Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
  • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
  • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
  • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
  • F23G5/006—General arrangement of incineration plant, e.g. flow sheets
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
  • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
  • F23J15/006—Layout of treatment plant
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
  • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
  • F23G2201/60—Separating
  • F23G2201/603—Separating recyclable material
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
  • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
  • F23G2201/80—Shredding
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
  • F23J2217/00—Intercepting solids
  • F23J2217/50—Intercepting solids by cleaning fluids (washers or scrubbers)

Definitions

• the present invention patent of thermal oxidation process and chemical treatment for mineralization garbage.
• the garbage clinical is constituted in general by residues, produced in clinicals, pharmacies, laboratories, put of health and veterinary clinics, formed mainly by syringes, needles, gloves, gauzes, bandage, organs and woven removed, films of X-Ray, due medications, finally, whole type of septic material potentially contagious.
• the commercial garbage is originated from establishments as: banks, offices, supermarkets, stores etc. Its main components are the paper and the plastic, called with packings of the most varied types.
• the industrial is the type of more varied garbage, could consist of ashes to toxicant residues as: acids, fibers, rubbers, metallic scums, glasses and ceramic. Companies specialized in the purchase of those residues exist, in which the same ones are recycled, or just separate and sold for another companies.
• the garbage urban-homes it is originated in the daily life of the residences.
• the main representatives are: newspapers, magazines, remains of victuals, packings in general, plastics, hygienic paper, feminine disposable, absorbent diapers, electric piles, lamps, finally, material of the people's daily use.
• the garbage urban-homes specifically the organic, is the ideal for the mineralization process, even so the other garbage types can also be mineralized, except for the clinical's garbage, that it should not be recycled, but incinerated completely.
• thermal oxidation To the chemical reaction that generates thermal and luminous energy starting from the heating of a substance to high temperatures in middle with excess of oxygen (or air) gives the name thermal oxidation.
• the fertilizer is obtained basically by means of the mixture of organic matters that are good exclusively as vehicle to transport nutritious salts that will nurture the vegetable.
• the fertilizer production takes place by means of fermentations aerobics and anaerobic of the garbage.
• the document BRPI 61.601 also refers to the transformation of the garbage and homemade debris in fertilizers, by means of the grind of the raw material and composition of the same, in controlled temperature, in contact with a gas oxidizer, being the same fermented naturally (fermentation aerobics).
• Another conventional processing of treatment of the urban garbage is that accomplished by means of the calcination of the same, for obtaining of fuel and fertilizer. In that process, it happens a complete combustion and it burns of the whole matter, transforming the elements and substances in burns' residual products, denominated basic oxides.
• the document BRPI 8108660 for its time, describes a device and a process of treatment of the homemade garbage, for the dehydration of the organic matter and of the urban residues, by means of the compression of the same and posterior it burns of the material dehydrated by the liberation of the combustible gases and obtaining of the coke in form of ingots.
• the equipment described in the document of the German patent 4239305 AL also accomplishes a process of it burns of the urban garbage for formation of nutritious residues, with objective for fertilization of vegetables.
• the reference to the term " nutrients" should be understood as meaning any salts, such as: nitrates, phosphates, sulphates, carbonates, chloride etc., capable to nurture the vegetable through its absorption for the structure of the same.
• the term “basic”, alkaline “oxides” or “ ashes” will be used as synonym of resulting residue of the incineration of the organic matter.
• the incineration method the most efficient was already considered to eliminate the garbage, be him of domestic, industrial origin or clinical. However, with the progress of the industrialization, the nature of the garbage started to suffer drastic changes.
• the production in mass of chemical and plastic products turns, nowadays, the elimination through burns by incineration, a complex process, of high cost and highly pollutant.
• the incineration is proposed as an alternative, so much for sanitary embankments of domestic garbage as for industrial embankments for inert or toxicant residues. All the embankment types present limited time of useful life, besides the maintenance cost. In the case of special embankments for toxicant residues, the costs are still higher, due to the risks of contamination that the industrial embankment should avoid.
• the incineration of residues generates gaseous and ash emissions contaminated entirely with heavy metals, chemical products of incomplete combustion and chemical compositions new, formed during the process of it burns.
• the ashes are generally taken for embankments, with variable levels of safety, or worse, they are simply thrown in the middle-atmosphere without the smallest care. Therefore, with the incineration, the industry found a way to decrease the volume of the garbage and to release it for the middle-atmosphere by means of emissions for the air, for the water and the disposition in the soil of those polluted ashes.
• the incineration comes as it is, in fact: a convenient way for exempt of the responsibility, for which the industry chews the current problem of the garbage and transfers it for the future generations.
• the combustion in high temperature liberates more toxicant metals, as the lead, the cadmium, the arsenic, the mercury and the chromium, even in if being about the incineration of stable materials as the plastics. They are liberated in the form of minuscule particles or gases, increasing the risk to the health for the inhalation of those polluting substances.
• a commercial incinerator of medium size capable to burn 32.000 tons of garbage a year of industrial residues, it can emit metals weighed for the air in a rate of approximately 92 tons a year, even if the residue just contains medium amounts of metals.
• Other 304 tons a year of metals they will be incorporate in ashes and residual liquids.
• Equipments of pollution control can remove some types of metals of the emissions, but nor everybody the heavy metals can be eliminated with safety of the gases of the chimneys. Nevertheless, the metals don't disappear completely, because they are transferred merely of the air for the ashes, or for the filters, which end, later on, Scotland.
• the dioxines is generated when materials, contends chlorine, they are burned. They don't present commercial use and they are associated to an extensive spectrum of harmful effects to the health, such as: development of sexual alterations, masculine and feminine reproductive problems, suppression of the system immunological, diabetes, organic noxiousness, besides a wide range of effects on the hormones.
• the dioxines can travel long distances in the air and in the oceanic currents, promoting a global contamination.
• IARC International Agency of research of Cancer
• the dioxines is liberated in the middle-atmosphere by means of gases of chimneys of the incinerators, in flying " ashes " or soots, and in the effluents of devices pollution controllers.
• Researches suggest that resident people in United States and in some European countries, nowadays, they carry dioxines and furanos in its body, in very high levels, getting to reach a concentration level where the harmful effects to the health human undoubtedly happen, until could be lethal.
• a medium incinerator capable to burn about 32.000 tons of garbage a year, it will receive more than 1.500 dump trucks with garbage shipment a year, or more than 28 trucks a week.
• a correct way for the reutilization of the garbage is still the selective collection, that it depends on specialized entities that instruct the population, distribute appropriate recipients so that each individual, in its residence, separate the garbage in the main categories: glass, paper, plastic, metals and organic garbage.
• the own Municipal City hall takes charge of that work, obtaining the relative financial return to the material that is reused.
• the system of wakes carriers is used, in which the pickers removes manually what is profitable. That represents a better degree of use in relation to the " big garbage " where it just gathers the garbage, which is spread later by heavy tractors.
• the composition process biological process of decomposition of the organic matter, can be applied where the final product can be taken advantage of as organic fertilizer.
• the organic fractions are taken to patios and disposed in piles of varied sizes, that they are frequently revolved, with aid of tractors, shovels or automatic removers, during a medium period of 4 to 6 months.
• the process can be accelerated pipes perforated for aeration under the piles being used.
• sanitary embankments are a technique of disposition of urban solid residues in the soil, minimizing the environmental impacts and risks to the public health. In that process a located pollution is had, where the residues are confined in cameras covered with inert material (usually the own soil). In the embankment, the soil should totally be compacted in the base of the embankment, what turns it impermeable avoiding, like this, the penetration of the leachate for the water table. It reminds that leachate is the term used to refer to the coming cloudy dark liquid of the storage and rest of the garbage. Its chemical composition is variable, depending a lot on the type of garbage deposit.
• the present privilege request therefore, refers to the installation for mineralization of the garbage and, more particularly, to the technique for the obtaining of nutritious salts, without there is the need of some treatment type after the process so that the final product, which is a saline mixture, be incorporated to the soil under the form of rich fertilizer in mineral salts.
• Other characteristics notables of the proposed process aim that he doesn't request great areas for storage of the garbage or of composed organic and it doesn't produce harmful effluents to the human health or the middle-atmosphere.
• the Illustration 1 illustrates, in a schematic way and without scale, the phase of recycling of the process here proposed, from the discharge of the dump truck collector to the entrance of the organic material inside of the oven incinerator.
• the Illustration 2 illustrates, also in a schematic way and without scale, the process of mineralization of the garbage, starting from the incineration until the exit of the products.
• the arrows indicate the sense of the flow of the process.
• the Illustration 3 illustrates the representative diagram of blocks of the flow of the several substances involved in the process, breaking of the garbage, showing all the intermediary by-products and the final products.
• the square elements of the illustration represent the intermediary compositions
• the rectangular elements represent the final products
• the circular elements represent the stages of the process.
• the carbon is a fundamental chemical element for survival of the vegetables. That element is absorbed by them, or by means of the photosynthesis process, or for the rootses of the plants by means of the decomposition microbiological accomplished by humus, or then, in the residues of the it burns of organic matter, where there is formation of nutrients and, finally, by means of the nutritious salts dissolved in the water and absorbed by the rootses of the plants.
• the privilege request here proposed it uses a new technique and improved for the mineralization of the garbage, that already overcomes the problems pointed, caused by the incineration, transforming all the organic residues in rich mineral, nutritious salts in nitrogen, match and potassium, that can be immediately incorporated to the soil without treatment or posterior benefit.
• the garbage properly transported by trucks collectors, it is drained in appropriate place or directly in a drum turn over. That drum turn over disaggregate the garbage, tearing the plastic sacks and disaggregating compacted garbage clods and it doses the resulting mass in layers, in appropriate way to the selection.
• the garbage is distributed evenly by the whole surface of a take wake, to facilitate the screen. That wake transports the garbage disaggregating through the take positions, facilitating, in a hygienic way and it holds, the selection and the retreat manual of the materials recycled.
• the amount of material recyclable, for an industry of any capacity represents, on the average, about 20% of the weight, and he/she enters those materials you recycled they are included:
• the leftoverses after the recycling (about 80% in form of organic material) they are guided to the mill crusher, that breaks into fragments the organic garbage, with the purpose of reducing its granulometry to improve the mineralization process and to obtain high revenue due to the bass potency consumption.
• the grind operation when made correctly, it guarantees the accomplishment of the process here proposed, therefore, when the garbage mass presents a correct granulometry, it is obtained better revenue of the mineralization.
• another rising crawler transports the organic residues triturated for a gutter, according to a certain ascending angle, introducing that material inside of an oven incinerator through a tilt-up door placed to the medium height of the same. That oven, before receiving the mass of triturated garbage, is preheat to a temperature of about 1.000 0 C.
• the transformation phase begins.
• the material inside of the oven incinerator has beginning the mineralization process, with temperature controlled among 1.100 0 C and 1.200 0 C, that it is the strip of ideal temperature to obtain the mineralization of the organic garbage.
• the smoke generated by that burns it is captured by a tubing installed in the superior part of the oven incinerator.
• the gases, vapors and particles in suspension, coming of the incineration they are guided for a sequence of washing tanks, for forced exhaustion, of bass upward.
• water alkaline is introduced under pressure. This water, in contact with the sheets of turbines is spread in the interior under atomized form.
• the ashes are also correspondents for the equalization tank, where the pH of the mixture will be controlled through equipments and specific software, resulting like this in new chemical reactions, that result in the formation of salts.
• the mixture is a correspondent for decantation tanks.
• organochlorines doesn't exist in the effluents of the same. That is due to the high temperature of the oven incinerator, that, as it was said, it varies between 1.100 and 1.200 0 C, being controlled by thermal relay, always staying excess of oxygen during it burns it, besides a constant and permanent whirlwind inside the oven. In those temperature conditions and in the appropriate time, all and any organic matter will be degraded to the state of oxides.
• a camera of it powder-burns located soon below the tubes of exit of gases and vapor of water guarantees the incineration of residues of organic matter that eventually escape from the first camera.
• the composed organochlorines is typical products of the raw material incineration in chlorine as, for example, the polivinila chloride (PVC).
• PVC polivinila chloride
• blowers of air exists to guarantee an excess of oxygen and a perfect incineration (oxidation) of the organic matter.
• Those blowers are installed in such a way that the flow of air tangency the internal walls of the oven incinerator, provoking the whirlwind of the gases mass and coming vapors of the it burns. That whirlwind provokes a larger mixture degree and contact among the reagents molecules, besides increasing the time of permanence of the gases and vapors of the combustion inside the oven incinerator. With that, they are observed 3 " Ts " of the perfect incineration: temperature, whirlwind and time of residence.
• the mineralization process here proposed it allows the reduction of the volume of the garbage in a substantial way, of the order from 95 to 97%, thanks to the cash controls of it burns to high temperatures and of the selection of the materials to incinerate, in way, on one side, to avoid the furanos formation and dioxines and, of other, to guarantee a good quality of the produced fertilizers.
• the generated gases are composed basically by nitrogen, dioxines of carbon, sulfur and vapor of water, being Adopted an excess of air of about 30%, a relationship of 10,31 m3 of combustion gases is generated by kilogram of burned garbage, what picks the dilution of the combustion gases on the own nitrogen of the used air.
• the mineralized garbage brings advantages, as: for the fact of not being fermented, it is not polluted; it can be incorporated immediately to the soil and it doesn't request posterior correction of acidity degree; the nutrients are concentrated, while, in the organic composition, they are diluted.
• the Illustration 1 illustrates, in a schematic way the flow of the process that intends to patent, in its recycling phase.
• the garbage collected by a dump truck (1) it is transferred, for gravity, for the drum turn over (2), that disaggregate the garbage, doses and it feeds the recycling process, addressing the material for the catch wake (3), from where the materials recycled they are selected and removed manually.
• the material under the form of organic garbage, it drops, for gravity, inside of a mill crusher (4), that it breaks into fragments the material, adapting its granulometry.
• the triturated material drops on a rise wake (5) that transports the material until an opening in the oven incinerator (6).
• the Illustration 2 illustrates, also in schematic way, the phase of process mineralization.
• the material is burned inside of the oven incinerator (6) to a temperature between 1.100 and 1.200 0 C.
• the produced ashes are deposited in the inferior part of the same oven and the smoke is captured by the tubing of collection of gases (7), installed in the superior part of the same oven and it is addressed for the inferior part of a battery of washing tanks (8), that communicate by means of exit tubes of washed gases (9).
• washing tanks the tubing of water alkaline entrance is installed (10), coming of the reservoir of water alkaline (11).
• the Illustration 3 exhibition, in blocks of diagram form, the total flow of process, with its stages, intermediary components and final products.
• the garbage (23), collected by the dump truck (1) it is thrown in the drum turn over (2) and distributed on the catch wake (3), from where, after having selected, they are manually retired the materials you recycled (24).
• the material is prepared for the mineralization phase, going by the mill crusher (4) and, by means of the rise wake (5) it is introduced, in the granulated organic garbage form (25) in an opening of the oven incinerator (6).

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
• Fertilizers (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (2)

Family

ID=37308331

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (2)

Cited By (1)

Family Cites Families (2)

• 2005
  • 2005-05-03 BR BRPI0501560 patent/BRPI0501560A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
• 2006
  • 2006-05-03 WO PCT/BR2006/000087 patent/WO2006116831A2/en not_active Ceased

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events