WO2006035397A2 - Aussenstromlos aufgebrachte nickellegierung - Google Patents
Aussenstromlos aufgebrachte nickellegierung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2006035397A2 WO2006035397A2 PCT/IB2005/053173 IB2005053173W WO2006035397A2 WO 2006035397 A2 WO2006035397 A2 WO 2006035397A2 IB 2005053173 W IB2005053173 W IB 2005053173W WO 2006035397 A2 WO2006035397 A2 WO 2006035397A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- nickel
- electrolyte
- nickel alloy
- alloy according
- particles
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
- 0 CC(*)(*)CC(C)(C*)c1cc(*)c(*)cc1 Chemical compound CC(*)(*)CC(C)(C*)c1cc(*)c(*)cc1 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/48—Coating with alloys
- C23C18/50—Coating with alloys with alloys based on iron, cobalt or nickel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/1601—Process or apparatus
- C23C18/1633—Process of electroless plating
- C23C18/1655—Process features
- C23C18/1662—Use of incorporated material in the solution or dispersion, e.g. particles, whiskers, wires
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/31—Coating with metals
- C23C18/32—Coating with nickel, cobalt or mixtures thereof with phosphorus or boron
- C23C18/34—Coating with nickel, cobalt or mixtures thereof with phosphorus or boron using reducing agents
- C23C18/36—Coating with nickel, cobalt or mixtures thereof with phosphorus or boron using reducing agents using hypophosphites
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a lead-free, chemically, without external current produced nickel alloy with inclusions and articles coated therewith
- the chemical nickel-plating of metal surfaces is a widely used method on an industrial scale for the corrosion and wear protection of metals
- Electrolytic deposition - also known as electrodeposition or coating - is a deposition reaction on the surface to be coated, which is forced by the introduced current
- electroless deposition also known as chemical deposition or coating - the layer formation is based on an autocatalytic process, which is largely determined by the electrochemical potentials of the reactants involved
- An electrolytic process for producing a nickel layer is known, for example, from EP 0 218 645 A1, in which a galvanic bath is used which, in addition to a cationic surfactant from the group of the alkylaryloxydialkylbenzylammonium chlorides, necessarily contains boric acid or borates.
- the layers thus obtainable have the disadvantage of Therefore, this method is not suitable for geo metric complex components (for example, carburetor housing, fuel rail for Emzitzsysteme etc) in which a uniform layer structure is crucial in all areas
- an electrolyte which contains no lead-containing stabilizer but a combination of an antimony compound and a bismuth compound is used to produce a lead-free nickel alloy by means of an electroless method.
- This specially adapted electrolyte is not suitable for the production of dispersion layers, in particular not of PTFE-containing nickel layers.
- nickel dispersion layers are being used more and more in highly stressed components such as, for example, parts of locks, valves, rotary unions, valve anchors, movable pistons, complex geometric fuel-carrying parts in the automotive industry.
- This is the deposition of a metal layer by an electroless process with simultaneous incorporation of solids that are dispersed in the electrolyte.
- these solids are lubricants (for example, PTFE, graphite, spherical aluminum oxide, encapsulated MoS 2, etc.) or hard materials (diamond, corundum, cubic BN, etc.).
- lubricants for example, PTFE, graphite, spherical aluminum oxide, encapsulated MoS 2, etc.
- hard materials diamond, corundum, cubic BN, etc.
- Non-uniform dispersion layers lead to premature or undesired local wear, which can present a considerable safety risk depending on the field of application (for example hydraulic cylinders in the aircraft industry).
- these nickel dispersion layers are prepared using conventional nickel / phosphorus electrolytes containing as stabilizer either lead or a combination of tin with cadmium.
- US Pat. No. 6,273,943 discloses an electrolyte for electroless deposition of a nickel / PTFE dispersion layer which comprises a quaternary perfluoroalkylammonium halide and a lead compound as stabilizer.
- PFOS perfluorooctylsulfonyl
- the object of the present invention is to provide a lead-free nickel / phosphorus dispersion coating on a metallic substrate surface, which enables a uniform layer structure (especially at the edges, recesses and undercuts) even on geometrically complex components with the functional inclusions.
- the aim is to ensure the most uniform possible incorporation of the particles into the nickel alloy matrix.
- This coating should be particularly suitable for geometrically complex components that are highly resilient mechanically and on friction and also have low tolerances.
- these nickel alloy layers should be obtainable by electroless deposition in an electrolyte, which is characterized by comparatively long service lives.
- a complexing agent B other than A for example or preferably dicarboxylic acid
- 3 to 10 g / l dispersed particles which differ from the composition nickel /
- the electrolyte also contains no cadmium.
- the lead-free nickel / phosphorus dispersion alloy according to the invention it is now possible to provide geometrically complex components, such as carburetor housings, fuel distributors for injection systems, etc., with a uniform layer structure of a coating which is highly resistant to abrasion, in particular at the edges, Recesses and undercuts.
- These components have a finished coating of a tolerance of + 3 microns with a total layer thickness of 10 - 12 microns.
- the service life of the electrolyte used for electroless deposition of a dispersion layer according to the invention with embedded silicon carbide particles can be a service life of up to 10 MTO (metal turn over, ie metal throughput based on the electrolyte used in Itr.).
- metal substrate surface is also understood as meaning plastic surfaces which are first activated by means of processes known to the person skilled in the art and subsequently nickel-plated.
- metallized plastic surfaces which are produced using mechanical microstructuring and are disclosed, for example, in WO 2004/092436 A2 and WO 2004/092256 A1.
- a usual layer thickness of this nickel / phosphorus dispersion alloy between 3 and 30 ⁇ m is sufficient to increase the wear resistance, to improve sliding and friction properties and to provide the non-stick properties.
- a preferred embodiment of the nickel / phosphorus dispersion alloy according to the invention is achieved if the constituents nickel, phosphorus and particles are distributed uniformly in the alloy layer.
- the term "uniformly" here and in the following means an alloy and function-typical distribution of the corresponding components in the nickel matrix. This uniform distribution achieves a uniform microstructure in the alloy, so that the mechanical and functional properties of this layer are constant even in narrow tolerance ranges.
- Complexing agents A used are the carboxylic and dicarboxylic acids known for preparing customary nickel / phosphorus electrolytes.
- complexing agent A lactic acid and malonic acid are particularly preferably used; as complexing agent B, preferably succinic acid.
- alkylaryloxydialkylbenzylammonium chloride A simple example of an alkylaryloxydialkylbenzylammonium chloride is benzalkonium chloride of the formula
- X represents a chlorine atom.
- Such compounds are spielmik marketed in 1622 by the company. Clariant under the trade name Hyamine ®.
- Alkylaryloxydialkylbenzylammoniumchloride simple examples of Alkylaryloxydialkylbenzylammoniumchloride are benzalkonium koniumchloride (N-alkyl-N, N-dimethyl-N-benzylammonium chloride with a C 12 -, C 4 - or C 16 -alkyl) and Methyldodecylbenzyltrimethylammoniumchlorid. Benzalkonium be marketed under the trade name hyamine ® 3500 by the company. Clariant
- the electrolyte contains as stabilizer at least 10 mg / l antimony and at most 1, 5 mg / l bismuth ions.
- this antimony and bismuth additive is not mandatory - for example, only stabilizers based on tin (II) compounds can be used.
- the electrolyte contains as stabilizer 10-150 mg / l antimony and
- the electrolyte additionally contains a nonionic surfactant.
- the nonionic surfactant is selected from the group of partially fluorinated or non-fluorinated surfactants.
- partially fluorinated surfactants means all surface-active substances which have no perfluorinated radicals.
- non-fluorinated surfactants is understood as meaning all surface-active substances which have no fluorine atom.
- this embodiment also ensures a longer service life of the electrolyte.
- the dispersed particles may in a preferred embodiment of the present invention be selected from the group of silicon carbide, corundum, diamond, cubic boron nitride, spherical alumina and tetraboron carbide, particular preference being given to non-metallic particles having a hardness greater than 1000 HV ,
- the nickel-phosphorus dispersion alloys obtained according to this preferred embodiment are particularly suitable for imparting abrasion resistance, wear protection and increased friction to the coated substrates to ensure frictional connections or the desired surface structure. In this way For example, functional properties can be imparted to the substrate that are tailored to the needs of its use.
- the particles have friction-reducing properties and are selected from the group of polytetrafluoroethylene, molybdenum sulfide, molybdenum disulfide, hexagonal boron nitride, tin sulfide and graphite.
- the nickel-phosphorus dispersion layers obtainable according to this embodiment are also to be selected according to the functional requirement of the resulting device.
- excellent friction-reducing properties are achieved by the incorporation of PTFE particles in the nickel phosphorus matrix.
- Another advantage of the embodiment of the invention is the absence of perfluorinated cationic or nonionic surfactants.
- Perfluorinated cationic and nonionic surfactants have hitherto been used predominantly for polytetrafluoroethylene-containing electrolytes since these alone were suitable for imparting the charge required for migration and co-deposition to the PTFE particles.
- the preparation of these fluorinated cationic and nonionic surfactants proceeds via a toxic intermediate (“perfluorooctylsulfonyl") with bioaccumulation potential, so that these have been withdrawn from the program by the manufacturers worldwide.
- the nickel-phosphorous dispersion alloys according to the present invention can be used as a wear-resistant surface, in particular in the automotive industry and in the machine industry. nenbau, particularly preferred as lock parts for door closing system and functional components for fuel dosing or as a surface in the automotive industry with improved sliding friction properties, especially for parts of locks, Ven ⁇ valves, rotary joints, valve anchors, movable pistons, and other movable parts in the Automotive industry and used in mechanical engineering.
- the proportion of nickel cations in the electrolyte can be between 4 and 7 g / l, based on the sum of the constituents nickel and phosphorus present in the aqueous electrolyte.
- the proportion of phosphination can be in the electrolyte between 15 to 40 g / l, based on the weight ratio of phosphorus to the sum of the in the aqueous
- Electrolytes contained components nickel and phosphorus.
- the proportion of Alkylaryloxydialkylbenzylammoniumchlorid in the electrolyte can be between 0.01 and 0.4 wt .-%, in particular between 0.1 and 0.2 wt .-%, based on the sum of the components contained in the aqueous electrolyte nickel and
- the value is calculated from the amount of nickel ions that can be added to the finished electrolyte without having to exchange the electrolyte. It is based on the total amount of nickel in the electrolyte bath.
- the uniform distribution of the PTFE particles is determined by a metallographic cross section of the coated steel sheets. It is characterized by the determination of the percentage of the distribution of the particles incorporated in the nickel / phosphorus matrix.
- the pH is then adjusted to 4.3 by addition of a 25% strength aqueous ammonia solution and the solution is made up to 1000 ml by addition of demineralized water.
- NiSO 4 x6H 2 O 25 g / l nickel sulphate (NiSO 4 x6H 2 O)
- the pH of the electrolyte is adjusted to 4.5 by addition of a 25% aqueous ammonia solution.
- the achieved layer thickness is 5 ⁇ m.
- NiSO 4 x 6H 2 O 25 g / l nickel sulphate (NiSO 4 x 6H 2 O)
- Example 4 (according to the invention):
- the achieved layer thickness is 5.5 ⁇ m.
- the electrolyte behavior "not stable” essentially means a foreign nucleation in the electrolyte during the layer formation process.
- the electrolyte behavior "less stable” means a foreign nucleation in the electrolyte after one hour during the film formation process.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemically Coating (AREA)
- Preventing Corrosion Or Incrustation Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US11/576,177 US20080196625A1 (en) | 2004-09-28 | 2005-09-26 | Non-Galvanically Applied Nickel Alloy |
| EP05784829A EP1799881A2 (de) | 2004-09-28 | 2005-09-26 | Aussenstromlos aufgebrachte nickellegierung |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102004047423.0 | 2004-09-28 | ||
| DE102004047423A DE102004047423C5 (de) | 2004-09-28 | 2004-09-28 | Außenstromlos aufgebrachte Nickellegierung und ihre Verwendung |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2006035397A2 true WO2006035397A2 (de) | 2006-04-06 |
| WO2006035397A3 WO2006035397A3 (de) | 2007-05-31 |
Family
ID=35613047
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/IB2005/053173 Ceased WO2006035397A2 (de) | 2004-09-28 | 2005-09-26 | Aussenstromlos aufgebrachte nickellegierung |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20080196625A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1799881A2 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102004047423C5 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2006035397A2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2010045559A1 (en) * | 2008-10-16 | 2010-04-22 | Atotech Deutschland Gmbh | Metal plating additive, and method for plating substrates and products therefrom |
| DE102010011083B3 (de) | 2010-03-12 | 2011-06-16 | Ks Gleitlager Gmbh | Gleitlagerverbundwerkstoff |
| JP2012087386A (ja) * | 2010-10-21 | 2012-05-10 | Toyota Motor Corp | 無電解ニッケルめっき浴およびそれを用いた無電解ニッケルめっき法 |
| DE102011013881B3 (de) * | 2011-03-04 | 2012-05-03 | Ks Gleitlager Gmbh | Gleitlagerverbundwerkstoff und daraus hergestelltes Gleitlagerelement |
| WO2013113810A2 (en) * | 2012-02-01 | 2013-08-08 | Atotech Deutschland Gmbh | Electroless nickel plating bath |
| JP6631349B2 (ja) * | 2015-03-26 | 2020-01-15 | 三菱マテリアル株式会社 | アンモニウム塩を用いためっき液 |
| GB2538283B (en) | 2015-05-14 | 2021-06-23 | Mahle Int Gmbh | Plain bearing and method |
| DE102015210552A1 (de) * | 2015-06-09 | 2016-12-15 | Mahle International Gmbh | Verfahren zum Beschichten eines Ventils einer Brennkraftmaschine |
| CN108350589A (zh) * | 2015-11-06 | 2018-07-31 | 株式会社杰希优 | 镀镍用添加剂及含有其的缎光镀镍浴 |
| DE112018003515T5 (de) * | 2017-07-10 | 2020-04-09 | The University Of Akron | Katalytische metallbeschichtungen für metallbauteile zur verbesserung des tribologischen verhaltens in geschmierten systemen |
| DE102018110905A1 (de) | 2018-05-07 | 2019-11-07 | Lucas Automotive Gmbh | Elektrode für ein Eloxal-Verfahren |
| DE102018218205A1 (de) * | 2018-10-24 | 2020-04-30 | Mahle International Gmbh | Gaswechselventil |
| CN112853415B (zh) * | 2020-12-31 | 2022-09-02 | 江门市瑞期精细化学工程有限公司 | 一种镍磷合金电镀液及其应用 |
| DE102022108533B4 (de) | 2022-04-08 | 2024-06-20 | CSB Chemische Spezialbeschichtungen GmbH | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer chemisch NiP-Elektrolytdispersion mit einzulagernden Feststoffpartikeln |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2884344A (en) * | 1957-10-07 | 1959-04-28 | Reynolds Metals Co | Nickel plating |
| US3663377A (en) * | 1970-05-08 | 1972-05-16 | Habet M Khelghatian | Electroplatable polyolefins |
| US4483711A (en) * | 1983-06-17 | 1984-11-20 | Omi International Corporation | Aqueous electroless nickel plating bath and process |
| DE3473890D1 (en) * | 1983-07-25 | 1988-10-13 | Hitachi Ltd | Electroless copper plating solution |
| AU555641B2 (en) * | 1984-03-05 | 1986-10-02 | Omi International Corp. | Aqueous electroless nickel plating bath |
| US4716059A (en) * | 1987-02-26 | 1987-12-29 | Allied Corporation | Composites of metal with carbon fluoride and method of preparation |
| US4997686A (en) * | 1987-12-23 | 1991-03-05 | Surface Technology, Inc. | Composite electroless plating-solutions, processes, and articles thereof |
| US4873136A (en) * | 1988-06-16 | 1989-10-10 | General Electric Company | Method for preparing polymer surfaces for subsequent plating thereon, and improved metal-plated plastic articles made therefrom |
| US5232744A (en) * | 1991-02-21 | 1993-08-03 | C. Uyemura & Co., Ltd. | Electroless composite plating bath and method |
| US5554211A (en) * | 1995-11-15 | 1996-09-10 | Mcgean-Rohco, Inc. | Aqueous electroless plating solutions |
| JP3687722B2 (ja) * | 1999-01-12 | 2005-08-24 | 上村工業株式会社 | 無電解複合めっき液及び無電解複合めっき方法 |
| DE10052960C9 (de) * | 2000-10-25 | 2008-07-03 | AHC-Oberflächentechnik GmbH & Co. OHG | Bleifreie Nickellegierung |
-
2004
- 2004-09-28 DE DE102004047423A patent/DE102004047423C5/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2005
- 2005-09-26 WO PCT/IB2005/053173 patent/WO2006035397A2/de not_active Ceased
- 2005-09-26 US US11/576,177 patent/US20080196625A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-09-26 EP EP05784829A patent/EP1799881A2/de not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102004047423C5 (de) | 2011-04-21 |
| WO2006035397A3 (de) | 2007-05-31 |
| US20080196625A1 (en) | 2008-08-21 |
| DE102004047423B3 (de) | 2006-02-09 |
| EP1799881A2 (de) | 2007-06-27 |
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