WO2006131592A2 - Appareil photo - Google Patents

Appareil photo Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006131592A2
WO2006131592A2 PCT/FI2006/000184 FI2006000184W WO2006131592A2 WO 2006131592 A2 WO2006131592 A2 WO 2006131592A2 FI 2006000184 W FI2006000184 W FI 2006000184W WO 2006131592 A2 WO2006131592 A2 WO 2006131592A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
camera
detector
optical system
point
photographed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/FI2006/000184
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2006131592A3 (fr
Inventor
Heikki Kosola
Karri Palovuori
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
IPRBOX Oy
Original Assignee
IPRBOX Oy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by IPRBOX Oy filed Critical IPRBOX Oy
Publication of WO2006131592A2 publication Critical patent/WO2006131592A2/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Publication of WO2006131592A3 publication Critical patent/WO2006131592A3/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N3/00—Scanning details of television systems; Combination thereof with generation of supply voltages
    • H04N3/02—Scanning details of television systems; Combination thereof with generation of supply voltages by optical-mechanical means only
    • H04N3/08—Scanning details of television systems; Combination thereof with generation of supply voltages by optical-mechanical means only having a moving reflector
    • H04N3/09—Scanning details of television systems; Combination thereof with generation of supply voltages by optical-mechanical means only having a moving reflector for electromagnetic radiation in the invisible region, e.g. infrared
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • H04N23/20—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof for generating image signals from infrared radiation only
    • H04N23/23—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof for generating image signals from infrared radiation only from thermal infrared radiation

Definitions

  • the invention is concerned with a camera, especially an infrared camera.
  • a camera comprises in principle a telescope objective, an ocular and a camera objective.
  • Parallel light beams from a remote object meet the telescope objective and the light goes through the telescope objective after having gone through the camera objective via the ocular.
  • the light that has reflected from the object and thereafter gone through the objectives draws an image on a film plane where it is stored on a film or cell.
  • the lenses of the objective improve the image compared to an image formed through an opening.
  • Focusing means that the place of the lens system of the camera or the focal length is changed with respect to the film in such a way that the image is sharp on the film or cell from the desired distance.
  • the right distances could be calculated, but in practice the focusing is performed by fine-adjusting the place of the object in such a way that the image appears to be sharp from the view finder. Earlier, the photographer had to do this manually - nowadays the camera can focus automatically. 0184
  • Separate detectors are used in a camera, which have to get a visual image through the optics. Generally, this is performed in such a way that the mirror of the finder is partially transparent and behind this mirror there is another mirror, which leads the light to the detectors in the lower part of the camera.
  • each focusing point consisting of vertical or horizontal units, each having two comparing rows of pixels and small lenses directing light to those.
  • the most middle focusing point consists of both a vertical and horizontal unit.
  • the position of the lenses in the optics has to be changed completely mechanically for the real focusing.
  • An electric motor is used in the automatic focusing, which rotates the focusing lens in turns in order to move it forward and backwards.
  • the motor can be placed in the optics or in the camera body and the motor is steered electrically or mechanically or electromechanically.
  • the cameras measure light radiation reflected from an object.
  • infrared cameras which work with the same principle as the image cameras but which measure infrared radiation radiating from the object (thermal radiation).
  • Thermal imaging is suitable for investigation of apartments/rooms of individual houses, rowhouses, apartment houses and business houses or for investigation of the whole building.
  • infrared photographing can for example be used to investigate moist areas in constructions, moisture damages, positions of pipe systems, conditions of electrical devices (e.g. switch yards), the condition of different parts in a heating network, position and distribution of surface temperatures, the temperature distributions of machines and devices and the condition of insulations, geological end ecological phenomena as air photography and for product development and research. Defects in the thermal insulation of buildings and heating, plumbing, ventilation and electrical installation cause energy losses and damages.
  • the problem sites can be localized with an infrared camera without discharging the constructions.
  • Infrared photography is also suitable for the quality control of the thermal functionality of buildings. Infrared photography is a fast investigation method, with which the properties and conditions of an object and devices can be analyzed without decomposing constructions. Typical objects for infrared photographing are e.g. real estates, district heating networks, electric networks and industry maintenance.
  • infrared photography the surface temperatures of the object to be investigated are measured with an infrared camera.
  • the measuring results are presented as an infrared image in which the temperature distribution is shown by using different colors.
  • Each body sends out electromagnetic infrared radiation not seen by a human eye.
  • An infrared camera is a "receiver" of the infrared radiation in which the image formed by the matrix detector is coded into temperature areas.
  • the photography results can be analyzed in many ways with a computer and the results can be reported in digital form or on paper.
  • the infrared cameras for sale today are very expensive, which partly prevents a common use of those as a usable means for e.g. estimation of the condition of real estates.
  • a conventional and typical infrared camera is in principle a video camera working within the infrared radiation range.
  • Such very common objects are for example the investigation of heat leakages of buildings or the temperature distribution of devices and electronics.
  • a big image detector sensible for infrared radiation must be used in an infrared camera of video camera type and a special optic designed for this, both being very expensive. It is either not possible to get a very wide- angled thermal optics with any costs.
  • the camera of the invention comprises an optical system, with which the radiation reflected from an object to be photographed is collected and directed to a detector, and a detector, with which image coordinates are produced from the details of the object to be photographed on the basis of the radiation directed to the detector.
  • the camera is mainly characterized in that the detector is a one- point radiation detector with which the area to be photographed can be scanned point by point.
  • the detector is fastened to the optical system, whereby the area to be photographed can be scanned by turning the optical system.
  • the optics is directed, in other words the area of the image is scanned, with a swing mechanism fastened to the optical system.
  • the focusing required by the distance between the object to be photographed and the camera is performed by changing the distance between the detector and the optics before starting the real scanning. During the scanning, the mirror and the detector stay still with respect to each other.
  • a mirror is used as an optical system.
  • the swing mechanism Compared to the lens optics, the swing mechanism also enables viewing angles of completely random width/height, for example 360°.
  • the most important idea in the invention is the use of a one-point detector instead of a conventional matrix cell and when a mirror is used as a lens in the camera, the mirror only has to photograph one-point at a time to the one-point detector. After each point, the camera system is turned for the following point, whereby the detector/mirror combination still looks at the object from the same direction angle but at a different place of it.
  • the accuracy required by different wave lengths in this embodiment is not a problem and the detector can be correctly read.
  • the dynamic resolution and the dynamic area can also be freely varied. With a good dynamic resolution, more tones appear in the picture and the difference between dark and light areas is better seen.
  • the dynamic range determines the contrasts received on the picture.
  • the size of the mirror and the reading electronics of the measuring device when implemented in a suitable way, enable a multiplied dynamic resolution compared to existing camera devices because the reading electronics of the matrix cell can not be freely chosen.
  • the long wave length is very forgiving for the surface quality, wherefore almost any metal or metallized plastics can be used.
  • One advantage with the mirror - also with one reflecting visible light - is of course that the focusing distance is possible to check by eye by watching the reflected detector from a desired focusing distance.
  • the limited response time of the thermal detector restricts the scanning speed of the image area. Depending on desired resolution and size of image area, the photographing takes minutes or even tens of minutes. Of this reason, the method presented is suitable only for photographing static objects.
  • the camera does not contain a single valuable component and it can be implemented with only a minor part of the costs compared to conventional infrared cameras.
  • the resolution and dynamic of the invention enable a very high quality infrared photography by a very cost effective electronic and mechanical solution.
  • Figure 1 is a principle view of the camera of the invention
  • the object to be photographed is in this example assumed to be a thermal leakage possibly from a building emitting infrared radiation (marked with a dotted line in figure 1 by reference number 1).
  • thermal radiation emits from the object to be photographed to the mirror 6 of a camera.
  • a detail of the object is imaged via the mirror 6 to a one-point detector 4.
  • the detector 4 is at such a distance from the mirror that the beam from the detail of the object reflected from the mirror is directed to the detector 4.
  • the mirror optics shows the detail of the object 1 on the detector and a complete photograph of the object is obtained by scanning the desired image area by moving the mirror, as in the device of the invention, there is a one-point detector 4 fastened to the turnable mirror 6 instead of a normal matrix photograph cell of a camera.
  • Such a mechanical solution is needed for the adjustment of the focal distance between the detector 4 and the mirror 6, which enables a change of the detector distance with respect to the mirror 6.
  • the mirror 6 is moved by means of a swing mechanism which in this example consists of turning axles 3a, 3b fastened to the mirror and which are perpendicular to each other.
  • the photographing can thus take place for example in horizontal stripes, whereby measuring data from the detector is always collected during the movement extending from edge to edge of a horizontal image. After one horizontal stripe, the following stripe is selected with a vertical movement and so on. Also an other kind of turning axle geometries is possible, but then it is the application running in the PC or the steering units which alone are responsible for realizing the right-angled picture.
  • ADC Analog/Digital Converter
  • the steering unit 2 takes care of the electromechanical movement of the turning platform 3 of the mirror 6 and the forwarding of the A/D result of the ADC 7 of the detector 4.
  • the computer 5 has an application containing the intelligence needed which also works as the user interface of the device.
  • the apparatus (the camera of the invention) contains a processor system in the steering unit 2.
  • An absolute accuracy is not required for the movement of the mirror but the movements should preferable be reasonably repeatable and for example quit even for the part of the horizontal movement.
  • Both step and gear DC motors are suitable, both because of the costs and properties, to carry out a good movement.
  • the latter alternative however requires some feedback of the position (for example an incremental encoder).
  • the steering unit 2 is needed in the apparatus for reading the thermal detector and for steering of the mechanical turning of the mirror.
  • the requirement for the performance of the steering unit almost only depend on how the user interface of the apparatus is realized.
  • the lightest integrated implementation can be achieved by transfering all intelligence and user interface elements of the apparatus to the other side of the cable (for example rs232-cable or USB etc) to the personal computer 5 of the user. Then the only thing the steering device have to do is to forward the A/D converting results and the steering of the motors according to the instructions from the computer. In this way, the steering unit can be constructed around a very light and cheap 8-bit microprogram.
  • One possibility is an implementation that has a display, a memory card, for example a Compact Flash (CF) or corresponding card place in the photographing device (camera itself) for storing the photographs and necessary tangents and regulators to take the picture.
  • the display, the memory card place and the other accessories would then be contained in a component drawn to be the steering unit in figure 1.
  • the camera does not have to have any display if the apparatus is realized in accordance with the cheapest schedule. Then the user does not need a computer to use the apparatus.
  • This way of implementation increases the usability of the apparatus in some cases but increases the production costs (but only little compared to a conventional infrared camera).
  • the detector is a thermal radiation detector of thermal pair type for example Melexis MLX90247D.
  • the detector gives a voltage as its output which is dependent on the temperature difference of the own output of the detector and the space seen by the detector.
  • the time constant of the detector is of the order of milliseconds, so there is only needed some kilosamples/seconds for the sampling frequency.
  • the A/D converters can be freely chosen and they can be made in a cost efficient way.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Radiation Pyrometers (AREA)
  • Photometry And Measurement Of Optical Pulse Characteristics (AREA)
  • Studio Devices (AREA)
  • Optical Radar Systems And Details Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

L'appareil photo de cette invention comprend un système optique avec lequel le rayonnement réfléchi d'un objet devant être photographié est dirigé vers un détecteur, et un détecteur avec lequel les coordonnées de la photo sont produites à partir de détails de l'objet devant être photographiés en fonction du rayonnement émis en direction du détecteur. Cet appareil photo se caractérise principalement en ce que le détecteur est un détecteur de rayonnement à un point avec lequel l'image devant être photographiée peut être balayée. De préférence, ce détecteur est tout d'abord connecté à un système optique, la zone devant être photographiée pouvant être balayée par pivotement de ce système optique. Le système optique est dirigé, ou en d'autres termes la zone d'image est balayée, au moyen d'un mécanisme de balancement fixé sur le système optique.
PCT/FI2006/000184 2005-06-08 2006-06-08 Appareil photo Ceased WO2006131592A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI20050612 2005-06-08
FI20050612A FI118245B (fi) 2005-06-08 2005-06-08 Kamera

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2006131592A2 true WO2006131592A2 (fr) 2006-12-14
WO2006131592A3 WO2006131592A3 (fr) 2009-08-27

Family

ID=34778333

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/FI2006/000184 Ceased WO2006131592A2 (fr) 2005-06-08 2006-06-08 Appareil photo

Country Status (2)

Country Link
FI (1) FI118245B (fr)
WO (1) WO2006131592A2 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2013183032A2 (fr) 2012-06-08 2013-12-12 Glenmark Pharmaceuticals S.A. Anticorps anti-trka ayant des propriétés inhibitrices améliorées et dérivés associés

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5453618A (en) * 1994-01-31 1995-09-26 Litton Systems, Inc. Miniature infrared line-scanning imager
WO2003028363A1 (fr) * 2001-08-28 2003-04-03 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Camera de balayage
US7154287B2 (en) * 2005-01-27 2006-12-26 International Business Machines Corporation Method and apparatus for light-controlled circuit characterization

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2013183032A2 (fr) 2012-06-08 2013-12-12 Glenmark Pharmaceuticals S.A. Anticorps anti-trka ayant des propriétés inhibitrices améliorées et dérivés associés

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI20050612A0 (fi) 2005-06-08
FI118245B (fi) 2007-08-31
WO2006131592A3 (fr) 2009-08-27
FI20050612L (fi) 2006-12-09

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