WO2006099388A2 - Systeme de redirection anti-trafic - Google Patents

Systeme de redirection anti-trafic Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006099388A2
WO2006099388A2 PCT/US2006/009063 US2006009063W WO2006099388A2 WO 2006099388 A2 WO2006099388 A2 WO 2006099388A2 US 2006009063 W US2006009063 W US 2006009063W WO 2006099388 A2 WO2006099388 A2 WO 2006099388A2
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
messages
hpmn
message
vpmn
response
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PCT/US2006/009063
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WO2006099388A3 (fr
Inventor
Yeu Jun Jiang
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Roamware Inc
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Roamware Inc
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Priority to CN200680016322.9A priority Critical patent/CN101185352B/zh
Publication of WO2006099388A2 publication Critical patent/WO2006099388A2/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Publication of WO2006099388A3 publication Critical patent/WO2006099388A3/fr
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W8/00—Network data management
    • H04W8/02—Processing of mobility data, e.g. registration information at HLR [Home Location Register] or VLR [Visitor Location Register]; Transfer of mobility data, e.g. between HLR, VLR or external networks
    • H04W8/08—Mobility data transfer
    • H04W8/12—Mobility data transfer between location registers or mobility servers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W60/00—Affiliation to network, e.g. registration; Terminating affiliation with the network, e.g. de-registration
    • H04W60/001—Registration rejection or failure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W60/00—Affiliation to network, e.g. registration; Terminating affiliation with the network, e.g. de-registration
    • H04W60/04—Affiliation to network, e.g. registration; Terminating affiliation with the network, e.g. de-registration using triggered events
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W76/00—Connection management
    • H04W76/20—Manipulation of established connections

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to international roamers. More specifically, the invention relates to traffic control for the international roamers.
  • Network operators can maximize their margins and the roamers can get more attractive roaming rates and services if roamers roam on their home mobile operator's preferred (or partner) networks.
  • the subscribers When the subscribers roam into visited networks from a HPMN, they may roam onto one, two or more VPMNs, one at a time, based on various criteria. These VPMNs may also include the "non-preferred" VPMN networks. Hence, protecting the existing roaming revenues and growing them further has become an important priority for the network operators worldwide.
  • current methods of controlling which network a subscriber registers to when he/she is roaming have certain disadvantages.
  • the HPMN operators use traffic redirections techniques in their networks in order to discourage their subscribers' handsets to roam with the "non-preferred" VPMN networks.
  • the HPMN operator can use traffic redirection techniques to control the distribution of outbound roamers among VPMN networks in a country so that the "preferred" VPMN network will get a very high percentage of the HPMN's roaming traffic and the "non-preferred" VPMN networks will get a low percentage of that roaming traffic.
  • Those traffic redirections techniques used by an HPMN operator can deprive the non-preferred VPMN operators of inbound roaming revenues.
  • these VPMN operators may have a partnership with the HPMN and may even be the "preferred" networks.
  • the traffic redirection that is based on rejection error, timeout or abort techniques generates network errors to the mobile handset's radio interface.
  • the generation of these errors compels the mobile handset to initiate again a number of registration attempts. This can overload the network interface between the HPMN and the VPMN.
  • VPMN networks In cases when there are more than two VPMN operators in a country, some competing and "non-preferred" VPMN networks also deploy a form of traffic redirection at their end to retain the inbound roamers by stopping them leaking out of their network. This leads to decrease in revenues for the other VPMN operators. It would be disadvantageous for these VPMN network operators to relinquish the control of the subscriber even when a handset has initiated a registration attempt with a non-preferred network for any reason, such as failure of the SIM network list to produce registration on a preferred network.
  • FIG. 1 represents a system for controlling traffic between a Home Public
  • HPMN Home Mobile Network
  • VPMN Visited Public Mobile Network
  • FIG. 2 represents a flowchart for a method for controlling traffic between the
  • HPMN HPMN and the VPMN of a roaming mobile station, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 represent a flowchart for a method for controlling traffic between the HPMN and the VPMN of a roaming mobile station, in accordance with another embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 5 represents a flow diagram for routing of signaling messages between the VPMN and the HPMN, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
  • a method for controlling traffic between a Home Public Mobile Network (HPMN) and a Visiting Public Mobile Network (VPMN) of a roaming mobile station includes detecting a traffic redirection (TR) attempt for the roaming mobile station, by observing the exchange of at least one registration message between the VPMN and the HPMN.
  • the method further includes thwarting the detected TR attempt by sending one or more registration response messages in response to that registration message. The one or more registration response message thwarts the TR attempt.
  • a system for controlling traffic between a Home Public Mobile Network (HPMN) and a Visiting Public Mobile Network (VPMN) of a roaming mobile station includes a TR probe for detecting a traffic redirection (TR) attempt for the roaming mobile station, by observing exchange of at least one registration message between the VPMN and the HPMN.
  • the system further includes an anti-TR unit for thwarting the TR attempt by sending one or more registration response messages in response to the at least one registration message received from a switch.
  • ATRS Anti-Traffic Redirection System
  • FIG. 1 represents a system 100 for controlling traffic between a Home Public Mobile Network (HPMN) 102 and a Visiting Public Mobile Network (VPMN) 104 of a roaming mobile station 106, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
  • the roaming mobile station 106 (or a roamer) is connected to a VPMN operator at a VPMN VLR 108, while it is roaming from the HPMN 102.
  • the VPMN VLR 108 is integrated with a VMSC in the VPMN 104. Notwithstanding, both the VPMN VLR and the VMSC may have different logical addresses. Subscriber profile data corresponding to the roaming mobile station 106 is stored in HPMN HLR 110.
  • the signaling corresponding to roaming mobile station 106 is routed using an international STP 1 112 at VPMN 104 and international STP 2 114 at HPMN 102.
  • the signaling between HPMN 102 and VPMN 104 is carried using SS7 signaling architecture 116.
  • the signals exchanged between HPMN 102 and VPMN 104 are MAP based signals.
  • the VPMN VLR 108 interacts with the international STP 1 112 via a switch 118.
  • the switch 118 is a roaming STP in VPMN 104.
  • the traffic corresponding to roaming mobile station 106 is redirected by an operator in HMPN 102 in order to steer roaming mobile station 106 to a "preferred" (or even a “non-preferred") network operator in VPMN 104.
  • traffic redirection is preformed by an operator in HPMN 102 to redirect the traffic of roaming mobile station 106 to some other network operator in VPMN 104 even though the operator in HPMN 102 may have roaming relationship with barred operator in VPMN 104.
  • the steering of roaming mobile station 106 deprives the barred operators in VPMN 104 of the revenues from the inbound roamer.
  • the system 100 includes an anti-TR module 120 that monitors the traffic between HPMN 102 and VPMN 104 to detect the TR attempt and thereafter provide necessary messages to thwart the detected TR attempt.
  • anti-TR module 120 is deployed by these barred (or deprived) operators in VPMN 104 to counter the TR attempt being attempted by the operator in HPMN 102.
  • the anti-TR module 120 includes a TR probe 122 and an anti-TR unit 124.
  • anti-TR module 120 monitors the signals exchanged between switch 118 and international STP 1 112 in VPMN 104. This is referred to as passive monitoring.
  • anti-TR module 120 actively intercepts the signaling from switch (or roaming STP) 118.
  • switch 118 is configured to assist in exchange of the at least one registration message and the one or more registration response messages between HPMN 102, and anti-TR unit 124 and TR probe 122.
  • the monitoring or probing of the TR attempt by the TR probe 122 within the anti-TR module 120 is performed in two modes, either by passive monitoring or active monitoring the signaling between HPMN 102 and VPMN 104. Both the modes are explained in conjunction with FIG. 2, and FIGS. 3 and 4 respectively.
  • TR probe 122 detects a TR attempt by checking receipt of at least one of one or more error messages and one or more success messages from the HPMN in response to the one or more registration response messages from VPMN 104.
  • TR probe 122 may receive only error messages (e.g. LU ACK error messages) from the HPMN GT (Gateway) for all the LU (Location Update) messages sent by VPMN 104. In this case, TR probe 122 can deduce that HPMN 104 is doing TR toward VPMN 104.
  • TR probe 122 receives a LU ACK error message (e.g.
  • TR probe 122 can infer that HPMN 102 is doing TR against VPMN 104.
  • TR probe 122 receives the error messages and success messages (e.g. LU ACK message) intermittently on the same HPMN inbound roamer within a configurable interval of time (T). In one embodiment of the invention, T is 24 hour period.
  • TR probe 122 infers the TR attempt by HPMN 102.
  • TR probe 122 detects the TR attempt in case the ratio of the error messages to the success messages is greater than a configurable threshold (TS).
  • TS configurable threshold
  • An exemplary value of TS is 10 percent.
  • FIG. 2 represents a flowchart for a method for controlling traffic between HPMN 102 and VPMN 104 of the roaming mobile station 106, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
  • anti-TR module 120 detects the TR attempt by monitoring passively (monitoring mode) the signaling between HPMN 102 and VPMN 104.
  • the TR attempt for the roaming mobile station 106 is detected by anti-TR module 120, by monitoring passively the exchange of at least one registration message between HPMN 102 and VPMN 104.
  • TR probe 122 detects the TR attempt, by observing the exchange of the at least one registration message between HPMN 102 and VPMN 104.
  • the at least one registration message is a LU reject message sent by HPMN 102 to initiate the TR attempt.
  • the LU reject message may contain either a TR reject error or an abort message.
  • the LU reject message is a MAP based signaling message, which is detected by anti-TR module 120.
  • the LU reject message is sent by HPMN 102 to initiate the TR attempt for roaming mobile station 106.
  • anti-TR module 120 sends one or more LU messages on the same roamer in response to the LU reject message on a roamer (i.e., the roaming mobile station 106) to thwart the TR attempt.
  • the one or more LU messages are sent as one or more registration response messages on behalf of roaming mobile station 106.
  • anti-TR unit 124 thwarts the TR attempt by sending one or more registration response messages in response to the at least one registration message received from the switch 118.
  • the one or more LU messages are sent to HPMN 102 greater than an expected number of times. In one embodiment of the invention, the expected number of times is four.
  • a roaming mobile station sends four LU messages corresponding to a VPMN before it tries for an alternative VPMN.
  • anti- TR unit 124 sends three LU message on behalf of roaming mobile station 106 to HPMN 102.
  • These LU messages are fake LU messages and are sent after roaming mobile station 106 sends first LU message.
  • roaming mobile station 106 sends a second LU message making the total of LU messages sent at HPMN 102 equal to five.
  • HPMN 102 is forced to assume that roaming mobile station 106 is in either a manual mode or there is no other operator in the country of VPMN 104 to which roaming mobile station 106 can connect.
  • anti-TR module 120 sends one fake LU message on behalf of roaming mobile station 106 so to let roaming mobile station 106 send the rest of LU messages on its own.
  • anti-TR unit 124 sends the subsequent fake LU messages at a configurable interval of time after first TR attempt is detected by TR probe 122.
  • the fake LU message can be sent between any two TR rejects corresponding to LU messages from roaming mobile station 106. This is done in order to counter an anti-TR detection (or defense) system at HPMN 102. Further, this approach also forces HPMN 102 to perceive roaming mobile station 106 as a special handset and hence granting connectivity.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 represent a flowchart for a method for controlling traffic between HPMN 102 and VPMN 104 of the roaming mobile station 106, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
  • anti-TR module 120 detects the TR attempt by actively monitoring the signaling between HPMN 102 and VPMN 104.
  • the TR attempt for the roaming mobile station 106 is detected by anti-TR module 120, by monitoring actively the exchange of at least one registration message between HPMN 102 and VPMN 104. Active monitoring is hereinafter referred interchangeably as in-signaling mode.
  • anti-TR module 120 is deployed on roaming SS7 path by configuring VPMN's 104 switch 118 (or roaming STP) to route international roaming SCCP traffic through anti-TR module 120.
  • switch 118 is configured to assist in exchange of the at least one registration message and the one or more registration response messages between HPMN 102 and anti-TR unit 124.
  • anti-TR module 120 sends the one or more registration response messages on behalf of roaming mobile station 106 to thwart the TR attempt.
  • anti-TR unit 124 thwarts the TR attempt by sending one or more registration response messages in response to the at least one registration message received from the switch 118.
  • primary routing of the incoming international SCCP traffic destined to VPMN's 104 E 164 VPMN VLR 108 is configured to go through anti-TR module 120.
  • secondary routing is kept to VPMN VLR 108. This is done in order to provide a redundant path for routing of traffic in case of failure of anti-TR module 120.
  • the E214 is a numbering plan (NP) used for delivering mobility management related messages in GSM networks.
  • the E.214 number is derived from the IMSI of a roaming mobile station.
  • E.214 numbers are composed of two parts. The first, the E.164 part, is made up of a country code followed by the network code. The second part of the number is made from the MSIN part of the IMSI which identifies an individual subscriber.
  • E.214 numbers are routed separately from E.164 numbers since they are marked with a different Numbering Plan Indicator (NPI), however, it is possible to reuse Global Title (GT) analysis tables used in E.164 numbers everywhere except for the final destination network of the message.
  • NPI Numbering Plan Indicator
  • SSN can be used to separate the routing. It will be apparent to a person skilled in the art that alternative routing options are possible depending on type of network in VPMN 104. For example, to avoid looping the traffic redirection can be performed either using translation tables (TT) or using MTP routing involving international STP as DPC, depending on the network setup in VPMN 104. Referring back to FIG.1, and considering the former technique of using the TT, the switch 118 and the anti-TR module 120 are configured for both incoming and outgoing international SCCP signaling messages.
  • Called party CdPA
  • the DPC is set as anti-TR module 120.
  • the CdPA is VPMN VLR 108 with TT as 0
  • the DPC is set to be anti-TR module 120. This means any incoming E164 message at the switch 118 is directed to the anti-TR module 120 first.
  • the DPC is set as international STP 1 112.
  • the DPC is also set to VPMN VLR 108. This implies that any outgoing message from the switch 118 and received from anti-TR module 120 (since TT is 32) is directed to the address in the CdPA. Further, any outgoing message from anti-TR module 120 using TT as 32, has its DPC set as the switch 118.
  • the routing indicator (Rl) in all these cases is the GT of the VPMN VLR and/or VMSC.
  • switch 118 is configured to send an incoming message with NP as E.214 and CdPA as not own to DPC at anti-TR module 120. Also in case the CdPA is VPMN VLR 108 the DPC is changed to anti-TR module 120. Hence, any incoming message at the switch 118 is sent to anti-TR module 120. Routing configuration for an incoming message at anti- TR module 120 sets the DPC to VPMN VLR 108 with Rl as SSN / unchanged. Similarly, for an outgoing message from anti-TR module 120, the DPC is set to international STP 1 112 with Rl as GT. Based on different incoming and outgoing messages from switch 118, the anti-TT module 120 sends different messages as one or more registration response messages to thwart the TR attempt.
  • the TR attempt, by the HPMN 102 is detected by checking receipt of one or more error messages and/or one or more success messages from the HPMN in response to one or more registration response messages.
  • the error messages are LU reject message sent by the HPMN 102 in response to the LU messages sent by anti-TR module 120.
  • one or more success messages are LU ACK messages sent by HPMN 102 in response to the LU messages sent by anti-TR module 120.
  • the anti-TR module 120 can also detect the TR attempt in case the LU ACK error messages (e.g.
  • the anti-TR module 120 can also detect the TR attempt in case it is observed that a HPMN GT only returns LUP ACK error but never success to any roamer.
  • the anti-TR module 120 can also detect the TR attempt in case the error messages and the success messages on a same roamer are received intermittently within a configurable interval of time (T). In one embodiment of the invention, T is 24 hour period. Further, anti-TR module 120 can also detect the TR attempt in case the ratio of error messages to the success messages from HPMN 102 exceeds a configurable threshold (TS). An exemplary value of TS is 10 percent. It will be apparent to person skilled in the art that the embodiments for detecting the HPMN TR are applicable in both monitoring mode and in-signaling mode. [0029]The method steps from 306 to 314 represent various embodiments for thwarting the TR attempt by anti-TR module 120 based on different messages received from switch 118. It may be appreciated by a person skilled in the art, that one or more of the above method steps (306 to 314) may be executed either independent of each other or in any combination whatsoever to thwart the TR attempt.
  • anti-TR module 120 thwarts the detected TR attempt by sending one or LU messages on behalf of roaming mobile station 106 to switch 118, which relays those messages to HPMN 102.
  • the one or more LU messages are sent in response to at least one LU reject message (received as the at least one registration message) received from HPMN 102 and relayed though switch 118 (i.e., the roaming STP in VPMN 104).
  • the one or more LU messages force HPMN HLR 110 to perceive that roaming mobile station 106 is either a special handset or a handset in manual mode. This is achieved by either sending the LU messages at a configurable interval of time or by sending the LU messages more than an expected number of times (e.g. four times).
  • anti-TR module 120 thwarts the detected TR attempt by sending a MAP ISD ACK message in response to a MAP ISD message.
  • any outgoing SCCP message carries a MAP LUP message
  • its SCCP and TCAP parameters are recorded by anti- TR module 120.
  • the incoming SSCP message carries a MAP ISD message with a recorded transaction, it is first accumulatively recorded with the earlier recorded MAP LUP message and then examined with logic procedure stored in anti-TR module 120.
  • anti-TR module 120 rejects by sending MAP ISD ACK message with any error such as unexpected data value or service is not supported or TCAP-aborted or any combination thereof.
  • An exemplary value of the configurable number of time K is two.
  • the MAP ISD message contains a Roaming Not Allowed (RNA) in ODB for less than a configurable number (L) of times for the same transaction, it is rejected by anti-TR module 120 in its MAP ISD ACK message.
  • An exemplary value of the configurable number of time L is two. Again, the HPMN is forced to believe that roaming mobile station 106 is in manual mode.
  • anti-TR module 120 thwarts the TR attempt by sending one or more LU messages in response to a MAP LUP ACK message, a MAP Abort message or a TCAP Abort message received from switch 118.
  • a MAP LUP ACK message contains an error such as system failure, unexpected data value or missing data for the same IMSI of same originating transaction ID from the same VLR/VMSC for less than a configurable number N (e.g.
  • the anti-TR module 120 drops the MAP LUP ACK message, i.e., it doesn't send the message to VPMN VLR 108 (or relay the message to VPMN VLR 108). Thereafter, either after a configurable interval T1 , anti-TR module 120 initiates another LU message on behalf of roaming mobile station's 106 IMSI using same parameters (including same VLR., VMSC address, SCCP CgPA and CdPA although different TCAP transaction Ids may be used) as the recorded LU message. In an exemplary embodiment, the value of T1 is kept random (e.g.
  • anti-TR module 120 drop next (one or more) LU messages from roaming mobile station's 106 IMSI from the same location (VLR/VMSR), i.e., doesn't sends it to HPMN 102, so to make the HPMN believe that the handset is a special handset because inter- location update interval of same network is taking too long.
  • the current TR reject is fourth time including two times for LU messages initiated by anti- TR module 120, then it drops the next location update from the roaming mobile station's IMSI from the same location (VLR/VMSR), so to makes HPMN 102 believe that the handset is a special handset because inter-network location update interval is too long.
  • the anti-TR module 120 drops the abort message (i.e. it doesn't send the message to VPMN VLR 108) or relay the message to VPMN VLR 108. Thereafter, after the configurable interval T1 e.g.
  • anti-TR module 120 initiates another LU message on behalf of roaming mobile station's 106 IMSI using same parameters (including same VLR., VMSC address, SCCP CgPA and CdPA although different TCAP transaction IDs might be used) as the recorded LU message.
  • same parameters including same VLR., VMSC address, SCCP CgPA and CdPA although different TCAP transaction IDs might be used
  • anti-TR module 120 thwarts the TR attempt by sending one or more LU request messages in response to either a MAP abort or a TCAP abort detected corresponding to at least one VPMN.
  • a competing operator in VPMN 104 attempts for TR to steer the traffic of inbound roamer to its own network.
  • the anti-TR module 120 checks whether any outgoing SCCP message carries MAP LUP message, upon detection of which the SCCP, TCAP parameters and the transaction are recorded. Further, in case the incoming message carries the MAP abort or the TCAP abort or system failure with response to the recorded transaction, it is examined with following set of logic procedures.
  • One embodiment is to have the abort message dropped by anti-TR module 120 if the abort or system failure message for roaming mobile station's 106 IMSI of the same originating transaction ID from the same VLR for less than a configurable Z number of times.
  • the configurable number Z is ((N-1)*4 + 1), where N is configured from a minimum two to the total number of network operators in that country.
  • the anti-TR module 120 initiates another LU message after a configurable interval T1 of time on behalf of roaming mobile station's IMSI using same parameters (including same VLR., VMSC address, SCCP CgPA and CdPA although different TCAP transaction Ids might be used) as the first recorded LU message. This foils any TR attempt by any other VPMN operator on its inbound roamer, i.e., roaming mobile station 106.
  • Z ((N-1)*4 + 1), where N is configured from a minimum two to the total number of network operators in that country on behalf of roaming mobile station's IMSI using same parameters (including same VLR., VMSC address, SCCP CgPA and CdPA although different TCAP transaction Ids might be used) as the first recorded LU message.
  • anti-TR module 120 sends one or more registration response messages within the VPMN on behalf on the HPMN and in response to receipt of the at least one registration message sent by the HPMN. In doing so, anti-TR module 120 assists HPMN in the TR attempt by reducing signaling overhead between HPMN 102 and VPMN 104. Anti-TR module 120 sends messages on behalf of HPMN 102 to reduce the actual signaling between HPMN 102 and VPMN 104 based on a set of logic procedures.
  • the outgoing SCCP message carries a MAP LUP message
  • the TCAP and SCCP parameter and transaction are recorded. If the outgoing message is the first LUP message for an IMSI (or roaming mobile station 106) in VPMN 104 or if this is the first LUP message for an IMSI after the IMSI is registered with the VPMN previously, then anti-TR module 120 performs "no-action" on behalf of HPMN 102. Otherwise, if corresponding configured limit for the action is not exceeded, anti-TR module 120 will not relay the message to the HPMN (on behalf of HPMN 102) to reduce signaling overhead between VPMN 104 and HPMN 102.
  • the incoming SCCP message carries a MAP ISD message of a recorded transaction, it is first accumulatively recorded (including SCCP and TCAP parameters) with the early recorded LUP transaction and it is then examined with the a new set of logic procedures.
  • Anti-TR module 120 checks if the ISD contains RR (Roaming Restricted), then on behalf of HPMN 102, anti-TR module 120 itself issues "RR" to the VPMN 104. In this exemplary case, the configurable limit for this action can be 1. Similarly, if the ISD contains RNA (Roaming Not Allowed) in ODB, then on behalf of HPMN 102, anti-TR module 120 itself issues RR to the VPMN 104. In this exemplary case, the configurable limit for this action can be 1.
  • anti-TR module 120 examines it using following logic. If the LUP ACK message contains any error code as system failure, unexpected data value or missing data for the same IMSI (i.e., roaming mobile station 106) of the same originating transaction ID from the same VLR/VMSC, then on behalf of HPMN 102, anti-TR module 120 itself issues "error-code" to the VPMN 104. In this exemplary case, the configurable limit for this action can be 3. Similarly, if the LUP ACK message contains the error code RNA, then on behalf of HPMN 102, anti-TR module 120 itself issues "RNA".
  • the configurable limit for this action can be 1. Moreover, if the incoming SCCP message carries a MAP Abort or TCAP Abort message, then on behalf of HPMN 102, anti-TR module 120 itself issues "Abort". In this exemplary case, the configurable limit for this action can be 3.
  • the TR attempt of HPMN 102 is thwarted by sending by one or more profile update messages for roaming mobile station 106 to VPMN 104 in response to corresponding one or more LU messages from one or more VLR after the roaming mobile station is registered with VPMN 104.
  • a GLR is deployed in VPMN 104 to thwart the HPMN TR attempt.
  • the GLR is a node between VPMN VLR 108 and the HPMN HLR 110, which may be used to optimize the location updating and the handling of subscriber profile data across network boundaries.
  • the GLR plays the role of the HLR towards the VLR in VPMN 104 and the role of the VLR towards the HLR in HPMN 102.
  • the GLR act as VPMN VLR 108 to HPMN HLR 110 and acts as HPMN HLR 110 to VPMN VLR 108.
  • it relays the first LU message from an inbound roamer (roaming mobile station 106) to HPMN HLR 110 and stores subscriber data profiles.
  • the GLR sends the profile data itself without relaying location update to HPMN HLR 110 and hence avoiding TR attempt by HPMN 102.
  • the GLR randomly chooses to do location update on a roamer for subsequent location update even though a subscriber profile is already stored locally.
  • the GLR is integrated with anti-TR module 120.
  • anti-TR module thwarts the TR attempt by sending either a TCAP abort or a TCAP reject message in response to an OTA TR message.
  • HPMN 102 tries a TR attempt sending an OTA message, which may be an SMS.
  • Anti-TR module 120 checks whether the OTA TR message can influence network reselection. If the OTA TR message is for TR attempt, anti-TR module 120 sends the TCAP reject message with any error, such as, service/facility not supported, or unexpected data value, or system failure, or resource limitation and the like.
  • anti-TR module 120 sends the TCAP abort with unknown cause or with causes such as, "badly Formatted Transaction Portion”, “incorrect Transaction Portion”, or “resource Limitation” or any combination thereof.
  • anti-TR module 120 can just acknowledge success of the OTA TR message to HPMN 102 when in fact it drops the message, i.e. it doesn't relay the HPMN OTA TR message to the VMSC VLR 108 in VPMN 104.
  • the message needs first be recognized as a MAP MT/Fwd SMS.
  • the SM- RP-UI Short Message - Relay Protocol - User Indicator
  • the SM-RP-UI parameter represents the user data field carried by the SMS message relay sub-layer protocol.
  • SIM Data download is a facility whereby a ME must pass the short message in its entirety including all SMS elements contained in the SMS deliver to the SIM using the mechanism described in GSM 11.11.
  • the DCS Data Coding Scheme
  • the DCS shall be set to 8 bit message class 2 (either bit coding 1111 0110 or 00010110). The entire user data field is available for SIM Data download.
  • anti-TR module 120 excludes the OTA TR messages intended for the handset, e.g. WAP and MMS configurations are allowed.
  • the SMS message content if unencrypted is digested to see if it contains any OTA user data. If it does, as a next step it is checked if the user data contains modification of network selection related files. These files may include preferred PLMN list, last registered network and the like. These parameters can be dynamically controlled via configurations. The modifications in the data can be passed to a STK application. Since most OTA messages are encrypted based on GSM 348, it can be checked if the SMS-RP-UI UDH part of the SMS message contains some of the parameters in the command header as defined in GSM 348 (an extract is shown in the Table 2).
  • SMS-RP-UI UDHI part of the SMS message contains a command packet identifier or command identifier, it can be treated as an OTA message for a SIM resident application.
  • the Toolkit Application Reference in the GSM 348 encoded command header of the SMS UDH field is recognized as a TR application based on some intelligent logics, then the SMS message can be more accurately identified as a TR related OTA message.
  • Some exemplary intelligent logics can be learning from the operator that has deployed OTA-based TR or internal tests to see if the messages have moved networks for a roaming handset.
  • a Command Packet is longer than 140 octets (including the Command Header), it shall be concatenated according to GSM 03.40. In this case, the entire Command Packet including the Command Header shall be assembled, and then separated into its component concatenated parts.
  • the first Short Message shall contain the concatenation User Data Header and the Command Packet Identifier in the UDH in no particular order. Subsequent Short Messages shall contain only the concatenation User Data Header.
  • the concatenation Header contains a Reference number that will allow the Receiving Entity to link individual Short Messages together to re-assemble the original Command Packet before unpacking the Command Packet.
  • anti-TR module 120 waits for subsequent OTA TR message of the same reference number to reconstruct the whole message before deciding any action to be taken.
  • a rule can be applied to treat any SMS message as OTA TR message if they have protocol ID as SIM data download and have UDHI.
  • this rule is less than ideal in case when the home operator has some STK application not intended for TR, e.g. call management application, in the SIM that depends on some SIM data download from the home operator when the ME is roaming.
  • the routing of the OTA based messages can also be performed using two techniques, i.e., the TT based and the MTP routing (or without using TT).
  • the switch 118 and anti-TR module 120 are configured for both incoming and outgoing OTA signaling messages.
  • CdPA Called party
  • VPMN VMSC Called party
  • CgPA as OTA-offending HPMN CC NDC and the NP is E.164
  • the DPC is set as anti-TR module 120.
  • the CdPA is VPMN with TT as 32
  • the DPC is set to be VPMN VLR 108.
  • any outgoing message from anti-TR module 120 using TT as 32 has its DPC set as the switch 118 with Rl as GT.
  • FIG. 5 represents a flow diagram for routing of signaling messages between the VPMN 104 and the HPMN 102, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
  • This embodiment represents routing of signaling messages between the VPMN VLR 108 (in VPMN 104) and the HPMN HLR 110 (in HPMN 102) via the anti- TR module 120.
  • the outgoing E.214 destined messages are redirected through the anti-TR module 120. However, only incoming anti-TR module destined messages will go through anti-TR module 120.
  • the SCCP CgPA is modified to the GT of anti-TR module 120 without changing the VLR parameter.
  • the CgPA is changed to the GT of anti-TR module 120 corresponding to HPMN HLR 110.
  • This routing has the advantage that for all the E.214 messages going through anti-TR module 120 to the HPMN HLR 110, only those related to LU transactions will have return messages routed through anti-TR module 120.
  • Other E.214 messages like activate SS (Supplementary Services), Interrogate SS and the like are bypassed by anti-TR module 120 (i.e., the calling address is left unchanged) and hence the return message will not go through the anti-TR module 120.
  • a computer usable medium provided herein includes computer usable program code, which when executed controls traffic between the HPMN and the VPMN of a roaming mobile station by detecting a traffic redirection (TR) attempt for the roaming mobile station. The TR attempt is detected by observing exchange of at least one registration message between the VPMN and the HPMN.
  • the computer usable medium further includes computer usable program code for thwarting the TR attempt.
  • the Anti-Traffic Redirection System can be used by a VPMN operator against those HPMN operators that turned down the request to disclose that they deploy traffic redirection against the VPMN operator. It can also be cache to roaming profiles of successfully registered inbound roamers so to avoid subsequent traffic redirections by the HPMN operators that have deployed traffic redirection against the VPMN operator. The ATRS can also be used to stop the leaking of inbound roaming traffic to a competing operator doing inbound traffic redirection. Notwithstanding, a counter technique is not applied at a VPMN operator, it is useful to detect if a HPMN operator is doing traffic redirection against the VPMN operator or not. The detection will help the VPMN operator prepare business impact and rescue actions.
  • the components of ATRS described above include any combination of computing components and devices operating together.
  • the components of the ATRS can also be components or subsystems within a larger computer system or network.
  • the ATRS components can also be coupled with any number of other components (not shown), for example other buses, controllers, memory devices, and data input/output devices, in any number of combinations.
  • any number or combination of other processor based components may be carrying out the functions of the ATRS.
  • Computer-readable media in which such formatted data and/or instructions may be embodied include, but are not limited to, non-volatile storage media in various forms (e.g., optical, magnetic or semiconductor storage media) and carrier waves that may be used to transfer such formatted data and/or instructions through wireless, optical, or wired signaling media or any combination thereof.
  • the present invention may also be effectively implemented on CDMA, 3G, WCDMA, GPRS, WiFi, WiMAX, VOIP etc., or any other network of common carrier telecommunications in which end users are normally configured to operate within a "home" network to which they normally subscribe, but have the capability of also operating on other neighboring networks, which may even be across international borders.
  • ARS Anti-Traffic Redirection System
  • Anti-Traffic Redirection System a method for controlling traffic between HPMN and VPMN of the roaming mobile station in a manner that is agnostic to the capabilities of the visited or non-accustomed network can be of use and provided through any type of telecommunications medium, including without limitation: (i) any mobile telephony network including without limitation GSM, 3GSM, 3G, CDMA, WCDMA or GPRS, satellite phones or other mobile telephone networks or systems; (ii) any so-called WiFi apparatus normally used in a home or subscribed network, but also configured for use on a visited or non-home or non-accustomed network, including apparatus not dedicated to telecommunications such as personal computers, Palm-type or Windows Mobile devices,; (iii) an entertainment console platform such as Sony Playstation, PSP or other apparatus that are capable of sending and receiving telecommunications over home or non-home networks, or even (iv) fixed-line devices made for receiving communications, but capable of deployment in numerous locations while preserving a persistent subscriber id such as the
  • this specification follows the path of a telecommunications call from a calling party to a called party.
  • that call can be for a normal voice call, in which the subscriber telecommunications equipment is also capable of visual, audiovisual or motion-picture display.
  • those devices or calls can be for text, video, pictures or other communicated data.
  • GSM 1111 SIM and Mobile Interface
  • GSM 902 on MAP specification Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+) Mobile Application Part (MAP) Specification (3GPP TS 09.02 version 7.9.0 Release 1998)
  • GSM 23119 Gateway Location Register
  • GSM 408 Mobile Radio Interface Network Layer

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Databases & Information Systems (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système permettant de commander le trafic entre un réseau mobile public de rattachement (HPMN) et un réseau mobile public en visite (VPMN) d'une station mobile d'itinérance. Le système comprend une sonde TR permettant de détecter une tentative de redirection de trafic (TR) pour la station mobile d'itinérance, par observation d'un échange d'au moins un message d'enregistrement entre les VPMN et HPMN. Le système comprend également une unité anti-TR permettant de contrecarrer la tentative TR par envoi d'un ou de plusieurs messages de réponse à l'enregistrement en réponse au message d'enregistrement reçu d'un commutateur.
PCT/US2006/009063 2005-03-14 2006-03-14 Systeme de redirection anti-trafic Ceased WO2006099388A2 (fr)

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US60/662,030 2005-03-14

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008088913A3 (fr) * 2007-01-19 2008-12-18 Roamware Inc Procédé et système pour fournir des services d'itinérance à des abonnés itinérants d'un réseau domestique ayant un compte prépayé
EP1974555A4 (fr) * 2005-04-12 2009-08-05 Roamware Inc Systeme permettant de rediriger le trafic entrant
US8254916B2 (en) 2006-07-19 2012-08-28 T-Mobile International Ag Method for blocking roaming-steering mechanisms
EP2661109A3 (fr) * 2012-05-01 2014-01-22 Vodafone IP Licensing Limited Registre d'emplacement de passerelle
US8744436B2 (en) 2006-09-01 2014-06-03 At&T Mobility Ii Llc Roaming selection services

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CN107333302B (zh) * 2016-04-28 2021-08-03 中兴通讯股份有限公司 业务处理方法及装置

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US6148197A (en) * 1998-03-06 2000-11-14 Sbc Technology Resources, Inc. Intelligent roaming system with over the air programming
US6195705B1 (en) * 1998-06-30 2001-02-27 Cisco Technology, Inc. Mobile IP mobility agent standby protocol
AU2038700A (en) * 1998-12-03 2000-06-19 Ericsson Inc. Optimized routing of mobile calls within a telecommunications network
EP1527653B1 (fr) * 2002-08-05 2007-10-31 Roamware, Inc. Procede et systeme de reacheminement du trafic d'un reseau cellulaire

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1974555A4 (fr) * 2005-04-12 2009-08-05 Roamware Inc Systeme permettant de rediriger le trafic entrant
US8254916B2 (en) 2006-07-19 2012-08-28 T-Mobile International Ag Method for blocking roaming-steering mechanisms
US8744436B2 (en) 2006-09-01 2014-06-03 At&T Mobility Ii Llc Roaming selection services
WO2008088913A3 (fr) * 2007-01-19 2008-12-18 Roamware Inc Procédé et système pour fournir des services d'itinérance à des abonnés itinérants d'un réseau domestique ayant un compte prépayé
US8374602B2 (en) 2007-01-19 2013-02-12 Roamware, Inc. Method and system for providing roaming services to prepaid roamers of a home network
EP2661109A3 (fr) * 2012-05-01 2014-01-22 Vodafone IP Licensing Limited Registre d'emplacement de passerelle

Also Published As

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CN101185352B (zh) 2014-10-08
CN101185352A (zh) 2008-05-21

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