WO2006046341A1 - 圧電素子とその製造方法 - Google Patents
圧電素子とその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006046341A1 WO2006046341A1 PCT/JP2005/014184 JP2005014184W WO2006046341A1 WO 2006046341 A1 WO2006046341 A1 WO 2006046341A1 JP 2005014184 W JP2005014184 W JP 2005014184W WO 2006046341 A1 WO2006046341 A1 WO 2006046341A1
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- piezoelectric
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L9/00—Measuring steady of quasi-steady pressure of fluid or fluent solid material by electric or magnetic pressure-sensitive elements; Transmitting or indicating the displacement of mechanical pressure-sensitive elements, used to measure the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or fluent solid material, by electric or magnetic means
- G01L9/0041—Transmitting or indicating the displacement of flexible diaphragms
- G01L9/008—Transmitting or indicating the displacement of flexible diaphragms using piezoelectric devices
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/16—Measuring force or stress, in general using properties of piezoelectric devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/01—Manufacture or treatment
- H10N30/09—Forming piezoelectric or electrostrictive materials
- H10N30/092—Forming composite materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/80—Constructional details
- H10N30/85—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive active materials
- H10N30/852—Composite materials, e.g. having 1-3 or 2-2 type connectivity
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/80—Constructional details
- H10N30/88—Mounts; Supports; Enclosures; Casings
- H10N30/883—Additional insulation means preventing electrical, physical or chemical damage, e.g. protective coatings
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a piezoelectric element using a piezoelectric composition pressure sensing element constituted by blending a piezoelectric ceramic powder in an organic polymer, and in particular, a piezoelectric element used as a flexible pressure sensitive sensor and the piezoelectric element. It relates to a manufacturing method.
- JP-A-11 201835 discloses a piezoelectric composition pressure-sensitive body excellent in piezoelectricity and flexibility.
- the piezoelectric composition pressure sensitive body is constituted by mixing and kneading a material including a titanium coupling agent, piezoelectric ceramic powder, and at least one of chlorinated polyethylene or chlorosulfonated polyethylene. Since this kneaded material contains a thermoplastic elastomer such as chlorinated polyethylene, it has flexibility and is added to a sheet or cable.
- the molded body thus processed is a piezoelectric composition pressure-sensitive body, and is used as a piezoelectric element by connecting a pair of electrodes.
- the piezoelectric element absorbs water
- the piezoelectric composition pressure-sensitive body itself is softened, and the relationship between the pressure and the distortion of the piezoelectric element changes. For this reason, signal processing according to changes in the softness of the piezoelectric element is required, and there is a possibility of erroneous detection, so that a complicated detection circuit is required.
- the tensile strength of the piezoelectric element is reduced due to the softening of the piezoelectric element, durability is reduced.
- it includes group I, group II alkali and alkaline earth metals of the periodic table.
- the piezoelectric ceramic powder has a low specific resistance and is easily eluted in water, so that the electric resistance is significantly reduced.
- the piezoelectric element of the present invention includes a piezoelectric composition pressure-sensitive body, a first electrode, a second electrode, and a coating layer.
- the piezoelectric composition pressure sensitive body includes a piezoelectric ceramic powder and a flexible organic polymer.
- the first electrode and the second electrode are connected to the piezoelectric composition pressure sensitive body and insulated from each other.
- the coating layer is provided on the outside of the piezoelectric ceramic powder and suppresses the absorption of moisture into the piezoelectric ceramic powder.
- the piezoelectric element is used in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment, and even if water vapor is condensed inside the piezoelectric element to generate water, a coating layer is formed with a water-repellent material that repels water inside the piezoelectric element. ing. Therefore, water absorption into the piezoelectric ceramic powder is suppressed, and the electrical characteristics, piezoelectric characteristics, mechanical tensile strength and other characteristics of the piezoelectric element are maintained.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a sheet-like piezoelectric element according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a partial cross section of the piezoelectric composition pressure-sensitive body according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing a cross section of the water-repellent-treated piezoelectric ceramic powder in the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining a manufacturing process of a piezoelectric element using the piezoelectric composition pressure-sensitive body in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the change over time in the electrical resistance of the sheet-like piezoelectric element subjected to the high-temperature and high-humidity test in the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the change with time of the capacitance of the sheet-like piezoelectric element subjected to the high-temperature and high-humidity test in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a sheet-like piezoelectric element according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining a manufacturing process of a piezoelectric element using the piezoelectric composition pressure-sensitive body in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a sheet-like piezoelectric element according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- Fig. 10 shows a piezoelectric element using a piezoelectric composition pressure-sensitive body according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. It is a figure explaining the manufacturing process of.
- FIG. 11 is a partial cross-sectional view of a cable-like piezoelectric element according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram for explaining a manufacturing process of a piezoelectric element using a piezoelectric composition pressure-sensitive body in Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a partial cross-sectional view of a cable-like piezoelectric element according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating a manufacturing process of a piezoelectric element using the piezoelectric composition pressure-sensitive body in the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 15 is a partial cross-sectional view of a cable-like piezoelectric element according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram for explaining a manufacturing process of a piezoelectric element using the piezoelectric composition pressure-sensitive body in Embodiment 6 of the present invention.
- FIG. 17 is a partial cross-sectional view of another cable-shaped piezoelectric element according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a sheet-like piezoelectric element according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- an electrode 2A as a first electrode and an electrode 2B as a second electrode are formed on both surfaces of a sheet-like piezoelectric composition pressure-sensitive body (hereinafter referred to as pressure-sensitive body) 1.
- Electrode 2A and electrode 2B are insulated from each other.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a cross-sectional structure of the pressure sensitive body 1.
- the pressure-sensitive member 1 includes a water-repellent treated piezoelectric ceramic powder 3 and a flexible organic polymer 4.
- the water-repellent piezoelectric ceramic powder 3 and the organic polymer 4 are uniformly dispersed.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing a cross section of one particle of piezoelectric ceramic powder 3 subjected to water repellent treatment.
- the water repellent piezoelectric ceramic powder 3 has a coating layer 6 provided on the surface of the piezoelectric ceramic powder 5 by water repellent treatment.
- the coating layer 6 formed by subjecting the piezoelectric ceramic powder 5 to a water repellent treatment is formed (S1).
- the piezoelectric ceramic powder 5 is immersed in a solution containing a water-repellent material adjusted to a predetermined concentration by diluting with an appropriate solvent.
- the water-repellent treated piezoelectric ceramic powder 3 and the organic polymer 4 are kneaded (S2).
- the water-repellent piezoceramic powder 3 is kneaded so as to be uniformly mixed and dispersed in the organic polymer 4.
- a titanium coupling agent may be added to improve kneading.
- the kneaded product is processed using a processing machine such as a roll or a hot press to produce a sheet-like pressure-sensitive body 1 (S3).
- a conductive paste or conductive paint in which conductive powder and an organic polymer are mixed is applied to both surfaces of the pressure sensitive body 1 to form electrodes 2A and 2B that are insulated from each other (S4).
- the electrodes 2A and 2B may be produced by fusing a conductive sheet formed by mixing and dispersing conductive powder in a flexible organic polymer such as rubber or thermoplastic elastomer. Alternatively, the electrodes 2A and 2B may be formed by vapor-depositing a conductive material.
- a poling process is performed by applying a DC voltage between the electrodes 2A and 2B in the air or in a silicon oil bath (S5) to produce a sheet-like piezoelectric element.
- the poling process (S5) may be performed using the two pseudo electrodes after the force sheet-shaped pressure sensitive body 1 is formed (S3) after the electrodes 2A and 2B are formed (S4). Good
- the piezoelectricity of the piezoelectric element is manifested by applying a high DC voltage between the electrodes 2A and 2B as described above, and subjecting the pressure sensitive body 1 to poling.
- a time-varying pressure is applied to part or the entire surface of a piezoelectric sheet-like piezoelectric element, an oscillating voltage is induced between the electrodes 2A and 2B according to the acceleration generated in that part. .
- the pressure can be detected using this induced voltage.
- the piezoelectric element according to the present embodiment is used as a pressure sensor or a vibration sensor, a sensor that is installed on an automobile door to detect pinching, a sensor that is installed on a nursing bed or the like to detect body movement, etc. Can be used.
- a pressure sensor may be used outdoors as a pressure sensor vibration sensor. If it is mounted on a car, it is likely to be used in a hot and humid environment due to rain in summer. If incorporated in a nursing bed, etc., it is likely to be used in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment such as incontinence, high humidity due to sweat, laundry for hygiene, and cleaning.
- a coating layer 6 formed by subjecting the piezoelectric ceramic powder 5 constituting the pressure sensitive body 1 to a water repellent treatment is provided. Therefore, even if water vapor is condensed in the pressure-sensitive body 1, elution of the components and impurities of the piezoelectric ceramic powder 5 due to the penetration of the water is suppressed. That is, the coating layer 6 suppresses the absorption of moisture into the piezoelectric ceramic powder 5.
- the coating layer 6 formed by performing the water repellent treatment is formed on each particle of the piezoelectric ceramic powder 5, contact between water and the piezoelectric ceramic powder 5 is extremely small. Therefore, the effect of preventing the decrease in electrical resistance caused by the dissolution of the components of piezoelectric ceramic powder 5 into water. The fruit is big.
- the coating layer 6 prevents water from being absorbed into the pressure-sensitive body 1, so that the softness of the pressure-sensitive body 1 is suppressed. Therefore, the initial piezoelectric characteristics can always be maintained. As a result, it is possible to design a detection circuit and a control circuit with high reliability, such as preventing erroneous detection because signal processing corresponding to changes in piezoelectric characteristics is not required even at the same applied pressure.
- the softening of the pressure-sensitive body 1 constituting the piezoelectric element can be suppressed, the tensile strength of the pressure-sensitive body 1 can be prevented from being lowered, the initial strength can be maintained, and excellent durability can be maintained. Can be realized.
- the coating layer 6 exhibits hydrophobicity on the surface of the piezoelectric ceramic powder 5, familiarity with the organic polymer 4 having water repellency is improved.
- the kneadability of both is improved, and the productivity is improved, for example, the kneading process time is shortened.
- the kneading time is the same as the conventional one, the amount of the titanium coupling agent used for improving the kneading can be reduced, and the cost of the material can be reduced.
- Examples of the water-repellent material of the coating layer 6 include materials whose main components are organic fatty acid salts, organic fatty acid amides, fluorine-based resins, silicon-based resins, acrylic resins, and silane compounds.
- organic fatty acid salts include force prillic acid, pelargonic acid, force puric acid, undecyl acid, lauric acid, tridecyl acid, myristic acid, pentadecylic acid, palmitic acid, heptadecylic acid, stearic acid, nonadencanic acid, araquinic acid , Behenic acid, lignoceric acid, serotic acid, heptacosanoic acid, montanic acid, acrylic acid, crotonic acid, isocrotonic acid, undecylenic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, cetreic acid, erucic acid, pracidic acid, sorbic acid, linol Examples include compounds of acid and linolenic acid fatty acids and metal elements of calcium, zinc, sodium, potassium, magnesium, copper, and lead, and at least one of these fatty acid salts.
- organic fatty acid amides include force prillic acid, pelargonic acid, force puric acid, undecylic acid, lauric acid, tridecylic acid, myristic acid, pentadecylic acid, palmitic acid, heptadecylic acid, stearic acid, nonadencanic acid, araquinic acid, Behenic acid, lignoceric acid, serotic acid, heptacosanoic acid, montanic acid, acrylic acid, crotonic acid, isocrotonic acid, undecylenic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, cetreic acid, erucic acid, pracidic acid, sorbic acid, linoleic acid
- those obtained by substituting the hydrogen group of each fatty acid of linolenic acid with an amino group are used.
- fluorine-based resin polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), perfluoroalkylethyl acrylate, and as the silicon-based resin, dimethylpolysiloxane, jetylpolysiloxane, silicon acrylic block copolymer
- acrylic resin examples include methacrylic acid esters and acrylic acid ester polymers.
- silane compound examples include a silalkyl silane compound and a fluoro silane compound having at least a siloxane bond on the surface of the piezoelectric ceramic powder 5 and having at least an alkyl group or a fluoroalkyl group.
- the following are effective as Silane compounds.
- Silane compound examples include the following.
- p is an integer from 1 to 3
- q is an integer from 0 to 2
- r is an integer from 1 to 25
- s is an integer from 0 to 12
- t is an integer from 1 to 20
- u is an integer from 0 to 12
- V represents an integer of 1 to 20
- w represents an integer of 1 to 25.
- X is halogen
- Y is hydrogen, an alkyl group, an alkoxyl group, a fluoroalkyl group, or a fluoroalkoxy group.
- silane compounds include the following (15) to (21).
- an isocyanate compound in which all chlorosilyl groups are handled as an isocyanate group for example, (22) to (26) shown below may be used.
- silane compound instead of the silane compound described above, a silane compound specifically exemplified in the following (27)-(33) may be used.
- silane compound generally SiY (OA) (Y is the same as above, ⁇ is al k 4-k
- Kill group may be a substance represented by 0, 1, 2 or 3).
- CF — (CF)-(R) -SiY (OA) (n is an integer of 1 or more, preferably an integer of 1 to 22, R
- silane compounds include the following (34) to (57).
- the covering layer 6 can be formed of a monomolecular layer using such a material.
- the monolayer is an ultra-thin film with a thickness of several nanometers. Therefore, the voltage drop is reduced when a high DC voltage is applied in the polling process performed to develop the piezoelectric characteristics after the pressure-sensitive body 1 is manufactured. That is, the efficiency of polling can be improved, the processing time can be shortened, and excellent piezoelectric characteristics can be realized.
- the amount of water repellent material used can be remarkably reduced by making the coating layer 6 a monomolecular layer, the piezoelectric element can be manufactured at low cost.
- the formation of the coating layer as a monomolecular layer in this way is also preferable for the coating layer in other embodiments described later.
- a water-repellent material having a contact angle with distilled water of 125 ° or more for the coating layer 6.
- changes in the electrical characteristics, piezoelectric characteristics, and mechanical strength of the piezoelectric element in a high temperature and high humidity environment are significantly reduced. This is presumably because such a water repellent material can obtain high water repellency with respect to condensed water even under high temperature environment.
- the contact angle is less than 180 ° by definition, the contact angle with distilled water is less than 125 °.
- a water repellent material with an upper angle of less than 180 ° is preferred.
- a super water-repellent material having a contact angle with distilled water of 150 ° or more is preferable. Such a preferable contact angle range is the same for the coating layers in other embodiments described later.
- Examples of the water-repellent material having a contact angle of the coating layer 6 with distilled water of 150 ° or more include the above-mentioned fatty acid salts, fatty acid amides, fluorine-based resins, silicon-based resins and silanic compounds.
- fatty acid salts those containing calcium are particularly excellent in water repellency. The reason for this is not clear!
- the pressure-sensitive body 1 produced using a water-repellent material of fatty acid calcium is softer than that using a water-repellent material other than calcium and also having a fatty acid salt strength, it is excellent in kneadability even under the same kneading conditions. . Since the kneadability is excellent, the piezoelectric ceramic powder 3 subjected to the water repellent treatment is uniformly dispersed in the organic polymer 4. In other words, the piezoelectric ceramic powder 5 is in a state of being uniformly coated on the organic polymer 4 as well as the coating layer 6 of the water repellent material, and this is considered to realize better water repellency.
- the piezoelectric ceramic powder 5 is immersed in a solution containing a water-repellent material adjusted to a predetermined concentration by diluting with an appropriate solvent as described above. Then, the piezoelectric ceramic powder 3 subjected to water repellent treatment is prepared by drying the piezoelectric ceramic powder 5 after immersion. In addition, the piezoelectric ceramic powder 5 may be immersed in a solution of a water repellent material heated to a melting temperature. When the water-repellent material is solid, the piezoelectric ceramic powder 3 subjected to the water-repellent treatment may be produced by mixing the piezoelectric ceramic powder 5 with a predetermined amount of the water-repellent material powder. One type of water repellent material may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- Non-aqueous solvents that do not contain active hydrogen are preferably used as the solvent suitable for the silane compound, and water-free hydrocarbon solvents, fluorocarbon solvents, silicon solvents, and the like are used. It is done.
- those that can be used specifically include petroleum naphtha, sorbent naphtha, petroleum ether, petroleum benzine, isoparaffin, normal paraffin, decalin, industrial gasoline, kerosene, rigging in, dimethylsilicone, -Silicone, alkyl-modified silicon, polyester silicon and the like.
- Fluorocarbon solvents include chlorofluorocarbon solvents, perfluorooctane, and trisperfluoro n-butylamine solvents. These may be used alone, or 2 if they are mixed well. You can use more than one species in combination.
- Piezoelectric ceramic powder 5 has a perovskite structure compound such as lead titanate, lead zirconate, lead zirconate titanate, bismuth sodium titanate, barium titanate, and alkali niobate, and has a bismuth layered structure.
- a compound, a compound having a tungsten bronze structure, or the like can be used. These materials are ceramic materials that develop piezoelectricity by poling treatment.
- the piezoelectric ceramic powder 5 comes into contact with an electrolyte such as water, the components contained in the piezoelectric ceramic powder 5 are eluted.
- the compound of potassium niobate contains an alkaline component that is easily eluted in water. For this reason, in the environment of high temperature and high humidity, the change of the electrical characteristics that the elution of alkali components is large becomes large.
- the resistivity of the piezoelectric ceramic containing an alkali component is lower than that of, for example, lead zirconate titanate. For this reason, when the alkaline component is eluted, the absolute value of the electrical resistance is further reduced, and there is a possibility that it cannot be used as a pressure-sensitive sensor in a circuit configuration in which a constant voltage is constantly applied to the piezoelectric element to detect pressure.
- the piezoelectric ceramic powder 5 is subjected to a water repellent treatment to form the coating layer 6, so that elution of alkali components is suppressed and a significant decrease in electrical resistance is prevented.
- a circuit configuration that constantly detects a pressure by applying a constant voltage to the piezoelectric element can be used as a pressure-sensitive sensor, and has high practicality.
- the configuration according to the present embodiment is particularly effective when a material containing an alkaline component is used for the piezoelectric ceramic powder 5.
- the piezoelectric ceramic powder 5 a compound containing at least one of bismuth sodium titanate, barium titanate, sodium niobate, and potassium niobate as a main component may be used. And are preferred. In this configuration, there is no possibility of environmental pollution where lead elution does not occur even if the piezoelectric element is disposed of and exposed to an environment such as acid rain.
- the coating layer 6 is provided on the piezoelectric ceramic powder 5 to prevent the components of the piezoelectric ceramic powder 5 from being eluted, so that the elution of metals other than lead is suppressed and the safety is further improved.
- Piezoelectric characteristics are manifested by applying a high-voltage DC voltage between both electrodes and performing a poling process.
- An important piezoelectric characteristic when the piezoelectric element according to the present embodiment is used as a pressure-sensitive sensor is a voltage output constant serving as an index of a generated voltage.
- the pressure sensitive body 1 is composed of a composite of the piezoelectric ceramic powder 5 and the organic polymer 4.
- the relative permittivity of the piezoelectric ceramic powder 5 (the dielectric constant of the material Z) is several hundred to several thousand, whereas the relative permittivity of the organic polymer 4 is several tens.
- the DC voltage applied during the poling process is distributed in inverse proportion to the ratio between the dielectric constant of the piezoelectric ceramic powder 5 and the dielectric constant of the organic polymer 4. Therefore, a high DC voltage is applied to the organic polymer 4. In other words, when the same organic polymer 4 is used, a higher voltage is applied to the organic polymer 4 as the dielectric constant of the piezoelectric ceramic powder 5 is higher.
- the piezoelectric ceramic powder 5 has a voltage output constant that is at least three times better than the piezoelectric ceramic powder 5 of lead zirconate titanate. can get. From this point, useful piezoelectric ceramic powders 5 include those containing bismuth sodium titanate, barium titanate, sodium niobate, and potassium niobate as main components.
- the relative dielectric constant of the piezoelectric ceramic powder 5 is preferably greater than 0 and less than or equal to 1000. That's right. However, since sodium niobate (relative dielectric constant is 120) has the lowest practical dielectric constant, it is preferable that the piezoelectric ceramic powder 5 has a relative dielectric constant of 120 or more and 1000 or less. Such a preferable range of the relative dielectric constant is the same in other embodiments described later.
- the piezoelectric ceramic powder 5 having bismuth sodium titanate or barium titanate has less free alkaline components in the free than the piezoelectric ceramic powder 5 having sodium niobate and potassium niobate.
- the amount of the alkaline component eluted through the coating layer 6 becomes smaller, and the change in electrical characteristics becomes smaller.
- the piezoelectric ceramic powder 5 having the power of sodium niobate and potassium niobate has a higher ratio than the piezoelectric ceramic powder 5 of lead titanate, lead zircon, lead zirconate titanate, bismuth sodium titanate and barium titanate. Low dielectric constant. Therefore, the DC voltage applied to the piezoelectric ceramic powder 5 is increased and the voltage output constant is increased during the poling process performed to produce the pressure sensitive body 1 and develop the piezoelectricity.
- the material used for the piezoelectric ceramic powder 5 may be appropriately selected according to the environment in which the piezoelectric element is used and the sensitivity required.
- a flexible conductive composition produced by kneading conductive powder and a flexible organic polymer such as rubber or thermoplastic elastomer is extruded.
- a conductive layer formed by using is used.
- the conductive powder materials include carbon (C), platinum (Pt), gold (Au), palladium (Pd), silver (Ag), copper (Cu), aluminum (A1), and nickel (Ni). Both include powders containing one species.
- a conductive film coated with a conductive paint (paste) in which these conductive powders are dispersed in an organic polymer may be used! ⁇ .
- a thin vapor-deposited film formed on the pressure-sensitive body 1 by a method such as vacuum vapor deposition, sputtering, or CVD may be used as at least one of the materials listed above.
- At least one type of foil of C, Pt, Au, Pd, Ag, Cu, Al, and Ni is bonded to both sides of a polymer film such as polyethylene terephthalate, and a conductive layer with a conductive film force is used.
- a polymer film such as polyethylene terephthalate
- Examples of the organic polymer 4 having flexibility include a material containing at least one of a thermoplastic elastomer and rubber. These flexible organic polymers 4 impart excellent elasticity and flexibility to the piezoelectric element. Therefore, the piezoelectric element is large with respect to the applied pressure. The repulsive force and the displacement amount can be obtained, and the piezoelectric characteristics are improved. In particular, when chlorinated polyethylene or chlorosulfonated polyethylene is used as the thermoplastic elastomer, the content of the piezoelectric ceramic powder 5 in the pressure-sensitive body 1 can be increased, so that the piezoelectric characteristics of the piezoelectric element are improved.
- a titanium coupling agent may be used.
- the titanium coupling agent covers the piezoelectric ceramic powder 3 that has been subjected to water repellent treatment, and has a hydrophobic side chain organic functional group on the outside.
- the familiarity (wetting property) with the organic polymer 4 is improved, the overall viscosity is lowered, and the workability, flexibility, and dispersibility of the water-repellent piezoceramic powder 3 are improved. Therefore, the expression of piezoelectricity is remarkably improved.
- isopropoxytriisostearoyl titanate, isopropoxytris dioctyl pyrophosphate titanate as the titanium coupling agent.
- chlorinated polyethylene or chlorosulfone polyethylene is used as the organic polymer 4 and the titanium coupling agent is used, the familiarity with the water-repellent treated piezoelectric ceramic powder 3 is improved. Therefore, shortening of the kneading process time, improvement of piezoelectric characteristics, stabilization of piezoelectric characteristics, and improvement of flexibility are realized.
- the pressure sensitive body 1 can be easily formed into an arbitrary shape such as a sheet shape or a cable shape.
- the SP value (solubility parameter) of isopropoxytriisostearoyl titanate and isopropoxytris * dioctylpyrophosphate titanate is a value of 8-9.
- the SP value of chlorinated polyethylene and chlorosulfonated polyethylene is 9 to 9.5. It is considered that the SP values of both are similar to each other, which is the reason why the blended materials are familiar.
- the surface of the piezoelectric ceramic powder 5 is subjected to water repellent treatment to form a coating layer 6, thereby producing the water repellent treated piezoelectric ceramic powder 3.
- Water-repellent materials include calcium oleate (fatty acid salt), polytetrafluoroethylene (fluorine-based resin), heptadecafluorodecyltrichlorosilane (silane compound), methacrylate Use four kinds of steal (acrylic grease).
- For calcium oleate use a solution dissolved by heating.
- For polytetrafluoroethylene use a solution diluted with the solvent methylethylketone.
- heptadecafluorodecyltrichlorosilane a solution containing hexamethylsiloxane as a solvent is used.
- methacrylic acid ester a solution diluted with a solvent xylene is used.
- the piezoelectric ceramic powder 5 is immersed in each of these solutions, and then dried to give a water repellent treatment to form the coating layer 6.
- the four types of water-repellent piezoceramic powders 3 are mixed so that about 60% by volume and the organic polymer 4 is about 35% by volume of chlorinated polyethylene. Further, isopropoxy triisostearoyl titanate is added as a titanium coupling agent and kneaded with a roll machine. In this way, a piezoelectric composition pressure-sensitive body is produced, and a sheet-like pressure-sensitive body 1 having a thickness of about 0.5 mm is produced using a hot press machine.
- This conductive sheet is fused to both surfaces of the sheet-like pressure sensitive body 1 to form the electrodes 2A and 2B.
- poling is performed by applying a DC voltage of 5kVZmm between electrodes 2A and 2B in 100 ° C air to produce a sheet-like piezoelectric element with a width of 20mm and a length of 120mm. To do.
- the sheet-like piezoelectric element manufactured using four types of water-repellent materials was subjected to a high-temperature and high-humidity test using a constant-temperature and humidity chamber at 85 ° C and a relative humidity of 85%. carry out.
- a sheet-like piezoelectric element in which the above-mentioned piezoelectric ceramic powder is not subjected to water repellent treatment is also produced and tested in the same manner.
- Fig. 5 is a graph showing the change over time of the electrical resistance of each sheet-shaped piezoelectric element subjected to the high-temperature and high-humidity test
- Fig. 6 is the time-dependent capacitance of each sheet-shaped piezoelectric element subjected to the high-temperature and high-humidity test. It is a graph which shows change. The changes in electrical resistance and capacitance are shown as the initial electrical resistance value and the rate of change relative to the capacitance. These results show values obtained by taking out each sheet-like piezoelectric element after the elapse of each test time and measuring the electric resistance and capacitance at room temperature. The frequency of 1kHz is applied to these measurements.
- the sheet-like piezoelectric element subjected to the water-repellent treatment has a change in electric resistance and a change in capacitance compared to the sheet-like piezoelectric element not subjected to the water-repellent treatment.
- small. Ma It has been confirmed that the water-repellent effect is maintained even after 200 hours. It can be seen that the water repellent effect is maintained even when used in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment for a long time since the rate of change of each of the test times tends to be saturated. This is considered to be due to the fact that the penetration of water into the pressure sensitive body 1 is suppressed and the elution of the components of the piezoelectric ceramic powder 5 is reduced.
- the piezoelectric ceramic powder 5 is subjected to water repellent treatment to form the coating layer 6, thereby suppressing changes in the electrical characteristics (electric resistance, capacitance) of the piezoelectric element. . Moreover, the effect lasts for a long time. Therefore, a piezoelectric element with stable electrical characteristics and excellent durability can be obtained.
- the contact angle was measured even when the surface of the piezoelectric ceramic powder 5 was treated with a titanium coupling agent.
- Table 1 shows the names of the water-repellent materials used in the measurement and the measurement results of the contact angle.
- the piezoelectric ceramic powder treated with the water repellent material exhibits a large contact angle.
- Such a large contact angle exhibits an effect of suppressing water permeation into the pressure sensitive body 1.
- the water-repellent material that suppresses the change in the electrical characteristics of the piezoelectric element has a contact angle of 125 ° or more, particularly distilled water. It can be seen that it is. Further, it is more preferably 150 ° or more.
- the tensile strength of the piezoelectric element using the water-repellent piezoelectric ceramic powder 3 is high. And the penetration of water into the pressure sensitive body 1 is prevented. Therefore, a decrease in tensile strength is prevented, and a piezoelectric element having excellent mechanical strength is realized.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the sheet-like piezoelectric element according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- the piezoelectric element shown in FIG. 7 differs from the piezoelectric element of Embodiment 1 in that a coating layer 8 that also has a water repellent material force is provided on the surface of a piezoelectric composition pressure-sensitive body (hereinafter, pressure-sensitive body) 7. It is.
- the sheet-like pressure sensitive body 7 includes the piezoelectric ceramic powder 5 described in the first embodiment and the organic polymer 4 having flexibility.
- the piezoelectric ceramic powder 5 is not subjected to water repellent treatment.
- the coating layer 8 is formed by subjecting the surface of the pressure sensitive body 7 to a water repellent treatment.
- the electrodes 2A and 2B are formed on the surface of the coating layer 8 in the same manner as in the first embodiment. In FIG. 7, the coating layer 8 is provided on the surface on which the electrodes 2A and 2B are formed. That is, the coating layer 8 covers at least a part of the surface of the pressure sensitive body 7.
- the piezoelectric ceramic powder 5 and the organic polymer 4 in FIG. 3 are kneaded (S6).
- kneading is performed using a processing machine such as a two-sided roll so that the piezoelectric ceramic powder 5 is uniformly mixed and dispersed in the organic polymer 4.
- a titanium coupling agent may be added to improve kneading.
- the kneaded product is processed using a processing machine such as a roll or a hot press to produce a sheet-like pressure-sensitive body 7 (S7).
- the pressure sensitive body 7 is dipped in a solution containing a water repellent material adjusted to a predetermined concentration by diluting with an appropriate solvent and dried to give a water repellent treatment to form a coating layer 8 (S8 ).
- the water-repellent material heated to the melting temperature The coating layer 8 may be formed by immersing and drying the pressure sensitive body 7 in the above solution. Some of them are 7 pressure sensitive bodies.
- the coating layer 8 may be formed by adhering a predetermined amount of powder of water repellent material.
- electrodes 2A and 2B are formed on both surfaces of the pressure-sensitive body 7 that has been subjected to the water-repellent treatment (S9).
- the electrode manufacturing method is the same as step S4 in the first embodiment.
- a poling process is performed by applying a DC voltage between the electrodes 2A and 2B in the air or in a silicon oil bath in order to develop piezoelectricity (S10), and a sheet-like piezoelectric element is produced.
- the poling process (S10) is performed after forming the electrode 2A and the electrode 2B (S9) (S7) or after producing the sheet-like pressure sensitive body 7 (S7) or on the sheet-like pressure sensitive body 7 with water repellency.
- the piezoelectric element having this configuration is used in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment as described in Embodiment 1, the water vapor that has passed through the electrodes 2A and 2B passes between the electrode 2A and the pressure-sensitive body 7, The water is condensed between the electrode 2B and the pressure sensor 7.
- the coating layer 8 having water repellency is provided on the surface of the pressure sensitive body 7, water penetration into the pressure sensitive body 7 is prevented. That is, the coating layer 8 suppresses the absorption of moisture into the piezoelectric ceramic powder 5. Therefore, changes in the electrical characteristics, piezoelectric characteristics, and mechanical strength of the piezoelectric element are reduced, and a piezoelectric element having excellent durability and reliability can be obtained.
- the covering layer 8 has a great effect of preventing the change in the capacitance of the piezoelectric element and the softness of the pressure-sensitive body 7.
- the water-repellent material When the water-repellent material is added to the piezoelectric ceramic powder 5 and the organic polymer 4 and mixed and dispersed by using a processing machine such as a single roll, the water-repellent material becomes the pressure-sensitive body 7 It exists in a dispersed state inside. For this reason, the water-repellent material cannot completely cover the surface of the pressure-sensitive body 7 even if it is subjected to calorie using a processing machine such as a roll or a hot press, and excellent water repellency cannot be obtained. Therefore, in order to realize excellent water repellency, it is necessary to provide a coating layer 8 of a water repellent material on the surface of the pressure sensitive body 7.
- the material constituting the coating layer 8 is the same as that of the coating layer 6 of the first embodiment, a detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the sheet-like piezoelectric element according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- the piezoelectric element shown in FIG. 9 is different from the piezoelectric element of Embodiment 1 in that a piezoelectric composition pressure-sensitive body (hereinafter referred to as the piezoelectric element)
- a pressure-sensitive body) 7 and a surface of the electrode 2 are provided with a coating layer 9 having a water repellent material force, and a protective layer 10 is provided to cover and protect them.
- the sheet-like pressure sensitive body 7 includes the piezoelectric ceramic powder 5 described in the first embodiment and the organic polymer 4 having flexibility.
- the covering layer 9 is formed by subjecting the surfaces of the electrodes 2A and 2B and the surface of the pressure sensitive body 7 to a water repellent treatment. Further, a protective layer 10 is provided to cover the pressure sensitive body 7, the electrodes 2A and 2B, and the covering layer 9.
- the piezoelectric ceramic powder 5 and the organic polymer 4 are kneaded (Sl l). Then, the kneaded product is covered with a processing machine such as a roll or a hot press to produce a sheet-like pressure sensitive body 7 (S12). Steps Sl l and S12 are the same as steps S6 and S7 in the second embodiment, respectively, and a description thereof is omitted.
- electrodes 2A and 2B are formed on both surfaces of the pressure sensitive body 7 (S13).
- the electrode manufacturing method is the same as step S4 of the first embodiment.
- the pressure sensitive body 7 on which the electrodes 2A and 2B are formed is covered with a water repellent treatment by dipping in a solution containing a water repellent material adjusted to a predetermined concentration by diluting with an appropriate solvent and drying.
- Layer 9 is formed (S 14).
- the coating layer 9 may be formed by immersing and drying the pressure sensitive body 7 on which the electrodes 2A and 2B are formed in a solution of a water repellent material heated to a melting temperature.
- the coating layer 9 may be formed by adhering a predetermined amount of powder of water repellent material to the pressure sensitive body 7 on which the electrodes 2A and 2B are formed. In this way, the coating layer 9 is formed on at least the surfaces of the electrodes 2A and 2B. If the electrodes 2A and 2B completely cover the surface of the pressure-sensitive body 7, the coating layer 9 is formed on the surface of the pressure-sensitive body 7 that is exposed.
- the material of the protective layer 10 is added to a sheet using a processing machine such as a roll or a hot press.
- a processing machine such as a roll or a hot press.
- the pressure-sensitive body 7 and the electrodes 2A and 2B that have been subjected to the water-repellent treatment are covered (S15).
- a poling process is performed by applying a DC voltage between the electrodes 2A and 2B in air or a silicon oil bath in order to develop piezoelectricity (S 16), and a sheet-like piezoelectric element is manufactured.
- the protective layer 10 may be formed after performing the polling process.
- the poling treatment (S16) may be performed using the two pseudo electrodes after the force sheet-shaped pressure sensitive body 7 formed after forming the protective layer 10 (S15) (S12). Alternatively, it may be performed after the electrodes 2A and 2B are formed (SI 3) or after the water-repellent coating layer 9 is formed (S14).
- the protective layer 10 an organic polymer having elasticity is used so as not to impair the flexibility of the pressure sensitive body 7 and the electrodes 2A and 2B, and thermoplastic elastomers and rubber materials are particularly suitable. ing .
- the thickness of the protective layer 10 is not limited, but in order not to impair the piezoelectric characteristics of the pressure sensitive body 7, it is preferable to set the thickness to 0.2 to 2 mm.
- a coating layer 9 is formed on the surface of the pressure-sensitive body 7 in contact with the protective layer 10 and the surfaces of the electrodes 2A and 2B. Therefore, water penetration into the pressure sensitive body 7 is suppressed. That is, the coating layer 9 suppresses the absorption of moisture into the piezoelectric ceramic powder 5.
- changes in the electrical characteristics, piezoelectric characteristics, and mechanical strength of the piezoelectric element are reduced, and a piezoelectric element having excellent durability and reliability can be obtained.
- the electrodes 2A and 2B since the penetration of water into the electrodes 2A and 2B is suppressed, a change in the electrical resistance of the electrodes 2A and 2B is prevented. Therefore, the electrodes 2A and 2B always stably transmit the piezoelectric characteristics of the pressure sensitive body 7 to the detection circuit.
- the material constituting the coating layer 9 is the same as that of the coating layer 6 of the first embodiment, a detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- the protective layer 10 used in the present embodiment can also be applied to the piezoelectric elements described in the first and second embodiments, and has the same effect.
- FIG. 11 is a partial cross-sectional view of the cable-shaped piezoelectric element according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention. is there.
- This piezoelectric element includes a core electrode 11 as a first electrode, a flexible piezoelectric composition pressure-sensitive body (hereinafter referred to as a pressure-sensitive body) 12, a flexible outer electrode 13 as a second electrode, and electrical insulation. And a protective layer 14 made of an elastic body.
- the pressure sensitive body 12 is formed on the surface of the core electrode 11, the outer electrode 13 is formed on the surface of the pressure sensitive body 12, and the protective layer 14 is formed on the surface of the outer electrode 13.
- the core electrode 11 and the outer electrode 13 are insulated by a pressure sensitive body 12.
- the core electrode 11 one or a plurality of metal wires, or a configuration in which a metal such as copper is wound around the converging wires of many polyester fibers, is used.
- the pressure sensitive body 12 also has a material force having the same composition as that of the pressure sensitive body 1 in the first embodiment.
- the outer electrode 13 is formed by winding a conductive film in which a metal foil is bonded to both surfaces around a cable-shaped pressure sensitive body 12.
- the flexible conductive composition may be formed of a conductive layer formed by extrusion molding, or may be formed of a conductive film coated with a conductive paint (paste).
- the conductive material may be formed of a thin vapor deposition film formed on the pressure sensitive body 12 by a method such as vacuum vapor deposition, sputtering, or CVD.
- the conductive material used is the same as in the first embodiment.
- the protective layer 14 is formed by extruding the same material as that of the protective layer 10 in the third embodiment.
- the piezoelectric ceramic powder 5 described in Embodiment 1 is subjected to water repellent treatment to form a coating layer 6 (S17).
- the water-repellent piezoceramic powder 3 is kneaded so as to be uniformly mixed and dispersed in the organic polymer 4 (S18).
- a titanium coupling agent may be added to improve kneading! /.
- the kneaded product is used to produce a sheet-shaped piezoelectric composition pressure-sensitive body using a roll processing machine (S19), and the sheet-shaped piezoelectric composition pressure-sensitive body is processed using a processing machine such as a pelletizer. Process into pellets (S20).
- a pellet-shaped piezoelectric composition pressure-sensitive body is extruded using an extrusion molding machine, and a layer of the pressure-sensitive body 12 is formed around the core electrode 11. That is, a layer of the pressure sensitive body 12 is provided around the core electrode 11 (S21).
- the outer electrode 13 is formed by using any one of the above-described materials by any one of the above-described processing methods (S22).
- the protective layer 14 is formed by extrusion molding using an organic polymer such as a thermoplastic elastomer having elasticity or rubber (S23). Then, develop piezoelectricity Therefore, a poling process is performed by applying a DC voltage between the core electrode 11 and the outer electrode 13 in air or in a silicon oil bath (S 24), and a cable-shaped piezoelectric element is manufactured.
- the protective layer 14 may be provided after performing the polling process.
- the polling process (S2 4) corresponds to the core electrode and the outer electrode after forming the layer of the pressure sensitive body 12 around the core electrode 11 (S21) performed after forming the protective layer 14 (S23). This may be performed by using the pseudo electrode, or after forming the outer electrode 13 (S22).
- the cable-shaped piezoelectric element fabricated in this way is connected to the control circuit by removing the protective layer 14 and the pressure-sensitive body 12 at one end and exposing the core electrode 11 and the outer electrode 13 And used as a pressure-sensitive sensor.
- the piezoelectric element configured as described above is used in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment as described in Embodiment 1, the amount of diffusion of water vapor into the pressure-sensitive body 12 is reduced because the protective layer 14 is present. .
- the gap between the three-dimensional network molecular structures of the organic polymer in the protective layer 14 is larger than the size of the water vapor molecules, so that the water vapor cannot be completely prevented by the protective layer 14. Therefore, the water vapor passes through the outer electrode 13 and is condensed on the surface of the pressure sensitive body 12 to generate water.
- the water-repellent coating layer 6 is formed on the surface of the piezoelectric ceramic powder 5 constituting the pressure-sensitive body 12, the penetration of water is suppressed.
- the coating layer 6 suppresses the absorption of moisture into the piezoelectric ceramic powder 5. Therefore, as in the first embodiment, changes in the electrical characteristics, piezoelectric characteristics, and mechanical strength of the cable-shaped piezoelectric element are reduced, and a cable-shaped piezoelectric element excellent in durability and reliability can be obtained.
- Piezoelectric ceramic powder (Bi Na) Ba TiO which is a solid solution of bismuth sodium titanate with an average particle size of about 1 ⁇ m and barium titanate, and lead titanate and zircon with an average particle size of about 1 m
- Pb (Zr'Ti) 0 which is a solid solution with lead acid, is used.
- calcium oleate for water repellent material, calcium oleate
- each piezoelectric ceramic powder is subjected to a water repellent treatment in the same manner as in the first embodiment.
- the covering layer 6 is formed.
- the water-repellent piezoceramic powder 3 is mixed so that about 60% by volume and chlorinated polyethylene become about 35% by volume. Further, isopropoxy triisostearoyl titanate is added as a titanium coupling agent and kneaded with a roll machine. After the piezoelectric composition pressure-sensitive sheet is prepared in this way, pellets are prepared using a pelletizer.
- the core electrode 11 is produced by winding a copper foil around the converging lines of many polyester fibers having a diameter of 0.45 mm. Then, the pressure-sensitive body 12 is coated around the core electrode 11 so as to have a thickness of about 0.6 mm by using a pellet of the pressure-sensitive body of the piezoelectric composition and using an extrusion molding machine.
- a conductive film is produced in which an aluminum foil having a width of 3 mm and a thickness of 10 m is bonded to both surfaces of a polymer film of polyethylene terephthalate having a width of 3 mm and a thickness of 12 ⁇ m.
- This conductive film is wound on the surface of the pressure sensitive body 12 so that a part of the conductive film overlaps to form the outer electrode 13.
- a protective layer 14 is formed by covering the outer electrode 13 with an olefin-based thermoplastic elastomer so as to have a thickness of about 0.5 mm using an extrusion molding machine.
- a cable-shaped piezoelectric element is manufactured, and a polling treatment is performed by applying a DC voltage of 5 kVZmm between the core electrode 11 and the outer electrode 13 in air at 100 ° C. in order to develop piezoelectricity. .
- the piezoelectric element using the water-repellent piezoelectric ceramic powder 3 has a small change in electrical resistance and capacitance.
- cable-like piezoelectric elements having different shapes can obtain the same effects as the sheet-like piezoelectric elements.
- the electrical resistance of the piezoelectric element decreases in a high temperature and high humidity environment. This is considered to be because the components of the piezoelectric ceramic powder 5 are dissolved in water. Also, the change in electrical resistance is (Bi N
- Piezoelectric element using Ba TiO as piezoelectric ceramic powder 5 is Pb (Zr.Ti) 0
- 1/2 0.85 0.15 3 is larger than the piezoelectric element used for the piezoelectric ceramic powder 5. This indicates that the alkali component contained in the piezoelectric ceramic powder 5 is easily dissolved in water.
- the piezoelectric element has a low specific resistance and further decreases in a high temperature and high humidity environment. As the cable-shaped piezoelectric element becomes longer, the electrical resistance further decreases. If the electrical resistance is low in this way, there is a possibility that it cannot be used as a pressure sensor in a circuit configuration in which a constant voltage is constantly applied to the piezoelectric element to detect pressure.
- the piezoelectric characteristics are the charge calculated from the relationship between the voltage and load generated at that time, with a constant load applied to the center of the cable-shaped piezoelectric element, with the load being changed at a constant frequency. Evaluate by the amount generated. (Table 5) shows the rate of change of charge generation after 20 hours of high temperature and high humidity test.
- a cable-like piezoelectric element is produced in the same manner as described above so that the water-repellent piezoelectric ceramic powder 3 is about 60% by volume and the chlorinated polyethylene is about 35% by volume.
- a DC voltage of 5 kVZmm is applied between the core electrode 11 and the outer electrode 13 in air at 100 ° C. to perform a poling process.
- the ratio of the voltage output constant of the piezoelectric element using other materials as the piezoelectric ceramic powder 5 when the voltage output coefficient of the cable-shaped piezoelectric element is used as a reference is shown.
- the mechanism for improving the preferable relative dielectric constant range and voltage output constant is the same as in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is a partial cross-sectional view of the cable-like piezoelectric element according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- the piezoelectric element shown in FIG. 13 is different from the piezoelectric element of Embodiment 4 in that a coating layer 15 made of a water-repellent material is provided on the surface of a piezoelectric composition pressure-sensitive body (hereinafter, pressure-sensitive body) 22. It is a point.
- the cable-shaped piezoelectric element in the present embodiment has a core electrode 11, a flexible pressure sensitive body 22, a coating layer 15, an outer electrode 13, and a protective layer 14.
- the pressure sensitive body 22 is formed on the surface of the core electrode 11, and the coating layer 15 is formed by subjecting the surface to a water repellent treatment.
- Pressure sensor 22 is piezoelectric ceramic
- the piezoelectric ceramic powder 5 is not subjected to water repellent treatment.
- the outer electrode 13 is formed on the surface of the coating layer 15, and the protective layer 14 made of an electrically insulating elastic body is formed on the surface of the outer electrode 13.
- the coating layer 15 is formed only on the surface of the pressure-sensitive body 22 where the outer electrode 13 is formed. That is, the covering layer 15 covers at least a part of the surface of the pressure sensitive body 22.
- the manufacturing process of the cable-shaped piezoelectric element according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
- the piezoelectric ceramic powder 5 and the organic polymer 4 in FIG. 3 are kneaded (S25). This step is the same as step S6 in the second embodiment.
- a sheet-like piezoelectric composition pressure-sensitive body is produced with a roll processing machine (S26).
- the sheet-like piezoelectric composition pressure-sensitive body is processed into a pellet using a processing machine such as a pelletizer (S27).
- a pellet-shaped piezoelectric composition pressure-sensitive body is extruded using an extrusion-type processing machine, and a layer of the pressure-sensitive body 22 is formed around the core electrode 11. That is, a layer of the pressure sensitive body 22 is provided around the core electrode 11 (S28).
- a coating layer 15 formed by subjecting the surface of the pressure sensitive body 22 to a water repellent treatment is formed (S29). Step S29 is similar to step S8 in the second embodiment.
- the outer electrode 13 is formed on the cable-shaped pressure sensitive body 22 (S30). Further, the protective layer 14 is formed (S31). Thereafter, a polling process is performed (S32), and a cable-like piezoelectric element is manufactured. Steps S30, S31, and S32 are the same as S22, S23, and S24 of the fourth embodiment, respectively.
- the protective layer 14 may be provided after performing the polling process.
- the polling treatment (S32) is performed after forming the pressure sensitive body 22 around the core electrode 11 formed after the protective layer 14 is formed (S31) (S28), or the water-repellent coating layer. After forming 15 (S29), it may be performed using the pseudo electrode corresponding to the core electrode and the outer electrode, or may be performed after forming the outer electrode 13 (S30).
- the cable-shaped piezoelectric element thus fabricated is connected to the control circuit by removing the protective layer 14 and the pressure-sensitive body 22 at one end and exposing the core electrode 11 and the outer electrode 13. Used as a pressure sensitive sensor.
- the cable-shaped piezoelectric element having the above configuration is used in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment similar to that in Embodiment 1, the amount of water vapor diffusing into the pressure-sensitive body 22 is reduced because the protective layer 14 is present. It is. However, the gap in the three-dimensional network molecular structure of the organic polymer in the protective layer 14 is larger than the size of the water vapor molecule. Therefore, when the protective layer 14 has a thickness of 2 mm or less, the diffusion of water vapor cannot be completely prevented, and water is generated between the pressure sensitive body 22 and the outer electrode 13.
- the water-repellent coating layer 15 is formed on the surface of the pressure-sensitive body 22, the penetration of water into the pressure-sensitive body 22 is suppressed. Then, the elution of the components of the piezoelectric ceramic powder 5 contained in the pressure sensitive body 22 is reduced. That is, the coating layer 15 suppresses the absorption of moisture into the piezoelectric ceramic powder 5. Therefore, as in the fourth embodiment, changes in the electrical characteristics, piezoelectric characteristics, and mechanical strength of the cable-shaped piezoelectric element are reduced, and a cable-shaped piezoelectric element having excellent durability and reliability can be obtained.
- a water repellent treatment step is provided between the extrusion of the pressure-sensitive body 22 and the roll winding operation, and the roll winding operation can be performed while performing the water repellent treatment. That is, the water repellent treatment can be continuously performed on the surface of the pressure-sensitive body 22 without significantly changing the production process, and productivity is not impaired.
- the extrusion molding is performed by heating the pressure-sensitive body 22, it is necessary to cool the cable-shaped pressure-sensitive body 22 between the extrusion molding and scraping with a roll.
- the water repellent treatment step can also be used as a cooling step. Productivity is ensured by this manufacturing method.
- the water-repellent material is added to the piezoelectric ceramic powder 5 and the organic polymer 4 and mixed and dispersed by using a processing machine such as a single roll, the water-repellent material is still a pressure-sensitive body. It exists in a state of being distributed inside 22. Therefore, even if extrusion is performed using an extrusion molding machine and a coating layer of the pressure sensitive body 22 is formed around the core electrode 11, the water repellent material cannot completely cover the surface of the pressure sensitive body 22. , Excellent water repellency cannot be obtained. Therefore, in order to realize excellent water repellency, it is necessary to provide a coating layer 15 of a water repellent material on the surface of the pressure sensitive body 22. This effect will be specifically described.
- a piezoelectric element is produced.
- the fabricated piezoelectric element is subjected to a high-temperature and high-humidity test for 20 hours under the same conditions as in Embodiment 1, and the water repellency effect is evaluated by the change in electrical resistance at that time.
- a piezoelectric element having no coating layer 15 and a piezoelectric composition pressure-sensitive body prepared by adding a water-repellent material to the piezoelectric ceramic powder 5 and the organic polymer 4 are used and coated.
- a piezoelectric element without the layer 15 is fabricated and evaluated in the same manner. The electrical resistance is measured at a frequency of 1 kHz. (Table 7) shows the rate of change in electrical resistance after the high-temperature and high-humidity test.
- FIG. 15 is a partial cross-sectional view of the cable-like piezoelectric element according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention.
- the cable-shaped piezoelectric element shown in FIG. 15 differs from the piezoelectric element in the fifth embodiment in that the coating layer 16 made of a water-repellent material is outside the surface of the piezoelectric composition pressure-sensitive body (hereinafter, pressure-sensitive body) 22. This is a point provided on the surface of the electrode 13. Other configurations are the same as those in the fifth embodiment.
- the coating layer 16 is provided on the entire surface of the outer electrode 13. However, the coating layer 16 may be provided partially, and the portion without the coating layer 16 may be covered with a water vapor impermeable film! That is, the coating layer 16 covers at least a part of the outer electrode.
- FIG. 16 shows a manufacturing process of the cable-like piezoelectric element in the present embodiment.
- the step S33 for mixing the material constituting the pressure sensitive body 22, the step S34 for processing the sheet, the step S35 for further processing the pellet, and the step S36 for forming a layer by coating the pellet on the core electrode 11 are respectively carried out. Same as steps S25, S26, S27, S28 in step 5.
- step S30 in the fifth embodiment the cable-shaped pressure sensitive body 22 is formed.
- the outer electrode 13 is formed (S37).
- the surface of the outer electrode 13 is subjected to water repellent treatment to form a coating layer 16 (S38). This step is similar to step S29 in the fifth embodiment.
- the protective layer 14 is formed (S39), and a polling process is performed (S40). These steps are the same as steps S31 and S32 in the fifth embodiment, respectively.
- the cable-shaped piezoelectric element manufacturing process according to the present embodiment is equivalent to performing S29 and S30 in the cable-piezoelectric element manufacturing process according to the fifth embodiment in reverse.
- the protective layer 14 may be provided after performing the polling process.
- the polling process (S40) corresponds to the core electrode and the outer electrode after forming the pressure sensitive body 22 layer around the core electrode 11 (S36) performed after forming the protective layer 14 (S39).
- the pseudo electrode may be used, or after forming the outer electrode 13 (S37) or after forming the water-repellent coating layer 16 (S38).
- the cable-shaped piezoelectric element manufactured in this way is connected to the control circuit by removing the protective layer 14 and the pressure-sensitive body 22 at one end and exposing the core electrode 11 and the outer electrode 13, Used as a pressure sensitive sensor.
- the amount of water vapor diffusing into the pressure-sensitive body 22 is reduced due to the presence of the protective layer 14. .
- the gap between the three-dimensional network molecular structure of the organic polymer in the protective layer 14 is larger than the size of the water vapor molecule, it is not possible to completely prevent the diffusion of water vapor when the thickness of the protective layer 14 is 2 mm or less. This is not possible, and water is generated between the protective layer 14 and the outer electrode 13.
- the water-repellent coating layer 16 is formed on the surface of the outer electrode 13, the penetration of water into the pressure sensitive body 22 is suppressed.
- the coating layer 16 suppresses absorption of moisture into the piezoelectric ceramic powder 5. Therefore, as in the fourth embodiment, changes in the electrical characteristics, piezoelectric characteristics, and mechanical strength of the cable-shaped piezoelectric element are reduced, and a cable-shaped piezoelectric element having excellent durability and reliability can be obtained.
- a piezoelectric element is fabricated using calcium oleate as the water repellent material and (Bi Na) Ba TiO as the piezoelectric ceramic powder. Pressure produced
- a high-temperature and high-humidity test is conducted for 20 hours under the same conditions as in Embodiment 1, and the effect of water repellency is evaluated by the change in electrical resistance at that time.
- a piezoelectric element in which the covering layer 15 is not formed and a piezoelectric element in which a water-repellent covering layer is formed on the surface of the protective layer 14 provided around the outer electrode 13 are manufactured in the same manner.
- the electrical resistance is measured at a frequency of 1 kHz. (Table 8) shows the rate of change in electrical resistance after the high-temperature and high-humidity test.
- a piezoelectric element in which the coating layer 15 is formed on the surface of the outer electrode 13 shows an electrical resistance change rate equivalent to that of a piezoelectric element not subjected to water-repellent treatment, and has no effect of water-repellent treatment. I understand.
- the water vapor passes through the coating layer 16 and diffuses into the piezoelectric element, and the characteristics are deteriorated by the generation of water. Therefore, when the coating layer 16 is provided so as to cover the outer electrode 13, the protective layer 14 is required as a place where water vapor that has entered the piezoelectric element condenses. From the results of Embodiment 5 and this embodiment, it is necessary to provide the water-repellent coating layer inside the outermost layer of the piezoelectric element. The same applies to the configuration of the third embodiment. When the coating layer 9 is provided so as to cover the electrodes 2A and 2B, the protective layer 10 is necessary.
- the conductive powder is organic.
- the cable-shaped piezoelectric elements of Embodiments 4 to 6 have flexibility and have a cable shape. For this reason, it can be applied to places including bent parts and places where the mounting width is limited. In addition, it has excellent characteristics that maintain its electrical, piezoelectric, and mechanical strength even when used in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment. Therefore, it is most suitable if such installation conditions and characteristics are required, such as sensors used outdoors and sensors for detecting pinching of automobile doors.
- the cable-like piezoelectric elements of Embodiments 5 and 6 are assumed to be used in a configuration in which a cross section of these piezoelectric elements is exposed.
- water vapor enters from the boundary between the core electrode 11 and the pressure sensitive body 22 exposed in the cross section, and the water vapor is condensed on the surface of the pressure sensitive body 22 in contact with the core electrode 11 side.
- the piezoelectric ceramic powder 5 and impurities can be obtained by providing a second coating layer 23 made of a water repellent material between the core electrode 11 and the pressure sensitive body 22 as shown in the partial sectional view of FIG. It is possible to suppress elution by water.
- moisture absorption into the piezoelectric ceramic powder 5 is also suppressed by forming the protective layers 10 and 14 thick in addition to the coating layer of the water repellent treatment material to increase the resistance to water vapor transmission.
- a dense film in which water vapor molecules hardly pass may be formed as a coating layer by physical vapor deposition (sputtering, vapor deposition), chemical vapor deposition, or chemical synthesis.
- a dense film formed by physical vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition, or chemical synthesis treatment can suppress the intrusion of water vapor itself. Therefore, unlike a water-repellent material coating layer, it can be provided on the outermost layer of a piezoelectric element. And the elution effect of impurities with water can be realized.
- the above configuration may be applied only to one of the electrodes 2A and 2B.
- the body motion sensor used such as a nursing bed needs to ensure detection of a large area.
- the cable-shaped piezoelectric elements of Embodiments 4 to 6 can detect a large area by meandering on the bed.
- it is an optimal configuration as a body motion sensor for a nursing bed.
- the piezoelectric element according to the present invention can suppress water absorption of the piezoelectric composition pressure-sensitive body even when used in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment, and therefore changes in electrical characteristics, piezoelectric characteristics, and mechanical tensile strength. Less is. That is, it has excellent durability and reliability. Therefore, it is also suitable for outdoor use where high temperature and high humidity environment can occur. Also, car doors and windows It can be applied to a wide range of applications, such as pressure-sensitive sensors that prevent the dough from being pinched, and sensors for pressure detection devices that detect the presence of a person by detecting the movement of a person on a nursing bed.
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Abstract
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Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US10/570,709 US7467558B2 (en) | 2004-10-28 | 2005-08-03 | Piezoelectric element comprising a covering layer that suppresses the absorption of water and method of manufacturing the same |
| CA002552972A CA2552972A1 (en) | 2004-10-28 | 2005-08-03 | Piezoelectric element and method of manufacturing the same |
| EP05768444A EP1806568A1 (en) | 2004-10-28 | 2005-08-03 | Piezoelectric element and method for manufacturing the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (12)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004313573 | 2004-10-28 | ||
| JP2004-313573 | 2004-10-28 | ||
| JP2004-313572 | 2004-10-28 | ||
| JP2004313575 | 2004-10-28 | ||
| JP2004-313575 | 2004-10-28 | ||
| JP2004313572 | 2004-10-28 | ||
| JP2005169141 | 2005-06-09 | ||
| JP2005-169140 | 2005-06-09 | ||
| JP2005-169141 | 2005-06-09 | ||
| JP2005169140 | 2005-06-09 | ||
| JP2005-169139 | 2005-06-09 | ||
| JP2005169139 | 2005-06-09 |
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| WO2006046341A1 true WO2006046341A1 (ja) | 2006-05-04 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2005/014184 Ceased WO2006046341A1 (ja) | 2004-10-28 | 2005-08-03 | 圧電素子とその製造方法 |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7467558B2 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP1806568A1 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR100723357B1 (ja) |
| CA (1) | CA2552972A1 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2006046341A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2017028323A (ja) * | 2015-07-16 | 2017-02-02 | 住友理工株式会社 | 圧電センサ |
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| JP4852850B2 (ja) * | 2005-02-03 | 2012-01-11 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | 圧電振動素子、圧電振動子、圧電発振器、周波数安定化方法、及び圧電振動子の製造方法 |
| JP4497370B2 (ja) * | 2005-05-31 | 2010-07-07 | 日本碍子株式会社 | 微小物体の飛翔状態検出装置、及び微小物体の飛翔状態検出方法 |
| JP5568206B2 (ja) * | 2006-09-15 | 2014-08-06 | 東海ゴム工業株式会社 | 変形センサ |
| US7411338B1 (en) * | 2007-01-30 | 2008-08-12 | Raytheon Company | Structural material with piezoelectric material particles |
| DE102008041787A1 (de) * | 2008-09-03 | 2010-03-04 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Piezoelektrischer Wandler und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
| US7886621B2 (en) * | 2009-03-06 | 2011-02-15 | University Of South Australia | Digital foam |
| JP5114463B2 (ja) * | 2009-09-25 | 2013-01-09 | 日立オートモティブシステムズ株式会社 | 発熱抵抗式空気流量測定装置 |
| JP5616171B2 (ja) * | 2009-09-28 | 2014-10-29 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 高分子複合圧電体及びそれを用いた圧電素子 |
| CN102770574B (zh) * | 2010-02-24 | 2016-03-09 | 贝伦诺斯清洁电力控股有限公司 | 用于高压介质的自监测复合容器 |
| US8783099B2 (en) * | 2011-07-01 | 2014-07-22 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Downhole sensors impregnated with hydrophobic material, tools including same, and related methods |
| KR101628584B1 (ko) * | 2011-09-30 | 2016-06-08 | 후지필름 가부시키가이샤 | 전기 음향 변환 필름, 플렉시블 디스플레이, 성대 마이크로폰 및 악기용 센서 |
| US9112432B2 (en) * | 2012-12-14 | 2015-08-18 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Piezoelectric generator and method of manufacturing the same |
| JP2014215530A (ja) * | 2013-04-26 | 2014-11-17 | ソニー株式会社 | ポリマー素子およびその製造方法、並びにカメラモジュールおよび撮像装置 |
| DE102013211389A1 (de) * | 2013-06-18 | 2014-12-18 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Sensoranordnung |
| WO2015061726A1 (en) * | 2013-10-25 | 2015-04-30 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Method for fabricating a pressure sensor |
| TW201545828A (zh) * | 2014-06-10 | 2015-12-16 | Ya-Yang Yan | 一種放電加工切割線及該放電加工切割線之製造方法 |
| KR101620296B1 (ko) * | 2014-08-29 | 2016-05-13 | (주)와이솔 | 적층형 압전 세라믹 소자 |
| US10948366B2 (en) * | 2016-10-04 | 2021-03-16 | Arizona Board Of Regents On Behalf Of Arizona State University | Flexible sensors incorporating piezoresistive composite materials and fabrication methods |
| FR3060857A1 (fr) * | 2016-12-20 | 2018-06-22 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | Composites piezoelectriques en matrice souple |
| US11737366B2 (en) | 2017-03-01 | 2023-08-22 | Rogers Corporation | Layered sensor apparatus and method of making same |
| CN110462858B (zh) * | 2017-03-28 | 2023-12-05 | Tdk株式会社 | 压电组合物及压电元件 |
| US11552240B2 (en) | 2017-10-24 | 2023-01-10 | Purdue Research Foundation | Machines and processes for producing polymer films and films produced thereby |
| CN110459672B (zh) * | 2019-07-17 | 2023-01-03 | 深圳航天科技创新研究院 | 一种压电陶瓷传感器及其制备方法 |
| US11486783B2 (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2022-11-01 | Apple Inc. | Stand-alone water detector |
| KR102610162B1 (ko) * | 2020-11-10 | 2023-12-04 | 전북대학교산학협력단 | 압전물질 복합체, 이의 필름과 제조방법, 및 이 필름을 이용한 센서 |
| CN114087967B (zh) * | 2021-11-15 | 2023-03-14 | 浙江大学 | 一种基于后屈曲压电效应的结构位移自供能传感器 |
| CN117737676B (zh) * | 2024-02-19 | 2024-04-16 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Mim电容器中绝缘体薄膜及其制备方法 |
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| JP2003106910A (ja) * | 2001-09-28 | 2003-04-09 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 圧力センサおよびその製造方法 |
| JP2003176390A (ja) * | 2002-09-04 | 2003-06-24 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 圧電組成物感圧体、これを用いた感圧素子及びこの感圧素子を用いた圧力検知装置 |
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| US3985658A (en) * | 1975-04-16 | 1976-10-12 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Energy Research And Development Administration | Extinguishing agent for combustible metal fires |
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| JPH09181558A (ja) * | 1995-12-27 | 1997-07-11 | Kyocera Corp | 圧電素子及び樹脂封止型圧電部品 |
| US5998525A (en) * | 1996-12-02 | 1999-12-07 | Fmc Corporation | Coating and composition for transportation and sign surfaces and method of preparing and applying same |
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| JP3516030B2 (ja) * | 2000-04-25 | 2004-04-05 | 花王株式会社 | 包装体のシール装置 |
| EP1672443B1 (fr) * | 2004-12-17 | 2010-08-18 | ETA SA Manufacture Horlogère Suisse | Montre comportant un capteur de pression |
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- 2005-08-03 EP EP05768444A patent/EP1806568A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-08-03 WO PCT/JP2005/014184 patent/WO2006046341A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2005-08-03 KR KR1020067003964A patent/KR100723357B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-08-03 CA CA002552972A patent/CA2552972A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-08-03 US US10/570,709 patent/US7467558B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| JP2002220280A (ja) * | 2000-11-21 | 2002-08-09 | Tdk Corp | 圧電磁器 |
| JP2003106910A (ja) * | 2001-09-28 | 2003-04-09 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 圧力センサおよびその製造方法 |
| JP2003176390A (ja) * | 2002-09-04 | 2003-06-24 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 圧電組成物感圧体、これを用いた感圧素子及びこの感圧素子を用いた圧力検知装置 |
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| JP2017028323A (ja) * | 2015-07-16 | 2017-02-02 | 住友理工株式会社 | 圧電センサ |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1806568A1 (en) | 2007-07-11 |
| US7467558B2 (en) | 2008-12-23 |
| CA2552972A1 (en) | 2006-04-28 |
| US20070186689A1 (en) | 2007-08-16 |
| KR20060086355A (ko) | 2006-07-31 |
| KR100723357B1 (ko) | 2007-05-30 |
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