WO2006129756A1 - 非水電解質二次電池用電極、非水電解質二次電池、ならびに、これを搭載した自動車、電動工具もしくは定置型機器 - Google Patents
非水電解質二次電池用電極、非水電解質二次電池、ならびに、これを搭載した自動車、電動工具もしくは定置型機器 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006129756A1 WO2006129756A1 PCT/JP2006/310993 JP2006310993W WO2006129756A1 WO 2006129756 A1 WO2006129756 A1 WO 2006129756A1 JP 2006310993 W JP2006310993 W JP 2006310993W WO 2006129756 A1 WO2006129756 A1 WO 2006129756A1
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- positive electrode
- negative electrode
- active material
- electrode mixture
- mixture layer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
- B60L50/64—Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/133—Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery suitable as a driving power source for vehicles such as electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles, electric tools, stationary devices, and the like, and more specifically, for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries.
- the present invention relates to control of pore volume distribution of electrodes.
- Secondary batteries mounted on electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles are required to have a high level of high-load pulse input / output characteristics.
- the secondary battery needs to power assist the engine when starting, starting and accelerating the vehicle. Therefore, the ability to output a large amount of energy in a short time of about 10 seconds is required for several seconds.
- the vehicle decelerates it is necessary to efficiently recover the regenerative energy in the secondary battery.
- Electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles are assumed to be used in various parts of the world. Since secondary batteries mounted on vehicles are expected to be exposed to environmental temperatures that are wide at high temperatures and low temperatures, good battery characteristics are required in a wide temperature range.
- the low temperature range is 10 ° C ⁇ 30 ° C! Even in such an environment, high-level input / output characteristics are required.
- an electrode plate that is, a low porosity electrode plate
- an active material that is, a battery
- the ion diffusivity in the electrode plate tends to decrease.
- ions cannot move smoothly, the ion concentration in the electrode plate gradually decreases, and a stable charge / discharge reaction cannot be performed.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-173821
- the solute concentration of the nonaqueous electrolyte needs to be about 1.5 molZdm 3 or more.
- the solute concentration increases and exceeds the concentration that gives the conductivity peak, the resistance of the non-aqueous electrolyte increases.
- the improvement of the solute concentration is effective in the case of continuous charge / discharge for a long time, but the voltage drop due to the resistance of the nonaqueous electrolyte occurs in the short-time pulse charge / discharge. As a result, the battery voltage changes greatly, and the pulse output characteristics deteriorate.
- the material cost will increase when a high solute concentration, non-aqueous electrolyte is used.
- an object of the present invention is to obtain favorable battery characteristics by controlling the pore volume distribution of the electrode for a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
- the present invention comprises a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode mixture layer carried on the positive electrode current collector, the positive electrode mixture layer includes a positive electrode active material, the positive electrode active material includes a lithium-containing composite oxide,
- the peak pore diameter of the positive electrode mixture layer is 0.7 m or less, and the pore volume of the positive electrode mixture layer is the positive electrode active material.
- Per unit weight of, 0. 05cm 3 Zg above relates to 0. 3 cm 3 Zg positive electrode in which a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries below.
- the peak pore diameter of the positive electrode mixture layer is preferably 0.5 / zm or less.
- the present invention includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode mixture layer supported thereon, the negative electrode mixture layer including a negative electrode active material, the negative electrode active material including a carbon material, and a negative electrode mixture
- the peak pore diameter of the layer is 0.7 m or less, and the pore volume of the negative electrode mixture layer is 0.2 cm 3 / g or more, 0.4 cm 3 / g per unit weight of the negative electrode active material. It also relates to the following negative electrode for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries.
- the peak pore diameter of the negative electrode mixture layer is preferably 0.5 m or less.
- the present invention also includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the positive electrode includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode mixture layer supported on the positive electrode current collector.
- the positive electrode mixture layer includes a positive electrode active layer.
- the positive electrode active material includes a lithium-containing composite oxide, the positive electrode mixture layer has a peak pore size of 0.7 m or less, and the positive electrode mixture layer has a pore volume of the positive electrode active material per unit weight, 0. 05c m 3 / g or more, 0. 3cm 3 / g or less is the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery relating to (cell A).
- the present invention also includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the negative electrode includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode mixture layer supported on the negative electrode current collector.
- the negative electrode mixture layer includes a negative electrode active layer.
- the negative electrode active material includes a carbon material, the negative electrode mixture layer has a peak pore size of 0.7 m or less, and the negative electrode mixture layer has a pore volume per unit weight of the negative electrode active material.
- the present invention relates to a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery (battery B) having a concentration of 0.2 cm 3 Zg or more and 0.4 cm 3 Zg or less.
- the present invention also includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the positive electrode includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode mixture layer supported on the positive electrode current collector.
- the positive electrode mixture layer includes a positive electrode active layer.
- the positive electrode active material includes a lithium-containing composite oxide, the positive electrode mixture layer has a peak pore size of 0.7 m or less, and the positive electrode mixture layer has a pore volume of the positive electrode active material per unit weight, 0.
- negative electrode comprises a negative electrode current collector and the negative electrode mixture layer carried on this negative electrode mixture layer, the negative electrode active
- the negative electrode active material includes a carbon material, the negative electrode mixture layer has a peak pore size of 0.7 m or less, and the negative electrode mixture layer has a pore volume per unit weight of the negative electrode active material.
- the present invention relates to a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery (battery C) that is 0.2 cm 3 / g or more and 0.4 cm 3 / g or less.
- the present invention further relates to an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle comprising a vehicle and a battery A, B, or C mounted on the vehicle for driving the vehicle.
- the present invention further relates to a power tool including a device and a battery A, B, or C for driving the device, and a stationary device such as an elevator.
- the present invention includes a case where the battery A, B or C power functions as a backup power source for a stationary device.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte force in the cell router is sufficient for supplying ions to the periphery of the active material. It is thought that it is developing minutely. Therefore, ions necessary for the charge / discharge reaction are uniformly supplied to the active material, and a good charge / discharge reaction is possible.
- ions necessary for the charge / discharge reaction can be supplied to the positive electrode active material without shortage. Is done.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery having good battery characteristics, particularly good pulse output characteristics can be obtained. Therefore, a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery suitable for high output applications such as for hybrid vehicles can be obtained.
- FIG. 1 is a conceptual cross-sectional view of an example of an electrode of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a conceptual cross-sectional view of an example of a conventional electrode.
- FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of an example of a cylindrical nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing patterns of charge pulses and discharge pulses applied to a battery in an experiment for obtaining a current-voltage characteristic diagram.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing current-voltage characteristics on the charging side.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing current-voltage characteristics on the discharge side.
- FIG. 7 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the peak pore diameter of the positive electrode according to the example and the output value of the battery at 25 ° C.
- FIG. 8 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the peak pore diameter of the negative electrode according to the example and the input value of the battery at 25 ° C.
- FIG. 1 is a conceptual cross-sectional view of an example of the electrode of the present invention.
- the electrode 10 includes a current collector 11 and an electrode mixture layer 12 supported thereon.
- the electrode mixture layer 12 is filled with active material particles 13 at a certain density.
- active material particles 13 Around the active material particles 13, pores (voids) 14 having a small pore diameter are uniformly present. Such pores 14 provide a good supply path for supplying the nonaqueous electrolyte (ions) to the active material particles 13.
- FIG. 2 is a conceptual cross-sectional view of an example of a conventional electrode.
- the electrode 20 also includes a current collector 21 and an electrode mixture layer 22 supported thereon, and the electrode mixture layer 22 is filled with active material particles 23 non-uniformly.
- the packing density of the active material particles 23 in the electrode mixture layer 22 is equal to the packing density of the active material particles 13 in the electrode mixture layer 12. That is, the area showing the pores 14 in FIG. 1 is equal to the area showing the pores 24 in FIG.
- the pores 14 are uniformly present around the active material particles 13. Therefore, ions necessary for the charge / discharge reaction are smoothly and uniformly supplied to the active material, and a good charge / discharge reaction is possible.
- a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery using such an electrode exhibits good battery characteristics (high load pulse input / output characteristics).
- the nonaqueous electrolytic mass in the pores changes depending on the size of the pore volume. When the pore volume is small, the non-aqueous electrolytic mass present in the pores is reduced, and the amount of ions contributing to the charge / discharge reaction is reduced. In addition, even if it tries to supply the necessary amount of ions on the side of the separator adjacent to the electrode, the pore volume for receiving it is insufficient. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure a certain pore volume.
- the present invention provides a positive electrode mixture layer having a peak pore diameter of 0.5 or less, preferably 0.5. and follows m, proposes pore volume of the positive electrode mixture layer, per unit weight of the positive electrode active material, 0. 05 ⁇ 0. 3cm 3 / g, that preferably a 0. 05 ⁇ 0. 25cm 3 / g To do.
- the pores in the positive electrode mixture layer satisfy these conditions, the pores are uniformly present around the active material in all directions. Therefore, the ions necessary for the charge / discharge reaction can smoothly pass through the pores. And good high-load pulse output characteristics can be obtained.
- the peak pore diameter of the positive electrode mixture layer exceeds 0.7 m, the pores become non-uniform, and good high-load pulse output characteristics cannot be obtained.
- the pore volume of the positive electrode mixture layer is less than 0.05 cm 3 Zg per unit weight of the positive electrode active material, the pore volume is too small and sufficient ions are supplied to the active material for charge / discharge reaction. Can not.
- the volumetric capacity of the positive electrode mixture layer exceeds 0.3 cm 3 Zg per unit weight of the positive electrode active material, a high capacity cannot be obtained and the practicality becomes low.
- the present invention preferably has a peak pore diameter of the negative electrode mixture layer of 0. m or less in the negative electrode from the viewpoint of smoothly and uniformly supplying ions necessary for the charge / discharge reaction to the active material.
- Ku is less 0. 5 m
- the pores in the negative electrode mixture layer satisfy these conditions, the pores are uniformly present around the active material in all directions. Therefore, ions necessary for the charge / discharge reaction are smoothly supplied to the active material through the pores, and good high-load pulse input characteristics can be obtained.
- the peak pore diameter of the negative electrode mixture layer exceeds 0.7 ⁇ m, good high-load pulse input characteristics cannot be obtained.
- the pore volume of the negative electrode mixture layer is less than 0.2 cm 3 Zg per unit weight of the negative electrode active material, the pore volume is too small to sufficiently supply ions necessary for the charge / discharge reaction to the active material. Can not.
- the pore volume of the negative electrode mixture layer exceeds 0.4 cm 3 Zg per unit weight of the negative electrode active material, a high capacity cannot be obtained and the practicality deteriorates.
- Poreak pore diameter is the pore diameter at which a peak is obtained in the Log differential pore volume distribution (a graph showing the relationship between Log differential pore volume and pore diameter).
- the “pore volume per unit weight of the active material of the layer” is a value obtained by dividing the cumulative pore volume measured for a sample of the electrode mixture having a predetermined weight by the weight of the active material contained in the sample.
- the log differential pore volume distribution is obtained by dividing the differential pore volume dV by the logarithmic difference value d (logD) of the pore diameter D, and plotting this value against the average pore diameter in each section It is a graph.
- the method for controlling the peak pore diameter is not particularly limited.
- the degree of stirring of the electrode mixture controls the degree of dispersion of the active material in the electrode mixture
- (Iv) A material soluble in the nonaqueous electrolyte is mixed in the electrode mixture and the particle size distribution of the material is controlled.
- a conductive agent is previously coated around the active material, and the material is removed. By controlling the coating amount, the peak pore diameter can be controlled by a method such as controlling the dispersibility of the mixture.
- a method for controlling the pore volume per unit weight of the active material of the electrode mixture layer is not particularly limited, but in addition to the above pore diameter control, for example, by rolling the electrode mixture layer, This can be controlled along with the packing density of the active material.
- the positive electrode mixture can contain various optional components in addition to the positive electrode active material which is an essential component.
- the optional component include a conductive agent, a binder, and a thickener.
- a positive electrode mixture paste can be obtained by mixing the positive electrode mixture with a liquid component (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, water, etc.) and kneading. At this time, if necessary, the degree of stirring of the positive electrode mixture paste can be controlled, a plurality of active materials having different particle size distributions can be mixed in the positive electrode mixture, or the positive electrode mixture paste can be used as a sublimation agent or nonaqueous electrolyte. Mixing melted materials.
- a positive electrode mixture layer having a predetermined thickness is formed by applying a positive electrode mixture paste on both surfaces of a positive electrode current collector (for example, an aluminum foil), drying, and rolling as necessary.
- a positive electrode current collector for example, an aluminum foil
- the packing density of the positive electrode active material in the positive electrode mixture layer is preferably 2 to 3.5 g / cm 3 .
- the current collector is cut (slit force) to obtain a sheet-like positive electrode having a predetermined size.
- the positive electrode active material includes a lithium-containing composite oxide capable of inserting and extracting lithium.
- the lithium-containing composite oxide is not particularly limited.
- lithium cobalt oxide Li CoO
- lithium nickel oxide LiNiO
- lithium manganese oxide LiMnO
- a material obtained by substituting a part of Co, N or Mn of these oxides with another element for example, Co, Ni, Mn, Al, Mg, Li, etc.
- the positive electrode active material may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the average particle size volume-based median diameter obtained with a laser diffraction particle size distribution analyzer: D) 2 to 20 m, BET ratio
- the product is preferred.
- the peak pore size of the positive electrode mixture layer is 0.7 m or less, and the pore volume per unit weight of the positive electrode active material layer is 0.05 to 0.3 cm 3 Zg.
- the effect of the present invention is also great.
- the conductive agent is effective in increasing the electrical conductivity of the positive electrode and allowing the charge / discharge reaction to proceed efficiently.
- a carbon material such as carbon black (for example, acetylene black (AB) or ketjen black (KB)) or graphite can be used.
- the conductive agent may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the amount of the conductive agent contained in the positive electrode mixture is preferably 1 to L0 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the positive electrode active material.
- the binder has a function of adhering the active material particles to each other and bonding the positive electrode mixture layer and the positive electrode current collector.
- the binder that can be included in the positive electrode for example, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), or the like can be used. Binders may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the amount of the binder contained in the positive electrode mixture is preferably 1 to: L0 part by weight per 100 parts by weight of the positive electrode active material.
- the thickener mainly serves to adjust the viscosity of the positive electrode mixture paste.
- a water-soluble polymer such as carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is used as a thickener.
- the amount of the thickener contained in the positive electrode mixture is preferably 0.2 to 2 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the positive electrode active material.
- the negative electrode mixture can contain various optional components in addition to the negative electrode active material which is an essential component.
- the optional component include a conductive agent, a binder, and a thickener.
- the negative electrode mixture A negative electrode mixture paste can be obtained by mixing with a liquid component (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, water, etc.) and kneading. At this time, if necessary, the degree of stirring of the negative electrode mixture paste can be controlled, a plurality of active materials having different particle size distributions can be mixed in the negative electrode mixture, or the negative electrode mixture paste can be used as a sublimation agent or non-aqueous electrolyte. Mixing melted materials.
- a negative electrode mixture paste having a predetermined thickness is obtained by applying a negative electrode mixture paste to both surfaces of a negative electrode current collector (copper foil, copper alloy foil, etc.), drying, and rolling as necessary. A layer is formed. At this time, from the viewpoint of securing a certain amount of pore volume, the filling density of the negative electrode active material in the negative electrode mixture layer is preferably 1 to 1.5 g / cm 3 . Thereafter, the current collector is cut (slit) as necessary to obtain a sheet-like negative electrode having a predetermined size.
- the negative electrode active material includes a carbon material capable of inserting and extracting lithium.
- the carbon material is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include graphite (natural graphite, artificial graphite, etc.) and coatus.
- graphite having an average particle diameter (volume-based median diameter obtained by a laser diffraction particle size distribution meter: D) of 2 to 20 ⁇ m and a BET specific surface area of 2 to 6 m 2 Zg.
- the peak pore size of the negative electrode mixture layer shall be 0.7 m or less, and the pore volume per unit weight of the negative electrode active material layer of the negative electrode mixture layer shall be 0.2 to 0.4 cm 3 Zg. Is easy
- the average particle size is 10 to 30 m
- BET specific surface area 0.5-6m 2 Zg graphite (graphite X) and graphite (average particle size 2-8 / ⁇ ⁇ , BET specific surface area 2-20m 2 / g) can be used in combination. I like it.
- binder for the negative electrode examples include styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), polyvinylidene fluoride (VBR), polyvinylidene fluoride (VBR), polyvinylidene fluoride (VBR), polyvinylidene fluoride (VBR), polyvinylidene fluoride (VBR), polyvinylidene fluoride (VBR), polyvinylidene fluoride (VLDPE), polyvinylidene fluoride
- Binders may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the amount of the binder to be included in the negative electrode mixture is preferably 1 to: LO parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the negative electrode active material.
- a water-soluble polymer such as carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is also used as a thickener for the negative electrode.
- the amount of the thickener contained in the negative electrode mixture is 0.2 per 100 parts by weight of the negative electrode active material.
- a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery of the present invention comprises the positive electrode and Z or the negative electrode.
- a separator is interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- the separator has a function of insulating the positive electrode and the negative electrode and holding a nonaqueous electrolyte.
- a microporous membrane made of polyolefin resin is preferably used as the separator.
- polyethylene (E) microporous membrane, polypropylene (PP) microporous membrane, or a laminate of PE microporous membrane and PP microporous membrane may be used.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte includes a non-aqueous solvent in which a lithium salt is dissolved.
- concentration of lithium salt in the non-aqueous electrolyte is preferably 0.5 to 2 molZdm 3 .
- Non-aqueous solvents include, for example, cyclic carbonates such as ethylene carbonate (EC) and propylene carbonate (PC), jetyl carbonate (DEC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) and the like.
- cyclic carbonates such as ethylene carbonate (EC) and propylene carbonate (PC)
- DEC jetyl carbonate
- DMC dimethyl carbonate
- EMC ethyl methyl carbonate
- a chain carbonate or the like is preferably used.
- the non-aqueous solvent it is preferable to use a mixture of a plurality of types which can be used alone. It is preferred that 0 to 50% by weight of the total amount of the non-aqueous solvent is a cyclic carbonate, and 50 to 90% by weight is a chain carbonate.
- Lithium salts include lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF), lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF)
- Lithium salts may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the shape of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery to which the present invention is applicable is not particularly limited, and can be applied to batteries having various shapes such as a cylindrical shape, a rectangular shape, and a stacked shape.
- An electrode group in which a separator is interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode is manufactured, the electrode group is accommodated in the battery case, a nonaqueous electrolyte is injected into the battery case, and the battery case is sealed to complete the battery. .
- Examples 1-21 and Reference Example 1- L1 is the Example and reference example regarding invention of a positive electrode.
- Examples 22 to 24 and Reference Examples 12 to 17 are examples and reference examples relating to the invention of the negative electrode. Since the batteries of Reference Examples 1 to 11 relating to the invention of the positive electrode include the negative electrode of the present invention, they correspond to the examples of the invention of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery. Since the batteries of Reference Examples 12 to 17 relating to the invention of the negative electrode include the positive electrode of the present invention, they correspond to the examples of the invention of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
- Example 1 is the Example and reference example regarding invention of a positive electrode.
- Examples 22 to 24 and Reference Examples 12 to 17 are examples and reference examples relating to the invention of the negative electrode. Since the batteries of Reference Examples 1 to 11 relating to the invention of the positive electrode include the negative electrode of the present invention, they correspond to the examples of the invention of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery. Since the batteries of Reference Examples 12 to 17 relating to the invention of
- a lithium nickel composite oxide represented by a composition formula LiNi Co Al O is used as a positive electrode active material.
- a precipitate of Co 2 Al (OH) 2 was formed.
- the generated precipitate is filtered, washed with water, and 80 ° C.
- the average particle size of Ni Co Al (OH) was 10 m.
- Ni Co Al (OH) was heat-treated at 900 ° C in the atmosphere for 10 hours,
- Nickel oxide (Ni Co Al O) was obtained. Obtained Ni Co Al O powder X-ray diffraction
- Ni Co Al O the sum of the number of Ni, Co, and Al atoms is equal to the number of Li atoms
- Lithium hydroxide monohydrate was added and mixed. This mixture was heat-treated at 800 ° C. for 10 hours in dry air to obtain the target LiNi Co Al O. Obtained
- the lithium nickel composite oxide formed a solid solution.
- a positive electrode active material of 50 ⁇ m and a BET specific surface area of 0.5 m 2 Zg was obtained.
- the positive electrode active material 90 parts by weight of the positive electrode active material, 5 parts by weight of acetylene black as a conductive agent, and 5 parts by weight of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as a binder (PVDF NM P manufactured by Kureha Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) “KF polymer # 1320 (trade name)” 42 parts by weight) and an appropriate amount of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) are mixed and kneaded for 60 minutes in a kneading facility, with a solid content of 50% by weight.
- a positive electrode mixture paste was prepared. At this time, powders were premixed first, and PVDF NMP solution and NMP were added to the obtained powder mixture.
- a planetary mixer manufactured by Special Machinery Co., Ltd. was used for the kneading equipment.
- the revolution speed of the planetary mixer was set to 50 rpm.
- the degree of dispersion of the positive electrode mixture varies depending on the kneading time. Long kneading time It is considered that the dispersity of the positive electrode mixture is improved as the interval is longer.
- Alloy 1N30 (tempered H18, thickness 20 m) was used for the positive electrode current collector. Alloy 1N30 contains 99.3 wt% A1, with the balance being Si, Fe, Cu, Mn, Mg and Zn.
- a positive electrode mixture paste was applied to both sides of the positive electrode current collector and dried. Thereafter, the positive electrode mixture was rolled so that the positive electrode mixture density was 2.8 gZcm 3 , and a positive electrode mixture layer having a thickness of 30 m was formed on both surfaces of the positive electrode current collector. Thereafter, the positive electrode current collector was slitted to obtain a positive electrode having a thickness of 80 m, a width of 37 mm, and a length of 450 mm.
- artificial graphite with an average particle size (D) of 10 m and a BET specific surface area of 4.8 m 2 Zg
- 96 parts by weight of the negative electrode active material 3 parts by weight of SBR as a binder (7.5 parts by weight of “BM400B (trade name)”, an aqueous dispersion of SBR manufactured by Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd.), and thickening 1 part by weight of CMC as an agent and an appropriate amount of water were mixed and kneaded for 90 minutes in a kneading equipment to prepare a negative electrode mixture paste having a solid content of 40% by weight.
- graphite and CMC powder were first dry-mixed, and the entire amount of the aqueous dispersion of SBR and water was added to the obtained powder mixture.
- the kneading equipment used was a planetary mixer manufactured by Tokushu Kika Kogyo Co., Ltd., which was also used in the production of the positive electrode.
- the revolution speed of the planetary mixer was set to 50 rpm.
- Copper foil (thickness 10 m) was used for the negative electrode current collector.
- a negative electrode mixture paste was applied to both sides of the negative electrode current collector and dried. Thereafter, the negative electrode mixture was rolled so that the negative electrode mixture density was 1.2 gZcm 3 , and a negative electrode mixture layer having a thickness of 30.5 m was formed on both surfaces of the negative electrode current collector. Thereafter, the negative electrode current collector was slit, and a negative electrode having a thickness of 81 ⁇ m, a width of 39 mm, and a length of 470 mm was obtained.
- the positive electrode After welding an aluminum lead to the positive electrode current collector, the positive electrode was introduced into a drying furnace and dried at 100 ° C. for 10 hours in a dry atmosphere for the purpose of removing residual moisture. After the nickel lead was welded to the negative electrode current collector, the negative electrode was introduced into a drying furnace and dried at 80 ° C. for 10 hours in a dry atmosphere for the purpose of removing residual moisture.
- a cylindrical battery having a structure as shown in FIG. 3 was assembled in the following manner.
- the positive electrode 31 and the negative electrode 32 after drying were wound together with a separator 33 made of a polyethylene microporous film having a thickness of 25 ⁇ m interposed between them to produce an electrode group.
- the upper insulating plate 36 was arranged on the upper surface of the electrode plate group, the lower insulating plate 37 was arranged on the lower surface, and the electrode group was inserted into an iron battery case 38 with nickel plated on the surface.
- the negative electrode lead 35 was resistance welded to the inner bottom portion of the battery case 38.
- the positive electrode lead 34 was laser-welded to the back surface of the sealing plate 39 to make the positive electrode terminal 30 and the positive electrode lead 34 conductive. After injecting the nonaqueous electrolyte into the battery case 38, the opening of the battery case 38 was sealed with a sealing plate 39 to complete the battery.
- a battery was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the paste kneading time in the planetary mixer was 90 minutes when the positive electrode mixture paste was prepared.
- a battery was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the paste kneading time in the planetary mixer was 120 minutes when the positive electrode mixture paste was prepared.
- a battery was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the paste kneading time in the planetary mixer was 150 minutes when the positive electrode mixture paste was prepared.
- a battery was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the paste kneading time in the planetary mixer was 180 minutes when the positive electrode mixture paste was prepared. [0062] ⁇ Reference Example 1 >>
- a battery was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the paste kneading time in the planetary mixer was 30 minutes when the positive electrode mixture paste was prepared.
- a battery was fabricated as in 3.
- a battery was fabricated in the same manner as in Reference Example 2, except that the paste kneading time with the planetary mixer was 150 minutes when the positive electrode mixture paste was prepared.
- a battery was fabricated in the same manner as in Reference Example 2, except that the paste kneading time with the planetary mixer was 180 minutes when the positive electrode mixture paste was prepared.
- the positive electrode mixture was rolled so that the density of the positive electrode mixture was 3.4 gZcm 3 , and a positive electrode mixture layer having a thickness of 25 m was formed on both sides of the positive electrode current collector, respectively. Similarly, a battery was produced.
- a battery was fabricated in the same manner as in Reference Example 5, except that the paste kneading time with the planetary mixer was 150 minutes when the positive electrode mixture paste was prepared.
- a battery was fabricated in the same manner as in Reference Example 5, except that the paste kneading time with the planetary mixer was 180 minutes when the positive electrode mixture paste was prepared.
- the positive electrode mixture was rolled so that the density of the positive electrode mixture was 3.3 gZcm 3 , and a positive electrode mixture layer having a thickness of 25.5 / zm was formed on both sides of the positive electrode current collector.
- a battery was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1 except for the above.
- Example 7 A battery was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 6, except that the paste kneading time in the planetary mixer was 90 minutes when the positive electrode mixture paste was prepared.
- a battery was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 6, except that the paste kneading time in the planetary mixer was 120 minutes when the positive electrode mixture paste was prepared.
- a battery was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 6, except that the paste kneading time in the planetary mixer was 150 minutes when the positive electrode mixture paste was prepared.
- a battery was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 6, except that the paste kneading time in the planetary mixer was 180 minutes when the positive electrode mixture paste was prepared.
- a battery was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 6, except that the paste kneading time with the planetary mixer was 30 minutes when the positive electrode mixture paste was prepared.
- the positive electrode mixture was rolled so that the density of the positive electrode mixture was 3. Og / cm 3 , and a positive electrode mixture layer having a thickness of 28 m was formed on both surfaces of the positive electrode current collector.
- a battery was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1.
- a battery was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 11, except that the paste kneading time with the planetary mixer was 90 minutes when the positive electrode mixture paste was prepared.
- a battery was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 11 except that the paste kneading time with the planetary mixer was 120 minutes when the positive electrode mixture paste was prepared.
- a battery was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 11, except that the paste kneading time in the planetary mixer was 150 minutes when the positive electrode mixture paste was prepared.
- Example 15
- a battery was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 11, except that the paste kneading time by the planetary mixer was 180 minutes when the positive electrode mixture paste was prepared.
- a battery was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 11 except that the paste kneading time with the planetary mixer was 30 minutes when preparing the positive electrode mixture paste.
- Example 1 As the density of the positive electrode mixture becomes 2. OgZcm 3, except that rolling a positive electrode mixture, to form a positive electrode mixture layer of each thickness 35. 5 / zm to both sides of a cathode current collector, implemented A battery was fabricated as in Example 1.
- a battery was fabricated in the same manner as in Reference Example 10 except that the paste kneading time in the planetary mixer was 90 minutes when the positive electrode mixture paste was prepared.
- a battery was fabricated in the same manner as in Reference Example 10, except that the paste kneading time in the planetary mixer was 120 minutes when the positive electrode mixture paste was prepared.
- a battery was fabricated in the same manner as in Reference Example 10, except that the paste kneading time in the planetary mixer was 150 minutes when the positive electrode mixture paste was prepared.
- a battery was fabricated in the same manner as in Reference Example 10, except that the paste kneading time with the planetary mixer was 180 minutes when the positive electrode mixture paste was prepared.
- a battery was fabricated in the same manner as in Reference Example 10, except that the paste kneading time with the planetary mixer was 30 minutes when preparing the positive electrode mixture paste.
- a battery was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a mixture in which the weight ratio of the positive electrode active material A and the positive electrode active material B was 75:25 was used.
- the positive electrode active material A and the positive electrode active material B are the same as the positive electrode active material of Example 1 (LiNi Co Al O
- the average particle size and BET specific surface area of the positive electrode active material A and the positive electrode active material B are changed as described above by changing the stirring state and temperature of the saturated aqueous solution. Controlled.
- the pore volume distribution of the positive electrode mixture layer was measured with a mercury porosimeter.
- the porosimeter “Autopore 1119410” manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation was used.
- the integrated pore volume distribution and the log differential pore volume distribution were determined.
- the battery capacity was charged and discharged under the conditions of a constant current of 70 mA, a charge upper limit voltage of 4.2 V, and a discharge lower limit voltage of 3.0 V in an environment of 25 ° C. It was confirmed. As a result, the battery capacity of each example and reference example was about 350 mAh.
- each battery was charged with a constant current to a 60% charge state, and then left for 1 hour in a 25 ° C environment.
- a charge pulse and a discharge pulse for 10 seconds at a constant current were alternately applied to the battery with a 1-minute pause.
- the current value was increased stepwise in the range of 0.35 to 20 A, and the battery voltage at 10 seconds after applying each pulse was measured.
- the relationship between the current value when the charging-side pulse was applied and the battery voltage 10 seconds after the pulse application (Charging-side current-voltage characteristics diagram shown in Fig. 5) was obtained.
- FIG. 7 shows the relationship between the peak pore diameter and the output value of the battery for Examples 1 to 20 and Reference Example 1 to L1.
- Example 1 2. 8 0. 7 0 0. 1 1 4 2 5 Example 2 2. 8 0. 6 0 0. 1 1 3 2 6 Example 3 2. 8 0. 4 9 0. 1 1 5 2 9 Example 4 2. 8 0. 4 0 0. 1 1 2 3 1 Example 5 2. 8 0. 3 1 0. 1 1 0 3 1 Reference example 1 2. 8 0. 9 3 0. 1 1 4 2 3 Reference Example 2 3. 5 0. 4 1 0. 0 3 5 1 9 Reference Example 3 3. 5 0. 3 4 0. 0 3 8 1 9 Reference Example 4 3. 5 0 2 6 0. 0 4 0 1 8 Reference Example 5 3. 4 0. 4 2 0. 0 4 0 1 8 Reference Example 5 3. 4 0. 4 2 0. 0 4 0 1 8 Reference Example 5 3. 4 0. 4 2 0. 0 4 4 2 0 Reference Example 6 3. 4 0. 3 5 0. 0 4 6 2 1 Reference Example 7 3.4 0. 2 6 0. 0 4 3 2 1 Example 6 3. 3 0.
- Example 1 6 2. 0 0. 6 8 0. 2 9 7 2 7 Actual Example 1 7 2. 0 0. 6 0 0. 2 9 8 3 0 Example 1 8 2. 0 0. 4 9 0. 3 0 0 3 2 Example 1 9 2. 0 0. 3 6 0. 2 9 6 3 3 Reference example 1 1 2. 0 0. 9 5 0. 2 9 9 3 4 Example 2 0 2. 8 0. 3 1 0. 1 1 3 3 2 Example 2 1 2. 8 0. 2 7 0. 1 1 1 3 5
- Example 6- LO and Examples 11-15 also showed a tendency for the output to increase with decreasing peak pore diameter. In particular, when the peak pore diameter was 0.5 m or less, the output increased greatly.
- the integrated pore volume is considered to correlate with the amount of the ion supply path. If the accumulated pore volume force is large, ions are insufficient, and the amount of ions necessary for the charge / discharge reaction cannot be supplied to the active material. Therefore, it is considered that a certain pore volume or more is necessary. From the results in Table 1, it is considered that the pore volume per unit weight of the positive electrode active material in the positive electrode mixture layer should be 0.05 cm 3 Zg or more.
- Negative electrode having an average particle diameter (D) of 15 m and a BET specific surface area of 3.2 m 2 Zg as a negative electrode active material
- Active material C artificial graphite
- a battery was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the paste kneading time by the planetary mixer was set to 60 minutes when the negative electrode mixture paste was prepared.
- a battery was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the paste kneading time with the planetary mixer was 30 minutes when preparing the negative electrode mixture paste.
- the negative electrode mixture was rolled so that the density of the negative electrode mixture was 1.5 gZcm 3 , and a negative electrode mixture layer having a thickness of 29 ⁇ m was formed on both sides of the negative electrode current collector, respectively.
- a battery was prepared in the same manner as in Example 22.
- Reference Example 17 >> Reference Example 12 except that the negative electrode mixture was rolled so that the density of the negative electrode mixture was 1.6 gZcm 3 , and a negative electrode mixture layer having a thickness of 27 ⁇ m was formed on both sides of the negative electrode current collector.
- a battery was fabricated in the same manner as in the above.
- Table 2 shows the peak pore diameter, the pore volume per unit weight of the negative electrode active material, and the battery input values for Examples 22 to 24 and Reference Examples 12 to 17.
- FIG. 8 shows the relationship between the peak pore diameter and the battery input value for Examples 22 to 24 and Reference Examples 12 to 17.
- the input value increased when the peak pore diameter was 0. m or less, and further 0.5 / m or less.
- the peak pore diameter is 0.7 / zm or less. The input value was low.
- the integrated pore volume is considered to correlate with the amount of the ion supply path. If the integrated pore volume is small, ions are insufficient, and the amount of ions necessary for the charge / discharge reaction cannot be supplied to the active material. Therefore, it is considered that a certain pore volume or more is necessary. From the results in Table 2, it is considered that the pore volume per unit weight of the negative electrode active material in the negative electrode mixture layer needs to be 0.2 cm 3 Zg or more. Table 2 also shows that good battery characteristics can be obtained when the pore volume per unit weight of the negative electrode active material in the negative electrode mixture layer is up to 0.4 cm 3 Zg.
- the present invention can be suitably applied to a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery that requires high input / output characteristics.
- the design capacity can be changed to, for example, 2 Ah or more by changing the size of the positive electrode or the negative electrode.
- Such batteries can be expected to have high input / output characteristics. Strong or mild-noble vehicles, electric vehicles, and electric vehicles that run with the power of both an internal combustion engine or fuel cell and an electric motor (such as a motor) can be used. It can be used as a power source for moving bodies such as.
- Such a battery is also suitable as an auxiliary drive power source for hybrid vehicles, and can drive various devices in the vehicle and power assist the engine when starting, starting or accelerating the vehicle. In addition, when the vehicle is decelerated, regenerative energy can be input efficiently.
- the battery of the present invention is further suitable for a power source for electric tools and a power source for stationary devices such as elevators, and for driving these devices, power assist, and efficient input of regenerative energy. Is possible.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US11/916,240 US20100012403A1 (en) | 2005-06-02 | 2006-06-01 | Electrode for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, and automobile, electric power tool or stationary equipment mounting the same |
| CN2006800191708A CN101185184B (zh) | 2005-06-02 | 2006-06-01 | 非水电解质二次电池用电极、非水电解质二次电池以及装载该非水电解质二次电池的汽车、电动工具或固定型设备 |
| DE602006017836T DE602006017836D1 (de) | 2005-06-02 | 2006-06-01 | Elektrode für eine sekundärbatterie mit wasserfreiem elektrolyt, sekundärbatterie mit wasserfreiem elektrolyt und damit ausgestattetes automobil, elektrowerkzeug oder stationäre einrichtung |
| EP06756874A EP1890348B1 (en) | 2005-06-02 | 2006-06-01 | Electrode for nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery, nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery, and automobile, power tool or stationary device equipped with same |
| JP2007519064A JP5060289B2 (ja) | 2005-06-02 | 2006-06-01 | 非水電解質二次電池用電極、非水電解質二次電池、ならびに、これを搭載した自動車、電動工具もしくは定置型機器 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005-162253 | 2005-06-02 | ||
| JP2005162253 | 2005-06-02 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2006129756A1 true WO2006129756A1 (ja) | 2006-12-07 |
Family
ID=37481684
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2006/310993 Ceased WO2006129756A1 (ja) | 2005-06-02 | 2006-06-01 | 非水電解質二次電池用電極、非水電解質二次電池、ならびに、これを搭載した自動車、電動工具もしくは定置型機器 |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20100012403A1 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP1890348B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP5060289B2 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN101185184B (ja) |
| DE (1) | DE602006017836D1 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2006129756A1 (ja) |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20100012403A1 (en) | 2010-01-21 |
| CN101185184B (zh) | 2010-12-08 |
| EP1890348A4 (en) | 2009-11-18 |
| JPWO2006129756A1 (ja) | 2009-01-08 |
| CN101185184A (zh) | 2008-05-21 |
| EP1890348A1 (en) | 2008-02-20 |
| EP1890348B1 (en) | 2010-10-27 |
| DE602006017836D1 (de) | 2010-12-09 |
| JP5060289B2 (ja) | 2012-10-31 |
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