WO2006027478A2 - Procédé de localisation d'un objet mobile et dispositifs d'entrée de données utilisant ce procédé - Google Patents
Procédé de localisation d'un objet mobile et dispositifs d'entrée de données utilisant ce procédé Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2006027478A2 WO2006027478A2 PCT/FR2005/002174 FR2005002174W WO2006027478A2 WO 2006027478 A2 WO2006027478 A2 WO 2006027478A2 FR 2005002174 W FR2005002174 W FR 2005002174W WO 2006027478 A2 WO2006027478 A2 WO 2006027478A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- pointer
- radio
- base unit
- relay
- signals
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
- G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
- G06F3/046—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by electromagnetic means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
- G01S5/02—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
- G01S5/0284—Relative positioning
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
- G01S5/02—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
- G01S5/06—Position of source determined by co-ordinating a plurality of position lines defined by path-difference measurements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
- G01S5/02—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
- G01S5/10—Position of receiver fixed by co-ordinating a plurality of position lines defined by path-difference measurements, e.g. omega or decca systems
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
- G06F3/033—Pointing devices displaced or positioned by the user, e.g. mice, trackballs, pens or joysticks; Accessories therefor
- G06F3/0354—Pointing devices displaced or positioned by the user, e.g. mice, trackballs, pens or joysticks; Accessories therefor with detection of two-dimensional [2D] relative movements between the device, or an operating part thereof, and a plane or surface, e.g. 2D mice, trackballs, pens or pucks
- G06F3/03545—Pens or stylus
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B21/00—Teaching, or communicating with, the blind, deaf or mute
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for locating a moving object or pointer for entering data or coordinates in a data processing system such as a computer, a PDA ("Persal Digital Assistant") or electronic diary, an electronic terminal or a telecommunication terminal such as a mobile phone, in particular, and data entry devices or coordinates in such a system.
- a data processing system such as a computer, a PDA ("Persal Digital Assistant") or electronic diary, an electronic terminal or a telecommunication terminal such as a mobile phone, in particular, and data entry devices or coordinates in such a system.
- the technical field of the invention is that of the manufacture of electronic data entry and coordinate terminals. It is known to introduce (or enter) data or coordinates in an electronic device such as a computer using a tablet, in particular a graphic or tactile tablet, or a mouse. A disadvantage of these tablets is their large size; A disadvantage of mice is that they require a flat, clean surface on which they can be moved. Another disadvantage of these input terminals results from the presence of a cable connecting the computer to the mouse or tablet to carry electrical signals. It has furthermore been described in the international application WO 02/25577 a tracking system for the displacement of a wireless writing device comprising an omni directional ultrasonic transmitter with a low acoustic independence; this transmitter comprises a base and a matrix of electric piezo bars.
- This system further comprises a receiver provided with two ultrasonic sensors and connected to a computer.
- RF radio frequency
- a major disadvantage of ultrasound systems is the need for a high capacity power source to power the transducers, the low range in the transducer air, and their marked directionality.
- Another disadvantage of the coordinate input terminals in an electronic data processing system is that they do not make it possible to determine the coordinates of a pointer in a reference or three-dimensional space.
- An object of the invention is to provide a wireless mobile tool for writing, drawing, designating, remotely controlling or pointing, in cooperation with a data processing unit sensitive to the coordinates of this tool.
- An object of the invention is to provide a method and a device for remote location of a pointer such as a stylus that is compact, low energy consumption, and whose accuracy is sufficient.
- An object of the invention is to provide a method and coordinate input devices in an electronic data processing system which are improved and / or which remedy, at least in part, the disadvantages of known methods and devices of introduction of coordinates.
- a data input system in particular coordinates
- an electronic device such as a telecommunication terminal or a computer system, which comprises:
- At least one base unit comprising a first oscillator and / or clock and a first and a second radio-transceiver, at least one pointer comprising a second oscillator and / or clock and a third radio transceiver, the three radio transceivers being arranged to transmit and receive (exchange) modulated radio signals at at least one common carrier frequency, as well as unmodulated radio signals.
- the base unit preferably comprises means for locating the antenna of the transceiver of the pointer relative to the antennas of the two transceivers of the base unit, as well as means for synchronizing the first and second second oscillators or clocks; said exchanged radio signals allow the location of the pointer and the transmission of data, in particular the transmission of a state data of a switch fitted to the pointer; and the base unit is provided with connecting means - for example wired connection means - with said electronic apparatus, adapted to transmit phase shift data between the radio signals received from the pointer by the two transceivers of the base unit, and to enable it to compute coordinates of the pointer in a frame linked to the base unit from the phase shift data; alternatively, the coordinates of the pointer are determined by a calculation unit integrated into the unit of base, and said connecting means are provided for transmitting the coordinates thus calculated to the electronic device.
- a system for inputting data (in particular coordinates) into an electronic device such as a telecommunication terminal or a computer system, which comprises:
- At least one first relay or base unit comprising a first oscillator and / or clock and a first radio transceiver
- At least one second relay or base unit comprising a second oscillator and / or clock and a second radio transceiver
- At least one pointer comprising a third oscillator and / or clock as well as a third radio transceiver
- the three radio transceivers being designed to transmit and receive (exchange) modulated radio signals at at least one common carrier frequency, as well as unmodulated radio signals.
- the pointer comprises means for locating the antenna of the transceiver of the pointer (its antenna) relative to the antennas of the two transceivers of the base units; said exchanged radio signals allow the location of the pointer and the transmission of data to the electronic apparatus, in particular the transmission of a state data of a switch fitted to the pointer; and the pointer is provided with connection means - preferably RF link - with said electronic apparatus; the coordinates of the pointer are determined by a calculation unit integrated in the pointer, and said connecting means are provided for transmitting the coordinates thus calculated to the electronic apparatus; in addition, the pointer may have means for recognizing, interpreting and coding the calculated coordinates and transmitting, by said connecting means, the codes thus calculated to the electronic apparatus.
- a device for entering data or coordinates in an electronic device using a mobile object or pointer comprising means for exchanging radioelectric location signals. and data with a base unit connected (or integrated) to the electronic apparatus, or with a fixed relay, as well as means for exchanging data radio signals with the base unit or the electronic apparatus.
- pre-location or approximate location a first location of the pointer relative to at least one base or relay by exchanging first radio signals between the pointer and the base or relay and according to a first precision
- At least one second pointer location is then carried out with respect to this base or relay by exchange of second radio signals between the pointer and the base or relay, according to a second precision which is better than the first precision.
- the base connected to the electronic device may comprise at least two radio transceivers (called transducers) while the pointer comprises at least one such transducer; alternatively, two fixed relays each having a radio transducer are used, the two relays being separated by a predetermined distance.
- a third pointer location operation may be performed following the second, in a third precision which is better than the second precision.
- said first and second radio signals comprise one or more pulses or periods of a carrier wave whose frequency is adapted to the dimensions of the area in which the location of the pointer is sought; advantageously, this frequency is at least equal to 1 MHz, preferably in a range from 10 MHz to 100 GHz, in particular in a range from 100 MHz to 10 GHz.
- the second accuracy is less than or equal to 2 meters, in particular less than or equal to 10 -3 meters, the first accuracy may be of the order of 100 times the second precision.
- a carrier frequency corresponding to a wavelength adapted to the dimensions of the location uncertainty zone according to the first location operation is used, and the respective phases of two pulses respectively received by the two transducers of the base in response to a pulse emitted by the pointer, to locate more precisely the pointer within said area of uncertainty of location; preferably, the wavelength ⁇ , 2 corresponding to this carrier frequency is little greater than twice a radial dimension ERRMAX of said uncertainty zone: ⁇ 2 ⁇ ⁇ 2 x ERRMAX
- radio frequencies are used to locate a moving pointer (movable) with respect to at least two radio antennas (and / or transducers) integral with a base (and / or fixed with respect thereto) connected to an electronic system, as well as for transmitting at least one piece of data, such as a state data item of a member such as a switch fitted to the pointer, from the pointer to the base and / or vice versa, the location
- a first mode of pre-localization of the pointer one operates in a manner identical to that defined above for the localization of precision ion, by comparing the phase of two radio signals received by two transducers integrated or connected to the base and corresponding to the transmission by the pointer of a pulse - or of a pulse train - according to a first carrier frequency lower than the second carrier frequency used subsequently for the precision localization, that is to say of wavelength ⁇ i greater than the wavelength ⁇ 2 defined above.
- the pointer is approximately located by measuring the radio wave phase differences received by at least three antennas of fixed transducers and / or integrated to the base ("hyperbolic" method).
- the pointer is located approximately by measuring the attenuation of at least one radio pulse transmitted from the pointer to at least two fixed and / or integrated transducers at the base.
- the pointer is located approximately by calculating the flight time of a radio pulse - or a pulse train - between the pointer and each transducer fixed and / or integrated with the base.
- the determination of the coordinates of the pointer, in a two-dimensional (2D) or three-dimensional (3D) reference linked to the base includes triangulation calculations.
- the pointer is located approximately by satellite; for this purpose, the pointer may comprise a GPS receiver.
- the system according to the invention may or may not comprise means for synchronizing an oscillator equipping the pointer and / or a radio transducer separated from the base or relay and serving to produce a carrier signal, with an oscillator equipping said base or relay and also serving to produce a carrier signal, for the comparison of the phases of the exchanged radio signals.
- the base or the pointer may comprise a phase comparator for comparing the respective phases of the oscillator signal of the moving pointer and the oscillator signal of the base; thus, when a phase shift is noted, a controller integrated in the base or the pointer - such as a microcontroller - can control the synchronization of the oscillator "slave" Ia 1 base with the oscillator "master” pointer.
- each of these oscillators comprises a phase lock loop (PLL), which makes it possible to obtain a very stable carrier signal.
- PLL phase lock loop
- a method of locating a mobile pointer by transmitting radio signals with a fixed or transportable base in which a series of several radio signal transmissions is carried out, a comparison is made. phase of signals received by the base at each transmission of radio signals, and an average phase difference is determined from the series of phase differences respectively determined for each transmission of the series of transmissions; this makes it possible to obtain a better accuracy of the location.
- each radio transducer of the system is partially shielded to focus transmitted and received radiation on a small antenna portion, to reduce the measurement uncertainty of the pointer coordinates from the signals exchanged between the transducers; preferably, in addition, each transducer comprises a tuning circuit for tuning the signals to be transmitted to the geometry of the antenna and to the shielding.
- the system according to the invention can consist essentially of a base with two transducers and an associated pointer, as described herein; however, the system according to the invention may further comprise a third transducer fixed and / or integrated to the base, for:
- i) allow a location in a two-dimensional mark that is more accurate than two transducers only; (ii) allow localization by the aforementioned hyperbolic method in a two-dimensional landmark; iii) allow pointer location (by a method other than hyperbolic) in a three-dimensional coordinate system.
- the system comprises a radio transducer separated from the base, which can communicate with this base (for example by radio signals) and exchange with the pointer radio signals used for the localization thereof.
- this separate radio transducer is integrated in a relay forming part of the system, this relay comprising mechanical reversible fixing means to a support, allowing to immobilize during its use in collaboration with a base and a pointer; preferably, this relay further comprises a relay motion detector which is connected to a relay control circuit, capable of transmitting to a control circuit of the base, a data item indicative of a movement of the relay; in such a circumstance, a control circuit of the base or the pointer can warn the user by an alarm signal, to warn him that, because of the displacement of the relay with respect to a previously determined reference position, transmissions with the pointer are disturbed and can not be used to locate it.
- the system according to the invention may consist essentially of two such relays and the moving pointer.
- the pointer or stylus is equipped with two radio transducers and an emitter of a lightly diverging light beam such as a laser beam;
- the pointer has an elongate shape along a longitudinal axis;
- the antennas of the radio transducers are spaced along this axis, in particular located at the two opposite longitudinal ends of the pointer, and the light emitter produces said beam substantially along this longitudinal axis.
- the dimensions of the area within which the location may be performed depend in particular on the frequencies used; preferably, each of the two or three dimensions of this zone is in a range from 0.1 meter to 1 meter, 10 meters or 100 meters.
- the invention makes it possible to produce a simple and accurate localization product that can be associated with fixed or portable computers, PDAs or telephone terminals.
- the invention makes it possible to precisely locate a pointer that can be materialized by a stylus for writing, designating, drawing or pointing; the invention may especially be associated with electronic signature and / or handwriting recognition authentication means.
- the invention makes it possible to propose a pointing tool for surveyors, architects, masons, farmers, an electronic chalk board allowing a course to be transmitted in real time on a school computer by a radio link (wireless or usb "wireless"), a distance measuring device, a long-range electronic stylus, a game interface, a device for finding a lost object such as a mobile phone.
- a radio link wireless or usb "wireless”
- a distance measuring device a long-range electronic stylus
- game interface a device for finding a lost object such as a mobile phone.
- FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a system according to the invention which incorporates a base unit, a remote relay terminal and a pointer in the form of a pen.
- FIG. 2 schematically illustrates an uncertainty zone surrounding the position of the radio antenna of a pointer and corresponding to the uncertainty of the location of this pointer by an approximate location operation by measuring the flight time between the pointer and two antennas respectively equipping two transceivers of a base unit of a system according to the invention.
- Fig. 3 is a block diagram illustrating the arrangement of the main components of a pointer of a system according to the invention.
- Fig. 4 is a block diagram illustrating the arrangement of the main components of a base unit. of a system according to the invention; in this figure, only one lia of the two transducers 11a, 11b of the base has been shown, so as not to impair the intelligibility of the figure
- FIG. 5 is a simplified timing diagram illustrating exchanges of radio signals between two transducers of a system according to the invention, respectively equipping a pen / stylus and a base or interface.
- the system comprises essentially a base or interface 10, I, as well as a pointer or stylet 14.
- the base is connected by a wired link 20 to a computer 21;
- the base e comprises two identical radio transceivers 11a and 11b so that an eye 22 shaped to receive and / or apply against a portion of the stylet, to allow temporary isolation at the bottom e.
- the base comprises an electrical connector (or pin) 16; the base c comprises a control and calculation circuit 17 which is connected on the one hand to each of the transducers 11a and 11b, and on the other hand to the connector 16 to allow the connection of this circuit with the integrated circuits to the stylus to synchronize the stylus oscillator with a master oscillator bone that is part of the bottom e.
- Each of the transducers comprises a radio antenna 12a, 12b.
- the stylet 14 comprises a radio transducer 11 of identical structure or similar to that of the transducers of the base e, and a module 22 for controlling the transducer links to which it is connected; the module 22 and the transducer lie are powered by a battery 23 integrated in the stylus; the transducer lie is connected to a radio antenna 12c identical or similar to the antennas 12a, 12b of the transducers of the base; the stylet further comprises a button 24 for actuating a switch (FIG.
- the state of this switch is data which can be transmitted to the computer 21 via the base 10 and the radio signals 31 exchanged by the stylus and the base e, for example to distinguish two distinct modes of use of the stylus such as a "drawing" mode and a "moving s ans dess in” mode.
- a change of state of such a switch can be controlled by a signal which is known from a sensor that is sensitive to the force exerted by a point integrated in the pointer under the action of the pressure exerted on it. by the carrier of the pointer on a writing surface extending near the base e and / or relays.
- the body 14a of the stylet enclosing the organs lie, 22, 23, as well as a portion of the antenna 12c have coated with an electromagnetic shield 14b.
- 1 further comprises a relay 30 enclosing a radio transceiver Hd and an antenna 12d connected to the transducer Hd; the relay 30 resting on a support 31, at a distance from the base 10, I, with which radio signals 31 are exchanged; alternatively, the transducer
- Hd of the relay 30 may be connected to the circuit 17 of the base by an infrared or wired connection 33 for example, to transmit to the circuit 17 signals or data representative of the signals or data exchanged with the stylus; the relay 30 exchanges radio signals 31 with the stylus 14, as do each of the transducers of the base.
- the electronic structure of the relay 30 is identical or similar to those of the transducers of the base which are described below.
- the relay 30 is temporarily fixed to the support 31 by connecting means 32 such as an adhesive or a magnet for example; a movement and / or shock sensor (34) is integrated in the relay; the signals delivered by this detector are transmitted by the connecting means mentioned above to the circuit 17 of the base, in order to neutralize the signals or data transmitted by this relay when a movement thereof is detected.
- each of the transducers 11a and 11c comprises a transmission chain and a reception chain.
- Each transmission system comprises, successively connected in series, in the following order: an amplifier 40, a filter 41, a circuit E4 amplification and filtering band-pass (narrow) output, and an El circuit agree adapted to the antenna 12a,
- This transmitting / receiving antenna is non-directional and vertical; the length of its unshielded portion is adjusted to increase reception accuracy, avoid echo reception, and allow better sensitivity to vertically polarized waves than echoes (whose polarization plane changes with each reflection).
- Each reception chain comprises, sequentially connected in series, in the following order: a channel selector E6 programmable by a micro-controller E24 as a function of the radio transmission channel chosen, a filter E5 passes narrow input band which is tunable on the channel transmitted by E6, and a high quality class E7 amplifier E7 which is tunable to the selected channel.
- each transducer of the base furthermore comprises a threshold comparator E8 receiving the signals delivered by E7 and making it possible to eliminate the signals that are too weak and which indicate either an interference or an echo, a distance too large pen and a need to use closer transducers to triangulate, and an amplifier E9 automatic gain control to change the amplitude of the signal to adapt to the tolerances of a comparator phase E 10 receiving the signals delivered by E9.
- the signals delivered by the amplifier E7 of the pointer 14 are transmitted to the control circuit E24 via a demodulator E16 and a decoder E 19.
- an encoder circuit E 18 performs the channel coding , the formatting of data received from the controller E24 and the addition of flags before possible modulation by a modulator E 17 of the signal delivered by a PLL loop and its delivery to the input of the amplifier 40.
- the demodulator E 16 demodulates the signal received from the amplifier E7, E9 in the data transmission phases or flags, out of the localization phases by measuring a phase shift.
- the control circuit 22 for controlling the stylus 14 comprises, in addition to a microcontroller E24, a voltage controlled quartz oscillator E 12, a PLL loop E 13 set to a frequency multiple of that of the oscillator E12, which provides the carrier, a channel selectable tunable frequency circuit PLL / N and a frequency divider E22 serving as a reference to the clock E23 of the microcontroller E24.
- a microcontroller E24 a voltage controlled quartz oscillator E 12
- PLL loop E 13 set to a frequency multiple of that of the oscillator E12, which provides the carrier
- PLL / N a channel selectable tunable frequency circuit
- a frequency divider E22 serving as a reference to the clock E23 of the microcontroller E24.
- phase comparator E25 also connected to the master PLL loop E 13 of the circuit 17 command of the base; a contact (not shown) activated when the stylus is temporarily secured to the base via this receptacle, causes a measurement of the drift of the PLL E 13 of the stylus relative to the master PLL of the base, which is transmitted to the controller E24 via an analog digital converter E26. A synchronization of the PLL E 13 of the stylus is then performed and verified using the comparator E25.
- the control circuit 17 integrated in the base 10 comprises the phase comparator E 10 for performing a distance measurement by phase shift measurement in the second location operation mentioned above; during the approximate location operation, this comparator can be used to detect the presence of an echo (out of phase): the signal delivered by ElO is transmitted to the controller E24 via an analog digital converter E14 of the circuit 17
- the circuit 17 also comprises an E27 digital analog converter controlled by E24; during a connection of the pen circuits to the pin E3, 16 of the circuit 17, after controlling the synchronization of the oscillator of the stylus with the master oscillator E 13, the microcontroller E24 can control the synchronization of the oscillators by the intermediate of the E27 converter.
- the control of the channel to be selected in reception is performed by E24 which controls a PLL loop E 15 set on the loop E 13 and programmable return, by shifting the frequency of E15.
- a channel selector E29 controlled by the controller E24, applies one of its two inputs to the phase comparator ElO: either the signal of the master loop E 13, or a signal delivered by a loop E Il used as summator; this makes it possible to choose the signal to which the signal received from the pointer will be compared and applied to the comparator ElO by the reception channel of the transducer.
- the circuit 17 furthermore comprises a voltage controlled oscillator (VCXO) E28 which is used to cause summation in the PLL E II of successive phase shifts of a train of waves received from the pointer, in order to improve the accuracy of the measurement by determining an average phase shift; for this purpose, the micro-controller E24 selects (by E29) the output of E Il as a reference signal for E 10, and drives the digital-analog converter E30; the latter applies the corresponding data to E28 until the converter E 14 indicates a significant phase shift of the phase identity of the stylus oscillator with E Il which is keyed on E28.
- VXO voltage controlled oscillator
- the circuit 17 also comprises a PLL / N programmable frequency loop which receives transmit channel number data from E24, and which receives the reference signal from E 13.
- the controller E24 selects, by a channel selector E20, the transmitted signal to the modulator E17: either the input of E20 receiving the signal delivered by E II if it is desired to accumulate phase shifts, or that delivered by the PLL / N loop with tunable frequency.
- a counter E21 receives the reference signal delivered by E13; for measuring the flight time of a radio wave between the stylus and the base, this counter records the cumulative time set for exchanging a predetermined number of pulses; the accumulated duration is delivered to the controller E24 and the counter E21 is reset.
- the approximate location of the antenna 12c of the pointer in a reference frame linked to the base can be carried out by measuring the flight time of a radio wave exchanged with the antennas 12a and 12b of the transducers of FIG. the base.
- the measurement of the flight time between the antenna 12c and the antenna 12a makes it possible to determine a radius Ra corresponding to the distance of the antenna 12c estimated as a function of this flight time; this measurement being tainted by an ERRA error, makes it possible to establish that the antenna 12c is situated inside a circular crown CCA of radius Ra, centered on the antenna 12a, and of width equal to twice the error ERRA.
- the measurement of the flight time between the antenna 12c and the antenna 12b makes it possible to establish that the antenna 12c is situated inside a circular ring CCB of radius Rb, centered on the 12b antenna and width equal to twice the error ERRB tainting the measurement Rb.
- the uncertainty zone ZI locating the antenna 12c with respect to the antennas 12a and 12b corresponds to the intersection of these two rings; this zone, which has a form of curvilinear quadrilateral, is illustrated in broken lines; its largest radial dimension ERRMAX is used to choose the wavelength to be used to refine the localization by comparing phases of radio waves emitted by the antenna 12c and received by the antennas 12a and 12b.
- the base unit 10 of the system also called interface I, thus comprises two terminals or transducers 11a, 11b radio electric each having a small antenna 12a, 12b; alternatively, the base 10 may have 3 or 4 transducers (or more) to increase the accuracy, and depending on the type of location desired (2D or 3D).
- An object locating system is described in the following in a 2D coordinate system, but a similar system equipped with an additional terminal not aligned with the preceding ones makes it possible to perform a 3D localization.
- reference is later to a stylus but the invention can be applied to small moving objects (such as labels) to be located precisely.
- the stylus 14 has a clock 15 clocked at P MHz (for example about 200 or 400 MHz) and set on the clock E23 of the interface I. A registration of the pen clock on that of the interface is performed each time the stylus is placed on the support 22 provided on the interface; To this end, in this configuration of temporarily securing the stylus and the base e, a pin 16 of the base e, which is connected to the integrated control circuit 17 at the bottom I, is in contact with a pin 18 of the stylus which is connected to the control circuit 22 integrated in the stylus.
- P MHz for example about 200 or 400 MHz
- the total duration Dt measured by the counter can be expressed by the equation:
- Dt 2N. (Cd / c) + 2N .ed + 2N .ea + elck + efck + 2 (N-I).
- lagt + 2N. last or Do are the distance to be measured, c, the celerity of the light, ed, the mean temporal error at the time of sampling, and the mean temporal error at the reception of the sampling, elck, the timing error at launch, which is less than 1 / P Mhz and which is rendered very low by a previous synchronization of the clocks, efck, the final timing error which is likewise less than 1 / P Mhz , lagt, which is the waiting time c between two pulses and last, which is the constant duration of an impulse.
- the distance D between the two antennas respectively associated with the transducers considered is deduced from the preceding equation.
- the eDo error on the distance Do referring to: eDo ⁇ c. (ed + ea + (efck + elck) / 2n) which tends to c (ed + ea) when N increases.
- the distance traveled by the signal between the stylus and the terminal 11a is thus calculated, knowing in advance the constant waiting time LAGT between two impulses and the constant duration LAST of a pulse.
- the approximate position (xt, yt) of the stylus is then calculated using a triangulation method. ERRMAX uncertainty on the measurement, which may be of the order of a few tens of centimeters, may be too high for the desired application.
- the precision is improved by taking into account the phase shift of another radio signal emitted by the stylus, with a reference.
- the stylus has a PLL E 13S (e phase lock loop); the interface has a main PLL E 13M (or "master” PLL) and possibly more PLLs "claves" connected to the main PLL. If necessary, the phase lock loop e can be replaced by an equivalent or superior system with respect to stability and accuracy of oscillations.
- the stylus has its PLL in phase with the PLL (s) of the interface I.
- the PLL of the stylus is re-phased on the PLL of the interface I to each time for example that the stylus is placed on its support incorporated in the interface.
- the stylus emits a radio pulse; terminals 11a and 11b receive this unmodulated radio signal with phase shifts ( ⁇ a and ⁇ b respectively) proportional to their distance to the stylus.
- We chose the wavelength X 2 of this radio signal such that ⁇ 2> 2 * ERRMAX, ERRMAX being the maximum measurement error determining the radius of the circle or the sphere (in 3D) of uncertainty of the measurement carried out in the first place.
- the stylus emits a synchronized signal and the terminal Bj receives a wave corresponding to this emission, and calculates a phase shift with its synchronized PLL signal.
- the interface I expects, on the basis of a preliminary estimate, a phase shift equal to R * 2 * 7C.
- a calculator integrated in the interface I or transferred to another microprocessor computing unit once in possession of the expected phase shift ⁇ and measured f and knowing X 2, determines the direction and the length of the error of the first measurement, which then allows to calculate for each terminal the distance to the stylus more precisely.
- the condition on the second wavelength mentioned above ( ⁇ .2> 2 * ERRMAX) is necessary for the validity of the distance measurement; the wavelength X 2 is increased inversely proportionally, in the case where the technique used does not allow a measurement over 360 °.
- This wavelength X 2 must exceed 2 * E RRMAX by at least twice the maximum error that can be made on the. phase shift, during the first location operation.
- sine and cosine output phase comparators are used, which allow measurement over 360 °.
- phase comparator ElO needs to input signals of similar amplitudes, the accuracy is improved by the use of an automatic gain amplifier E9.
- a slave PLL EI1 of the interface is pre-synchronized to the expected phase shift f and the phase comparator ElO uses the reference signal as the reference signal.
- the stylus is not previously synchronized on the clocks and PLL of the interface; the stylus may not have a clock.
- a pulse from the interface is then used and the stylus is instructed to return a feedback pulse, which in turn is received by the interface and so on.
- the interface can after Lagi delay, restart the round trip process and so on N times.
- the knowledge of Lags and Lagi, either by construction or by transmission, will then allow ⁇ C to deduce Tv. In this system, the accuracy will be very good, if P (the frequency of the clock of the interface) and N (the number of transmissions of the signal). The remainder of the process will proceed as in the previous embodiment with respect to the initial estimation of flight time positioning.
- the expected phase shift is equal to the sum of R * ⁇ a / 2 "" TC (as in the previous case) and ⁇ sync (which results from the synchronization delay dt). ⁇ sync is equal to ⁇ '(with errors).
- the system without synchronization thus returns to a synchronized system with at the level of the return to the terminal Bi an expected phase shift of 2 ⁇ and a real phase shift of 2 ⁇ ', allowing as previously to calculate the overestimation or the underestimation of the distance, provided that ⁇ 2> 4 * ERRMAX, instead of 2 * ERRMAX in the case with synchronization.
- the above technique has the advantage of dividing the relative phase comparison error by 2, the measurement applying to 2 ⁇ 'instead of ⁇ ' in the synchronized version.
- a wavelength ⁇ 1 is then used at least twice as long as in the first embodiment.
- This technique can also be used to reset the synchronized mode from time to time by calculating the difference between this mode and the desynchronized mode on a stylus position: this allows, when this difference exceeds a certain level, to activate an alarm and generate a phasing from the gap analysis.
- the terminals Bj of the interface are provided with a phase difference summation system (Ssdp).
- ⁇ ' from which one draws ⁇ ' with a better precision because ⁇ t "error of the phase comparator whose other input is obviously connected on the main PLL (E 13M) of the interface which had a zero offset with the PLLeBj at the first broadcast.
- Another precision phase summoner may also be suitable.
- the second embodiment and its variants is quite appropriate if one wishes to integrate the main computing unit with the stylus and simplify the interface or base. In this configuration, each of these two bases must also have synchronization means in phase and frequency of its oscillator on the received signal.
- the stylus can process the signal only one base at a time, it can provide sequential management by the stylus working times of each of these bases. This can be done through a "token ring" order issued by the RF stylus to the chosen base.
- the interface knowing precisely the position of the support and thus Do, can easily deduce LAGT, LAST and N;
- these data are provided by RF protocol in the case of pens capable of digitally modulating the carrier and demodulate back.
- RF protocol in the case of pens capable of digitally modulating the carrier and demodulate back.
- a stylus with two antennas located at each end allows in particular to determine the coordinates of a vector, and therefore a pointing direction; such a pointer, associated or not with a laser beam, makes it possible to remotely control an object and can serve as an interface with a computer system.
- the locating method can then include the following operations:
- the stylus sends a first digitally modulated RF pulse with the data N, LAST and LAGT;
- the interface and the stylus (s) must have multiple channel management systems and be configured not to transmit data during phase shift measurement phases that require a "clean" RF environment. Radio exchange management with "token ring" styli is applicable; other variants may involve centralization at the interface that acts as a "server", the stylets being "users".
- only the technique of the first (approximate) measurement of the position of the stylus is different, the method of improving the accuracy being in accordance with one of the solutions set forth above in the first two embodiments.
- phase shift measurement technique for coarse localization, a phase shift measurement technique is used at appropriate wavelengths:
- the stylus which has a PLL (phase locked loop) in phase with the PLL of the interface (I), emits a radio pulse; the terminals receive this unmodulated radio signal with phase shifts relative to their PLLs, which are proportional to their distance from the stylus.
- the wavelength of the signal is chosen according to the desired maximum range (Pmax) of location; the calculator of the interface (I) calculates the distances separating each terminal of the stylus and then calculates the position (xt, yt) of the stylus in a reference linked to the terminals, using a conventional triangulation method, from the results given by phase comparators.
- the wavelength ⁇ i must be greater than P max to make it possible to identify the position without ambiguity.
- This constraint can be suppressed by adding to one of the terminals of the interface, a threshold comparator, in order to gauge the level of the received RF signal (which is approximately reduced with the square of the distance), and to determine at what ripple the measured phase shift belongs.
- a threshold comparator in order to gauge the level of the received RF signal (which is approximately reduced with the square of the distance), and to determine at what ripple the measured phase shift belongs.
- This embodiment due to the need for prior synchronization, may be suitable for the initial distance estimation of the first embodiment.
- the pen PLL can be re-phased on the PLLs of the I interface each time the stylus is placed on its holder and is in direct contact with the base circuits.
- a "hyperbolic" method is used for rough estimation of the position.
- the stylus is located firstly by using the flight time difference of the stylus RF signal at at least three terminals to calculate the distance differences proportionally.
- the position of the stylus is then determined by hyperbola intersection calculations.
- the differences in the distance between the stylus and the different terminals are measured by calculation of the phase shift of the R.F. signal:
- the stylus emits a radio pulse; the terminals receive this unmodulated radio signal with phase shifts ( ⁇ ) proportional to their distance from the stylus; in choosing the wavelength of the signal ( ⁇ ), judiciously with respect to
- the coarse position of the stylus is determined by satellite (GPS for example).
- GPS for example
- a wavelength greater than one meter can then be used for a first refining according to the refining modes mentioned above, followed by a shorter wavelength for a fine calculation.
- the found coordinates can be integrated directly into the global geodetic system. This process requires the presence of a GPS receiver in the stylus.
- the stylus is placed on its support (on the interface) and generates a first position that is stored in memory and that is that of the interface in global coordinates. Then, in use, the GPS coordinates transmitted in RF by the stylus, are compared with those of the interface in memory to deduce the position of the stylus relative to the interface.
- the systematic error or measurement bias can be finely evaluated by placing the stylus on its support, the terminal distances of which are precisely known, and by making a large number of times the calculation of distance; a statistical characteristic characteristic of the error (phase or time of flight) can be integrated in the memory of the controller E24 or the computer 21 to refine the calculations during normal use. Unmodulated carriers are filtered at the reception to minimize the risk of interference.
- the interface can, before proceeding with radio location exchanges, scan several adjacent channels in reception, determine the channel or least scrambled channels, and inform the (or) stylet (s) of the channel to be used to transmit the carrier used for radio exchanges.
- the modulated carriers may use amplitude, frequency, phase, or "QPSK” or other type, phase and amplitude modulations at a time.
- the modulations respect the authorized bandwidths and, according to the modes of modulation, the Carson bands, the "Nyquist-Shannon” sampling criteria, the Hartley-Shannon law, among others.
- Transmissions between the interface (s), additional terminals and computers, can use the WIFI standards, the USB standards Wireless, standards I Rd a, RS232, see a communication by modem and mobile phone.
- the antennas have been maximized while being tuned (especially on the broadcast) by tuning circuit, to allow for the most localized radiation and radiation input, the rest of the equipment (stylus and interface) being shielded to limit interference.
- the power supply of the stylet can be not s ive, by capturing the energy of the incident wave or a specially emitted RF wave e by a specific antenna of the interface or a remote antenna; it can also be performed by batteries (rechargeable or not) or solar cells.
- the power supply of the interface and terminals can be done through a computer port, by batteries, solar cells, or cord.
- Accuracy can be increased by adding an ultrasound emitter to the interfaces and an ultrasound receiver to the stylus, or vice versa, to greatly refine the accuracy at a distance by a flight time calculation. times the radio wave accuracy limit reached.
- the measurement of the flight time can be done according to the same mode of operation as in radio wave, provided that the stylet does not move or moves very little, the flight time of the sore wave being considerable compared to waves radio.
- the used ation of a pointer pen comprising two radio transducers' overcomes the imprecision iduelle res (metric) used in ant of a suitably sized stylet: the precise angular ion increases with stylus length and / or the distance between the two antennas of the stylus.
- a stylet with sliding body or telescope can be used to tune the precise angular ion to the need.
- the measurement zone can be predefined and formatted by means of the pointer by orthonormal marking of the zone, this method makes it possible to improve the accuracy of the localization by eliminating any errors projecting computed coordinates out of the treatment zone and by calibrating the calculation area.
- the autonomous mode makes it possible to substantially reduce the size of the basic interface (or even to reduce it to a simple independent remote triangulation terminal or connected to the processing unit by the available means (ports USB, USB Wireles, " WIFI ... " , in this case, the pointer contains all the elements required for the localization in desynchronized mode (memory, RF transceiver, processing calculator ...) the pointer may have a low e (or repository) alphanumeric character recognition, it can be downloaded from and through a processing unit (PC, PDA, Mobile ...); this method makes it possible to transmit, not only points in graphic mode, but directly a character or symbol recognized by a matching table (repository).
- This character recognition base can be generated directly by the user who can, from a processing unit, match a sample of his own cursive script with the table (repository) of alphanumeric characters and symbols, and can then download it. in the pointer or keep it in memory in a file of the processing unit. This allows the data transported by the pointer (between the latter and the processing unit) to be reduced if the latter has the write recognition repository (characters, symbols) integrated in its autonomous memory unit.
- RF can be obtained by down-converting; this frequency change can be achieved by subtracting the received RF frequency with the frequency OL from a local oscillator, in a symmetrical balanced mixer, followed by a low-pass filter; this makes it possible to obtain a lower frequency while preserving the same phase shift. It is thus possible to use low frequency phase detectors that are simpler to use and more accurate. Another solution for obtaining a low frequency is to use a frequency division.
- This division of frequency can be done by using flip-flops after square formatting of the RF signal, but the use of PLLs facilitates this operation: by way of example, if the PLL of the oscillator OL uses a frequency of 13.56Mhz in reference and uses a 32-divider on its return loop, the PLL's VCO will have an output frequency of 433.92 Mhz in phase with its reference. If you receive an RF signal at 433.92 Mhz, simply divide it by 32 to obtain a signal comparable to the reference of the OL PLL. "Phase inaccuracies" can then come from the following origins:
- phase / frequency synchronization error RF / OL phase / frequency synchronization error
- the invention can be used for signature authentication usually affixed to the back of a smart card; for this purpose, the signature is digitized and saved in a memory of the card; during the physical signature with a stylus of a system according to the invention, the payment terminal (or “sabot") compares the signature produced and transmitted by the electronic pen, with the signature recorded in the memory of the card, thanks to to recognition software, then accept or decline the settlement.
- Security can be improved by the presence, in a memory of the pen, an asymmetrical key coded to match another asymmetric key stored in the smart card.
- a terminal B2 which receives and transmits an RF signal again, is synchronized at power up with a terminal B1 and their signals are approximately in phase; when receiving the signal from the terminal B1, the terminal B2 adds a digital data informing the destination terminal B1, if the phase shift observed is greater than or equal to 180 °; in this case, the destination terminal carries out the sum of the phase difference which it observes with the received phase shift which it then divides by two (after having possibly added 360 ° if the phase shift announced by the terminal 1 was greater than 180 °) for obtain the desired phase shift; a statistical reprocessing of the incoherent points then makes it possible to eliminate the observed phase-shifts close to 180 ° having been estimated in the bad quadrant;
- phase noise found on a quartz oscillator, even temperature controlled, can hinder the achievement of sufficient accuracy, beyond one second of operation; to allow a precise phase measurement, it is therefore necessary to use a round trip as described above.
- phase noise found on a quartz oscillator, even temperature controlled, can hinder the achievement of sufficient accuracy, beyond one second of operation; to allow a precise phase measurement, it is therefore necessary to use a round trip as described above.
- one solution is the insertion of delay lines between the amplifiers and the filters. reception and between the amplifiers and transmit filters, to sufficiently delay the return of the return.
- the sequences emitted must be short compared to the delay created by the delay lines. This technique simplifies the terminal by eliminating the need for PLL and snap phase.
- a mode of the BLR / BLA type makes it possible to suppress one of the two subcarriers and to keep a modulated subcarrier and the carrier at least partially. For example, a modulation of a carrier frequency of
- the distance counter would be incremented by the wavelength used, and conversely, in the case of a transition in the opposite direction e.
- DSSS Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum
- FHSS Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum
- OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
- phase frequency detector A method of acquiring the frequency and phase based on P.L. L.subjected by a calculating unit is described in various parts of this document. It should be noted that the calculation unit is not mandatory and can be replaced by a simple charge pump, which will automatically reduce to 0 the frequency and phase difference e of the P. L. L.; this type of system is integrated into a system generally called "phase frequency detector".
- phase shift detection Various parts of this document refer to modes of phase shift detection. It is important to note that the concept of phase shift can be applied to both analogue and digital signals as well as to "square" digital signals, and there may be some requirements for obtaining the best precision. transformation of one into the other and vice versa. The transformation of an analog signal into a square signal, for example, will make it possible to use phase-frequency and low-frequency detectors that are very efficient and precise.
- the invention makes it possible to propose a universal autonomous pointer with all devices, location, recognition of characters and symbols, graphical plot mode, which can thus be successively interfaced with processing units so that universe and autonomous by standardized means (USB wireless, Bluetooth).
- the method thus described can be embedded in ASICS (Application Specified Integrated Circuit) or FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) and can use technologies combining analog and (or) digital circuits.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Audiology, Speech & Language Pathology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Educational Administration (AREA)
- Educational Technology (AREA)
- Position Fixing By Use Of Radio Waves (AREA)
- Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
- Position Input By Displaying (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0409375 | 2004-09-03 | ||
| FR0409375A FR2875025B1 (fr) | 2004-09-03 | 2004-09-03 | Procede de localisation d'un objet mobile et dispositifs d'entree de donnees utilisant ce procede |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2006027478A2 true WO2006027478A2 (fr) | 2006-03-16 |
| WO2006027478A3 WO2006027478A3 (fr) | 2006-06-01 |
| WO2006027478B1 WO2006027478B1 (fr) | 2006-07-20 |
Family
ID=34948790
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR2005/002174 Ceased WO2006027478A2 (fr) | 2004-09-03 | 2005-08-31 | Procédé de localisation d'un objet mobile et dispositifs d'entrée de données utilisant ce procédé |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| FR (1) | FR2875025B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2006027478A2 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5138118A (en) * | 1991-05-06 | 1992-08-11 | International Business Machines Corporation | Pulsed pen for use with a digitizer tablet |
| US6784826B2 (en) * | 2001-01-26 | 2004-08-31 | Tera Research Incorporated | Body motion tracking system |
| WO2002067240A1 (fr) * | 2001-02-16 | 2002-08-29 | Smart Lite Digital Solutions Ltd. | Procede et dispositif pour dispositif de pointage inductif |
-
2004
- 2004-09-03 FR FR0409375A patent/FR2875025B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2005
- 2005-08-31 WO PCT/FR2005/002174 patent/WO2006027478A2/fr not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2875025A1 (fr) | 2006-03-10 |
| WO2006027478B1 (fr) | 2006-07-20 |
| FR2875025B1 (fr) | 2006-12-01 |
| WO2006027478A3 (fr) | 2006-06-01 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| EP2367022B1 (fr) | Procédé et système de localisation d'objets | |
| EP3185110B1 (fr) | Elément mobile hybride, procédé et dispositif pour interfacer une pluralité d'éléments mobiles hybrides avec un système informatique, et ensemble pour système de réalité virtuelle ou augmentée | |
| EP3227705B1 (fr) | Dispositif électronique pour la localisation proche d'un objet terrestre, et procédé de localisation d'un tel objet | |
| CN106537179A (zh) | 用于确定不规则对象的大小的手持多传感器系统 | |
| FR2966251A1 (fr) | Systeme d'orientation et de positionnement d'un recepteur electromagnetique | |
| WO2006003294A1 (fr) | Systeme de localisation ulb pour le secours aux victimes d'avalanches. | |
| CN111798503A (zh) | 利用飞行时间相机同时进行数据传输和深度图像记录 | |
| EP3171195B1 (fr) | Procédé de localisation d'une balise | |
| WO2016184806A1 (fr) | Transmission de signal radiofréquence dans un système de localisation temps-réel | |
| WO2018108837A1 (fr) | Procédé et dispositif pour la détection d'une impulsion d'un signal | |
| WO2018083070A1 (fr) | Procédé et dispositif récepteur pour l'estimation de l'instant d'arrivée d'un signal radio, procédé et système de localisation | |
| WO2006027478A2 (fr) | Procédé de localisation d'un objet mobile et dispositifs d'entrée de données utilisant ce procédé | |
| EP2653887B1 (fr) | Système de radio adapté pour fonctionner dans une installation de radio altimétrie multiple | |
| EP3109668B1 (fr) | Appareil à main pour un utilisateur déficient visuel | |
| EP2156209A1 (fr) | Procédé et dispositif de détermination de l' angle de relèvement dans un système de radionavigation de type tacan | |
| EP0600796B1 (fr) | Procédé de radionavigation et système de gestion de flotte de véhicules | |
| EP0163346B1 (fr) | Système de guidage terminal ou de recalage de position pour aéronef par mesures de distance et d'angle | |
| FR3101157A1 (fr) | Mesure de distance basée sur phase avec temps d’acquisition constant | |
| FR3105438A1 (fr) | Mesure de distance basée sur la phase avec correction de composante continue | |
| EP4374188B1 (fr) | Dispositif et procédé de positionnement centimetrique d'un mobile | |
| EP0079280B1 (fr) | Dispositif de compensation d'une horloge locale et dispositif de radio-navigation, notamment OMEGA, le comprenant | |
| EP1788357A1 (fr) | Système de localisation d'utilisateur pieton | |
| EP2977790A1 (fr) | Dispositif de géolocalisation | |
| EP2166371B1 (fr) | Dispositif et procédé de dénombrement d'émetteurs électromagnétiques | |
| FR3106664A1 (fr) | Dispositif d’identification, de localisation précise et sélection d’un objet mobile parmi une pluralité d’objets situés à proximités. |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A2 Designated state(s): AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BW BY BZ CA CH CN CO CR CU CZ DE DK DM DZ EC EE EG ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KM KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MG MK MN MW MX MZ NA NG NI NO NZ OM PG PH PL PT RO RU SC SD SE SG SK SL SM SY TJ TM TN TR TT TZ UA UG US UZ VC VN YU ZA ZM ZW |
|
| AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A2 Designated state(s): GM KE LS MW MZ NA SD SL SZ TZ UG ZM ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LT LU LV MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GQ GW ML MR NE SN TD TG |
|
| NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
| 121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
| 122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |
Ref document number: 05798328 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A2 |