WO2006050665A1 - Moule de remplissage et sa structure sandwich et creuse - Google Patents

Moule de remplissage et sa structure sandwich et creuse Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006050665A1
WO2006050665A1 PCT/CN2005/001883 CN2005001883W WO2006050665A1 WO 2006050665 A1 WO2006050665 A1 WO 2006050665A1 CN 2005001883 W CN2005001883 W CN 2005001883W WO 2006050665 A1 WO2006050665 A1 WO 2006050665A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tire mold
plate
hole
concrete
hollow
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2005/001883
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Xuewen Wu
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Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN 200410052109 external-priority patent/CN1624275A/zh
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of WO2006050665A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006050665A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/16—Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
    • E04B5/32—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements
    • E04B5/36—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements with form units as part of the floor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B23/00—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects
    • B28B23/0068—Embedding lost cores
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
    • E04C2/284—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating
    • E04C2/288—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and concrete, stone or stone-like material
    • E04C2/2885—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and concrete, stone or stone-like material with the insulating material being completely surrounded by, or embedded in, a stone-like material, e.g. the insulating material being discontinuous

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a cement concrete sandwich, a hollow structure filled tire mold and a cement mixture sandwich and a hollow structure
  • cement mixture refers to various mixed materials involving cement as a colloid material, such as cement mortar, concrete, fiber concrete, reinforced concrete, Steel mesh concrete, etc.
  • the birth of reinforced concrete makes the steel and concrete materials complement each other.
  • the reinforced concrete structure compensates for the shortcomings of the tensile and bending resistance of the plain concrete structure.
  • the reinforced concrete structure still has its own major disadvantages, especially the reinforced concrete flexural members.
  • Most of the bearing capacity of slabs, bridges, etc. is mainly used to overcome the structural weight.
  • the existing construction technology steel reinforced concrete clamps and hollow structures cannot be formed by one-time pouring, and the concrete is divided into several times, which has the disadvantages of long construction period, low work efficiency, low bonding strength between new and old concrete interfaces. Summary of the invention
  • the object of the present invention is to design a novel tire mold and a cement mixture sandwich or hollow structure.
  • the tire mold is suitable for the construction of various cement products sandwich or hollow structure, and is particularly suitable for the construction of various reinforced concrete sandwich panel beams.
  • the tire mold is any one of a plate structure or a box structure or a combination structure.
  • the hole is provided with a hole sleeve, a hole cover, a hole plug or a prefabricated cover plate.
  • the inner wall of the hole is provided in the hole of the tire mold, and the side surface of the tire mold or the inner wall of the hole is provided with a surface layer.
  • the filling tire mold is any one of a dense plate, a loose plate, a foamed plate, a porous plate, a plate, a solid plate containing a hollow body, a hollow strip, or a hollow plate containing a hollow body or a hollow strip.
  • the box-shaped structural tire mold includes an upper plate and side plates or reinforcing ribs connected thereto, a support block, a support plate or a connecting pipe.
  • the box-shaped structural tire mold further includes a lower plate coupled to the side plates or reinforcing ribs, the support block, the support plate or the connecting tube, and at least one hole is formed in the lower plate.
  • the combined structure tire mold is assembled, connected, and fabricated from loose members.
  • the bulk member is any one or more of a plate-shaped body, a block-shaped body, a spherical body, a strip-shaped body, and a tubular body.
  • the sandwich and hollow structure described above can be used for floor slabs, wall panels, road pavement sandwich panels, foundations, and the like.
  • the filling tire mold described above may be any type of shape and structure, such as a plate body, a block body, a spheroid body, a box body, a tubular body, a strip body, a loose individual assembly or a braid; Can be solid or hollow; It can be either rigid or flexible or loose.
  • the tire mold material can be selected from any low-cost, lightweight material, either rigid or flexible (such as glass wool, mineral wool, etc.) or loose (saw-foam, etc.).
  • the size and number distribution of the holes 6 in the tire mold can be determined as needed (depending on the slump of the concrete, the thickness of the concrete of the lower slab, the vegetable density of the reinforced mesh, etc.); the shape of the holes 6 in the tire mold is various Various, such as square, diamond, round, etc.
  • a top layer is provided on the upper, lower, side or inner wall of the tire mold.
  • the surface layer acts to isolate and protect and enhance the stereotype of the tire. Such as enhancing the mechanical strength (compression, bending, crack resistance, impact resistance, flexibility and other properties) of the tire mold, surface smoothness, and improving solid tire mold insulation, sound insulation, sound absorption, heat absorption, waterproof, fireproof, seismic, etc. Characteristics;
  • the surface layer refers to substances that are different from the core layer of the tire mold (such as outer casing, panel, mesh, coating, film, or fiber, etc.), and can be various plates (corrugated sheets, rubber sheets, etc.), coatings. , fiber cloth, hard skin and so on.
  • a fiber tape is applied to the foam board to improve the strength, crack resistance and impermeability of the tire mold; for example, laying a wooden board or a bamboo board under the flattened loose bonding material or to improve the overall mechanical performance of the tire mold, or in a solid tire mold.
  • Brush paint has improved water repellency and avoids water absorption in the mold during construction.
  • the above plate-like member means: on one plate, there is one or more holes for casting a cement mixture under the filling body, and the plate is made of a solid plate or a hollow plate.
  • the tire mold is made of a lightweight (lower density than cement mixture) material as a sandwich layer. It can be combined with an outer cement mixture to form a composite material.
  • the performance of the filled tire mold can be used to improve the performance of the slab beam. For example, when the design needs to improve the sound absorption of the sandwich slab / For sound insulation/insulation, the filling of the tire mold can be selected as sound-absorbing/soundproof/insulating material; when the design needs to reduce the weight of the floor, the tire mold can be selected as lightweight (foam concrete, ceramsite concrete, or polymer foam board, etc.) )material.
  • the upper and lower cement mixture panel openings can be filled with a solvent (benzene or gasoline) into the sandwich panel beam to polymer foam (such as polystyrene, polyamine).
  • a solvent such as benzene or gasoline
  • polymer foam such as polystyrene, polyamine
  • the grease foam, etc. is dissolved, and taken out and reused.
  • the upper and lower cement mixture panel openings also have specific applications, such as observation (such as endoscopic observation of the construction quality of the concrete inside the box-shaped hollow body), installation of pipelines, lamps, decoration, and the like.
  • the shape of the box-shaped hollow filled tire mold may be a rectangular shape, a basin, a polyhedron, a circular shape or the like.
  • the shape of the tire mold and its opening can be determined according to the needs.
  • the material of the box-shaped hollow body can be taken locally, such as reinforced concrete, plastic, discarded formwork; expanded perlite, vermiculite; foamed material such as foam concrete block, hard Polymer plastic foam (such as polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyurethane foam, polyamide, etc.); wooden bamboo baskets, etc.
  • the box-shaped hollow tire mold 5 is designed as a reinforced concrete prefabricated structure, and the box-shaped hollow tire mold is pre-reinforced, which forms a composite structure and a superposed structure with the outer reinforced concrete structure, thereby improving the stress of the reinforced concrete box-shaped hollow slab beam. , reduce the cast-in-place thickness of the upper and lower cement mixture panels.
  • the box-shaped tire mold and the box-shaped tire mold can be arranged at intervals or in close fitting.
  • the openings in the upper and lower plates of the reinforced concrete box-shaped hollow slab beam have a specific use.
  • Have observations such as using endoscopy Mirror observation of the construction quality of the concrete inside the box-shaped hollow body), construction of the lower deck (such as by leaving the hole to cut, shocking, plastering, removing the inner mold, etc.), drainage and installation of pipelines, lamps, decoration and other purposes.
  • the above-mentioned composite member means: a bulk member (a plate-shaped body, a block-shaped body, a spherical body, a strip-shaped body, a tubular body, etc.) is assembled, connected in series, and is formed into an integral tire mold, and one or the tire mold is opened. More than one hole penetrated through the upper and lower sides, the hole is used to cast the cement mixture under the filling body.
  • the bulk members are separated by clips, and the function of the blocks is to separate the bulk members, which may be various shapes such as a rectangular parallelepiped, a cylinder, a sphere, and a hollow tube.
  • the connecting member 24 may be a bonding agent, attracting electromagnetic attraction, connecting fibers, sleeves, outer baskets, etc.; the cutting tube or the loose members are closely attached to each other. , between bulk members or natural assembly
  • the combination of the bulk members is in the form of assembling, series, and braiding; assembling the tire mold refers to forming a gap-free contact between the scattered members; the close fitting can increase the filling volume of the combined tire mold, thereby reducing the reinforced concrete sandwich and hollow The weight of the structure.
  • the present invention has the following advantages over the prior art.
  • the filling of the tire mold should be selected from the plate-shaped structure and the open box-shaped structure.
  • the box-shaped tire should be selected for filling the tire mold. mold.
  • the box-shaped structure of the tire mold which can save the filling material to the greatest extent and improve the hollowness of the reinforced concrete slab beam.
  • the spacing of the filled membranes makes the reinforced concrete sandwich and the hollow structure form a crisscross connecting plate 14, which greatly improves the stress of the reinforced concrete sandwich or hollow structure, thereby saving the groove filling the surface of the tire mold.
  • the combined tire mold can be characterized by making full use of all existing products and (industrial, living) waste, and is easy to manufacture and process (to facilitate cutting and splicing according to the actual size required at the construction site).
  • the solid tire mold is made of lightweight material (lower density than cement mixture) as the sandwich layer. It can be combined with the outer cement mixture to form a composite material.
  • the performance of the solid tire mold can be used to improve the performance of the sheet beam.
  • the lightweight sheet can be used as a sandwich layer. Improve the sound absorption / sound insulation / insulation performance of sandwich slabs and insulation wall panels.
  • the solid membrane is not easy to be cracked during the construction process, and the crack on the surface has little effect on the structural construction; it can overcome the defects that the hollow tube is filled with the tire mold and the cement slurry is easy to be poured into the tire.
  • closed box-shaped hollow tire membrane has the characteristics of simple construction. Opening or removing the lower plate under the tire mold can reduce the contact surface between the lower surface of the tire mold and the concrete, thereby reducing the resistance of the concrete sliding under the tire mold surface, and making the concrete construction of the lower surface of the box-shaped hollow structure more smoothly.
  • reinforced concrete sandwich slabs can greatly reduce the amount of concrete used, which creates conditions for the use of high-strength (or lightweight) concrete; the use of slab-structured tire molds places higher demands on concrete workability. Suggest Bean stone concrete or cement mortar mixed with fine particle aggregate.
  • the sandwich panel of the present invention has a simple construction and a high hollow structure because the upper and lower plates are connected by intermediate densely connected columns to improve the bearing capacity of the upper and lower cement mixture panels (especially impact resistance). form.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the installation process of a one-way sandwich panel using a lightweight mineral wool board or a ceramsite tire mold;
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of a reinforced concrete one-way sandwich panel
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A - A of Figure 2;
  • Figure 4 is a perspective perspective view of a lightweight mineral wool board or a ceramsite tire mold
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view of a sandwich panel constructed using a high-vacuum honeycomb panel
  • Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A - A of Figure 5;
  • Figure 7 is a perspective perspective view of a high-gap honeycomb panel
  • Figure 8 is a perspective view of a solid plate tire mold having a hollow body with a sandwich panel structure
  • Figure 9 is a perspective view of a solid tire mold with a honeycomb inclined hole
  • Figure 10 is a perspective view of a solid tire mold using a braided structure
  • Figure 11 is a perspective perspective view of a hollow mold comprising a hollow strip
  • Figure 12 is a perspective perspective view of a foam composite plate tire mold with curved openings
  • Figure 13 is a perspective perspective view of a foam composite plate tire mold with upper and lower spherical openings
  • Figure 14 is a perspective view of a two-way corrugated surface tire mold
  • Figure 15 is a perspective perspective view of a two-way corrugated surface tire mold having a groove
  • Figure 16 is a perspective perspective view of a tire mold having a spherical surface and a spherical opening on the upper and lower surfaces;
  • Figure 17 is a perspective perspective view of a foam composite plate tire mold having a rectangular opening
  • Figure 18 is a schematic view showing the installation of a reinforced concrete two-way box-shaped hollow slab using an open box-shaped tire mold with a hole cap;
  • Figure 19 is a cross-sectional view of a reinforced concrete two-way box-shaped hollow slab after pouring concrete in Figure 4;
  • Figure 20 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A - A of Figure 5;
  • Figure 21 is a perspective perspective view of an open box-shaped tire mold with a hole cap
  • Figure 22 is a perspective perspective view of a prefabricated open box type tire mold
  • Figure 23 is a schematic view showing the construction of a single sandwich panel using a closed box-shaped hollow tire mold
  • Figure 24 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A - A of Figure 17;
  • Figure 25 is a perspective perspective view of a closed box-shaped hollow tire mold
  • Figure 26 is a perspective perspective view of an open box-shaped tire mold with a hole cap and a hole cover
  • Figure 27 is a perspective perspective view of a closed box-shaped hollow tire mold having a square support block
  • Figure 28 is a perspective perspective view of a closed box-shaped hollow tire mold having a strip-shaped support block
  • Figure 29 is a perspective perspective view of an open box-shaped hollow tire mold having a strip-shaped support plate
  • Figure 30 is a perspective perspective view showing the open box-shaped tire mold of the enlarged cover
  • Figure 31 is a perspective perspective view of an open box-shaped tire mold with a hole cap and a hole cover;
  • Figure 32 is a perspective perspective view of a curved open box-shaped tire mold
  • Figure 33 shows a perspective view of a sealed prestressed pipe box-shaped tire mold
  • Figure 34 is a perspective perspective view of an open box-shaped tire mold for adjusting the size of the orifice
  • Fig. 35 is a cross-sectional view of a reinforced concrete sandwich and a hollow plate constructed by assembling a block mold with a block body;
  • Figure 36 is a plan sectional view showing the oblique alignment of the block body 1;
  • Figure 37 is a plan sectional view showing the alignment of the block 1 in a positive alignment
  • Figure 38 is a perspective perspective view of the block body assembly combined tire mold
  • Figure 39 is a perspective perspective view of a combined tire mold assembled with a hollow block body
  • Figure 40 is a cross-sectional view of a reinforced concrete hollow slab constructed by a strip-shaped assembled tire mold
  • Figure 41 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 40;
  • Figure 42 is a perspective perspective view of a hollow strip body assembly tire mold
  • Figure 43 is a perspective perspective view of a combined tire mold assembled from a strip body and a strip body;
  • Figure 44 is a perspective perspective view of the combined tire mold assembled by the perforated plate body
  • Figure 45 is a perspective perspective view of a combined tire mold assembled in the form of a disk (or a discus);
  • Figure 46 is a perspective perspective view of a combined tire mold assembled by a curved cylinder
  • Figure 47 is a perspective perspective view of a plum-shaped assembled modular tire mold
  • Figure 48 is a perspective perspective view of the horizontal assembly of the bottle-shaped assembly
  • Figure 49 is a perspective perspective view of a combination of a strip body (square tube) and a block body assembled into a tire mold;
  • Figure 50 is a perspective perspective view of a combined tire mold assembled by a block-shaped plate body
  • Figure 51 is a perspective perspective view of a ball series combined tire mold. Illustration of the drawing:
  • 1 denotes the upper plate of the box-shaped tire mold
  • 2 denotes the lower plate of the box-shaped hollow tire mold (referred to as the lower plate)
  • 3 denotes that the side plate 4 of the box-shaped tire mold represents the hole cap on the tire mold
  • 5 denotes the filling of the tire mold as a whole.
  • 6 indicates a hole in the tire mold
  • 7 indicates a hole cover (or a hole plug) on the tire mold
  • 8 indicates a support leg under the tire mold
  • 9 indicates an enlarged opening (or a bell mouth) on the upper and lower surfaces of the tire mold 5.
  • 10 denotes the concave-convex groove and the concave-convex surface on the tire mold 5
  • 11 denotes a hole sleeve at the hole
  • 12 denotes a concrete lower plate
  • 13 denotes a concrete upper plate
  • 14 denotes a connection column between the upper and lower plates of the concrete
  • 15 denotes The connecting plate between the upper and lower plates of the concrete
  • 16 indicates the hollow strip in the tire mold
  • 17 indicates the hollow body in the tire mold
  • 18 indicates the connecting pipe on the upper and lower sides of the tire mold
  • 19 indicates The steel bars reserved on the tire mold
  • 20 denotes a prefabricated cover
  • 21 denotes a support plate or a support block in the tire mold
  • 22 denotes a hole in the upper plate and the lower plate of the reinforced concrete box-shaped hollow plate beam.
  • 23 denotes an individual (plate, block, strip) which constitutes a tire mold; 24 denotes a joint between the individual; 25 denotes a bottom mold, 26 denotes a lower reinforcing mesh, 27 denotes an upper reinforcing mesh, 28 denotes Connecting the reinforcing bars, 29 denotes a groove representing the sides of the bulk member.
  • the tire mold 5 is designed in a rectangular shape, and has a plurality of holes 6 formed therein.
  • a sleeve can be designed at the orifice, and the material of the sleeve is not limited (for example, metal or plastic can be used).
  • the shape of the hole 6 can be designed into various shapes such as a rectangle, a circle, a polygon, and the like. The size and number distribution of the holes 6 are determined as needed, and the distribution of the holes 6 in the tire mold 5 should be such that the flow distance of the concrete is as short as possible.
  • the tire mold 5 is made of light ceramsite brick or waste wood board or wood foam cement sound absorbing board (see patent application: 00120631.1 for details) or plate made of ordinary clay with cement (2-10%) and air entraining agent.
  • Cheap construction or domestic garbage is pressed into a foamed sheet by harmless treatment, and fibers are added to the surface layer of the board: fiber materials such as steel bars, bamboo ribs, and plastic meshes are used to increase the strength of the board.
  • the embossed block is designed as a support leg 8 under the tire mold.
  • the tire mold is light in weight, fireproof, heat-insulating, sound-insulating, and has a certain strength, which ensures that the tire mold does not deform during the construction process.
  • the reinforced concrete one-way sandwich panel is composed of an upper reinforced concrete slab 13 , a lower reinforced concrete slab 12 , an open-hole sandwich tire mold 5 , and a longitudinal and transverse connecting plate 15 .
  • the implementation process is as follows: First, the steel mesh 26 and the connecting steel bar 28 of the lower plate surface are tied on the bottom mold 25, and then the strip tire mold 5 is installed, and the steel mesh 27 of the upper plate surface is bundled, and the steel mesh of the upper and lower plates is attached. The piece is tied together with the connecting bar 4.
  • the support foot 8 is provided under the tire mold to ensure the pouring thickness of the lower concrete, and the tire mold 5 is fixed on the lower steel mesh or the bottom mold with iron wire (or fine steel bar) to avoid the tire mold floating during the pouring concrete or Move up and down, left and right, and back and forth.
  • the concrete is poured (in order to improve the workability of the cement mixture, the soft concrete aggregate or the cement mortar can be used), and the hole in the tire mold is used in the process of pouring the concrete.
  • the hole plug 7 can be made of the same material as the tire mold.
  • the connecting column is a lightweight concrete prefabricated block. The prefabricated block is connected with the upper and lower plates of the steel bar, so as to improve the heat insulation/sound insulation performance of the floor plate.
  • the function of the hole plug 7 can also make the lower plate Concrete construction is more compact, and then the concrete on the board surface is constructed.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic view showing a sandwich panel constructed by using a high-vacuum honeycomb panel
  • Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Fig. 5.
  • Figure 7 is a perspective view of a high-vacancy honeycomb panel tire mold. The implementation process is as follows:
  • the tire mold 5 is made of a light-weight sound-insulating and heat-insulating sheet, such as various high-gap honeycomb sheets made of agricultural waste (orange rod, rice straw), and a flexible insulation layer (such as a plastic cloth) may be disposed on the surface of the tire mold.
  • a light-weight sound-insulating and heat-insulating sheet such as various high-gap honeycomb sheets made of agricultural waste (orange rod, rice straw)
  • a flexible insulation layer such as a plastic cloth
  • the lower surface (or upper and lower surfaces) of the tire mold 5 is provided with a groove (the groove may be unidirectional, bidirectional or plural), and the hole 6 is formed in the groove (the rigidity of the sandwich plate can be improved and the structure is convenient)
  • the arrangement of the steel mesh and the easy pouring of the concrete), the hole 6 has a bell mouth shape 9 below, and the holes 6 are arranged at equal intervals to form a rectangle, a diamond shape, a plum shape or the like.
  • the reinforced concrete sandwich panel is composed of an upper reinforced concrete slab 13 , a lower reinforced concrete slab 12 , an open-hole sandwich tire mold 5 , and a longitudinal and transverse connecting plate 15 .
  • the bottom mold 1 is covered with a steel mesh 2 of a lower surface (or a steel mesh or other fibrous material), and then the tire mold 5 is installed, and the tire mold 5 is provided with a hole 6 and the steel mesh 3 of the laminated surface is laid.
  • the steel mesh (wire mesh or other fibrous material) of the upper and lower plates is joined by steel bars (or steel wires) through the upper opening 6 of the tire mold.
  • the concrete (or cement mortar) is poured.
  • the concrete (or cement mortar) of the lower surface is constructed by using the hole 6 on the tire mold, and the concrete of the lower plate (or Cement mortar)
  • the concrete (or cement mortar) on the upper surface is constructed, and the concrete (or cement mortar) is finished.
  • the hole 6 in the tire mold is filled with concrete (or cement mortar) to become the upper and lower reinforced concrete slabs.
  • the concrete connecting column 14, the connecting column 14 can also be prefabricated with lightweight concrete, the prefabricated block has steel bars, and the precast block is inserted as a plug into the hole 6 in the tire mold to form a connecting column of the upper and lower plates.
  • Figure 8 is a perspective view of a solid plate tire mold having a hollow body with a sandwich panel structure.
  • the sandwich material may be of various materials, and the hollow body 17 is embedded in the tire mold manufacturing process to increase the hollow ratio, thereby forming a solid sheet containing the hollow body.
  • the hollow body can be made of plastic hollow balls or discarded plastic bottles, canned bottles, etc., and then bonded with foam materials such as foam concrete or polystyrene, and a protective plate on the surface of the plate (for example, protected with plywood and metal plates), upper and lower protective plates
  • the upper part is connected by a hollow casing bolt.
  • the tire mold is required to be opened according to the construction, and the hollow sleeve can be used as a hole 6 for pouring the lower concrete.
  • the upper and lower ends of the hole 6 are designed with a bar 8 .
  • the metal protective plate is used on the upper and lower sides of the tire mold to improve the force of the reinforced concrete sandwich panel and reduce the amount of reinforcement. If the upper and lower metal protection plates of the tire mold are made of embossed steel and outer concrete, the steel-concrete composite structure is used.
  • Figure 9 is a perspective view of a solid tire mold with a honeycomb inclined hole.
  • a slanted hole 6 (or a buried cross tube) is formed on the solid tire mold, and the sandwich core mold is made by using the honeycomb core sheet, and the hole 6 is filled with concrete to become a concrete slanted column (or cross) connecting the upper and lower reinforced concrete panels. Column), which improves the force on the sandwich panel.
  • Figure 10 is a perspective view of a solid tire mold using a braided structure.
  • the tire mold material can be made into a variety of loose materials, such as straw, rattan, straw and other cheap materials, which are made into a solid open tire mold, and a hole in the tire mold 6 (for pouring the concrete of the lower panel), the tire mold
  • the surface may be provided with a protective sheet or a barrier layer (for example, a plastic cloth or a brush is used to isolate the paint from penetration of the cement slurry).
  • Figure 11 is a perspective perspective view of a hollow die which incorporates a hollow strip.
  • the tire mold 5 is thick, the tire mold is made into a hollow plate for increasing the hollow ratio, and the hole 6 is formed in the hollow plate, and the vertical hole 6 and the horizontal hole 16 are formed to pass through, and the vertical hole 6 should be sealed, and the hole sleeve 11 can be provided. Or seal with a colloidal or plugging material (such as cement mortar, cement, foam) to prevent the cement slurry from pouring into the horizontal hole 15.
  • the sheet with hollow strips can be taken locally, for example with foamed concrete with a certain strength and hollow strips or with empty space Cardiac gypsum board or the like.
  • the tire mold 5 has a rectangular hole 6 (for concrete pouring), and the hole 6 has a hole cover 7 thereon.
  • Figure 12 is a perspective perspective view of a foam composite panel tire mold having curved openings.
  • the tire mold adopts the steel-plastic composite board produced by Hainan Daji Steel-Plastic Board Factory.
  • Various kinds of composite foam boards or tire molds can be selected to adopt the new type of hydrophobic expansive perlite cement polystyrene insulation board (see "Insulation Materials” And the building energy saving" (No. 10, 2001, Wang Hongzhen), the tire mold is provided with a curved hole 6, and the upper or lower end or the upper and lower ends of the hole 6 are simultaneously designed as an arc-shaped enlarged opening 9.
  • Figure 13 is a perspective perspective view of a foam composite panel tire mold with upper and lower spherical openings.
  • the tire mold is made of a heat-insulating extruded board produced by Shanghai Sanxin Extrusion Foam Board Co., Ltd., or a honeycomb void foam composite board or a polymer composite foam sheet (see Patent Application: 02804777.X).
  • the tire mold is provided with a curved opening 6, and the upper or lower end or the upper and lower ends of the hole 6 are simultaneously designed as a spherical enlarged opening 9, and the upper and lower surfaces of the tire mold are spherical surfaces.
  • Figure 14 is a perspective perspective view of a tire mold using a two-way corrugated surface.
  • the upper and lower surfaces of the tire mold adopt a bidirectional (longitudinal or multi-directional) corrugated curved surface, and the tire mold has a square opening 6 and the opening 6 has an enlarged opening 9.
  • the tire mold can be selected from ordinary clay mixed with cement and air-filling agent or cheaply constructed or domestic garbage can be used for construction of concrete sandwich pavement.
  • Figure 15 is a perspective perspective view of a two-way corrugated surface tire mold having grooves.
  • the upper and lower surfaces of the tire mold adopt a bidirectional (longitudinal or transverse direction or multi-directional) corrugated curved surface, and the corrugated curved surface is provided with a groove 10, and the tire mold has a square opening 6 and the opening 6 has an enlarged opening.
  • the tire mold can be selected from high void or medium void ratio polymer foam sheets (see patent application: 03141968.2) or straw boards, which are characterized by high strength, light weight, sound insulation, heat insulation and fire resistance (see Science and Technology and Economy 1995). Volume 5, No. 2, Shi Jianjun) is used to construct concrete sandwich panels, and the recess 10 can form concrete ribs in the sandwich panels.
  • Figure 16 is a perspective perspective view of a tire mold having spherical surfaces and spherical openings on the upper and lower surfaces.
  • a spherical uneven surface is used on the upper and lower sides of the tire mold, and a spherical opening 6 is formed in the tire mold.
  • the upper and lower ends of the hole 6 are spherical enlarged openings 9, and the upper and lower surfaces of the tire mold are spherically uneven.
  • On the surface there is a groove 10 in the tire mold.
  • the tire mold can be selected from foamed cement expanded perlite composite insulation board (see Materials and Applications, 1998, No. 10, Zhou Ming) or honeycomb sandwich panels (see “New Building Materials", No. 10, 1995, Gao Jianping) Or use spherical closed-cell expanded perlite composite insulation board. (See “China Non-Metallic Mining Industry Guide", 2004, No. 4, Liu Peng)
  • Figure 17 is a perspective perspective view of a foam composite panel tire mold having a rectangular opening.
  • the tire mold adopts Guangzhou Liangte Composite Foam Board Co., Ltd., and the tire mold has a rectangular hole 6 (which may be square or rectangular), and the upper end or the lower end or the upper and lower ends of the hole 6 are simultaneously designed with an enlarged opening 9.
  • the bidirectional reinforced concrete box-shaped hollow slab is composed of an upper plate 13, a lower plate 12, and an intermediate connecting plate 15, and an open box-shaped tire mold 5.
  • the open box type tire mold 5 is composed of an upper plate 1 and four side plates 2, and a circular hole 6 is formed in the upper plate, and the hole 6 has a hole cap 4, an orifice plate (or a plug) 7.
  • the design of the tire mold 5 scheme one, foamed fly ash board, using fly ash as raw material, foamed to produce a product with smooth surface, closed pores and internal honeycomb structure; the board can also be combined with foamed silicic acid Aluminum, perlite, and ore (rock) cotton composite to form a composite product; Scheme 2, steel mesh foam concrete lightweight board, which is provided with a two-layer steel mesh in the concrete slab, and with cement, sand, slag, hair The proportion of foaming agent into concrete can also be incorporated into a certain proportion of polyurethane or polystyrene. Ethylene foam particles.
  • the box-shaped hollow tire mold 5 is made of reinforced concrete pre-formed parts, and the upper plate 1 of the tire mold 5 is designed to be arched (folded surface) to improve the force, and the upper plate and the side plate of the tire mold 5 are reserved for the reinforcing steel 10 for easy and upper
  • the lower cast-in-place reinforced concrete is better connected, and the bottom plate has its own cushion 8 (can be more stable, avoiding the box-shaped hollow filler moving during the casting process), the upper plate 1 of the tire mold has a hole 6 and a box-shaped hollow
  • the tire mold 5 and the cast-in-place reinforced concrete constitute a composite box-shaped hollow structure.
  • Construction process First install the tire mold and tie the steel bar, then seal the pre-retaining hole 6 on the box-shaped hollow tire mold 5 with the hole cap 4 (in this example, the hole cap 4 is designed in three forms: funnel shape, handle with handle Board, foam plug). Start pouring concrete. When the concrete construction is basically completed, remove the hole cap 4, open the hole 6, and use the hole 6 to construct the concrete on the lower surface (or grout the concrete on the lower surface, manually or mechanically smooth), cover with the hole (or plug) 7 Seal the retaining hole 6, then fill the hole 6 with the reinforcing mesh, and then pour the concrete of the upper plate.
  • the sealing method of the hole 6 can be designed into various types, such as a cover type, a drawer type, a roller blind type, a pull type, and the like.
  • the open box-shaped tire mold 5 shown in Fig. 22 is composed of an upper plate 1 and four side plates 2, and a large square hole 6 is formed in the upper plate 1, and a concrete prefabricated cover 20 is formed in the hole 6.
  • Implementation process firstly, the box-shaped hollow tire mold is constructed by using the hole 6 to construct the concrete on the lower surface, and the reinforced concrete prefabricated cover 15 is sealed to the reserved hole 6 and integrated with the concrete of the cast-in-place upper layer, or the cast-in-place concrete is completed. After that, the prefabricated cover 20 is covered after the pipeline is installed in the reinforced concrete box-shaped hollow slab.
  • the concrete box-shaped hollow panel is composed of upper and lower concrete panels 13, 12 and an intermediate connecting plate 15, and a closed box-shaped hollow tire mold 5.
  • the closed box-shaped hollow tire mold 5 is composed of an upper plate 1, a lower plate 2, a plate 3 and a connecting pipe 18 to form a closed box-shaped hollow tire mold, and the closed box-shaped hollow tire mold has a longitudinal and horizontal supporting plate 21 connected therein, and an upper plate 1.
  • the lower plate 2 is provided with a hole 6 which is connected by a connecting pipe 18, and the tire mold 5 can be made of various materials, for example, a board such as a wooden board, a waste formwork, a plastic plate or a steel plate. The size, shape and number distribution of the holes 6 are determined as needed.
  • the concrete is poured.
  • the concrete on the lower surface is constructed by using the hole 6 on the tire mold.
  • the hole is used to make the tire.
  • the upper hole 6 is sealed, and the concrete seal in the hole 6 is pressed down (the plug 7 can be made of the same material as the tire mold, light concrete or PVC sealed hollow tube, and the function of the plug 7 is to reduce the weight of the sandwich panel. It is also possible to make the concrete construction of the lower plate more compact, and then smooth the concrete on the upper surface.
  • FIG. 26 is a perspective perspective view of an open box-shaped tire mold with a hole cap and a hole cover.
  • the tire mold 5 is composed of an upper plate 1, a lower plate 2 and a side plate 3, and the upper plate 1 and the lower plate 2 are combined.
  • Hole 6 is opened (the upper hole is a round hole, the large hole on the lower plate) 6.
  • the pre-retaining hole 6 on the box-shaped hollow tire mold 5 is first sealed with the hole cap 4 (in this example, the hole cap 4 is designed as a funnel;). Start pouring concrete, through the hole cap 4 can see the pouring of the lower concrete, use the hole cap 4 to cut, construct the concrete on the lower surface (or grout the concrete on the lower surface, artificial or mechanical smoothing), etc. After the construction, the hole cap 4 is covered with a hole cover 7, and the hole cover 7 can be opened as needed.
  • Figure 27 is a perspective perspective view of a closed box-shaped hollow tire mold having a square support block.
  • the tire mold 5 is composed of an upper plate 1 and a lower plate. 2.
  • the side plate 3 and the support block 16 are bonded by a bonding agent.
  • the upper plate 1 and the lower plate 2 are provided with holes 6 , and the holes on the upper and lower plates are connected by holes in the supporting block 16 , and the tire mold 5 is polymerized.
  • Foam board member The primary function of the support block 16 supports the upper plate 1 of the tire mold 5, and then the lower plate 2 of the tire mold 5 is connected.
  • the support block 16 may be provided with holes, or holes may be provided, and holes may be provided, and the holes may also be arranged in a circular shape or a square shape.
  • the hole, the support block 16 can also function as the connecting tube 11.
  • Figure 28 is a perspective perspective view of a closed box-shaped hollow tire mold having a strip-shaped support block.
  • the tire mold 5 is composed of an upper plate 1, a lower plate 2, a side plate 3 and a support block 16, and the tire mold 5 is a plant.
  • the plate is nailed with nails, and the upper plate 2 and the lower plate 2 of the tire mold 5 are provided with holes 6, and the holes on the upper and lower plates are communicated by holes in the support block 16, and the support block 16 is strip-shaped.
  • FIG. 29 is a perspective perspective view of a box-shaped hollow tire mold with a strip-shaped support plate.
  • the tire mold 5 is composed of an upper plate 1, a side plate 3 and a support plate 16.
  • the tire mold 5 is made of a plant plate and iron. The nail is formed, the upper mold 1 of the tire mold 5 is provided with a hole 6 , and the upper plate has a support plate 16 , and the support plate 16 is strip-shaped.
  • the concrete is poured.
  • the concrete on the lower surface is constructed by using the opening 6 on the tire mold.
  • the hole in the tire mold is covered by the cover plate 7. 6 Seal, smooth the concrete on the upper surface.
  • FIG. 30 a perspective view of an open box-shaped tire mold for enlarging the cover plate, the lower side of the upper plate 1 is connected to the side plate 3, and the upper plate 1 is provided with a hole 6 on the upper plate 1 and the side plate 3
  • the reinforcing steel 8 is supported below or the reinforcing steel is retained.
  • This tire mold can be used for the construction of a pipe-shaped floor structure.
  • Figure 31 is a perspective perspective view of an open box-shaped tire mold with a hole cap and a hole cover.
  • the tire mold 5 is composed of an upper plate 1 and a side plate 3 (slant plate), and the edge of the upper plate 1 is connected to the side. Board 3.
  • the upper plate 1 is provided with a circular hole 6, and the circular hole 6 of the upper plate 1 has a pipe-type hole cap 4, the hole cap 4 has a hole cover 7, the tire mold 5 is made of aerated concrete, and the concrete tire mold is provided with Retain 10.
  • FIG. 32 a perspective view of a curved open box-shaped tire mold, the edge of the upper plate 1 is connected to the side plate 3, a hole 6 is formed in the arched upper plate 1, and the reinforcing bar 8 is supported under the side plate 3.
  • the hole cap 4 has a hole cover 7, and the tire mold 5 is made of a hard plastic.
  • the tire mold 5 is composed of an upper plate 1, a lower plate 2 and a side plate 3, and the end plate of the tire mold 5 can be provided with a tip plate and an upper plate. 1.
  • the lower plate 2 is provided with a hole 6 , and the holes on the upper and lower plates are connected by a connecting pipe 11 , and the tire mold 5 is made of a prestressed reinforced concrete member, and the tire mold 5 is cut and left with a reinforcing steel 10 , and the outer surface of the tire mold 5 is pulled (surface Rugged or provided with retained steel 10.
  • the open tire mold 5 is composed of an upper plate 1 and left and right side plates 3 to form an open hollow box structure, and a long hole 6 is formed in the upper plate, and the hole cover 7 on the hole 6 is movable, or Extensible (or hole 6 is removable).
  • the tire mold 5 can be selected from plastic, wood and other materials, reinforced concrete prefabricated or fiber concrete prefabricated structures (such as glass fiber or fiber concrete prefabricated structures).
  • the tire mold 5 is made of reinforced concrete prefabricated members, and the upper and lower surfaces of the tire mold 5 are left with steel bars 10, and the side legs are designed with support legs instead of concrete blocks 8 .
  • Fig. 35 is a cross-sectional view of a reinforced concrete sandwich and a hollow plate constructed by a block-shaped assembled tire mold
  • Fig. 36 is a plan sectional view showing a diagonally aligned tile arrangement of the block 23.
  • Figure 37 is a plan view showing a plan view of a block of positive alignment tiles.
  • Figure 38 is a perspective perspective view of a block-shaped assembled tire mold.
  • the cement mixture panel sandwich (or hollow) plate is composed of an upper plate 13, a lower plate 12, a connecting post 14, and a combined tire die 5.
  • the block-shaped assembled tire mold 5 is assembled into a combined tire mold by a bulk member 23 (the block body is a ball body), and the combined tire mold has a hole 6 formed in the assembled shape, and the upper and lower ends of the hole 6 are provided with a p-eight-shaped enlarged opening 9,
  • the combined solid tire mold can be assembled from single or multi-layer spheres.
  • the loose member 23 is provided with a handle for fixing (by wire pulling the handle with the reinforcing bar or the balls are tied to each other), and the pattern of the loose member 23 can be various, as shown in FIG.
  • Figure 7 shows a positively aligned tile arrangement of spheres 23.
  • the assembly between the bulk member (sphere) 23 and the bulk member (sphere) 23 may be a natural assembly (close::), or assembled in other ways, such as chemical glue bonding; or a loose member to mount a magnetic material, or a brush
  • the magnetic coating uses magnetic attraction, or the wire is used to put the ball up.
  • the bulk-like member 23 may have various shapes such as a rectangular shape, a trapezoidal shape, a spherical shape, a cylindrical shape, and a curved shape. Such as polystyrene foam balls, foam cement mortar surface hollow balls and so on.
  • the implementation process is as follows:
  • the steel mesh of the lower plate surface is tied on the bottom mold, and the rib is retained on the bottom mold, then the gravel is laid on the bottom mold as the block 8, the ball 23 is placed on the gravel, and the ball 23 is assembled.
  • the steel bar can be arranged in the groove of the combined die, and the steel mesh of the upper plate surface and the ball 23 are separated by a mesh block, and the bottom mold is The tensile ribs are connected to the steel mesh of the upper deck to prevent the concrete from floating on the sphere by buoyancy of the sphere.
  • the concrete is poured.
  • the pea stone concrete or the fly ash cement mortar mixed with the fine particle aggregate can be used in the concrete casting process.
  • Hole 6 The concrete under the deck is constructed. Since the sphere can be rolled back and forth, the size of the hole 6 between the spheres 23 can be adjusted, so that it is easy to insert the vibrating rod with the vibrating rod, after the concrete of the lower panel is completed, and then the construction is completed. Concrete on the board.
  • Figure 39 is a perspective perspective view of a combined tire mold assembled with a hollow block body. As shown in Fig. 39, the combined tire mold is assembled into a combined solid tire mold by a bulk member 23 (using a plastic hollow ball and a hollow metal ball), and a hole 6 is formed between the ball and the sphere.
  • the hollow member 8 is provided below the loose member 23, and the front and rear sides and the lower portion of the loose member 23 are provided with holes, and the upper surface is cut flat.
  • the assembly between the bulk member (plate body) 23 and the bulk member (plate body) 23 is joined by chemical glue bonding or hollow bolts.
  • the solid tire mold is combined with the hollow body before and after, and can be used to penetrate the pipeline.
  • the opening below the bulk member 23 can be used to thread the pipeline and install the lamp.
  • Fig. 40 is a cross-sectional view of a reinforced concrete hollow slab constructed by a strip-shaped assembled tire mold
  • Fig. 41 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Fig. 40
  • Figure 42 is a perspective perspective view of a hollow strip-shaped body assembly combined tire mold.
  • the cement mixture panel hollow panel is composed of an upper plate 13, a lower plate 12, a hollow tubular body assembly brain mold 5, a connecting column 14, and a connecting plate 15.
  • the upper plate 13 and the lower plate 12 are connected to each other by a connecting post 14 and a connecting plate 15.
  • the combined solid tire mold is assembled by a bulk member 23 (hollow tube body) and a bulk member 23 (block) into a combined tire mold, and both ends of the bulk member (tube body) 23 are covered with a connecting member (sleeve) 24.
  • the assembled tire mold has a hole 6 formed in the assembled shape.
  • the bulk member (tube body) 23 can be bundled with wire or assembled in other ways. A variety.
  • the implementation process is as follows:
  • the bulk member 23 is assembled into a combined tire mold, and then the reinforcing mesh of the lower deck 12 and the reinforcing bar of the connecting plate 14 are tied on the bottom mold, the combined tire mold is mounted, and the reinforcing mesh of the upper deck 13 is attached, upper and lower layers.
  • the steel mesh of the board is tied together with the connecting steel bars 4.
  • the concrete is poured (in order to improve the workability of the cement mixture, the soft concrete aggregate or the cement mortar can be used), and the hole in the tire mold is used in the process of pouring the concrete. 6Concrete the concrete under the deck, and then finish the concrete construction of the lower panel, then construct the concrete on the deck.
  • Figure 43 is a perspective perspective view of a combined tire mold assembled with a strip and a strip.
  • the combined tire mold is assembled by a bulk member (strip body) 23 and an intermediate short tube 23, and the tube can be blocked by a plug at both ends of the combined tire mold, and the combined tire mold has a hole 6 formed in the assembled mold.
  • the seam between the strip 23 and the short tube 23 is glued and has a sealing effect to prevent leakage.
  • the long tube and the short tube may form a hollow body that penetrates, or may be a hollow body that is relatively isolated in the longitudinal direction and the lateral direction.
  • the hollow body formed by the long pipe and the short pipe can be used to pass through the pipeline, and the opening below the bulk member 23 can be used for threading the pipeline and installing the lamp.
  • a perspective view of the combined tire mold assembled by the perforated plate body is shown.
  • the solid tire mold is assembled into a combined solid tire mold by a perforated bulk member (plate-like body) 23, and the joint member 24 between the bulk members 23 is connected by a tongue or a nipple.
  • the combined tire mold has a hole 6 formed in the assembly and a hole 6 formed in the middle of the loose member 23.
  • the loose member 23 is a foamed plate made of mineral wool or light ceramsite, and has a semicircular groove around the periphery. Perforation on the bulk member can reduce the assembly effort.
  • a perspective view of a combined tire mold assembled in a disk shape (or a discus shape) is shown.
  • the solid tire mold is assembled by a plurality of bulk members (blocks) 23 (in series with steel wires) into a combined tire mold, and the combined tire mold has a hole 6 formed in the assembled shape and a hole reserved between the loose members 23, and the loose member 23
  • a connecting member 24 steel wire
  • a perspective view of a combined tire mold assembled by a curved cylinder is shown.
  • the combined solid tire mold is assembled into a solid solid tire mold by 12 loose members 23 (curved cylinders), and the combined solid tire mold has assembled holes 6 .
  • the loose member 23 is designed as a curved cylinder with an upper flat lower circle (the upper half has a smaller curvature and the lower half has a larger curvature), and the outer surface is smeared to reduce the resistance of the concrete sliding, and the bulk is
  • the member 23 is made of a rigid polyurethane foam waterproof thermal insulation composite material (see Patent Application: 98201157.1 for details), and a support frame 8 is disposed under the loose member 23.
  • the bulk member 23 is naturally assembled with the bulk member 23. Or use a mesh (wire mesh or plastic mesh) bulk member 23 to cover, or assemble in other ways, such as wire joints.
  • the curved cylinder can be solid or hollow.
  • a perspective view of a plum-shaped assembled tire mold is shown.
  • the solid tire mold is formed into a combined solid tire mold by a bulk member (block) 23, and the combined solid tire mold has a hole 6 formed in a package, and the bulk member 23 is made of waste products (cans, beverage bottles, etc.).
  • the assembly between the bulk members (bottles) 23 may be naturally assembled (closely), or assembled in other ways, such as tying the bulk members with a plastic rope, connecting them in series, and the like. The assembly method can be varied.
  • a perspective view of the horizontal assembly of the bottle-shaped assembled tire mold is shown.
  • the solid tire mold is made of a loose member (block) 23 by a rope to form a combined solid tire mold, the combined solid tire mold has a hole 6 formed, and the bulk member 23 is a waste beverage bottle, etc., assembling method: horizontally crossing Assembled side by side.
  • Fig. 49 is a perspective perspective view showing a combination of a strip body (square tube) and a block body in a combined tire mold.
  • four strips (square tubes) 23 and block bodies 23 are assembled into a combined tire mold, and are separated by a block (or short tube) 23 between (square tubes) 23, and a solid tire mold is combined.
  • the two ends can be connected by a connecting member 24 (sleeve), and the end can be blocked by a plug, and the combined tire mold has a hole 6 formed in the assembled shape.
  • the implementation process is as follows: After the tire mold and the steel bar are installed, the concrete is poured. First, the concrete of the lower plate surface is constructed by using the hole 6 formed by assembling the solid tire mold, and the concrete of the lower plate is completed, and then the construction is completed. Concrete on the board. The concrete in the hole 6 becomes a concrete column that connects the upper and lower panels.
  • a perspective view of the combined tire mold assembled by the block-shaped plate body is shown.
  • the tire mold 5 is assembled (squeezed) into a combined tire mold 5 by a bulk member (plate-like body) 23.
  • the connecting members 24 between the bulk members 23 (plate-like bodies) are connected by steel bars.
  • the assembled tire mold 5 has assembled holes 6 and the bulk member 23 is made of ordinary light ceramsite brick or waste wood board or wood foam cement sound absorbing panel (for details, see Patent Application: 00120631.1).
  • the tire mold 5 is made up of a bulk member (sphere) 23 by a connecting member 24 (reinforcing steel) in series to form a combined tire mold 5, and the combined tire mold 5 has a hole 6 formed therein, and the bulk member 23 is made of waste products (industrial, construction, and Made of household garbage, etc.).
  • the format of the compilation can be varied.

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Description

填充胎模及其夹心、 空心结构 技术领域
本发明涉及施工水泥混合物夹心、空心结构的填充胎模及水泥混合物夹心、空心结构（水 泥混合物指： 涉及采用水泥作为胶体材料的各种混合料， 如水泥沙浆、 混凝土、 纤维混凝土、 钢筋混凝土、 钢丝网混凝土等）。 背景技术
钢筋混凝土诞生使钢筋与混凝土两种材料互补长短， 钢筋混凝土结构弥补了素混凝土结 构抗拉、 抗弯性能差的缺点， 但钢筋混凝土结构仍然存在自重大的缺点， 特别是钢筋混凝土 受弯构件如楼板、 桥梁等， 其承载力的大部分主要用于克服结构自重。 而以现有施工技术钢 筋混凝土夹、 空心结构是无法一次浇筑成形， 而采用分次浇注混凝土， 其缺点是施工工期长， 工效低， 新旧混凝土界面粘接强度低等缺点。 发明内容
本发明的目的是设计一种新型的胎模和一种水泥混合物夹心或空心结构。 该胎模适合于 各种水泥制品夹心或空心结构的施工， 特别适合于各种钢筋混凝土夹心板梁施工。
一种填充胎模， 胎模上有一个或一个以上上下面贯通的孔洞。
其中， 胎模为板状结构或箱形结构或組合结构中任选一种。
在本发明中， 所述孔洞处设有孔套、 孔盖、 孔塞或预制盖板。
所述胎模的孔洞内设有孔内壁， 胎模的侧面或孔内壁设有面层。
填充胎模为密实板材、 松散板材、 发泡板材、 孔隙板材、 编制板材、 含有空心体、 空心 条的实心板材或含有空心体、 空心条的空心板材中任选一种。
所述箱形结构胎模包括上板及其与之连接的侧板或加强肋、 支撑块、 支撑板或连接管。 所述箱形结构胎模还进一步包括下板， 该下板与侧板或加强肋、 支撑块、 支撑板或连接 管连接， 在下板上开有至少一个孔洞。
所述组合结构胎模由散状构件拼装、 串联、 编制而成。
在本发明中， 散装构件为板状体、 块壮体、 球状体、 条状体、 管状体中任选一种或多种。 一种夹心、 空心结构， 上、 下水泥混合物面板中间有填充胎模， 填充胎模和上、 下水泥 混合物面板上有孔洞， 孔洞中有连接柱或连接板将上、 下水泥混合物面板连成整体结构。
以上所述夹心、 空心结构， 可以用于楼板、 墙板、 道路路面夹心板、 地基基 等。
以上所述填充胎模可以是任何类型的形状和结构， 如板状体、 块状体、 球状体、 箱形体、 管状体、 条状体、 松散个体组合体或编织体等多种形状； 即可以是实心的、 也可以是空心的； 既可以是刚性的， 也可以是柔性的或松散的。 胎模材料可以选择任何廉价、 轻质材料， 既可 以是刚性的， 也可以是柔性的 （如玻璃棉、 矿棉等柔性材料）或松散（锯沫等） 的。
胎模上的孔洞 6的大小和数量分布可以根据需要确定（取决于混凝土的坍落度、 下板混 凝土的厚度、 钢筋网的蔬密等因数）； 胎模上的孔洞 6的形状是各种各样的， 如方形、 菱形、 圆形等。
胎模上、 下、 侧面或孔内壁设有面层。 面层起隔离和保护、 增强胎模特性的作用。 如增 强胎模的机械强度（抗压、 抗弯、 抗裂、 抗冲击、 柔韧性等性能）、 表面光滑度、 以及提高实 心胎模保温、 隔音、 吸音、 吸热、 防水、 防火、 抗震等特性； 面层是指与胎模芯层有区别的 物质 (如外壳、 面板、 网格、 涂层、 膜、 或纤维等)， 可以是各种板（波紋板、 胶板等）、 涂层、 纤维布、 硬质表皮等。 例如， 泡沫板上粘贴纤维胶布以提高胎模强度、 抗裂、 抗渗性能； 例 如在铺平松散黏结材料下面垫上木板、 竹板或以提高胎模的整体受力性能， 或在实心胎模刷 涂料已提高憎水性， 避免施工中胎模吸水。
以上所述板状构件是指： 在一块板材上， 有一个或一个以上的孔洞， 该孔洞用于浇注填 充体下面的水泥混合物施工， 板材采用实心板或空心板。
胎模选择轻质 （密度比水泥混合物低）材料做夹心层， 可以与外包水泥混合物可以构成 复合材料，利用填充胎模的性能来改善板梁的性能，例如当设计需要提高夹心楼板的吸音 /隔音 /隔热性能时， 填充胎模可选择吸音 /隔音 /隔热材料； 当设计需要减轻楼板的重量时， 胎模可 选择轻质 （泡沫混凝土、 陶粒混凝土、 或高分子塑料泡沫板等）材料。
施工完水泥混合物夹心板梁后， 在上、 下水泥混合物面板开孔（或予留孔洞）， 可以用溶 剂 （苯或汽油）灌入夹心板梁将聚合物泡沫（如聚苯乙烯、 聚氨脂泡沫等）板溶解， 取出后 重新使用。 上、 下水泥混合物面板开孔还具有特定的用途， 具有观察（如用内窥镜观察箱形 空心体内部混凝土的施工质量）、 安装管线、 灯具、 装饰等用途。
箱形空心填充胎模的形状可以是为矩形， 盆、 多面体、 圆形等形体。 胎模的形状及其开 孔可以根据需要确定， 箱形空心体的材料可以就地取材， 如钢筋混凝土、 塑料、 废弃模板； 膨胀珍珠岩、 蛭石； 发泡材料如泡沫混凝土块、 硬质高分子塑料泡沫（如聚苯乙烯、 聚乙烯、 聚丙烯、 聚氨脂泡沫、 聚酰氨等）； 木竹筐等。
利用箱形空心胎模 5具有的保温、 隔音、抗渗等特性来改善箱形空心板梁的性能是一种 很好的设计理念， 它具有用料省， 效果好的优点， 例如将胎模设计成轻质钢筋混凝土（也可 以选择泡沫混凝土、 陶粒混凝土、 或硬质高分子塑料泡沫板等材料） 箱形空心胎模来提高箱 形空心板梁的保温性能。
将箱形空心胎模 5设计成钢筋混凝土预制结构， 箱形空心胎模上予留钢筋， 它与外包钢 筋混凝土结构构成复合结构、 叠合结构， 从而改善钢筋混凝土箱形空心板梁的受力， 减少上、 下层水泥混合物面板的现浇厚度。 箱形胎模与箱形胎模之间可以间隔布置也可以密贴拼装布 置。
在钢筋混凝土箱形空心板梁的上、 下板面的开孔具有特定的用途。 具有观察（如用内窥 镜观察箱形空心体内部混凝土的施工质量）、 施工下层板（如通过予留孔下料、 震捣、 抹面、 拆内模等）、 排水以及安装管线、 灯具、 装饰等用途。
以上所述组合构件是指: 由散状构件（板状体、 块壮体、 球状体、 条状体、 管状体等） 拼装、 串联、 编制成一个整体胎模， 胎模上开有一个或一个以上上下面贯通的孔洞， 利用孔 洞用于浇注填充体下面的水泥混合物施工。
散状构件之间用夹块隔开， 夹块的功能是将散状构件隔开，可以是各种形状，如长方体, 园柱体， 球体， 空心管。 连接件 24可以是黏结剂， 电磁引力吸引， 连接纤维、 管套、 外筐等； 下料管或散状构件相互密贴。， 散状构件之间或自然拼装
散状构件的组合形式有拼装、 串联、 编制等形式； 拼装胎模， 是指散状构件之间形成无 间隙接触； 密贴拼装可以提高组合胎模的填充体积， 进而减轻钢筋混凝土夹心、 空心结构的 自重。
与现有技术相比， 本发明具有如下优点。
1、 当施工的钢筋混凝土夹心、 空心结构较薄时， 填充胎模应选择板状结构胎模和开式箱 形结构胎模， 对施工钢筋混凝土中厚板， 填充胎模应选择箱形胎模。 箱形结构胎模， 它可以最大幅度的节省填充材料， 提高钢筋混凝土板梁的空心率。
2、 在填充胎模表面开槽， 可以在混凝土夹心、 空心结构内形成暗肋， 从而改善夹心、 空 心结构的受力。 但增加了填充胎模的制作工艺， 增加了填充胎模生产成本， P争低填充 胎模的整体强度（容易断裂）， 减少填充胎模的体积， 进而降低钢筋混凝土板梁的空心 率。
3、 填充胎膜的间隔布置， 使钢筋混凝土夹心、 空心结构内形成了纵横交错的连接板 14, 大大改善钢筋混凝土夹心或空心结构的受力， 因而又可以节省填充胎模表面的开槽。
4、 将散状构件密贴拼装成组合胎模可以提高提高组合胎模的填充体积， 进而减轻钢筋混 凝土夹心、 空心结构的自重。 组合胎模可以具有充分利用现有的一切产品和（工业、 生活）废料， 且易制作和加工 （便于施工现场才艮据实际需要的尺寸进行裁剪和拼凑） 的特点。
5、 实心胎模选择轻质 （密度比水泥混合物低）材料做夹心层， 可以与外包水泥混合物可 以构成复合材料,利用实心胎模的性能来改善板梁的性能， 轻质板材作夹心层可以提高 夹心楼板、保温墙板的吸音 /隔音 /隔热性能。 实心胎膜在施工过程中不易踩裂， 表面发 生裂缝对结构施工也影响不大； 可以克服空心管填充胎模易破碎， 水泥浆易倒灌充胎 内部的缺陷。
6、 采用密闭箱形空心胎膜具有施工简便的特点。 在胎模下面开孔或取消下板， 可以减少 胎模下板面与混凝土之间的接触面， 进而减少胎模下板面混凝土滑动的阻力， 使箱形 空心结构下板面的混凝土施工更顺利。
7、 采用钢筋混凝土夹心楼板， 可以大幅度节省混凝土的用量， 这为高强度（或轻质）混 凝土的使用创造了条件； 板状结构胎模的采用， 对混凝土和易性提出更高要求， 建议 采用细颗粒骨料拌制的豆石混凝土或水泥沙浆。
8、 采用黏土制成的发泡板胎模施工混凝土道路路面或混凝土基础， 工艺简便， 经济。
9、 本发明的夹心板的， 由于上、 下板用中间密集连接柱连接， 使上、 下水泥混合物面板 承载力提高 （特别是抗冲击力）， 是一种施工简便， 空心率极高结构形式。 附图说明
图 1为采用轻质矿棉板或陶粒板胎模施工单向夹心板的安装工艺示意图；
图 2为钢筋混凝土单向夹心板横截面图；
图 3为图 2的 A - A平剖面图；
图 4为轻质矿棉板或陶粒板胎模立体透视图；
图 5为采用高空隙蜂窝板胎模施工夹层板示意图；
图 6为图 5的 A - A平剖面图；
图 7为高空隙蜂窝板膽模立体透视图；
图 8为采用夹心板结构有空心体的实心板材胎模透视图；
图 9为开有蜂窝斜孔实心胎模透视图；
图 10为采用编制结构实心胎模透视图；
图 11为采用含有空心条的空心板胎模立体透视图；
图 12为采用弧形开孔的泡沫复合板胎模立体透视图；
图 13为上下面球形开孔的泡沫复合板胎模立体透视图；
图 14为采用双向波紋表面胎模立体透视图；
图 15为采用开有凹槽的双向波紋表面胎模立体透视图；
图 16为上下表面采用球形表面、 球形开孔的胎模立体透视图；
图 17为采用矩形开孔的泡沫复合板胎模立体透视图；
图 18为采用带孔帽的开口箱形胎模施工钢筋混凝土双向箱形空心板安装示意图； 图 19为图 4浇注混凝土后钢筋混凝土双向箱形空心板横截面图；
图 20为图 5的 A - A剖面图；
图 21为带孔帽的开口箱形胎模立体透视图；
图 22为预制盖板式开口箱形胎模立体透视图；
图 23为采用密闭箱形空心胎模施工单项夹心板示意图；
图 24为图 17的 A - A平剖面图；
图 25为密闭箱形空心胎模立体透视图；
图 26所示为自带孔帽、 孔盖的开口箱形胎模立体透视图； 图 27为有方形支撑块的封闭式箱形空心胎模立体透视图；
图 28为有条形支撑块封闭式箱形空心胎模立体透视图；
图 29所示为有条形支撑板开口式箱形空心胎模立体透视图；
图 30所示为扩大盖板的开口箱形胎模立体透视图；
图 31所示为带有孔帽、 孔盖的开口箱形胎模立体透视图；
图 32所示为弧形开口箱形胎模立体透视图；
图 33所示为密闭予应力管道箱形胎模立体透视；
图 34为调节孔口大小的开口箱形胎模立体透视图；
图 35采用块状体拼装组合胎模施工钢筋混凝土夹心、 空心板横截面图；
图 36为块状体 1的斜对齐拼贴布置平剖面图；
图 37为块状体 1的正对齐拼贴布置平剖面图；
图 38为块状体拼装组合胎模立体透视图；
图 39为空心块状体体拼装的组合胎模立体透视图；
图 40采用条状体拼装组合胎模施工钢筋混凝土空心板横截面图；
图 41为图 40的 A-A平剖面图；
图 42为空心条状体体拼装组合胎模立体透视图；
图 43为条状体与条状体拼装的组合胎模立体透视图；
图 44所示为穿孔板体拼装的组合胎模立体透视图；
图 45所示为圆盘状（或铁饼状）块体拼装的組合胎模立体透视图；
图 46所示为曲面圆柱体拼装的组合胎模立体透视图；
图 47所示为梅花状编制拼装组合胎模立体透视图；
图 48所示为瓶状体水平拼装组合胎模立体透视图；
图 49为条状体 (方管） 与块体拼装成组合胎模立体透视图；
图 50所示为块形板状体拼装的組合胎模立体透视图；
图 51所示为球体串联组合胎模立体透视图。 附图图例：
1表示箱形胎模的上板， 2表示箱形空心胎模的下层板 (简称下板）， 3表示箱形胎模的 侧板 4表示胎模上的孔帽， 5表示填充胎模整体， 6表示胎模上的孔洞， 7表示胎模上孔盖 (或孔塞）， 8表示胎模下的支撑脚， 9表示在胎模 5上、 下表面的扩大口 （或、 喇叭口）， 10 表示胎模 5上的凹凸槽、 凹凸面， 11表示孔洞处设有孔套， 12表示混凝土下板， 13表示混 凝土上板， 14表示混凝土上、 下板之间的连接柱， 15表示混凝土上、 下板之间连接板， 16表 示胎模内的空心条、 17表示胎模内的空心体， 18表示连接胎模上、 下面的连接管， 19表示 在胎模上予留的钢筋， 20表示预制盖板， 21表示胎模内的支撑板或支撑块， 22表示钢筋混 凝土箱形空心板梁上板、下板上的孔洞。 23表示组成胎模之个体（板状体、块状体、条状体）； 24表示表示个体之间的连接件; 25表示底模, 26表示下层钢筋网, 27表示上层钢筋网, 28 表示连接钢筋， 29表示表示散状构件侧边的凹槽。 具体实施方式
如图 1、 图 2、 图 3、 图 4所示， 其胎模设计、钢筋混凝土单向夹心板实施过程说明如下：
1 胎模设计 （见图 4 )
胎模 5设计成长方形， 其上开有若干个孔洞 6, 为了确保孔口在施工过程中不被损坏， 在 孔口可以设计一个套管， 套管的材料不限 (例如可采用金属或塑料套管），孔洞 6的形状可以设 计成矩形、 圆形、 多边形等多种形状。 孔洞 6的大小和数量分布根据需要确定， 胎模 5上的 孔洞 6的分布应尽量使混凝土的流动距离最短。
胎模 5 采用轻质陶粒砖或废弃木板或木材泡沫水泥吸声板 (详细做法见专利申 请: 00120631.1 )或采用普通黏土掺水泥（2—10% )与加气剂制成的板材或采用廉价的建筑或 生活垃圾经无害处理压制而成发泡板材， 在板的面层加入纤维： 如钢筋、 竹筋、 塑料网格等 纤维材料提高板的强度。
在胎模下面设计有凹凸块作支撑脚 8使用， 这种胎模重量轻， 防火、 隔热、 隔音性能好， 有一定强度， 能确保在施工过程中胎模不变形。
2 钢筋混凝土单向夹心板的施工 （见图 1、 2、 3 )
钢筋混凝土单向夹心板由上层钢筋混凝土板 13 ,下层钢筋混凝土板 12,开孔夹心胎模 5 , 及纵、 横连接板 15组成。
其实施过程如下： 首先在底模 25上绑扎下层板面的钢筋网 26和连接钢筋 28 , 然后安装 条形胎模 5, 再绑扎上层板面的钢筋网 27, 上、 下层板面的钢筋网片与连接钢筋 4绑扎一起。 在胎模下面自带有支撑脚 8, 以保证下板混凝土的浇注厚度， 并用铁丝 (或细钢筋）将胎模 5 固定在下层钢筋网上或底模上避免在浇注混凝土过程中胎模上浮或上下、 左右、 前后移动。
胎模和钢筋绑扎安装完毕后， 开始浇注混凝土（为提高水泥混合物的和易性， 可采用细 颗粒骨料拌制的豆石混凝土或水泥沙浆），在浇注混凝土过程中利用胎模上面的孔洞 6施工下 板面的混凝土， 等下板的混凝土施工完毕后， 用孔塞 7将胎模上的孔洞 6填充， 将孔 6中的 混凝土挤下去 （孔塞 7可以采用与胎模同样的材料， 或采用连接柱为轻质混凝土预制块， 预 制块有钢筋上下板相连， 这样可以提高楼板的隔热 /隔音性能， 孔塞 7的作用除了减轻夹心板 的重量外， 还可以使下板的混凝土施工更密实， 然后施工上板面的混凝土。
图 5为采用高空隙蜂窝板胎模施工夹层板示意图， 图 6为图 5的 A - A平剖面图。 图 7 为高空隙蜂窝板胎模立体透视图。 其实施过程说明如下：
1 、 胎模设计（见图 6、 7 ) 胎模 5采用轻质隔音、 隔热板材， 例如采用农业废料（桔杆、 稻杆）制成的各种高空隙 蜂窝板等， 在胎模表面可以设置有柔性隔离层 （如塑料布）。
在胎模 5下表面 （或上、 下表面）开有凹槽（凹槽可以单向的、 双向的或多项的）， 在 凹槽上开有孔洞 6 (可以改善夹层板的刚度、 便于钢筋网的布置和便于混凝土浇注）， 孔洞 6 下面带喇叭口 9形状， 孔洞 6按等间距布置成成矩形、 菱形、 梅花形或其他形状。
2 、 钢筋混凝土单向夹心板的施工 （见图 5、 6 )
其实施过程如下： 如图 5所示， 钢筋混凝土夹心板由上层钢筋混凝土板 13 , 下层钢筋混 凝土板 12, 开孔夹心胎模 5 , 及纵、 横连接板 15组成。
首先在底模 1上铺有下层板面的钢筋网 2 (或采用钢丝网或其他纤维材料 ), 然后安装 胎模 5, 胎模 5上开有孔洞 6, 再铺上层板面的钢筋网 3 (钢丝网或其他纤维材料）, 通过胎 模上孔口 6用钢筋 (或钢丝）将上、 下层板面的钢筋网 (钢丝网或其他纤维材料)连起来。
胎模和钢筋网绑扎安装完毕后， 开始浇注混凝土 （或水泥砂浆）， 在浇注混凝土过程中 利用胎模上面的孔洞 6施工下板面的混凝土 (或水泥砂浆）, 等下板的混凝土 (或水泥砂浆 ) 施工完毕后施工上板面的混凝土 (或水泥砂浆）, 混凝土 (或水泥砂浆）施工完毕, 胎模上孔 洞 6中填满混凝土 （或水泥砂浆）， 成为连接上下层钢筋混凝土板的混凝土连接柱 14, 连接 柱 14也可以用轻质混凝土预制块， 预制块有钢筋， 预制块作为孔塞插入胎模上孔洞 6中， 成 为上下板的连接柱。
如图 8为采用夹心板结构有空心体的实心板材胎模透视图。 夹心材料可以是各种材料， 为提高空心率在胎模制作过程中埋入空心体 17, 形成含有空心体的实心板材。 空心体可以采 用塑料空心球或废弃塑料瓶、罐头瓶等， 然后用泡沫混凝土或聚苯乙烯等泡沫材料粘成板材， 在板材表面设保护板（例如用胶合板、 金属板保护）， 上下保护板上用空心套管螺栓相连。 胎 模上按施工需要开孔， 空心套管可以作为浇注下层混凝土的孔洞 6使用， 孔洞 6的上下端设 计有喇八口 9。
胎模上下面采用金属保护板与可以改善钢筋混凝土板夹心板受力， 减少配筋量， 如果胎 模的上下金属保护板采用压纹钢板与外包混凝土组成钢 -混凝土板混合结构。
如图 9为开有蜂窝斜孔实心胎模透视图。在实心胎模上开有斜孔 6 (或埋入交叉管）， 利 用这种蜂窝芯板制作夹心胎模， 孔洞 6中填满混凝土， 成为连接上下层钢筋混凝土面板的混 凝土斜柱（或交叉柱）， 它可以改善夹心板受力。
如图 10为采用编制结构实心胎模透视图。 胎模材料可以各种采用松散材料， 如稻草、 藤、 秸杆等廉价材料， 将其编制成实心开孔胎模， 在胎模予留孔洞 6 (用于浇注下面板的混 凝土）， 胎模表面可以设保护板或隔离层 （例如用塑料布或刷隔离涂料避免水泥浆渗入）。
如图 11为采用含有空心条的空心板胎模立体透视图。 当胎模 5板材较厚时， 为提高空 心率将胎模制作成空心板， 在空心板上开孔 6, 竖孔 6与横孔 16形成贯通， 竖孔 6应密封， 可以设孔套 11或用胶体、 封堵材料（如水泥砂浆、 胶泥、 泡沫材料）密封， 避免水泥浆倒灌 入横孔 15。 带空心条板材可以就地取材， 例如采用有一定强度带空心条的泡沫混凝土或带空 心条石膏板材等或。 在胎模 5开有长方形孔洞 6 (便于混凝土浇注）， 孔洞 6上面有孔盖 7。 图 12为采用弧形开孔的泡沫复合板胎模立体透视图。 如图 23所示， 胎模采用海南大吉 钢塑板厂生产的钢塑板各种良特复合泡沫板或胎模可以选择采用新型憎水膨胀珍珠岩水泥聚 苯保温绝热板（参见《保温材料与建筑节能》 2001年第 10期王洪镇所作）， 胎模上开有弧形 孔洞 6, 孔洞 6的上端或下端或上下两端同时设计成弧形扩大口 9。
图 13为上下面球形开孔的泡沫复合板胎模立体透视图。 如图 24所示， 胎模采用上海三 欣挤塑泡沫板有限公司生产的保温挤塑板或采用蜂窝孔隙泡沫复合板或采用高分子复合泡沫 板材（参见专利申请: 02804777.X )。 胎模上开有弧形开孔 6, 孔洞 6的上端或下端或上下两端 同时设计成球形扩大口 9, 胎模上下面是球形的表面。
图 14为采用双向波纹表面胎模立体透视图。 如图 27所示， 胎模上下表面采用双向 （纵 横方向或多方向）波纹曲面， 胎模上开有方形开孔 6, 开孔 6开有扩大口 9。 胎模可以选择采 用普通黏土掺水泥与加气剂制成的板才或采用廉价的建筑或生活垃圾经无害处理压制而成板 才用于施工混凝土夹心路面。
图 15为采用开有凹槽的双向波纹表面胎模立体透视图。 如图 28所示， 胎模上下表面采 用双向 （纵横方向或多方向） 波紋曲面， 波紋曲面上开有凹槽 10， 胎模上开有方形开孔 6, 开孔 6 开有扩大口。 胎模可以选择采用高空隙或中等空隙率高分子泡沫板材（参见专利申 请: 03141968.2 )或采用稻草板， 它具有高强、 质轻、 隔音、 隔热、 耐火等特点 （参见科技情 报与经济 1995年第 5卷第 2期石建军所作）用于施工混凝土夹心墙板， 凹槽 10可在夹心板 内形成混凝土肋 。
图 16为上下表面采用球形表面、 球形开孔的胎模立体透视图。 如图 30所示， 胎模上、 下面采用球形凹凸不平表面， 胎模上开有球形开孔 6, 孔洞 6的上、 下端为球形扩大口 9, 胎 模上、 下表面是球形凹凸不平的表面， 胎模上有凹槽 10。 胎模可以选择釆用泡沫水泥膨胀珍 珠岩复合保温板（参见《材料与应用》 1998年第 10期周明所作）或采用蜂窝式夹心板材（参 见《新型建筑材料》 1995年第 10期高剑平所作）或采用球形闭孔膨胀珍珠岩复合保温板。（参 见 《中国非金属矿工业导刊》 2004年第 4期刘鹏所作）
图 17为采用矩形开孔的泡沫复合板胎模立体透视图。 如图 22所示， 胎模采用广州良特 复合泡沫板有限公司， 胎模上开有矩形孔洞 6 (可以是正方形或长方形 ), 孔洞 6的上端或下 端或上下两端同时设计扩大口 9。
如图 18、 图 19、 图 20、 图 21所示， 双向钢筋混凝土箱形空心板由上板 13、 下板 12及 中间的连接板 15、 开口式箱形胎模 5构成。 开口式箱形胎模 5由上板 1及四个侧板 2构成， 在上板上开有一个圆形孔 6, 孔 6上有孔帽 4、 孔板（或孔塞） 7。
胎模 5设计： 方案一， 泡沫粉煤灰板， 以粉煤灰作为原料，经发泡制作成一种表面光洁、 呈闭口气孔、 内部呈蜂窝状结构的制品； 该板亦可与泡沫硅酸铝、 珍珠岩、 及矿 （岩）棉复 合形成复合制品； 方案二， 钢丝网泡沫混凝土轻质板， 它是在混凝土板内设有二层钢丝网， 并与用水泥、 沙、 矿渣、 发泡剂按比例调配成的混凝土， 也可以参入一定比例聚氨酯或聚苯 乙烯泡沫颗粒。
本例中箱形空心胎模 5采用钢筋混凝土预制件, 胎模 5的上板 1设计成拱形 (折面）在 于改善受力， 胎模 5上板、 侧板予留钢筋 10便于与上、 下层现浇钢筋混凝土更好地连接， 侧 板下面自带垫块 8 (可以更稳固， 避免箱形空心填充体在浇注过程中移动）， 胎模的上板 1开 有孔洞 6, 箱形空心胎模 5与现浇钢筋混凝土构成复合箱形空心结构。
施工过程： 先安装胎模和绑扎钢筋， 然后将箱形空心胎模 5上的予留孔 6用孔帽 4封住 (本例中孔帽 4设计有三种形式： 漏斗形， 带拉手的盖板， 泡沫塞）。 开始浇注混凝土， 等混 凝土施工基本完毕时， 去掉孔帽 4, 打开孔洞 6, 利用孔 6施工下板面的混凝土（或对下板面 混凝土进行补浆， 人工或机械抹平）， 用孔盖（或孔塞） 7密封予留孔 6, 然后用钢筋网将孔 洞 6钢筋缺口补上， 然后浇注上层板的混凝土。 孔 6的封堵方式可以设计成各式各样的， 例 如盖板式、 抽屉式、 卷帘式、 拉闸式等。
如图 22所示开口箱形胎模 5由上板 1及四个侧板 2构成， 在上板 1上开有一个大方形 孔 6 , 孔 6上有混凝土预制盖板 20。
实施过程：先将箱形空心胎模利用孔 6施工下板面的混凝土，用钢筋混凝土预制盖板 15 密封予留孔 6并与现浇上层板的混凝土连成一体， 或等现浇混凝土完成后， 等钢筋混凝土箱 形空心板内安装管线后再盖预制盖板 20。
如图见图 23、 24、 25所示， 混凝土箱形空心板由上、 下混凝土面板 13、 12及中间的连 接板 15、 密闭箱形空心胎模 5构成。
密闭箱形空心胎模 5由上板 1、 下板 2、 板 3组和连接管 18构成密闭箱形空心胎模， 密 闭箱形空心胎模内内有纵、 横支撑板 21相连， 上板 1、 下板 2上开有孔洞 6, 上下板上孔洞 用连接管 18连通， 胎模 5可以是各种材料制造的， 例如采用木板、 废弃模板、 塑料板、 钢板 等板材。 孔洞 6的大小、 形状和数量分布根据需要确定。
施工过程： 胎模和钢筋绑扎安装完毕后， 开始浇注混凝土， 在浇注混凝土过程中利用胎 模上面的孔洞 6施工下板面的混凝土， 等下板的混凝土施工完毕后， 用孔塞 7将胎模上孔洞 6密封， 将孔洞 6中的混凝土密封压下去（孔塞 7可以采用与胎模同样的材料， 轻廣混凝土 或采用 PVC密封空心管， 孔塞 7的作用除了减轻夹心板的重量外， 还可以使下板的混凝土施 工更密实）， 然后抹平上板面的混凝土。
如图 26所示为自带孔帽、 孔盖的开口箱形胎模立体透视图， 胎模 5 由上板 1、 下板 2 和侧板 3组合而成， 上板 1、 下板 2上开有孔洞 6 (上面为圆孔， 下板上大方孔） 6, 在上板 1的圆形孔 6上有管道型孔帽 4, 孔帽 4上有孔盖 7, 胎模 5采用硬质塑料。
施工过程： 胎模和钢筋绑扎安装完毕后， 先将箱形空心胎模 5上的予留孔 6用孔帽 4 封住（本例中孔帽 4设计为漏斗形；)。 开始浇注混凝土， 通过孔帽 4可以看见下板混凝土的浇 注情况， 利用孔帽 4下料、 施工下板面的混凝土 （或对下板面混凝土进行补浆， 人工或机械 抹平）， 等混凝土施工完后， 孔帽 4上盖上孔盖 7, 根据需要孔盖 7是可以开启的。
如图 27所示为有方形支撑块的封闭式箱形空心胎模立体透视图，胎模 5由上板 1、下板 2、 侧板 3和支撑块 16用黏结剂粘合而成， 上板 1、 下板 2上开有孔洞 6, 上、 下板上孔洞用 支撑块 16上的孔洞连通， 胎模 5采用聚合物泡沫板构件。 支撑块 16的首要作用支撑胎模 5 上板 1 , 其次作用连接胎模 5下板 2, 支撑块 16上可以设置孔洞， 也可以不设置孔洞， 设置 孔洞， 孔洞也可以设置成圆形、 方形孔洞， 支撑块 16也可以起到连接管 11的作用。
如图 28所示为有条形支撑块封闭式箱形空心胎模立体透视图，胎模 5由上板 1、下板 2、 侧板 3和支撑块 16组合而成, 胎模 5采用植物板， 用铁钉钉成, 胎模 5上板 1、 下板 2上开 有孔洞 6, 上、 下板上孔洞用支撑块 16上的孔洞连通， 支撑块 16为条状。
如图 29所示为有条形支撑板开口式箱形空心胎模立体透视图， 胎模 5由上板 1、 侧板 3 和支撑板 16组合而成, 胎模 5采用植物板， 用铁钉钉成， 胎模 5上板 1上开有孔洞 6, 上板 下有支撑板 16, 支撑板 16为条状。
实施说明：
胎模和钢筋绑扎安装完毕后， 开始浇注混凝土， 在浇注混凝土过程中利用胎模上面的开 孔 6施工下板面的混凝土， 抹平下板的混凝土后， 用盖板 7将胎模上孔洞 6密封， 抹平上板 面的混凝土。
如图 30所示为扩大盖板的开口箱形胎模立体透视图，上板 1的下边连着侧板 3 ,在上板 1上开有孔洞 6, 在上板 1上和侧板 3的下面支撑钢筋 8或予留连接钢筋， 这种胎模可以用于 施工管道形楼板结构。
如图 31所示为带有孔帽、 孔盖的开口箱形胎模立体透视图， 胎模 5由上板 1和侧板 3 (斜板）组合而成， 上板 1的边缘连着侧板 3。 上板 1开有圆孔 6, 在上板 1的圆形孔 6上有 管道型孔帽 4, 孔帽 4上有孔盖 7, 胎模 5采用加气混凝土， 混凝土胎模上设有予留筋 10。
如图 32所示为弧形开口箱形胎模立体透视图， 上板 1的边缘连着侧板 3 , 在拱形上板 1 上开有孔洞 6, 在侧板 3的下面支撑钢筋 8, 孔帽 4上有孔盖 7, 胎模 5采用硬质塑料。
如图 33所示为密闭予应力管道箱形胎模立体透视图， 胎模 5由上板 1、 下板 2和侧板 3 组合而成， 胎模 5两端可以设端头板， 上板 1、 下板 2上开有孔洞 6, 上下板上孔洞用连接管 11连通， 胎模 5采用予应力钢筋混凝土构件， 胎模 5两断有予留钢筋 10, 胎模 5外表面拉毛 (表面凹凸不平）或设有予留钢筋 10。
如图 34所示开口胎模 5由上板 1及左右两边侧板 3构成开口空心箱体结构， 在上板上 开有一个长孔洞 6, 孔洞 6上的孔盖 7是可移动的、 或可伸展的 （或者说孔洞 6是可移动）。
胎模 5可以选择塑料、 木板等材料、 钢筋混凝土预制或纤维混凝土预制结构（如玻璃纤 维或纲纤维混凝土预制结构）。本例胎模 5采用钢筋混凝土预制构件， 胎模 5上下表面予留有 钢筋 10, 侧板下设计有支撑腿替代混凝土垫块 8。
图 35采用块状体拼装组合胎模施工钢筋混凝土夹心、 空心板横截面图， 图 36为块状体 23的斜对齐拼贴布置平剖面图。 图 37为块状体的正对齐拼贴布置平剖面图。 图 38为块状体 拼装组合胎模立体透视图。 如图 35、 图 36、 图 37、 图 38所示， 水泥混合物板夹心 （或空心）板由上板 13、 下板 12、连接柱 14、及组合胎模 5构成。块状体拼装组合胎模 5由散状构件 23 (块状体采用球体 ) 拼装成组合胎模， 组合胎模上有拼装成形的孔洞 6,孔洞 6上下端呈现喇 p八形扩大口 9 , 组 合实心胎模可以是单层或多层球体拼装而成。
散状构件 23上设有拉手， 以便固定（用钢丝穿过拉手与钢筋绑扎在一起或球体相互绑 在一起），散状构件 23的拼贴方式可以是多种多样的，图 6所示为球体 23的斜对齐拼贴布置； 图 7所示为球体 23的正对齐拼贴布置。
散状构件（球体 ) 23与散状构件（球体 ) 23之间的拼装可以是自然拼装（紧贴：)， 或用 其他方式拼装， 如化学胶水黏结； 或散状构件安装磁性材料、 或刷磁性涂料利用磁性相吸， 或用钢丝将球穿起来等。
块状散状构件 23可以是长方形、 梯形、 球形、 柱面形以及曲面形等各种形状。 如聚苯 乙烯泡沫球， 泡沫水泥砂浆抹面空心球等。
其实施过程说明如下：
首先在底模上绑扎下层板面的钢筋网 , 并在底模上予留拉结筋, 然后在底模上铺放砾石 作为垫块 8 , 在砾石上安放球体 23 , 并将球体 23拼成组合胎模， 再绑扎上层板面的钢筋网， 钢筋可以布置在组合膽模的凹槽处， 上层板面的钢筋网与球体 23之间用网状垫块隔开， 将底 模上的予留拉结筋与上层板面的钢筋网连接， 以免混凝土对球体的浮力使球体上浮。
胎模和钢筋绑扎安装完毕后， 开始浇注混凝土（为提高水泥混合物的和易性， 可采用细 颗粒骨料拌制的豆石混凝土或粉煤灰水泥沙浆 在浇注混凝土过程中利用胎模上面的孔洞 6 施工下板面的混凝土， 由于球体可以前后左右滚动， 球体 23之间的孔洞 6大小是可调节的， 这样便于用震动棒插入振捣,等下板的混凝土施工完毕后， 然后施工上板面的混凝土。
图 39为空心块状体体拼装的组合胎模立体透视图。 如图 39所示， 组合胎模由散状构件 23 (采用塑料空心球和空心金属球）拼装成组合实心胎模， 球体与球体之间有拼装成形的孔 洞 6。
散状构件 23下方自带有空心管 8 , 散状构件 23的前后左右及下面开有孔， 上面切平。 散状构件（板体 ) 23与散状构件（板体 ) 23之间的拼装用化学胶水黏结或空心螺栓连起来等。 组合实心胎模前后左右是贯通的空心体， 可以用穿管线， 散状构件 23下面的开孔可以用于穿 管线， 安装灯具。 ，.
图 40采用条状体拼装组合胎模施工钢筋混凝土空心板横截面图， 图 41为图 40的 A-A 平剖面图。 图 42为空心条状体体拼装組合胎模立体透视图。
如图 40、 图 41、 图 42所示， 水泥混合物板空心板由上板 13、 下板 12、 空心管体拼装 组合脑模 5及连接柱 14、 和连接板 15构成。 上板 13、 下板 12通过连接柱 14和连接板 15连 接成整体结构。 组合实心胎模由散状构件 23 (空心管体）与散状构件 23 (块体）拼装成组合 胎模， 散状构件（管体） 23的两端用连接件（管套） 24套住， 组合胎模上有拼装成形的孔洞 6。 散状构件（管体） 23之间的可以用铁丝捆绑， 或用其他方式拼装， 管体 23的拼贴方式有 多种。
其实施过程说明如下：
首先将散状构件 23拼成组合胎模，然后在底模上绑扎下层板面 12的钢筋网和连接板 14 的钢筋， 安装组合胎模， 再绑扎上层板面 13的钢筋网， 上、 下层板面的钢筋网片与连接钢筋 4绑扎一起。 在胎模下面有垫块 8, 以保证下板混凝土的浇注厚度， 并用铁丝（或细钢筋）将 胎模 5 固定在下层钢筋网上或底模上避免在浇注混凝土过程中胎模上浮或上下、 左右、 前后 移动。
胎模和钢筋绑扎安装完毕后， 开始浇注混凝土（为提高水泥混合物的和易性， 可采用细 颗粒骨料拌制的豆石混凝土或水泥沙浆），在浇注混凝土过程中利用胎模上面的孔洞 6施工下 板面的混凝土， 等下板的混凝土施工完毕后， 然后施工上板面的混凝土。
如图 43条状体与条状体拼装的組合胎模立体透视图。 组合胎模由散状构件（条状体） 23和中间的短管 23拼装而成， 组合胎模两端可以用堵头将管封堵， 組合胎模上有拼装成形 的孔洞 6。 条状体 23与短管 23的接缝应用胶黏结， 同时具有密封效果， 以免漏浆。 长管与 短管可以形成贯通的空心体， 也可以是纵、 横向相对隔绝的空心体。
长管与短管形成贯通的空心体可以用穿管线，散状构件 23下面的开孔可以用于穿管线， 安装灯具。
如图 44所示为穿孔板体拼装的组合胎模立体透视图。实心胎模由穿孔散状构件（板状体） 23拼装成组合实心胎模， 散状构件 23之间的连接件 24采用企口或榫头连接。 组合胎模上有 拼装成形的孔洞 6和散状构件 23中间穿的孔洞 6, 散状构件 23为采用矿棉或轻质陶粒制成 的发泡板材， 其周边有半圆形凹槽， 散状构件上穿孔可以减少拼装工作量。
如图 45所示为圆盘状（或铁饼状）块体拼装的组合胎模立体透视图。 实心胎模由多块 散状构件（块体） 23拼装 (用钢丝串联）成组合胎模， 组合胎模上有拼装成形的孔洞 6和散 状构件 23中间予留的孔洞， 散状构件 23为采用轻质木墩或轻^:陶粒制成的发泡板材。 散状 构件 23与散状构件 23之间用连接件 24 (钢丝）连起来。
如图 46所示为曲面圆柱体拼装的组合胎模立体透视图。组合实心胎模由 12块散状构件 23 (曲面圆柱体）拼装成组合实心胎模， 组合实心胎模上有拼装成形的孔洞 6。
才艮据混凝土浇注的特点， 把散状构件 23设计为上平下圆 （上半部曲率小， 下半部曲率 大）的曲面圆柱体， 外表面抹光以减少混凝土滑动的阻力， 散状构件 23采用硬质聚氨酯泡沫 防水保温隔热复合材料（详细做法见专利申请： 98201157.1 )制成的发泡块体， 散状构件 23 下面设有支撑架 8。 散状构件 23与散状构件 23之间自然拼装。 或用网 （钢丝网或塑料网） 散状构件 23罩住， 或用其他方式拼装， 如用钢丝连起来等。 曲面柱体可以实心， 也可以是空 心的。
如图 47所示为梅花状编制拼装组合胎模立体透视图。 实心胎模由散状构件（块体） 23 编制成组合实心胎模，组合实心胎模上有拼装成形的孔洞 6,散状构件 23为采用废弃物品（罐 头盒、 饮料瓶等）。 散状构件（瓶体 ) 23之间的拼装可以是自然拼装（紧贴）， 或用其他方式拼装， 如用塑 料绳将散状构件绑扎、 串连成整体等。 拼装方式可以是多种多样的。
如图 48所示为瓶状体水平拼装组合胎模立体透视图。 实心胎模由散状构件 （块体） 23 用绳子编制成组合实心胎模， 组合实心胎模有编制成形的孔洞 6, 散状构件 23为采用废弃物 品饮料瓶等， 拼装方式： 水平向交叉并排拼装。
图 49为条状体（方管）与块体拼装成組合胎模立体透视图。如图 49所示 4根条状体（方 管） 23与块状体 23拼装成组合胎模， 在（方管） 23之间用块体（或短管） 23隔开， 组合实 心胎模两端可以用连接件 24 (管套）连接起来， 端头可以用堵头将管封堵， 组合胎模上有拼 装成形的孔洞 6。
其实施过程说明如下： 胎模和钢筋绑扎安装完毕后， 开始浇注混凝土， 先利用組合实心 胎模上拼装成形的孔洞 6施工下板面的混凝土， 等下板的混凝土施工完毕后， 然后施工上板 面的混凝土。 孔洞 6中的混凝土成为连接上下面板的混凝土柱。
如图 50所示为块形板状体拼装的组合胎模立体透视图。 胎模 5由散状构件（板状体） 23拼装（挤紧）成组合胎模 5。 散状构件 23 (板状体）之间的连接件 24采用钢筋连接。 组 合胎模 5上有拼装成形的孔洞 6, 散状构件 23为采用普通轻质陶粒砖或废弃木板或木材泡沫 水泥吸声板（详细做法见专利申请： 00120631.1 )等。
如图 51所示为球体串联組合胎模立体透视图。 胎模 5由散状构件（球体） 23用连接件 24 (钢筋） 串联制成组合胎模 5 , 组合胎模 5有编制成形的孔洞 6, 散状构件 23为采用废弃 物品 （工业、 建筑及生活垃圾等）制成。 编制体的编制方式可以多种多样。

Claims

权利要求
1.一种填充胎模， 其特征在于： 胎模上有一个或一个以上上下面贯通的孔洞。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的填充胎模， 其特征在于： 胎模为板状结构或箱形结构或纟且合结 构中任选一种。
3. 根据权利要求 2所述的填充胎模， 其特征在于： 所述孔洞处设有孔套、 孔盖、 塞或 预制盖板。
4. 根据权利要求 2所述的填充胎模， 其特征在于： 所述胎模的孔洞内设有孔内壁， 胎模 的侧面或孔内壁设有面层。
5. 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的填充胎模， 其特征在于： 填充胎模为密实板材、松 板材、 发泡板材、 孔隙板材、 编制板材、 含有空心体、 空心条的实心板材或含有空心体、 空，心条的 空心板材中任选一种。
6. 根据权利要求 2所述的填充胎模， 其特征在于： 所述箱形结构胎模包括上板及> ^与之 连接的侧板或加强肋、 支撑块、 支撑板或连接管。
7.根据权利要求 6所述的填充胎模，其特征在于：所述箱形结构胎模还进一步包 下板， 该下板与侧板或加强肋、 支撑块、 支撑板或连接管连接， 在下板上开有至少一个孔洞。 '
8. 根据权利要求 2所述的填充胎模， 其特征在于： 所述组合结构胎模由散状构件 4丼装、 串联、 编制而成。
9. 一种夹心、 空心结构， 其特征在于： 上、 下水泥混合物面板中间有填充胎模， 鎮充胎 模上有孔洞， 孔洞中有连接柱或连接板将上、 下水泥混合物面板连成整体结构。
替换页（细 第 26条）
PCT/CN2005/001883 2004-11-09 2005-11-09 Moule de remplissage et sa structure sandwich et creuse Ceased WO2006050665A1 (fr)

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EP2563984B1 (de) * 2010-04-28 2023-12-20 Knauf Gips KG Bauplatte bzw. bauplattenset, befestigungssystem für eine bauplatte sowie verfahren zur befestigung einer bauplatte
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CN107587637A (zh) * 2017-08-22 2018-01-16 广州协安建设工程有限公司 加气混凝土砌块箱式内模空心楼盖及其施工方法
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CN108331242A (zh) * 2018-04-07 2018-07-27 南京林业大学 一种原竹-聚苯乙烯泡沫颗粒复合墙板及其制造方法
CN108331242B (zh) * 2018-04-07 2023-08-18 南京林业大学 一种原竹-聚苯乙烯泡沫颗粒复合墙板及其制造方法
WO2022259092A1 (es) * 2021-06-08 2022-12-15 Victor Elitcherd Gracia Serrano Sistema de paneles prefabricados, modulares, ligeros con propiedades de aislamiento térmico y acústico para muros alveolares estructurales o divisorios y losas aligeradas
CN114890735A (zh) * 2022-04-28 2022-08-12 南京师范大学 一种淤泥基免烧陶粒泡沫混凝土轻质隔墙条板及其制备方法和应用

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