WO2006104070A1 - 弾性表面波モータ - Google Patents
弾性表面波モータ Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006104070A1 WO2006104070A1 PCT/JP2006/306077 JP2006306077W WO2006104070A1 WO 2006104070 A1 WO2006104070 A1 WO 2006104070A1 JP 2006306077 W JP2006306077 W JP 2006306077W WO 2006104070 A1 WO2006104070 A1 WO 2006104070A1
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- Prior art keywords
- surface acoustic
- acoustic wave
- slider
- electrode
- energy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
- H02N2/02—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing linear motion, e.g. actuators; Linear positioners ; Linear motors
- H02N2/08—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing linear motion, e.g. actuators; Linear positioners ; Linear motors using travelling waves, i.e. Rayleigh surface waves
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a surface acoustic wave motor, and more particularly to an energy recovery type surface acoustic wave motor.
- an ultrasonic motor is known as an actuator.
- One type of ultrasonic motor is a motor that uses surface acoustic wave (SAW), that is, a surface acoustic wave motor.
- SAW surface acoustic wave
- a surface acoustic wave is, for example, a wave (Rayleigh wave) in which vibration due to elliptical motion generated on the surface of an elastic body propagates on the surface of the elastic body.
- the driving force as a motor is extracted as a frictional force based on this elliptical motion.
- Surface acoustic wave motors are expected to be applied as small linear motors with excellent operating characteristics such as high speed, high response, and high thrust. As its characteristics, for example, a moving speed of lmZ seconds has been realized, and it has been demonstrated that it can generate thrust more than 30 times its own weight.
- a surface acoustic wave motor is, for example, a surface acoustic wave substrate that serves as a stator, an interdigitated electrode (IDT: Interdigital Transducer) that generates surface acoustic waves on the surface, and a surface acoustic wave substrate that is disposed on the surface of the surface acoustic wave motor.
- a preload means for bringing the slider into contact with the surface acoustic wave substrate at a predetermined pressure to obtain a frictional force (see, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 09-233865).
- a surface acoustic wave motor in order to generate a surface acoustic wave, energy is supplied using a cross finger electrode provided at one end of the surface acoustic wave substrate, and a force not used for driving is supplied.
- An energy recovery type surface acoustic wave motor that recovers and reuses the energy of the surface acoustic wave at the other end is known (see, for example, JP-A-11-146665).
- This surface acoustic wave motor is a linear motor including a surface acoustic wave substrate 2 serving as a stator, and a slider 3 that is driven on the surface S and moves linearly.
- the surface S of the surface acoustic wave substrate 2 is connected to the cross finger electrode 4 composed of cross finger electrodes 4a and 4b for energy compensation.
- a pair of cross finger electrodes 5 are provided so as to be spaced apart from each other with the differential finger electrode 4 interposed therebetween.
- the surface acoustic wave substrate 2 is made of a piezoelectric material having a thickness of about 1 mm.
- the interdigitated electrodes 4 and 5 are formed in a shape in which thin film conductors are patterned and comb teeth are held together.
- the cross finger electrode 5 collects the energy of the surface acoustic wave and supplies energy for generating the surface acoustic wave.
- the slider 3 is disposed in a running portion 21 provided between the cross finger electrode 4 and the cross finger electrode 5. The slider 3 is pressed against the surface S by the preload N from the preload applying means 30.
- a high-frequency (MHz band) voltage is applied, electrical energy is converted into wave mechanical energy by the interdigitated electrodes 4a and 4b, and a surface acoustic wave W traveling on the surface S in the right direction in the figure is generated.
- a high-frequency (MHz band) voltage a high-frequency (MHz band) voltage is applied, electrical energy is converted into wave mechanical energy by the interdigitated electrodes 4a and 4b, and a surface acoustic wave W traveling on the surface S in the right direction in the figure is generated.
- the direction of motion of a point on the surface S based on the elliptical motion of the surface acoustic wave W is opposite to the direction of travel of the surface acoustic wave W.
- the frictional force due to the elliptical vibration of the surface acoustic wave W traveling in the right direction acts on the slider 3, and the slider 3 is driven in the direction opposite to the traveling direction of the surface acoustic wave W (left side in the figure).
- the surface acoustic wave W passes to the right side of the slider 3 while losing the energy for driving the slider 3, and further proceeds to the right as the surface acoustic wave w.
- the crossed finger electrode 5 on the right side performs so-called mechanical-electrical conversion in which mechanical energy is received from the surface acoustic wave w to become electrical energy.
- the energy recovered as electrical energy is sent to the left interdigitated electrode 5 electrically connected via the wiring 7.
- the left finger electrode 5 performs electromechanical conversion using this electrical energy as mechanical energy, supplies the energy onto the surface S, and contributes to the generation of the surface acoustic wave W.
- This surface acoustic wave motor uses a pair of cross-finger electrodes 5 to recirculate energy (energy recovery and supply) and uses the cross-finger electrode 4 to compensate for energy consumption. It operates with less energy consumption than V, which uses electrode 5.
- FIG. 25A, 25B has the following problems in the energy recovery type surface acoustic wave motor as disclosed in JP-A-11 146665. This will be described with reference to FIG. 26, FIG. 27A to FIG. 30B.
- FIG. 26 The enlarged image of the part where the idler 3 is in contact with the surface S is shown, and the amplitudes of the neutral surface waves W, wl, w2 generated on the surface S are shown enlarged. In the portion where the slider 3 is in contact with the surface S of the surface acoustic wave substrate 2, the surface acoustic wave w2 that has undergone a phase change of ⁇ X relative to the original surface acoustic wave W is generated.
- the surface acoustic wave w that has passed through the slider 3 includes the surface acoustic wave w 2 that has undergone a phase change, as well as the surface acoustic wave wl that is in phase with the surface acoustic wave W.
- the surface acoustic wave w that has reached the right cross finger electrode 5 has a different phase along the width direction orthogonal to the traveling direction, and the cross finger electrode 5 has electrical energy such as mechanical energy. When converted to, some waves cancel each other, resulting in energy loss.
- the surface acoustic wave w is mixed with the inertial surface waves wl and w2 and is generated on the surface S as shown in FIG. 25A.
- the width g of the surface acoustic wave formed by the crossed finger electrodes 4 and 5 This is because the width f of the slider 3 is smaller than that.
- phase difference A tl is generated in the energy el, e2 corresponding to the phase difference ⁇ ⁇ in FIG. Due to the influence of the phase difference A tl, the energy e a becomes smaller than the energy e (e ⁇ and e), and the energy recovery efficiency is deteriorated. Further, the phase of the energy e is in phase with the phase of the supplemental energy supplied from the cross finger electrode 4, but a phase difference At2 occurs in the energy ea.
- the supplementary energy EO and the reflux energy e are in phase, they do not adversely affect each other. However, if they are not in phase, the energy E ⁇ is smaller than the energy El (E ⁇ ⁇ E1), and the energy supply efficiency is Deteriorate. Further, the phase of energy E j8 has a phase difference At3 with respect to energy E1.
- phase difference ⁇ generated when the slider 3 contacts the surface S of the surface acoustic wave substrate 2
- a phase difference is caused by, for example, a change in the characteristics of the surface acoustic wave substrate 2 due to a change in ambient temperature or a crossed finger electrode pattern provided on the surface S. This also occurs due to the deviation of the design value force. For this reason, the conventional surface acoustic wave motor still has a limit in reducing the electric power for driving the slider 3.
- the present invention solves the above-described problems, and provides an energy recovery type surface acoustic wave motor that realizes an improvement in energy efficiency by adjusting a phase change during energy recovery and supply. Objective.
- the present invention provides a surface acoustic wave substrate, a slider arranged in contact with the surface of the surface acoustic wave substrate with a preload applied thereto, and the surface acoustic wave substrate.
- a surface acoustic wave for driving is generated on the surface acoustic wave substrate connected to an external power source and connected to an external power source.
- An interdigitated electrode for driving that drives the slider by the frictional force generated on the contact surface, and a front and rear of the surface acoustic wave traveling direction on the surface of the surface acoustic wave substrate are arranged to drive the slider in the surface acoustic wave.
- Unused surface acoustic wave energy is recovered, and the recovered energy is used to generate surface acoustic waves.
- Phase adjustment means for matching the phase is provided.
- the phase adjusting means is provided that matches the phase of the surface acoustic wave generated by the collecting interdigitated electrode with the phase of the surface acoustic wave for driving generated by the driving interdigitated electrode. Therefore, the inertial surface acoustic wave motor can be driven with energy efficiency by the surface acoustic wave for driving having the same phase.
- the phase adjustment by the phase adjusting means in the present invention is performed in a stage before recovering the surface acoustic wave energy by the recovery cross finger electrode, while supplying the energy to the recovery cross finger electrode while circulating the recovered energy. This can be done even at the stage of deviation, such as the stage of generating surface waves.
- the energy of the surface acoustic wave can be efficiently recovered. Further, when the phase is adjusted after collection and at the supply stage, it is possible to generate a surface acoustic wave for driving with high energy efficiency, that is, a surface acoustic wave for driving that is effectively used for the slider.
- the energy recovery type surface acoustic wave motor of the present invention can adjust the phase change in the energy recovery and supply using the phase adjusting means to adjust the phase of the surface acoustic wave, and therefore, the different phases can be obtained. Energy efficiency can be improved by eliminating energy nullification due to surface acoustic wave interference.
- the present invention has at least one pair of the above-described collection-use cross finger electrodes, and uses one of them to convert the mechanical energy of the surface acoustic wave into electric energy and collect it, The other is used to convert the recovered electrical energy into mechanical energy, and generate a surface acoustic wave for driving.
- the present invention is the above-described improved invention, wherein the phase adjusting means is constituted by an electric circuit connected between one and the other of the collecting cross finger electrodes.
- phase adjustment is performed in the state of electrical energy by the electric circuit, so that appropriate phase adjustment is easy, and it is possible to cope with the change in the dimensions of the slider and the mechanical position. It is easy to cope with fine adjustment to phase adjustment.
- the present invention is the above-described improved invention, wherein the phase adjusting means travels the slider of the surface acoustic wave substrate sandwiched between any of the collecting and driving interdigitated electrodes. It is set by the length of the region in the traveling direction, and the length is generated by arranging the slider in the region to a length that generates a surface acoustic wave in a resonance state without arranging the slider in the region.
- the length of the phase change of the surface acoustic wave in the resonance state is the length obtained by calorie.
- the phase adjustment means is configured by adding a distance corresponding to the phase change generated in the surface acoustic wave due to the arrangement of the slider to the length of the traveling portion in advance. Energy efficiency can be improved easily by designing the pattern of the interdigitated electrodes placed on the surface of the substrate.
- generating a surface acoustic wave in a resonance state corresponds to generating a surface acoustic wave in a state where the boundary on the generation side and the collection side of the surface acoustic wave satisfies the periodic boundary condition.
- the present invention includes at least a pair of the collection-use cross finger electrodes, and uses one of them to reflect the surface acoustic wave and return it to the drive cross-finger electrode side.
- the surface acoustic wave energy is recovered, and the returned surface acoustic wave is reflected again by using the other to generate a surface acoustic wave for driving.
- phase adjusting means for recovering and supplying surface acoustic wave energy can be built into the surface acoustic wave substrate. Since the energy is circulated by mechanical recovery using the surface of the surface acoustic wave substrate, an electric circuit for the circulatory flow is unnecessary.
- the phase adjustment by the phase adjusting means can be performed, for example, by connecting a passive element for impedance change to the collecting interdigitated electrode.
- the waves that are directed in the same direction as the driving surface acoustic wave are aligned with each other among the multiple reflected waves, and the energy of these waves is directed in the opposite direction.
- the slider is driven with a larger energy than that. Therefore, the traveling speed of the slider can be changed by adjusting the reflectance.
- the present invention is such that the driving cross-finger electrode side of the collecting cross-finger electrode also serves as the drive cross-finger electrode.
- the structure of the cross finger electrode can be simplified, and the surface acoustic wave motor can be reduced. Can be typed.
- the present invention is the above-described improved invention, wherein the phase adjusting means is set by a length between the equivalent reflection surfaces of the pair of collecting cross-finger electrodes, and the length is the collection intersection. It is substantially equal to an integral multiple of half the wavelength of the surface acoustic wave generated by the finger electrode.
- phase adjustment can be automatically performed when a surface acoustic wave is reflected twice and becomes a surface acoustic wave for driving again.
- the distance between the collection interdigital electrodes is set using the length between the equivalent reflective surfaces for the interdigital electrodes configured using a plurality of comb-like electrodes, the crossed interdigital electrodes are optimal as a whole. Condition setting can be realized.
- the present invention is the above-described improved invention, wherein the phase adjusting means is constituted by an electric circuit connected to the recovery interdigitated electrode arranged in front of the driving surface acoustic wave in the traveling direction.
- the phase of the reflected wave reflected by the crossed finger electrode is adjusted by setting the impedance of the electric circuit.
- the phase can be easily adjusted.
- the present invention is characterized in that the reflectance of the reflected wave reflected by the collecting interdigital electrode is determined by adjusting an electrode interval of the interdigital electrode, and an electrode index of the interdigital electrode. Adjustment is made by at least one of the adjustments of the preload applied to the slider.
- the travel of the slider can be easily controlled by adjusting the reflectance.
- the electrode spacing and electrode index of the interdigitated electrodes can be built into the surface acoustic wave substrate based on the design.
- the reflectance can be adjusted as appropriate by adjusting the preload when the surface acoustic wave motor is driven.
- the present invention adjusts the reflectance of the reflected wave reflected by the cross finger electrode by setting the impedance by an electric circuit connected to the collecting cross finger electrode. To do.
- the reflectance can be adjusted easily and appropriately during driving of the surface acoustic wave motor or before driving.
- the present invention is the above-described improved invention, wherein the driving cross-finger electrode includes the elastic bullet.
- a switch for selectively connecting the electric circuit to any one of the collecting cross-finger electrodes, and the traveling direction of the surface acoustic wave for driving is switched by these switches.
- one external power source for generating a surface acoustic wave for driving can be provided.
- the present invention is the above-described improved invention, wherein the driving cross-finger electrode is disposed between the pair of recovery cross-finger electrodes, and any one of the external cross-electrodes does not pass through the switch. It is connected to a power source, and the electrical circuit is selectively connected to one of the pair of collecting interdigitated electrodes using the switch, thereby switching the traveling direction of the surface acoustic wave for driving.
- the traveling direction of the slider can be switched by a single switch so as to reciprocate.
- the present invention is the above-described improved invention, wherein the impedance of the electric circuit is variable.
- the present invention provides the above-described improved invention, wherein a speed detection device that detects a relative speed of the slider with respect to the surface acoustic wave substrate, a speed input device that inputs a target moving speed of the slider, A feedback device that performs feedback control to change the impedance of the electric circuit so that the relative speed detected by the speed detection device matches the target moving speed input by the speed input device. is there. According to such a configuration, it is possible to easily control the speed of the slider by changing the impedance, for example, the resistance component, of the electric circuit without adjusting the external power supply.
- the present invention detects the difference between the phase of the voltage waveform for generating the surface acoustic wave from the external power source and the phase of the surface acoustic wave for driving actually generated.
- a phase difference detection device, a phase difference input device for inputting a target phase difference, and a phase difference detected by the phase difference detection device and a target phase difference input by the phase difference input device are matched.
- a feedback device that performs feed knock control for changing the impedance of the electric circuit.
- the speed of the slider can be easily controlled by adjusting the surface acoustic wave phase by changing the impedance of the electric circuit without adjusting the external power source, for example, the reactance component. It can be carried out.
- the present invention is the above-described improved invention, wherein the driving cross finger electrodes are provided before and after the surface acoustic wave traveling direction on the surface of the elastic surface wave substrate. At least one of the finger electrodes has a surface acoustic wave generated by the driving cross-finger electrode, and the amplitude force of the surface-acoustic wave that exits on one side of the cross-finger electrode evenly exits on both sides. It has a unidirectional means to make it larger than the amplitude of the surface acoustic wave.
- the unidirectional key means by providing the unidirectional key means, the energy that has conventionally been a loss can be used for driving, and the energy efficiency is improved. That is, among the surface acoustic waves generated on both sides of the interdigital finger electrode, the surface acoustic waves that do not go to the side that drives the slider are discarded, resulting in energy loss. Therefore, loss can be avoided.
- the width of the portion of the slider contacting the surface of the surface acoustic wave substrate in the direction perpendicular to the traveling direction of the surface acoustic wave is the driving cross finger. This is substantially equal to the electrode overlap width of the electrodes.
- the width of the surface acoustic wave generated by the cross finger electrode and the width of the contact portion of the slider with the surface acoustic wave substrate are made substantially equal.
- the surface acoustic wave that arrives becomes the surface acoustic wave of the same phase, so from the surface acoustic wave, Energy with high utilization efficiency can be recovered.
- the phase adjusting means is configured by adjusting the dimensional relationship between the slider and the crossed finger electrode.
- the present invention is the above-described improved invention, wherein the slider is uniformly distributed in a direction perpendicular to the traveling direction of the inertial surface wave on a portion of the slider in contact with the surface of the surface acoustic wave substrate. It has a contact protrusion.
- the portion of the slider that contacts the surface of the inertial surface wave substrate has a uniform structure over the entire width in the width direction orthogonal to the traveling direction of the inertial surface wave.
- the phase changes that occur in the width direction of the slider are substantially equal. Therefore, the surface acoustic wave reaches the collecting interdigital electrode in a uniform phase, and the energy can be collected efficiently.
- FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram illustrating the configuration of a surface acoustic wave motor according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a plan view of the surface acoustic wave motor according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3A is a plan view of the surface acoustic wave motor according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- 3B is a cross-sectional view of the surface acoustic wave motor.
- FIG. 4A is a sectional view of the contact portion of the slider with the surface acoustic wave substrate in the surface acoustic wave motor and an enlarged portion thereof
- FIG. 4B is a plan view of the contact surface of the slider.
- FIG. 5A is a schematic explanatory view of a surface acoustic wave motor according to a third embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 5B is a plan view of the main part of the surface acoustic wave motor
- FIG. 5C is a perspective view of a slider. Figure.
- FIGS. 6A and 6A are cross-finger electrode reflectivity frequency characteristic graphs
- FIG. 6B is a reflectivity frequency characteristic graph when the number of cross-finger electrode pairs is changed
- FIG. A graph showing the relationship between the number of sets and the maximum reflectance.
- FIG. 7A is a schematic explanatory view of an inertial surface wave monitor according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7B shows the relationship between the preload applied to the slider and the transmittance of the surface acoustic wave.
- FIG. 8A is a schematic explanatory view of a surface acoustic wave motor according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 8B is an explanatory view of a main part of the surface acoustic wave motor.
- FIG. 9A is a frequency characteristic graph showing the reflectance of the unidirectional surface finger motor divided into the contributions of the two cross finger electrodes
- FIG. 9B is the surface acoustic wave motor. The frequency characteristic graph of each reflectance of a pair of unidirectional cross finger electrode.
- FIG. 10 is a partial top view showing a cross finger electrode of a surface acoustic wave motor according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a partial top view showing another example of the interdigital electrodes of the surface acoustic wave motor of the above.
- FIG. 12A is a partial top view showing still another example of the cross finger electrode of the surface acoustic wave motor of the above, and FIG. 12B is a partial cross-sectional view of the cross finger electrode.
- FIG. 13 is a frequency characteristic graph illustrating the adjustment of the reflectance of the collecting interdigital electrode for the surface acoustic wave motor according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 14A and 14B are schematic explanatory views showing a state in which the slider is moved by adjusting the reflectance of the collecting cross finger electrode of the surface acoustic wave motor according to the impedance.
- FIGS. 15A to 15D are examples in which the collection finger electrodes of the surface acoustic wave motor are different from each other. Adjust the reflectivity or phase of each collection finger electrode by adjusting the impedance to adjust the slider. Schematic explanatory drawing which shows a mode to move.
- FIG. 16 is a schematic explanatory view showing another example of a method of connecting an electric circuit for impedance adjustment to the interdigital electrodes of the surface acoustic wave motor of the above.
- FIGS. 17A and 17B are schematic explanatory views of a cross finger electrode portion showing an example of phase adjustment of a reflected surface acoustic wave in a surface acoustic wave motor according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 18A and 18B are schematic explanatory views showing a state in which the moving direction of a slider is switched by a switch in a surface acoustic wave motor according to a ninth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 19A and 19B are schematic explanatory views for explaining the operation of the surface acoustic wave motor according to the tenth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 20 is a schematic explanatory view showing a state in which the moving direction of the slider is switched by the switch in the surface acoustic wave motor.
- FIGS. 21A and 21B are schematic explanatory views for explaining the operation of a surface acoustic wave motor according to an eleventh embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 22 is a schematic top view for explaining the operation of the surface acoustic wave motor according to the twelfth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 23 is a control block diagram of a surface acoustic wave motor according to a thirteenth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 24 is a control block diagram of a surface acoustic wave motor according to a fourteenth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 25A is a plan view of a conventional surface acoustic wave motor
- FIG. 25B is a cross-sectional view of the surface acoustic wave motor.
- FIG. 26 is a schematic perspective view showing the relationship between the slider and the surface acoustic wave in the conventional surface acoustic wave motor.
- FIG. 27A is a graph showing temporal changes in energy of two surface acoustic waves having the same phase
- FIG. 27B is a graph showing temporal changes in energy of waves obtained by synthesizing the two surface acoustic waves.
- FIG. 28A is a graph showing temporal changes in energy of two surface acoustic waves having a phase difference
- FIG. 28B is a graph showing temporal changes in energy of waves obtained by synthesizing the two surface acoustic waves. .
- FIG. 29A is a graph showing the time change of the energy for generating the surface acoustic wave in which the two energy source forces having the same phase are supplied
- FIG. 29B is a graph of the surface acoustic wave generated by the two energies. The graph which shows the time change of energy.
- FIG. 30A is a graph showing temporal changes in energy of two surface acoustic waves having a phase difference
- FIG. 30B is a temporal change in energy of surface acoustic waves generated by the two energies.
- FIG. 1 shows a conceptual configuration of the surface acoustic wave motor 1.
- the surface acoustic wave motor 1 is in contact with the surface acoustic wave substrate 2 with the preload N applied to the surface S of the surface acoustic wave substrate 2.
- the slider 3 is arranged on the surface S and connected to the external power source V to generate the surface acoustic wave W for driving on the surface S.
- the slider is based on the surface acoustic wave W and the preload N with respect to the slider 3.
- the interdigital finger for driving 4 that drives the slider 3 by the friction force generated on the contact surface with the surface acoustic wave substrate 2 of 3 and the front and back of the traveling direction of the surface acoustic wave W on the surface S are arranged.
- a recovery cross-finger electrode 5 that recovers the energy of the surface acoustic wave w that is not used for driving the slider 3 and generates the surface acoustic wave W by using the recovered energy V.
- the surface acoustic wave motor 1 matches the phase of the surface acoustic wave generated by the collecting interdigitated electrode 5 with the phase of the surface acoustic wave W for driving generated by the driving interdigitated electrode 4.
- a phase adjusting means 10 and an energy circulating means 11 for circulating the recovered energy to the supply side are provided.
- the surface acoustic wave substrate 2 is a stator of the surface acoustic wave motor 1, and the slider 3 is a mover. Both move relatively. Of course, the roles of these stators and movers may be reversed.
- each component of the surface acoustic wave motor 1 will be described.
- the surface acoustic wave substrate 2 is formed using a piezoelectric material having a high electromechanical coupling coefficient.
- a piezoelectric material for example, a single crystal plate of lithium niobate (LiNbO) is used. Elasticity
- the surface wave substrate 2 is not limited to being formed entirely of a piezoelectric material, but may be a substrate in which a piezoelectric thin film such as ZnO or PZT is formed on the surface of a non-piezoelectric material substrate. Of course, piezoelectric materials of other shapes and materials may be used.
- the surface acoustic wave substrate 2 has, for example, a rectangular shape with a thickness of about 1 mm.
- the outer shape may be a curved surface instead of a flat plate, and may be a circle or an arbitrary shape instead of a rectangle.
- the slider 3 is usually made of a hard material such as silicon.
- a plurality of protrusions are provided on the contact surface of the slider 3 with the surface acoustic wave substrate 2 (see FIGS. 4A and 5C).
- Such a protrusion is easily formed by etching when silicon is used, for example.
- the material may be a material having sufficient mechanical strength and wear resistance even if it is not silicon. If a sufficient frictional force is generated between the surface S of the surface acoustic wave substrate 2 that moves elliptically by the surface acoustic wave and the contact surface of the slider 3, the structure of the contact surface of the slider 3 has a protrusion. Not limited to.
- the preload applying means 30 for applying the preload N to the slider 3 is configured using, for example, an elastic body such as a leaf spring or a spring coil. Also, the slider 3 should be made of a magnetic material, or the slider 3 should be equipped with a solenoid coil so that the preload can be reduced by the magnetic force of a permanent magnet or electromagnet.
- interdigitated electrode IDT: Interdigital Transducer
- a ladder-like electrode may be used as the reflecting electrode (FIG. 10).
- the interdigital electrode is formed by combining comb-shaped individual electrodes into a comb-shaped electrode, and the two comb-shaped electrodes facing each other so that the comb teeth are held together, and combined. (See FIG. 2
- the crossed finger electrode is formed by patterning a thin film conductor formed on the surface S of the surface acoustic wave substrate 2. Adjacent individual electrodes are usually different from each other. In addition, a float potential individual electrode may be used as the reflecting electrode. In addition, the arrangement interval (pitch) between the individual electrodes is usually set to a half wavelength of the surface acoustic wave.
- the traveling direction of the elastic surface wave generated by the interdigitated electrode is a direction orthogonal to the individual electrode.
- the individual electrodes of the interdigital electrodes that absorb the energy of the surface acoustic wave are in a direction perpendicular to the traveling direction of the surface acoustic wave.
- the left and right sides of the surface acoustic wave motor 1 are sometimes referred to depending on the horizontal direction of the figure, but the surface acoustic wave motor 1 of the present invention is generally arbitrary including left, right, up and down. It can be driven in the orientation of the direction.
- the surface acoustic wave motor 1 shown in FIG. 1 assumes a situation in which the slider 3 travels to the left by the surface acoustic wave W for driving rightward in the figure for convenience of explanation.
- the collection cross finger electrode 5 on the right side is for collection, and the collection cross finger electrode 5 on the left side is for supply.
- the collection-use cross finger electrode 5 for supplying energy can also be configured to serve as the drive cross-finger electrode 4.
- the slider 3 can be moved to the right. Can do.
- the above-described driving interdigital electrodes 4 and the collecting interdigital electrodes 5 are usually configured such that the directions of the surface acoustic waves generated by these electrode forces are one direction, or directional when used. Constructed to be able to control!
- the former is a cross finger electrode equipped with a reflective electrode or a reflector, and the latter is equipped with an additional power source and cross finger electrode so that the directionality can be set actively.
- the direction of the surface acoustic wave is one direction means “the surface acoustic wave amplitude force is not emitted evenly on both sides of the interdigital electrode, but the surface acoustic wave amplitude force is emitted on the other side. It is larger than the amplitude of the surface acoustic wave.
- the driving cross-finger electrode 4 and the left collecting cross-finger electrode 5 are unidirectional cross-finger electrodes in which elastic surface waves are emitted only to the right, and the right collecting finger electrode
- the interfinger electrode 5 for the surface has a surface acoustic wave to the right! Kana! /, A unidirectional interfinger electrode! /
- the right collection finger electrode 5 collects energy from the mechanical energy E of the surface acoustic wave w, and the collected energy is recirculated to the left collection finger electrode 5 by the circulation means 11. Is done.
- the collecting finger electrode 5 on the left side is supplied with the recirculated energy, and generates a surface acoustic wave W for driving based on the energy e .
- the recovered energy may be in the state of electrical energy or in the state of mechanical energy when circulating.
- the energy circulating means 11 circulates using an electric circuit, and in the case of mechanical energy, the surface of the surface acoustic wave substrate 2 circulates as a surface acoustic wave state, that is, as a reflected wave.
- the surface acoustic wave W described above is based on the energy EO of the driving cross finger electrode 4 force and the energy e from the recovery cross finger electrode 5.
- the surface acoustic waves based on these energies are in phase with each other by the phase adjusting means 10.
- Phase adjustment by phase adjustment means 10 Is the stage before recovering the energy of the surface acoustic wave w by the collecting cross-finger electrode 5, while supplying the energy to the collecting inter-finger electrode 5 while circulating the collected energy to generate the surface acoustic wave W It can be performed even if it is in the stage of deviation, such as the stage of making.
- phase adjustment method is a so-called spatial adjustment method. It is also possible to adjust the effective position of the collecting interdigitated electrode 5 by electrically adjusting the impedance of the collecting interdigitated electrode 5. This is an electrical adjustment method.
- the spatial arrangement relationship between the propagation area of the surface acoustic wave w and the slider 3 is adjusted so that the surface acoustic wave w itself received by the collecting interdigitated electrode 5 can be received in a state where the wave fronts are aligned without phase difference. Things are also done. In this case, the energy of the surface acoustic wave can be efficiently recovered.
- phase adjusting means 10 When energy is circulated in an electrical state, the phase can be easily adjusted by an electric circuit.
- an electric circuit for phase adjustment for example, a circuit in which passive elements such as a resistor, a capacitor, and an inductor are connected in series or in parallel can be used.
- the phase when energy is mechanically recovered in the state of surface acoustic waves by wave reflection, the phase can be adjusted by adjusting the effective reflection position at the interdigitated electrode.
- the effective reflection position is adjusted by setting the spatial arrangement position of the collection crossing finger electrode 5 and by adjusting the impedance by connecting a passive element to the collection crossing finger electrode 5 and changing the impedance. be able to.
- the energy recovery type surface acoustic wave motor 1 uses the phase adjustment means 10 for the recovery and supply of energy, using a spatial or electrical adjustment method before and after the recovery.
- the phase of the surface acoustic wave can be matched by adjusting the phase change of the energy, and the energy efficiency can be improved. For example, invalidation of energy due to interference of surface acoustic waves having different phases can be avoided.
- an energy-efficient surface acoustic wave for driving that is, a surface acoustic wave for driving W that is effectively used for the slider 3 is generated. Can do.
- the surface acoustic wave motor 1 will be specifically described according to each embodiment.
- FIG. 2 shows the surface acoustic wave motor 1 according to the first embodiment.
- the surface acoustic wave motor 1 is disposed before and after the surface acoustic wave traveling direction (left and right direction in the figure) on the surface acoustic wave substrate 2 and the surface S thereof, and performs an electromechanical conversion between electrical energy and mechanical energy.
- the recovery interfinger electrode 5 that collects and supplies the power
- the driving interfinger electrode 4 that is arranged between the two recovery interfinger electrodes 5 and is connected to the external power sources VI and V2 to supplement the energy
- the preload With the preload N applied by the applying means 30, the slider 3 is in contact with the surface S of the surface acoustic wave substrate 2 and the wiring 7 connecting the two intersecting finger electrodes for recovery 5 and the wiring 7 are inserted.
- the surface acoustic wave substrate 2 and the slider 3 in the surface acoustic wave motor 1 of this embodiment are the same as those shown in FIG. 1 described above, and a description thereof is omitted. Further, the structure of the crossed finger electrode is the same as that of the conventional example shown in FIGS. 25A and 25B, and a part of the description is omitted. It should be noted that a reflector may be attached to each of the collecting intersecting finger electrodes 5.
- the wiring 7 constitutes the energy circulation means 11 in FIG.
- impedance matching of the collection-use cross finger electrode 5 will be described.
- the pair of collecting interdigitated electrodes 5 are usually formed in the same shape, and the impedance matching of the resistance component is naturally satisfied due to the symmetry and the relativity. Further, each collecting cross finger electrode 5 has a braking capacity, and it is necessary to cancel this.
- the phase adjustment circuit 8 is composed of a four-terminal circuit, and constitutes the phase adjustment means 10 in FIG.
- the phase adjustment circuit 8 is configured by an electric circuit in which passive elements such as resistors, capacitors, and inductors are connected in series or in parallel, and adjusts the phase of electrical energy circulating through the wiring 7. That is, when the phase adjustment circuit 8 generates the surface acoustic wave W by supplying the collected energy to the collecting finger electrode 5 on the left side, the phase of the generated wave is The phase of the electrician energy is adjusted in advance so that it is the same as the phase of the surface acoustic wave W generated by the driving interdigital finger 4.
- the driving cross finger electrode 4 is a unidirectional cross finger electrode in which directionality can be set actively.
- the slider 3 When the surface acoustic wave W facing right is excited, the slider 3 is driven toward the left in the figure. In this state, the surface acoustic wave W that consumed a part of the energy for driving the slider 3 becomes a surface acoustic wave w and travels to the right of the slider 3.
- the collection finger electrode 5 on the right side receives mechanical energy from the surface acoustic wave w and collects it as electrical energy, and this energy is transferred to the left finger electrode 5 on the left side via the wiring 7. Circulate.
- the phase adjustment circuit 8 adjusts the phase.
- the collecting interdigital finger 5 on the left side receives electrical energy and supplies it to the surface acoustic wave substrate 2 as energy for generating the surface acoustic wave W for driving. That is, energy is collected, recirculated, phase-adjusted, and supplied by the pair of collecting interdigital electrodes 5, the wiring 7, and the phase adjustment circuit 8, and the energy consumption is compensated by the driving interdigital electrodes 4. Based on these energies, surface acoustic waves for driving are generated in a state where the phases are aligned, and the slider 3 is driven.
- phase adjustment circuit 8 As described above, it is possible to improve energy efficiency. In addition, phase adjustment is performed in the state of electrical energy using an electric circuit, so appropriate phase adjustment is easy, and it is easy to respond to changes in the dimensions of slider 3 and fine adjustments to mechanical phase adjustment. It is.
- the surface acoustic wave motor 1 by reversing the polarity of the voltage input of either the external power source VI or V2, the surface acoustic wave W shown in FIG. It can excite the leftward traveling wave.
- the driving cross-finger electrode 4 is a unidirectional cross-finger electrode whose directionality can be set actively.
- the collecting finger electrode 5 on the left side immediately recovers the mechanical energy from the surface acoustic wave W and Convert to energy.
- the right intersecting finger electrode 5 for collection receives electrical energy through the wiring 7 and supplies the energy to the surface acoustic wave substrate 2 as mechanical energy. In this case, the slider 3 moves to the right.
- FIGS. 3A and 3B show the surface acoustic wave motor 1 of the second embodiment
- FIGS. 4A and 4B show the structure of the contact portion of the slider 3 with the surface acoustic wave substrate 2 in the inertial surface wave motor 1.
- the surface acoustic wave motor 1 is different from the surface acoustic wave motor 1 of the first embodiment described above and does not include the phase adjustment circuit 8.
- the phase adjustment in the surface acoustic wave motor 1 is performed by adjusting the width of the slider 3 and the width of each cross finger electrode and adjusting the length of the region where the surface acoustic waves W and w exist. That is, the phase adjusting means 10 in the surface acoustic wave motor 1 performs phase adjustment before energy recovery by a spatial adjustment method.
- the surface acoustic wave motor 1 of the second embodiment is the same as the surface acoustic wave motor 1 of the first embodiment described above except for these points.
- the width a of the slider 3 and the width b of each cross-finger electrode are approximately equal to each other.
- the width a of the slider 3 is the width in the width direction perpendicular to the traveling direction of the surface acoustic wave of the contact surface 31 of the slider 3 that contacts the surface S of the surface acoustic wave substrate 2.
- the width b of the cross finger electrode is the overlapping width of the individual electrodes. Within this range of width b, a surface acoustic wave is effectively generated by the driving interdigital finger 4, and energy is recovered by each recovering interdigital finger 5.
- the contact protrusion 31 disposed on the contact surface 31 of the slider 3 at predetermined intervals uniformly distributed over the entire width a of the contact surface 31 of the slider 3. 32 is provided.
- the contact projection surface 33 at the tip of the contact projection 32 is a portion that substantially contacts the surface S of the surface acoustic wave substrate 2 and is a portion that generates a frictional force as a driving force.
- the contact protrusions 32 provided on the contact surface 31 are uniformly distributed over the entire width a of the contact surface 31, and the width of the contact surface 31 of the slider 3. Since a is approximately equal to the electrode overlap width b, the surface acoustic wave w that reaches the collecting interdigitated electrode 5 becomes a surface acoustic wave having the same phase in the width direction orthogonal to the traveling direction of the surface acoustic wave. Effective for generating surface acoustic wave W for driving from surface acoustic wave w Energy can be recovered and energy efficiency can be improved.
- phase adjustment in the length direction is also performed by the spatial adjustment method.
- the width of the traveling unit 21 in which the slider 3 is disposed and driven to travel is defined by the width a of the slider 3 as described above.
- the length of the traveling unit 21 is set as follows.
- the traveling portion 21 is generally a region of the surface acoustic wave substrate 2 sandwiched between any of the collection-use and drive-use crossed finger electrodes 4 and 5.
- a region sandwiched between the driving cross finger electrode 4 a and the right collecting cross finger electrode 5 is the traveling portion 21.
- the distance between the interdigitated electrodes 4 and 5 that generate the surface acoustic wave and recover the energy across the traveling portion 21 is such that the surface acoustic wave in the resonance state is generated in order to efficiently perform the energy circulation. The distance to be generated.
- generating a surface acoustic wave in a resonance state corresponds to generating a surface acoustic wave in a state where the boundary on the generation side and the collection side of the surface acoustic wave satisfies the periodic boundary condition.
- the phase of the surface acoustic wave is the same when the surface acoustic wave is collected and when the surface acoustic wave is generated.
- the traveling portion length d which is the distance between the crossed finger electrodes 4 and 5 sandwiching the traveling portion 21, is the surface acoustic wave in the resonance state in the traveling portion 21 without the slider 3 being disposed in the traveling portion 21.
- DO is the distance between the electrodes generating the phase difference ⁇ X (see FIG. 26), which is the distance corresponding to the phase change generated in the elastic surface wave in the resonance state by placing the slider 3 in the traveling section 21.
- Plus d dO + ⁇ .
- ⁇ is stored in dO considering its positive and negative signs.
- the distances d0 and d between the electrodes are generally the electrode patterns. This distance is not limited to the distance between the screens, but is a distance that substantially or effectively realizes the resonance state.
- phase adjustment means 10 two types of phase adjustment are performed by the phase adjustment means 10 based on the spatial phase adjustment method before the energy of the surface acoustic wave w is recovered. Therefore, it is possible to realize an efficient operation with less energy loss and to improve energy efficiency.
- One of the two types of phase adjustment is to adjust the surface acoustic wave w to be recovered to a single phase, and the other is to adjust the periodic boundary condition.
- FIGS. 5A to 5C show the surface acoustic wave motor 1 of the third embodiment
- FIGS. 6A to 6C show the reflectance characteristics of the interdigital electrodes.
- the surface acoustic wave motor 1 of the present embodiment circulates the recovered energy to the supply side in the state of mechanical energy. This is the surface acoustic wave motor 1 of the first and second embodiments described above. Is different. That is, energy recovery and recirculation are performed in a state of mechanical energy, not in the state of electrical energy, by a surface acoustic wave that reversely travels on the surface S of the surface acoustic wave substrate 2, that is, a reflected wave.
- the energy circulating means 11 in the present embodiment is the surface S of the surface acoustic wave substrate 2.
- the surface acoustic wave motor 1 of the present embodiment is disposed so as to face the surface acoustic wave substrate 2 and the surface S of the surface acoustic wave substrate 2 with a predetermined distance therebetween, and generates a surface across the surface of the surface acoustic wave substrate 2.
- the slider 3 is formed using, for example, silicon or the like.
- the slider 3 has a surface to make it easy to obtain thrust from the substantially rectangular parallelepiped body 3a and the surface S of the surface acoustic wave substrate 2.
- a plurality of protrusions 3b protruding from the surface of the main body 3a disposed to face S are integrally provided.
- the pair of cross finger electrodes 4 of the surface acoustic wave motor 1 are the driving cross finger electrodes 4 that generate the driving surface acoustic waves in FIG. 1 and reflect the surface acoustic waves. It is also a collecting interfinger electrode 5 that collects and supplies the energy of the surface acoustic wave.
- FIG. 5A and 5B the cross finger electrode 4 is shown in a simplified manner. A reflector or the like can be attached to the pair of cross finger electrodes 4 to form a unidirectional cross finger electrode (see the fifth and sixth embodiments).
- the left cross finger electrode 4 is connected to both ends of the external power source VI through the switch SW1, and the right cross finger electrode 4 is connected to both external power sources V2 through the switch SW2.
- the switches SW1 and SW2 serve as switching means for switching the interdigitated electrode 4 that generates surface acoustic waves. That is, by switching the switches SW1 and SW2, the direction in which the surface acoustic wave travels on the surface acoustic wave substrate 2 and thus the direction in which the slider 3 moves can be switched.
- the equivalent reflective surface is a typical example of the cross finger electrode 4 focusing on the function of the cross finger electrode 4 to reflect the surface acoustic wave so as to replace a large object in physics with a mass point. It is a reflecting surface arranged at a reflecting position.
- the phase adjusting means 10 in the present embodiment uses a spatial phase adjusting method.
- each cross finger electrode 4 the resonance frequency as the cross finger electrode that generates the surface acoustic wave is determined by the interval D, that is, the pitch of the individual electrodes of the same polarity.
- the frequency characteristic of the wave reflectivity R varies depending on the number m of the individual electrodes having different polarities.
- Number of pairs of interdigitated electrodes 4 shown in simplified form in FIG. 5A m M 5.
- the relationship between the distance D and the number m of sets, the resonant frequency of the interdigitated electrode 4, the admittance characteristics (conductance and susceptance), and the frequency characteristics of the reflectance R can be obtained by computer simulation. As a result, it is possible to design the interdigitated electrode 4 having a desired resonance frequency and frequency characteristics of reflectance.
- a cross finger electrode having reflectance characteristics as shown in FIG. 6A is obtained.
- This interdigital electrode has a reflectivity of approximately 0.21 for surface acoustic waves with a frequency of 28.9 MHz.
- the resonance frequency is lowered, and as a result, the frequency characteristic of the reflectance R is shifted to the lower frequency side as a whole, and when the interval D is reduced, the resonance frequency is increased. Therefore, the frequency characteristic of reflectivity R is shifted to the high frequency side as a whole.
- the interval D is temporarily set so that the frequency characteristic of the reflectance R is close to a desired value.
- the magnitude of the reflectance R is set by changing the number of sets m.
- FIG. 6C shows the relationship between the number of sets m and the maximum value of reflectance R.
- the maximum value of the reflectance R can be increased by increasing the number of sets m, and the reflectance R is about 1 when the number of sets m exceeds 30.
- the interval D is reset so that the reflectance is maximized at the desired frequency. It is sufficient to set the correct interval D again.
- the cross finger electrode 4 having a desired resonance frequency and frequency characteristics of the reflectance R can be designed.
- Switch SW1 is closed and high frequency voltage is applied to the above-mentioned crossed finger electrode 4 from the external power supply VI.
- the surface acoustic wave Wl with energy P is excited, multiple reflected waves as shown below are generated on the surface acoustic wave substrate 2.
- the reflectance of the left interdigitated electrode 4 is 7? (0 ⁇ 1)
- the reflectance of the right interdigitated electrode 4 is ⁇ ( 0 ⁇ 1)
- the attenuation of the surface acoustic wave during propagation is negligible.
- ⁇ 7? 1 the energy PF, PR is given by the geometric series formula
- the energy contributing to the movement of the slider 3 is the traveling wave component PH
- PH PF-PR.
- PV PS-PH. Therefore, the relationship between PF, PR, PS, PH, PV is
- the traveling wave component ⁇ is adjusted by adjusting the reflectances ⁇ and ⁇ .
- Standing wave formation Minute PV ratio can be set.
- the reflectance ⁇ can be set by setting the distance D between the interdigital electrodes and the number m of sets.
- the above-described reflectance ⁇ is preferably set so that, for example, the energy PR of the reflected wave WR is not less than 0.5 times and not more than 0.98 times the energy PF of the traveling wave WF.
- the value of the reflectance ⁇ at this time may be in the range of 0.5 ⁇ 0.98, referring to the above formula of ⁇ , PV.
- switch SW2 is closed instead of switch SW1, external power supply V2 is connected to the right interdigitated electrode 4 and slider 3 is moved to the right is the same as described above, and the description is omitted. .
- the surface acoustic wave motor 1 When the switch SW1 is closed and a high frequency voltage is applied from the external power source VI to the left interdigitated electrode 4, the surface acoustic wave substrate 2 is distorted by the electrical energy supplied from the interdigitated electrode 4, and this causes electrical energy to be distorted. Is converted into mechanical energy to generate Rayleigh waves, which are surface acoustic waves.
- the Rayleigh wave propagates on the surface S of the surface acoustic wave substrate 2, is reflected multiple times between the two interdigitated electrodes 4, and in a steady state, the traveling wave WF traveling rightward and the reflected wave WR traveling leftward are Is generated.
- Such a surface acoustic wave has the energy of the standing wave component PV and the traveling wave component ⁇ , and the slider 3 moves to the left by the energy of the traveling wave component ⁇ .
- the surface acoustic wave motor 1 can drive the slider 3 left and right by switching the switches SW1 and SW2.
- FIG. 7A shows the surface acoustic wave motor 1 of the fourth embodiment
- FIG. 7B shows the relationship between the preload N applied to the slider 3 and the transmittance a of the surface acoustic wave.
- the surface acoustic wave motor 1 of the present embodiment has the same configuration as that of the third embodiment described above, and considers the effect of the preload N applied to the slider 3 on the propagation of the surface acoustic wave. The points are different and the other points are the same.
- the surface S of the surface acoustic wave substrate 2 in contact with the slider 3 is passed from the left or the right.
- the amount of attenuation increases with the preload N applied to the slider 3.
- the transmittance ⁇ of the surface acoustic wave energy passing through the lower surface of the slider 3 decreases as the preload N increases as shown in FIG. 7B.
- the state of multiple reflected waves in a steady state when a high frequency voltage is applied to the left interdigitated electrode 4 to excite the surface acoustic wave W1 of energy P is represented by the preload N applied to the slider 3.
- the surface acoustic wave transmittance ⁇ (0 ⁇ ⁇ 1) will be considered.
- the reflectance of the left interdigital electrode 4 is 7? (0 ⁇ ⁇ 1) and the reflectance of the right interdigital electrode 4 is ⁇ (0 ⁇ 1), and the attenuation of the surface acoustic wave during propagation is negligible.
- the surface acoustic wave W1 with energy ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ goes to the right and passes through the slider 3 to become a surface acoustic wave wl with energy ex P. Reflected to become surface acoustic wave W2 with energy ⁇ ⁇ .
- the surface acoustic passed W2 is a surface acoustic wave w2 next passes through the slider 3 energy gamma alpha 2 [rho, a surface acoustic wave W3 of the reflected by the left interdigital electrode 4 of Enerugi ⁇ ⁇ 2 ⁇ . Similarly, such reflection is repeated.
- ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 2 is 1, the energy PF, PR is given by the formula of the geometric series,
- the traveling wave component PH is energy that contributes to the movement of the slider 3
- the energy that does not contribute to the movement of the slider 3 is The relationship between a certain standing wave component PV, etc.
- the traveling wave component ⁇ and the standing wave component are adjusted by adjusting the transmittance ⁇ in addition to the reflectances r? And ⁇ .
- the ratio to PV can be set.
- the transmittance ex can be set by setting the preload ⁇ ⁇ applied by the preload applying means.
- the values of the reflectance ⁇ and the transmittance ⁇ are preferably set so that the energy PR force of the reflected wave WR is 0.5 to 0.98 times the energy PF of the traveling wave WF, If it is ⁇ , if 0.5 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 0.98, then!
- FIGS. 8A and 8B show the surface acoustic wave motor 1 of the fifth embodiment
- FIGS. 9A and 9B show the reflectivity of the unidirectional interdigital electrodes of the surface acoustic wave motor 1.
- the surface acoustic wave motor 1 of the present embodiment is such that the cross finger electrode 4 is a unidirectional cross finger electrode in the third and fourth embodiments described above.
- the cross finger electrode 4 includes a cross finger electrode 4a for exciting a surface acoustic wave and a reflecting electrode 4b for imparting unidirectionality. That is, the reflecting electrode 4b is provided outside the left and right crossed finger electrodes 4 in the third and fourth embodiments described above.
- the positional relationship between the left and right crossed finger electrodes 4, the external power sources VI and V2, and the switches SW1 and SW2 (not shown) connected thereto are the same as in the third and fourth embodiments described above.
- the reflection electrode 4b is a cross finger electrode configured in the same manner as the cross finger electrode 4a.
- the excitation cross finger electrode 4a Prior to the description of the reflection electrode 4b, the excitation cross finger electrode 4a will be described. The following description will be given with reference to the left interdigitated electrode 4 as shown in FIG. 8B. Assume that the crossed finger electrode 4a is symmetrical. There are two types of waves excited by the interdigitated electrode 4a: an elastic surface wave Wa traveling to the right side and a surface acoustic wave Wb traveling to the left side. The energy of each is equal to PZ2.
- the reflectance for the surface acoustic wave incident on the interdigitated electrode 4a is Ra
- the reflectance for the surface acoustic wave incident on the reflecting electrode 4b is Rb.
- the surface wave with a frequency of 28.9 MHz is 0.999
- a reflective electrode 4b having reflectivity is obtained.
- the reflectivity Ra of the interdigital electrode 4a for surface acoustic waves with a frequency of 28.9 MHz is about 0.20 according to FIG. 9A.
- the overall reflectance Rt of the interdigitated electrode 4 is
- Rt Ra + (l -Ra) (1— RaRb)
- the crossing finger electrode 4a and the reflecting electrode 4b in which the distance D and the number of sets m are set in this way are arranged on the surface acoustic wave substrate 2 with a predetermined distance therebetween, and the crossing finger electrode 4
- this distance becomes an integral multiple of the half wavelength of the surface acoustic wave excited by the interdigitated electrode 4a.
- the result shows that the admittance to the high-frequency current that drives the interdigitated electrode 4a is maximized.
- the distance between these electrodes 4a and 4b is substantially equal to an integral multiple of a half wavelength.
- the design of the left interdigitated electrode 4 is performed. The same design is applied to the right interdigitated electrode 4. However, the design of the right cross finger electrode 4 is different from the design of the left cross finger electrode 4 so that the traveling wave component PH described in the third and fourth embodiments can be obtained. To. This is because if the distance D between the left and right interdigitated electrodes 4 and the number of pairs m are the same, the reflectance Rt is 0.999 and the traveling wave component PH is greatly reduced. In the surface acoustic wave motor 1 that collects Because it becomes impossible to move.
- the interval D and the number m of sets are set as follows. That is, the resonance frequency of the right cross finger electrode 4a is set to a value at which the reflectance of the left cross finger electrode 4 becomes low, and the reflectivity of the right cross finger electrode 4a to the frequency of 28.9 MHz becomes low.
- the reflection electrode 4b preferably has a reflectance close to 1 with respect to the surface acoustic wave excited by the interdigital finger 4a as described above.
- the spacing D and the number of sets m are set so that the reflection electrode 4b has a reflectance close to 1 for a surface acoustic wave with a frequency of 28.64 MHz.
- the interval D is about 137.69 ⁇ m, and the thread length is 40.
- a reflective electrode 4b having a reflectivity of 0.999 with respect to an elastic surface wave having a frequency of 28.64 MHz is obtained.
- the left and right cross finger electrodes 4 are designed, and the frequency characteristics of the reflectivity Rt of the left cross finger electrode 4 and the reflectivity Ru of the right cross finger electrode 4 are as shown in FIG. 9B. become.
- a surface acoustic wave Wa traveling to the right side from the cross finger electrode 4a and a surface acoustic wave Wb traveling to the left side are generated.
- These surface acoustic waves Wa and Wb both have a frequency of 28.9 MHz and energy of PZ2.
- the surface acoustic wave Wb propagates as it is to the left end of the surface acoustic wave substrate 2 and becomes heat, which is wasted.
- the reflection electrode 4b since the reflection electrode 4b is provided, the surface acoustic wave Wb can be reflected and reflected in the right direction by the reflection electrode 4b and can be used effectively. Therefore, if the input power is the same, it is possible to excite a driving elastic surface wave having energy twice as large as that of the third and fourth embodiments. The same applies to the right crossed finger electrode 4.
- each cross finger electrode 4 has a different resonance frequency
- the right cross finger electrode 4 is excited by the left cross finger electrode 4.
- a surface acoustic wave having a wave component PH can be applied to the slider 3.
- the crossing electrode 4a for excitation and the electrode 4b for reflection are used.
- the crossed finger electrode 4 composed of a unidirectional electrode including the above, a surface acoustic wave for driving having approximately twice as much energy as that of the crossed finger electrode 4 of the third and fourth embodiments is excited.
- the slider 3 can be driven with lower power. Since the traveling wave component PH is suppressed from being reduced by the reflected wave by making the resonance frequency different in each interdigital finger electrode 4, the traveling wave component PH sufficient to move the slider 3 is obtained. It is done. Thus, in the surface acoustic wave motor 1 that performs multi-reflection type energy recovery, the slider 3 can be reliably moved.
- FIG. 10, FIG. 11, and FIG. 12A, 12B show other three types of configuration examples of the unidirectional cross finger electrode 4.
- the unidirectional cross finger electrode 4 shown in FIG. 10 includes an excitation cross finger electrode 4a and a reflection electrode 4b.
- the structure of the reflecting electrode 4b of the cross finger electrode 4 is the reflection made of the cross finger electrode in FIG. 8A. Unlike the electrode 4b, it is constituted by a ladder-like electrode.
- the electrode 43 having a reflective float potential is arranged between the individual electrodes of the pair of cross finger electrodes 42 and 43 having different polarities. Configured.
- the electrode 43 for reflection is composed of an angular U-shaped or I-shaped electrode group.
- the unidirectional cross finger electrode 4 shown in FIGS. 12A and 12B includes a pair of cross finger electrodes 41 and 42 having different polarities, which also have a pattern force of an aluminum thin film, for example, arranged at a predetermined interval.
- a reflection portion 40 made of a silicon oxide SiO film is provided in a surface region extending over a partial surface of each individual electrode portion of these electrodes and a partial surface of the surface acoustic wave substrate 2.
- FIG. 13 shows the reflectivity R of the collection finger electrode 5 of the surface acoustic wave motor 1 of the seventh embodiment
- FIGS. 14A and 14B show the reflectivity of the collection finger electrode 5 of the surface acoustic wave motor 1.
- FIGS. 15A to 15D and FIG. 16 show examples of the recovery cross finger electrode 5 of various structures and the adjustment of the impedance.
- the surface acoustic wave motor 1 of the present embodiment recovers the energy of the surface acoustic wave that is not used for driving the slider 3 by the reflection of the surface acoustic wave by the intersecting finger electrode 5 for recovery, resulting in lower power consumption (smaller input) ) To drive slider 3 (FIG. 1).
- the traveling wave component force S is reduced on the surface acoustic wave substrate 2, so that the slider 3 cannot be moved. Therefore, for example, a resistance is connected to the collecting interdigitated electrode 5 to change the impedance of the interdigitated electrode 5 to reduce the reflectivity, and a traveling wave of the surface acoustic wave is secured. You can move 3.
- a passive element such as a resistor, an inductor or a capacitor, or a combination thereof can be used. Also, like a ladder-like electrode, It is also possible to short-circuit between the different electrodes of the collecting cross finger electrode 5 so that the impedance value becomes zero.
- FIG. 13 shows an example of adjusting the reflectance.
- the horizontal axis represents the frequency of the voltage applied to the driving interdigital electrode 4 and the vertical axis represents the reflectance R of the collecting interdigital electrode 5.
- a curve rO represents the reflectance of the collecting interdigital electrode 5 with respect to a surface acoustic wave generated at 15 MHz, which is the resonance frequency of the driving interdigital electrode 4. In the case of this curve rO, the impedance adjustment of the collecting interdigitated electrode 5 is not performed.
- the number of comb teeth (electrode fingers) of the collection-use intersecting finger electrode 5 and the distance d of the equivalent reflecting surface are set so as to be totally reflected.
- FIG. 14A is a surface acoustic wave motor 1 including a driving cross finger electrode 4 provided so as to sandwich a slider 3 and a recovery cross finger electrode 5 provided outside the cross finger electrode 4.
- Connect the resistor (electrical circuit 15) for reflectance adjustment to the right crossing finger electrode 5 for recovery connect the external power supply V to the left driving crossing finger electrode 4, and move the slider 3 to the left. Shows movement.
- the surface acoustic wave WL traveling to the right is sufficiently superior to the surface acoustic wave WR traveling to the left, and a sufficiently large standing wave component PV and traveling wave component PH are obtained.
- the surface acoustic wave having the same can be given to the slider 3.
- FIG. 14B shows how the slider 3 is moved to the right by switching the connection between the electric circuit 15 and the external power supply V.
- FIG. 14A, 14B, FIG. 15 A, 15B, FIG. 16 the surface acoustic wave motor 1 shown in FIG. It is a reflective electrode that forms a cross finger electrode.
- the reflective electrode of FIG. 15B is an example of the structure shown in FIG.
- Each of the driving cross finger electrodes 4 in the surface acoustic wave motor 1 shown in FIGS. 15C and 15D has a structure for forming a unidirectional cross finger electrode.
- the former is an example of the structure shown in FIG. 11, and the latter is an example of the structure shown in FIG. 12A, 12B.
- [0138] In any of the above-described recovery cross-finger electrodes 5 (drive cross-finger electrode 4 in the case of FIG.
- the impedance for example, passive resistors such as resistors and inductors.
- An electric circuit 15 that also has element force is connected.
- the electrical circuit 15 is a resistor, it has an effect of adjusting the reflectance of the collecting interdigital electrode, and in the case of an inductor or a capacitor, the phase of the surface acoustic wave reflected by the collecting interdigital electrode 5 is adjusted. There is work. In the latter case, the distance d of the equivalent reflecting surface can be adjusted.
- the crossing finger electrode 4 for driving in FIG. 15A and the like of this embodiment is imitated as the crossing finger electrode 4a of FIG. 8A in the fifth embodiment, and the collecting crossing finger electrode 5 is also the same as that of FIG. FIG. 8A reflection electrode 4b in the embodiment of 5 can be imitated.
- FIG. 17A and 17B connect the inductor L and capacitor C to the crossed finger electrode 4 composed of a pair of crossed finger electrodes 41 and 42 having different polarities, and the phase of the surface acoustic wave reflected by the crossed finger electrode 4 is changed. Show how it changes. In this case, the phase change is caused by a change in the position of the reflecting surface.
- the ability to change the position of the reflecting surface means that the distance d between the equivalent reflecting surfaces described in the third embodiment (FIG. 5A) can be adjusted after forming the pattern of the interdigitated electrodes.
- FIGS. 18A and 18B show how the moving direction of the slider 3 is switched by the switches SW1 and SW2 in the surface acoustic wave motor 1 of the ninth embodiment. Similar to the surface acoustic wave motor 1 shown in FIG. 15A of the fifth embodiment, the surface acoustic wave motor 1 of the present embodiment recovers energy by multiple reflection. Only the characteristic points of this embodiment will be described.
- the surface acoustic wave motor 1 has the driving interdigital fingers 4 provided before and after the surface acoustic wave for driving the surface S of the surface acoustic wave substrate 2 in the traveling direction.
- a switch SW1 that selectively connects the external power supply V to one of the electrodes 4 and a switch SW2 that selectively connects one of the pair of recovery finger electrodes 5 to the electrical circuit 15 are provided. ing. With these switches SW1 and SW2, the traveling direction of the driving surface acoustic wave can be switched, and the moving direction of the slider 3 can be switched. Also, one external power source V can be used to generate surface acoustic waves for driving.
- FIG. 19A, 19B, FIG. 20 show the surface acoustic wave motor 1 of the tenth embodiment.
- the surface acoustic wave motor 1 uses a plurality of collecting interdigitated electrodes 5 in the ninth embodiment described above.
- the driving cross finger electrodes 4 that are not connected to an external power source are also used as the collecting cross finger electrodes.
- the electrical circuits 15 and 16 for impedance adjustment are connected to the plurality of intersecting finger electrodes 5 for recovery, respectively.
- three switches SW1, SW2, and SW3 are provided, and the switching direction of slider 3 can be switched by switching these switches.
- a Photo-MOS relay with a fast response speed is suitable.
- FIGS. 21A and 21B show a surface acoustic wave motor 1 according to an eleventh embodiment.
- the surface acoustic wave motor 1 is such that the switches SW1 and SW2 are reduced to one in the ninth embodiment described above. That is, in the surface acoustic wave motor 1, the driving cross finger electrode 4 is disposed between the pair of recovery cross finger electrodes 5, and both are connected to the external power supply V without the switch. Further, the traveling direction of the surface acoustic wave for driving can be switched by selectively connecting the electric circuit 15 by using the switch SW for the V deviation of the pair of collecting interdigital electrodes 5. Since the surface acoustic wave motor 1 does not switch the external power supply V! /, The traveling direction of the slider 3 can be switched by a single switch SW to reciprocate.
- FIG. 22 shows a surface acoustic wave motor 1 according to a twelfth embodiment.
- the surface acoustic wave motor 1 of the present embodiment is, for example, the surface acoustic wave motor 1 having the FIG. 15A structure of the seventh embodiment described above, with the impedance of the electric circuit 15 being variable, This enables real-time control of the traveling direction.
- the impedance of the electric circuit 15 is adjusted to control the movement of the slider 3.
- R is the resistance value due to the variable resistor
- X is the reactance value due to the variable capacitor or the variable inductor.
- An example in which the resistance R is adjusted and controlled is shown in the thirteenth embodiment, and an example in which the reactance X is adjusted and controlled is shown in the fourteenth embodiment.
- FIG. 23 shows a control block of the surface acoustic wave motor 1 of the thirteenth embodiment.
- the surface acoustic wave motor 1 according to the embodiment more specifically shows real-time control of the slider 3 in the twelfth embodiment.
- the surface acoustic wave motor 1 includes a speed detection device 12 that detects the relative speed V of the slider 3 with respect to the surface acoustic wave substrate 2, a speed input device 13 that inputs a target moving speed ⁇ of the slider 3, and a speed detection device 12.
- a feedback device 14 that performs feedback control to change the impedance of the electric circuit 15 that also has a passive element force so that the detected relative velocity V and the target moving velocity ⁇ input by the velocity input device 13 coincide with each other. Yes.
- the impedance to be changed in this embodiment is the resistance R.
- the reflectance of the collecting interdigital electrode 5 is adjusted by resistance, and the magnitude of the traveling wave component PH for moving the slider 3 is controlled. can do.
- the speed control of the slider 3 can also be performed by changing the amplitude and pulse width of the voltage output from the external power supply V.
- the speed of the slider 3 can be easily controlled in real time by changing the resistance component of the electric circuit 15 without adjusting the external power supply V.
- the surface acoustic wave motor 1 including the electric circuit 15 having variable impedance, particularly resistance is used in the first operation after being assembled.
- the target driving force, speed, and vibration distribution of the surface acoustic wave are obtained. It is adjusted by adjusting the impedance so that Further, if real-time control as described above is possible, it is possible to cope with deterioration of driving characteristics such as a reduction in speed and driving force that occurs while the surface acoustic wave motor 1 is operated for a long time.
- Measure the moving speed V of the slider 3 in real time detect the inferior drive characteristics due to the decrease, and correct the decrease in speed by adjusting the resistance R, especially the impedance Z Can do.
- the deterioration of the driving characteristics may be wear of the contact portion of the slider 3 with the surface acoustic wave substrate 2, but is not limited thereto.
- FIG. 24 shows a control block of the surface acoustic wave motor 1 of the fourteenth embodiment.
- the surface acoustic wave motor 1 of the present embodiment more specifically shows the real-time control of the slider 3 in the twelfth embodiment, as in the thirteenth embodiment.
- List of elasticity The surface wave motor 1 includes a phase difference detection device 16 that detects a difference ⁇ between the phase ⁇ ⁇ of the voltage waveform for generating the surface acoustic wave of the external power source V force and the phase of the surface acoustic wave actually generated for driving,
- the phase difference input device 13 that inputs the target phase difference ⁇ 0 matches the phase difference 0 detected by the phase difference detection device 16 and the target phase difference 0 0 input by the phase difference input device 13.
- a feedback device 14 that performs feedback control to change the impedance of the electric circuit 15.
- the impedance to be changed in this embodiment is reactance X.
- the surface acoustic wave reflected by the collecting interdigitated electrode 5 is adjusted by adjusting the boundary conditions using the inductor L and the capacitor C. And the magnitude of the traveling wave component PH for moving the slider 3 can be controlled.
- the surface acoustic wave motor 1 including the electric circuit 15 with variable impedance, particularly reactance has a target driving force, speed, and surface acoustic wave during the first assembled operation. It is adjusted by adjusting the reactance so that the vibration distribution can be obtained. If real-time control as described above is possible, the phase shift of the surface acoustic wave that occurs while the surface acoustic wave motor 1 is operating for a long time is measured in real time, and the phase shift By detecting the deterioration of the drive characteristics and adjusting the reactance X among the impedance Z, it is possible to correct the phase shift and correct the decrease in the slider 3 speed.
- the phase shift is not limited to the force generated mainly by the variation in the preload N applied to the slider 3. Variations in the preload N may be due to deterioration of the preload application means, for example, deterioration of the spring that generates the preload N, or deterioration of the magnet.
- the present invention is not limited to the above configuration, and various modifications can be made.
- the surface acoustic wave motor 1 can be configured by combining the individual contents of the above-described embodiments.
Landscapes
- General Electrical Machinery Utilizing Piezoelectricity, Electrostriction Or Magnetostriction (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007510471A JP4733111B2 (ja) | 2005-03-28 | 2006-03-27 | 弾性表面波モータ |
| EP06730025A EP1870998A4 (en) | 2005-03-28 | 2006-03-27 | SUPERFICIAL ACOUSTIC WAVE MOTOR |
| CN2006800104184A CN101151794B (zh) | 2005-03-28 | 2006-03-27 | 声表面波马达 |
| US11/910,047 US7615909B2 (en) | 2005-03-28 | 2006-03-27 | Surface acoustic wave motor |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005091019 | 2005-03-28 | ||
| JP2005-091019 | 2005-03-28 | ||
| JP2005209150 | 2005-07-19 | ||
| JP2005-209150 | 2005-07-19 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2006104070A1 true WO2006104070A1 (ja) | 2006-10-05 |
Family
ID=37053328
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2006/306077 Ceased WO2006104070A1 (ja) | 2005-03-28 | 2006-03-27 | 弾性表面波モータ |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7615909B2 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP1870998A4 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP4733111B2 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN101151794B (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2006104070A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8125120B2 (en) * | 2008-02-15 | 2012-02-28 | Nikon Corporation | Vibration device, antidust device, camera, vibration device inspection method, method for manufacturing vibration device and vibration method |
| CN102196866B (zh) * | 2008-10-24 | 2014-08-06 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | 弹性表面波雾化装置 |
| DE102008057389B4 (de) | 2008-11-14 | 2011-03-17 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Transport eines Objekts über eine Oberfläche |
| JP5458300B2 (ja) * | 2009-02-09 | 2014-04-02 | 公立大学法人横浜市立大学 | 微細構造物の蒸着装置及び方法 |
| JP5638777B2 (ja) * | 2009-08-03 | 2014-12-10 | 国立大学法人埼玉大学 | 超音波発生装置及び超音波発生方法 |
| JP5903858B2 (ja) * | 2011-12-06 | 2016-04-13 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | 電子部品搬送装置及び電子部品検査装置 |
| WO2013082644A1 (en) * | 2011-12-07 | 2013-06-13 | Royal Melbourne Institute Of Technology | Centrifugal microfluidic device |
| GB2518136B (en) * | 2013-07-22 | 2016-09-14 | Echovista Gmbh | Ultrasonically clearing precipitation |
| US10147783B2 (en) * | 2017-03-20 | 2018-12-04 | Globalfoundries Inc. | On-chip capacitors with floating islands |
| CN110147050B (zh) * | 2018-06-06 | 2021-07-06 | 北京纳米能源与系统研究所 | 一种监控系统 |
| CN113839646B (zh) * | 2021-09-29 | 2024-04-09 | 北京超材信息科技有限公司 | 声表面波装置阻抗匹配器 |
| CN114894259B (zh) * | 2022-06-09 | 2025-05-16 | 上海迅音科技有限公司 | 漏波换能器及漏波流量传感系统 |
| CN118590816A (zh) * | 2024-07-23 | 2024-09-03 | 浙江师范大学 | 一种基于表面声波驱动磁斯格明子袋移动的装置和方法 |
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| JPH09233865A (ja) * | 1996-02-26 | 1997-09-05 | Kagaku Gijutsu Shinko Jigyodan | 弾性表面波モータ |
| JPH09322573A (ja) * | 1996-03-29 | 1997-12-12 | Tdk Corp | 表面弾性波アクチュエータ及びその製造方法 |
| JPH11146665A (ja) * | 1997-11-06 | 1999-05-28 | Japan Science & Technology Corp | 弾性表面波モータの駆動装置 |
| JP2001238473A (ja) * | 2000-02-23 | 2001-08-31 | Minolta Co Ltd | 弾性表面波モータ |
| JP2001359287A (ja) * | 2000-06-12 | 2001-12-26 | Minolta Co Ltd | 弾性表面波光学素子 |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5006749A (en) * | 1989-10-03 | 1991-04-09 | Regents Of The University Of California | Method and apparatus for using ultrasonic energy for moving microminiature elements |
| AU7824000A (en) * | 1999-06-17 | 2001-01-09 | Penn State Research Foundation, The | Micro-electro-mechanical gyroscope |
| US6665708B1 (en) * | 1999-11-12 | 2003-12-16 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Coarse grained determination of data dependence between parallel executed jobs in an information processing system |
| CN1643770A (zh) * | 2002-03-15 | 2005-07-20 | 皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司 | 用于移动可动元件的表面波动马达和方法 |
| JP2004215389A (ja) * | 2002-12-27 | 2004-07-29 | Victor Co Of Japan Ltd | 弾性表面波アクチュエータ及び弾性表面波アクチュエータを適用した偏向器 |
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2006
- 2006-03-27 JP JP2007510471A patent/JP4733111B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-03-27 CN CN2006800104184A patent/CN101151794B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-03-27 EP EP06730025A patent/EP1870998A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-03-27 WO PCT/JP2006/306077 patent/WO2006104070A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2006-03-27 US US11/910,047 patent/US7615909B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| JPH09233865A (ja) * | 1996-02-26 | 1997-09-05 | Kagaku Gijutsu Shinko Jigyodan | 弾性表面波モータ |
| JPH09322573A (ja) * | 1996-03-29 | 1997-12-12 | Tdk Corp | 表面弾性波アクチュエータ及びその製造方法 |
| JPH11146665A (ja) * | 1997-11-06 | 1999-05-28 | Japan Science & Technology Corp | 弾性表面波モータの駆動装置 |
| JP2001238473A (ja) * | 2000-02-23 | 2001-08-31 | Minolta Co Ltd | 弾性表面波モータ |
| JP2001359287A (ja) * | 2000-06-12 | 2001-12-26 | Minolta Co Ltd | 弾性表面波光学素子 |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US7615909B2 (en) | 2009-11-10 |
| US20080252171A1 (en) | 2008-10-16 |
| CN101151794B (zh) | 2012-05-23 |
| EP1870998A4 (en) | 2010-11-24 |
| EP1870998A1 (en) | 2007-12-26 |
| JP4733111B2 (ja) | 2011-07-27 |
| CN101151794A (zh) | 2008-03-26 |
| JPWO2006104070A1 (ja) | 2008-09-04 |
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