in its free end face introduced, intersecting Schlit¬ ze, which have different depth depending on the direction, and serve to receive the blades 23 a, b of the knife gate 23.

Thus, while saving a pre-pressing plate, as explained in, for example, Fig. 3, the counter punch 12 from the beginning, even in the pre-compression, are in direct contact with the front surface of the material to be cut 3 by taking the knife 23a, b in its appropriate Schlit¬ zen up to the axial position of the front edge of the foremost knife 23 can be vorvor- ren.

The shaping tubes 101, 101 'as well as the portioning tubes 5', 5 "can be designed as tubes which extend in one piece over the circumference or, as already explained, consist of two parts, namely a gutter and a transverse punch which can be retracted from the open side of the gutter. B. 104, as shown with reference to the figures 8 as a cross-section at an arbitrary longitudinal position of the forming tube 101, as well as the transverse punch 104 with its drive preferably only at the cutting position S in the forming tube is present, and analogously, such a counter punch only at the Cutting position S once at the portioning module 1.

FIG. 8 further shows another mold tube cavity 101a as explained with reference to FIG. 2: The cross section of the mold cavity is parallelogram-shaped, and the transverse punch 104 forming one side of the parallelogram is displaceable in the direction of the two other sides of the parallelogram between its free leg.

This cross-sectional shape of the cavity allows - in the case of a Mes¬ sergatters - the arrangement of the directions of the blades 23a and 23b pa¬ rallel to the outer surfaces of the parallelogram cross-section, so that not a cube, but small parallelograms, cut however, they all have approximately the same volume.

This cross-sectional shape allows the adaptation of a z. As pig salmon by way of pre-compression without too much deformation, so that in this cross-sectional shape without changing the forming tube both slicing and cutting cubic body is made possible.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1 portioning module

2 disc

3 slices

4 portioning knives

4.1 bone knife

4.2 meat knife

5 portioning plate

6 portioning revolver

7 portioning chamber

8 air opening

9 input unit

10 feed direction

10 ^' feed path

11 transverse direction

12 countermarks

13, 13 ^' counter punch drive

14 portioning scale

15 pressure sensor

16 pressure room

17 piston rod

18 a, b, c valve

19 ejector pen

20 control

21 flow channel

22 pre-press plate

23 a, b knife gate

24 knife bracket

25 cutting tube

25 a cutting tube cavity 26 cleaning device

27 Force measuring device

44 a, b axis of rotation

50, 50 ^' transport device

100 feed module

101 shape tube

101 a forming tube cavity

102 press punches

103 formed pipe gutter

103a opening

104, 104 'side stamp

105 a, b transverse position

106 feed turret

106 'feed cross slide

106 "cutting tube cross slide

107 direct balance

108 ram drive

109 bone gutter

109 a, b thighs

110 rotation axis

111 membrane

112 sliding bars / roll

113 axial slide

K bone

KL bones long

KK bone short

D thickness

A ejection position

S cutting position

Claims

1. A method for cutting weight-accurate discs (2) or slice portions of a conditionally limited, but form-containing Be¬ constituents, in particular bone containing cutting material (3), in particular fish or meat, wherein - by means in the feed direction (10) firmly positioned portioning knife (4) a disc (2) immediately behind the front, open end of the forming tube (101) or cutting tube from the cutting material (3) is separated, the disc (2) is removed from the cutting material (3), characterized in that the physical conditions, in particular the pressure in or close to the part of the material to be cut (3) to be separated, are monitored and / or regulated during or immediately before the cutting off of the disc (2). 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that prior to the separation of a disc (2) the material to be cut (3) is pre-compressed into a strand with constant in the feed direction cross section at least the soft Be¬ constituent (meat) of the material to be cut (3), in particular by pressing both in the transverse direction (11) between a forming tube groove (103) and a side punch (104) and in the feed direction (10) between a pressing die (102) and an abutment, in particular a pre-pressing plate (22) or a counter punch (10). 12). 3. The method according to any one of the preceding Verfahrensansprüche, characterized in that the prepressing pressure over a defined period of time, in particular to Seconds is maintained to achieve a consistent deformation, and then the pre-pressure is reduced to a lower cutting pressure under which the material to be cut (3) is held for advancing into the portioning module (1) and separating discs (2). 4. The method according to any one of the preceding Verfahrensansprüche, characterized in that the outer contour of the material to be cut (3) on the dimensionally stable side, in particular the bone side, is scanned in cross section and calculated from the scan, the cross-sectional area of the pre-compressed strand of Schneidgut (3) and in relation to the target weight of the discs (2) whose target thickness is determined before and in particular during the portioning of the material to be cut. 5. The method according to any one of the preceding method claims, characterized in that for separating a disc, the material to be cut is held against an abutment in the feed direction opposite abutment, in particular a bewegli¬ in the feed direction counter punch (12) during the separation. 6. The method according to any one of the preceding method claims, characterized in that when separating a disc, the dimensionally stable components, in particular the bone (K) on the one hand and the softer components, in particular the muscle, on the other hand temporally successively, in particular first the meat and then the bone, be severed. 7. The method according to any one of the preceding Verfahrensansprüche, characterized in that the cutting tool remains in the material to be cut as an axial placeholder during the Penetration of the cutting tool for the muscle when the bone is severed first. 8. The method according to any one of the preceding method claims, characterized in that when cutting the bone, the cutting tool is cleaned before each re-Ein¬ dive into the bone of the resulting bone meal, in particular by blowing out by means of compressed air or flooding by means of Was¬ water automatically is cleaned. 9. The method according to any one of the preceding Verfahrensansprüche, characterized in that during the cutting of discs (2) from the front end of the Schneidgu¬ tes (3) the rear end of the material to be cut (3) held on the ram (102), in particular held in a form-fitting manner, becomes. 10. The method according to one of the preceding method claims, wherein the material to be cut (3) is pressed with its front end face into a blind hole-shaped portioning chamber (7a) with a defined depth until it fills it completely. 11. The method according to any preceding method claims, characterized in that the bottom of the portioning chamber (7a) as in the feed direction (10) movable counter punch (12) is formed and its loading force in Längs¬ direction by the counter punch drive (13) is measured and / or its pressing force against the material to be cut (3) is measured directly. 12. The method according to any one of the preceding method claims, characterized in that the actual weight of the disc (2), in particular each disc (2), automatically er¬ averages and depending on the detected deviation to their SoII- weight the physical parameters in the portioning chamber (7) can be changed for the following discs (2), in particular the axial depth of the portioning chamber (7a) when cutting in the porting chamber (7a) in the material to be cut (3). 13. The method according to any one of the preceding Verfahrensansprüche, characterized in that the pressure in the portioning chamber (7a), in particular in the cutting material located there (3), is kept constant during the cutting process, in particular also against the pressure immediately before Beginning of the cutting process, in particular by increasing the volume available for the material to be cut (3), in particular by means of defined retraction of the counter-punch (12), corresponding to the volume displacement by the penetrating portioning knife (4) relative to the pressing die (12 ), in particular each half the thickness of the portioning knife (4). (Residue-free portioning) 14. Method according to one of the preceding method claims, characterized in that the weight of the starting material to be cut (3) is determined indirectly by volume determination or directly by weighing, in particular automatically, and depending on this, the target weight of the individual disks (2 a, b ) is defined before cutting within the permissible tolerance range that of the starting material to be cut (3) as small as possible, in particular no remainder at An¬ catch and / or end remains, which remains in particular in the form of a gate disc. (Picking up the pieces of meat) 15. The method according to any one of the preceding Verfahrensansprüche, characterized in that the counter punch (12) at the beginning of the retraction of the material to be cut (3) in the portioning chamber (7a) at the opening of the portioning chamber (7a) and ins¬ particular on the cutting material (3) is applied and moves together with this in the Porti¬ onier chamber (7 a). (Several slices in the portioning chamber) 16. The method according to any one of the preceding Verfahrensansprüche, characterized in that a plurality of slices (2 a, b, c.) Are cut off successively leaving the already cut slices (2 a, b ...) in the portioning chamber (7 a) under gradual backward movement of the counter punch (12) and ejection and in particular the removal of the slice portion, in particular of the entire cut-cut starting material to be cut (3), only after reaching the desired number of slices. 17. Method according to one of the preceding method claims, characterized in that the accurate weighting of a desired portion consisting of several slices is achieved by producing and automatically determining the weight of a plurality of, in particular two, partial portions which in particular each comprise a plurality of slices (2 a, b ...), and readjustment of the target weight for the last, in particular second, partial portion as a function of the difference between the actual and target weight of the previous partial portions. 18. The method according to any one of the preceding Verfahrensansprüche, characterized in that the counter punch (12) in response to the movement of the ram (102), in particular synchronously or against synchronous with this, during introduction of the material to be cut (3) in the portioning chamber (7a ). (Rotatable positioning plate) 19. The method according to any one of the preceding method claims, characterized in that a plurality of portioning chambers (7 a, b) in a portioning turret (6) and / or a plurality of ram (102 a, b) in a feed turret (106) are present , whose axis of rotation (110) parallel to the feed direction (10) of the Cutting material (3) extends and which are einge¬ by rotation in the feed path (10 ^' ) hin¬. (Precompression) 20. The method according to any preceding method claims, characterized in that in a pre-compression of the material to be cut (3) prior to introduction into the portioning chamber (7a) to a strand with in the longitudinal direction (10) constant cross-section of at least the non-dimensionally stable Proportion by means of press die (102) and surrounding mold tube (101) the pre-compression against a in the feed path (10 ^' ) introduced pre-pressing plate (22). 21. The method according to any one of the preceding method claims, characterized in that the adaptation of the desired cross-section of the pre-compressed strand to the inner contour of the pipe (3) is effected in particular by stepped retraction in the transverse direction of the forming tube (101) forming the forming tube. Gutter (103) and the Seiten¬ stamp (104) into each other and replacing the press temple used for this purpose (102 a, b ...) (Pressing direction) 22. The method according to any one of the preceding method claims, characterized in that the feed direction (10) has vertical components and the material to be cut (3) is pressed from bottom to top in the portioning chamber (7a). 23. The method according to any one of the preceding Verfahrensansprüche, characterized in that the separated slices (2) from the portioning chamber (7a) are ejected from top to bottom on a transport device (50), in particular at rotatable portioning revolver (6) in a different by less than 180 °, in particular about 90 ° degrees from the cutting position (S) rotational position. 24. The method according to any one of the preceding Verfahrensansprüche, characterized in that between the emptying of the portioning chamber (7a) and refilling, in particular in workstations on rotational positions between the ejection position (A) and the receiving position, automatically cleaning or disinfecting, esp ¬ special UV radiation, the portioning chamber (7a) takes place. (Discharge technology) 25. The method according to any one of the preceding Verfahrensansprüche, characterized in that the release of the separated discs (2) from the counter punch (12) or bottom of the portioning chamber (7a) during ejection of the discs (2) by means of e.g. by the bottom or counter punch (12) flowing compressed air or a mechanical drive is supported. (Cocked knife) 26. The method according to any preceding method claims, characterized in that the portioning knife (4), in particular the meat knife (4.1), is formed as thin as possible and held for this purpose in its direction of extension under bias, in particular during cutting becomes. 27. An apparatus for cutting weight-accurate panes (2) or slice portions of a cutting material (3), in particular bone or meat, containing a conditionally-containing but form-containing constituents, in particular bone (K), in particular meat or fish, with a portioning module ( i) for cutting and depositing the discs (2) or portions, and a feed module (100) for preforming and feeding the material to be cut (3) to the portioning module (1), wherein the feed module (100) comprises: a forming tube (101) extending in the feed direction (10), the rear end of which is open through an inward opening Feed direction (10) in the form of tube (101) movable ram (102) is closed for preforming and Ver¬ pushing the material to be cut (3), characterized in that the forming tube (101) is formed in two parts with a laterally open Form¬ tubular groove ( 103) and transversely in its opening (103a) tightly insertable side punch (104), the forming tube (101), in particular its forming tube groove (103) has a Innen¬ contour, for receiving a material to be cut (3) with unterschiedli¬ cher cross-sectional size , is also suitable with different sized cross section of the bone (K), and in particular has an elongated cross section with strongly rounded corners. 28. The device according to claim 27, characterized in that the direction of movement of the side punch (104) obliquely to the longitudinal axis and / or transverse axis of the forming tube cavity (101a) and in particular the mold tube cavity (101a) is a parallelogram with at least two, insbe¬ special four rounded corners, of which at least one, in particular two adjacent rounded inner corners in the side punch (104) and at least one, in particular both other rounded inner corners in the forming tube groove (103) are formed and both the forming tube groove (103 ) as well as the side punch (104) each have parallel inner flanks or outer flanks, which run in the direction of one of the pairs of side lines of the parallelogram and are identical relative to one another and in particular with these. 29. Device according to one of the preceding device claims, characterized in that the Portioniermodul (1) comprises a portioning knife, which has both a Kno¬ chenmesser (4.1) or a bone saw and a meat knife (4.2) up. 30. Device according to one of the preceding device claims, characterized in that the bone knife (4.1) or the bone saw on the one hand and the meat knife (4.2) on the other hand work at the same longitudinal position and are in particular functionally unified, and in particular the functionally unified Portio¬ Niermesser (4) sickle-shaped or circular disk-shaped with toothing only over part of the outer contour is formed or rod-shaped or band-shaped with Verzah¬ tion as a bone knife (4.1) only in a part of the cutting edge. 31. Device according to one of the preceding device claims, characterized in that for severing the short bone (KK) and the long bone (KL) sepa¬ rate bone knife (4a1, 4a2), in particular in the form of rotating knives or saws, in particular with in Extending direction, toothed Au¬ ßenradius, are present. 32. Device according to one of the preceding device claims, characterized in that the bone knife (4.1) is a linearly movable saw, in particular a Band¬ saw or oscillating saw. 33. Device according to one of the preceding device claims, characterized in that a cleaning device (26) for removing the bone meal from the bone knife or the bone saw away from the mold cavity is arranged ange¬ such that the cleaning after each new immersion of the Knochenmes¬ sers or bone (4.1) can be done in the cut. 34. Device according to one of the preceding device claims, characterized in that when using rotating, separate bone knives (4a1, 4a2) for the two legs (KL) and (KS) of the bone they rotate about axes of rotation (44a, b), which correspond to the center of curvature of curvature of the respective bone legs (KL, KS), in particular of the meat-side, inner contour of these bone legs. 35. Device according to one of the preceding device claims, characterized in that the side punch (104) only defined transverse positions (105 a, b) relative to Forming tube groove (103) can approach and the feed module (100) comprises a plurality of movable in the feed direction pressing punch (102a, b) corresponding to the transverse positions (105a, b). 36. Device according to one of the preceding device claims, characterized in that the rotating bone knives (4.1) or (4a1, 4a2) are formed with respect to their rotation axis only as circular arc segment and can be stopped in a defined rotational position as a rest position. 37. Device according to one of the preceding device claims, characterized in that the meat knife (4.2) from the respect to the bone knife gegenüberliegen¬ the side of the material to be cut (3 a) penetrates into the material to be cut (3). 38. Device according to one of the preceding device claims, characterized in that the rotating bone knife (4.1) or (4a1, 4a2) are rotationally driven in both directions of rotation. 39. Device according to one of the preceding device claims, characterized in that with the bone cutter (4.1) or (4a1, 4a2) a force measuring device (28), in particular in the form of a current measuring device for the driving electric motor, is present, with the Control (20) of the machine is coupled. 40. Device according to one of the preceding device claims, characterized in that the pressing surface of the press ram (102) is equipped with vacuum outlets. 41. Device according to one of the preceding device claims, characterized in that the pressing die (102) holding devices are provided for positive engagement or intervention, in particular by means of staples or spikes, in the rear end of the material to be cut (3) against unwanted lifting of Schneidgu¬ tes (3) from the press ram (102) and the ram (102) against unwanted forward movement in the feed direction is securable. 42. Device according to one of the preceding device claims, characterized in that the side punch (104) only defined transverse positions (105 a, b ..) relative to the Form¬ tubular groove (103) can approach. (Weight Determination) 43. Device according to one of the preceding device claims, characterized in that the feed module (100) for determining the weight of the material to be cut (3) comprises an indirect weighing device, with the after the pressing of the material to be cut (3) assumed Längspo¬ position of the press ram ( 102a, b), an input unit (9) for inputting the genus of the material to be cut (3) and a computing unit, in particular as part of the controller (20) of the device in which the specific weights for one or more specific pressing pressures are stored, if applicable, for different genera, and from the above-mentioned factors on the volume of the material to be cut (3) whose total weight is calculated if necessary, sensors for determining selected form of pipe (101a, b ...) or transverse position of the side punch (104) and the press ram (102a, b ... ). 44. Device according to one of the preceding device claims, characterized in that the feed module (100) has a particularly integrated and / or automatically operating direct balance (107) for in the forming tube (101) to be introduced or imported cutting material (3) in particular Feed path includes, in particular integrated in the ram drive (108). (Feed direction) 45. Device according to one of the preceding device claims, characterized in that the Portioniermodul (1) above the feed module (100) is arranged and the feed direction (10) from bottom to top, in particular obliquely, runs. (Rotatable Portioning Plate) 46. Device according to one of the preceding device claims, characterized in that the portioning plate (5) comprises a plurality, in particular two, Portionier Kammem (7a, b), which ge introduced in the transverse direction in the feed path (10 ^' ) in the receiving position can be, and in a off the receiving position off Aus¬ stoßposition where the disc (2) can be ejected down on a transport device (50). 47. Device according to one of the preceding device claims, characterized in that the plurality of identical or different portioning chambers (7a, b) are part of a positioning turret (6) whose axis of rotation (101) is parallel to the feed direction (10). (Counterpunch) 48. Device according to one of the preceding device claims, characterized in that the bottom of the portioning chambers (7a and b) of a in and against the feed direction (10) displaceable counter punch (12a, b) is formed and ins¬ particular in several Portioning chambers (7a, b) in a portioning plate (5) the counter punch (12a, b) of the individual portioning chambers (7a, b) only in the receiving position, ie along the feed path (10 ^' ), from a counter ¬ stamp drive (13) can be acted upon. 49. Device according to one of the preceding device claims, characterized in that the portioning chamber (7a) corresponds in particular to the forming tube cavity (101a) with respect to the axial length and for receiving the entire starting material to be cut (3) in a portioning tube (7). 5) is formed and in particular with respect to the forming tube (101), z. B. Formrohrrinne (103) and side punch (104) and pressing die (102), analogously to the feed module (100), in particular iden¬ table with this, is constructed. 50. Device according to one of the preceding device claims, characterized in that the device comprises two pairings of a feed module (100) including the forming tube (101) and a Portioniermodules (1) with a Portionierrohr (5 '), which alternately from a cutting position ( S) for cutting the material to be cut on which the pressing punch and the counter punch drive are located. the, in an ejection position (A) outside the cutting position (S) spend, in particular transversely, leave. 51. Device according to one of the preceding device claims, characterized in that in the ejection position (A) an axial slide (109) is present, from the portioning tube (5), in particular after removal of the side punch from the portioning channel, the cut sliced ( 3) moved out in the axial direction. 52. Device according to one of the preceding device claims, characterized in that for the at least two pairs of feed model (100) and portioning module (1) only a common pair of side punches (104, 104 ') is present, which of the cutting position ( S) is assigned. 53. Device according to one of the preceding device claims, characterized in that the counter punch drive (13) works electrically, pneumatically mechanically (for example by means of a threaded spindle) and / or with spring preload in the feed direction (10). 54. Device according to one of the preceding device claims, characterized in that the counter punch (12a, b) is displaceable both by fractions of the nominal thickness (D) of a disc (2), as well as a multiple of the thickness (D) of a disc ( 2). 55. Device according to one of the preceding device claims, characterized in that the counter punch (12a, b) synchronously or counter-synchronously together with the ram (102) and / or synchronously with the movement of the portioning knife (4) is movable. (Portioning scales) 56. Device according to one of the preceding device claims, characterized in that in the transport device (50) in the ejection position a Portionierwaage (14) is arranged, which is coupled gekop¬ with the control (19) for the counter punch (12a, b). (Pressure measurement - portioning chamber) 57. Device according to one of the preceding device claims, characterized in that in the pressing surface of the counter punch (12a, b) at least one pressure sensor (15) is arranged or the pressure by force measurement on the counter punch drive (13) connected to the controller (20 ) for the counter punch (12a, b) is connected to keep constant on the cutting material (3) or the disc (2) wir¬ kenden pressure even during the penetration of the portioning knife (4). (Ejection technology) 58. Device according to one of the preceding device claims, characterized in that the counter punch (102) in the ejection position of the portioning chamber (7a, b ...) can be used as an ejector and in particular together with the behind the counter punch (12) lying part the portioning chamber (7a, b) forms a pressure chamber (16), which may be closed in a pressure-tight manner while maintaining an edge gap towards the edge of the portioning chamber or alternatively can be acted on with compressed air and / or negative pressure. 59. Device according to one of the preceding device claims, characterized in that the pressure chamber (16) of a from the back of the counter punch (12 a, b) abra¬ ing piston rod (17) is penetrated, the portioning plate (5) on the Rear side for connection with the counter punch drive (13) penetrates. 60. Device according to one of the preceding device claims, characterized in that the control (20) for the portioning turret (6) and / or the counter punch (12a, b) with the valves (18a, b) for opening or closing the Venting lines or compressed air or vacuum lines is connected. 61. Device according to one of the preceding device claims, characterized in that the counter punch (12a, b) is formed in several parts with a stop member (19) and in the opposite direction displaceably mounted counter punch (12). 62. Device according to one of the preceding device claims, characterized in that the stamp plate (12 ') by air openings (8a) is penetrated, which are open in the zu¬ retracted rest position of the stop member (19) relative to the pressing plate (12 ^' ). (Cocked knife) 63. Device according to one of the preceding device claims, characterized in that the portioning knife (4) is stretched in its extension direction, in particular between the ends of a stable U-shaped knife bracket (24) is tensioned with adjustable bias and the portioning Knife (4) is designed much thinner than self-stable shaping as a cutting blade without Frame, in particular only with a thickness of 0.2 mm to 0.5 mm is formed. 64. Device according to one of the preceding device claims, characterized in that the device has a plurality of cutting plates (25a, b) whose cross-section of the cavities (25a) vary according to the existing forms of the press stamp (102a, b). (Pressure / volume control in portioning chamber) 65. Device according to one of the preceding device claims, characterized in that the mold cavity (101), in particular by the press ram (102) and / or the pre-pressing plate (22) through, vacuum connections and insbesonde¬ re the device no portioning chamber (7 a ...). (Vorpressplatte) 66. Device according to at least the preamble of one of the vorhergehen¬ claims, characterized in that between the feed module (100) and the Portioniermodul (1) transversely in the feed path (10 ^' ) einbringbare, the mold cavity (101a) closing, in particular tightly closing, pre-pressing plate (22) is inserted and in particular between the portioning knife (4) and the pre-pressing (22) at least one transverse knife gate (23a, b), in particular immediately behind the pre-pressing (22), is available. 67. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one knife gate (23a, b) and the pre-pressing plate (22) in an insert (25) are guided, the cavity (25a) open on both sides and cursory The front end of the mold cavity (101a) tightly connects to the portioning chamber (7a, b) which adjoins the feed path (10 ^' ). 68. Device according to one of the preceding device claim, characterized in that waiving the pre-pressing plate (22) of the counter punch (12) from the free end face forth lattice-shaped notches corresponding to the knife gate (23a, b) to the foremost cutting edge of the knife gate (23) between the knives can be advanced. 69. Device according to one of the preceding device claims, characterized in that the forming tube cavity (101) has the shape of a parallelogram, insbesonde¬ re with rounded corners, wherein one side of the parallelogram is formed by the front surface of the counter punch and the Verschie¬ Report parallel to the direction of the two adjacent sides of the Paral¬ lelogramms runs, and in the presence of the knife gate (23a, b), the course direction of Mes¬ ser parallel to the directions of the sides of the parallelogram.