WO2007074846A1 - 微小電子機械装置およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
微小電子機械装置およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2007074846A1 WO2007074846A1 PCT/JP2006/325979 JP2006325979W WO2007074846A1 WO 2007074846 A1 WO2007074846 A1 WO 2007074846A1 JP 2006325979 W JP2006325979 W JP 2006325979W WO 2007074846 A1 WO2007074846 A1 WO 2007074846A1
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- Prior art keywords
- sealing material
- microelectromechanical
- main surface
- semiconductor substrate
- electro mechanical
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10W—GENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10W76/00—Containers; Fillings or auxiliary members therefor; Seals
- H10W76/10—Containers or parts thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B81—MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
- B81C—PROCESSES OR APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
- B81C1/00—Manufacture or treatment of devices or systems in or on a substrate
- B81C1/00015—Manufacture or treatment of devices or systems in or on a substrate for manufacturing microsystems
- B81C1/00261—Processes for packaging MEMS devices
- B81C1/00269—Bonding of solid lids or wafers to the substrate
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10W—GENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10W72/00—Interconnections or connectors in packages
- H10W72/01—Manufacture or treatment
- H10W72/0198—Manufacture or treatment batch processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B81—MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
- B81B—MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS, e.g. MICROMECHANICAL DEVICES
- B81B2207/00—Microstructural systems or auxiliary parts thereof
- B81B2207/09—Packages
- B81B2207/091—Arrangements for connecting external electrical signals to mechanical structures inside the package
- B81B2207/092—Buried interconnects in the substrate or in the lid
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B81—MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
- B81B—MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS, e.g. MICROMECHANICAL DEVICES
- B81B2207/00—Microstructural systems or auxiliary parts thereof
- B81B2207/09—Packages
- B81B2207/091—Arrangements for connecting external electrical signals to mechanical structures inside the package
- B81B2207/094—Feed-through, via
- B81B2207/095—Feed-through, via through the lid
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B81—MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
- B81B—MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS, e.g. MICROMECHANICAL DEVICES
- B81B2207/00—Microstructural systems or auxiliary parts thereof
- B81B2207/09—Packages
- B81B2207/091—Arrangements for connecting external electrical signals to mechanical structures inside the package
- B81B2207/094—Feed-through, via
- B81B2207/096—Feed-through, via through the substrate
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B81—MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
- B81C—PROCESSES OR APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
- B81C2203/00—Forming microstructural systems
- B81C2203/01—Packaging MEMS
- B81C2203/0109—Bonding an individual cap on the substrate
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B81—MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
- B81C—PROCESSES OR APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
- B81C2203/00—Forming microstructural systems
- B81C2203/01—Packaging MEMS
- B81C2203/0118—Bonding a wafer on the substrate, i.e. where the cap consists of another wafer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B81—MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
- B81C—PROCESSES OR APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
- B81C2203/00—Forming microstructural systems
- B81C2203/01—Packaging MEMS
- B81C2203/0172—Seals
- B81C2203/019—Seals characterised by the material or arrangement of seals between parts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B81—MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
- B81C—PROCESSES OR APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
- B81C2203/00—Forming microstructural systems
- B81C2203/03—Bonding two components
- B81C2203/031—Anodic bondings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10W—GENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10W72/00—Interconnections or connectors in packages
- H10W72/90—Bond pads, in general
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10W—GENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10W72/00—Interconnections or connectors in packages
- H10W72/90—Bond pads, in general
- H10W72/921—Structures or relative sizes of bond pads
- H10W72/923—Bond pads having multiple stacked layers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10W—GENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10W72/00—Interconnections or connectors in packages
- H10W72/90—Bond pads, in general
- H10W72/941—Dispositions of bond pads
- H10W72/9415—Dispositions of bond pads relative to the surface, e.g. recessed, protruding
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10W—GENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10W72/00—Interconnections or connectors in packages
- H10W72/90—Bond pads, in general
- H10W72/941—Dispositions of bond pads
- H10W72/942—Dispositions of bond pads relative to underlying supporting features, e.g. bond pads, RDLs or vias
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10W—GENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10W72/00—Interconnections or connectors in packages
- H10W72/90—Bond pads, in general
- H10W72/941—Dispositions of bond pads
- H10W72/944—Dispositions of multiple bond pads
- H10W72/9445—Top-view layouts, e.g. mirror arrays
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10W—GENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10W90/00—Package configurations
- H10W90/701—Package configurations characterised by the relative positions of pads or connectors relative to package parts
- H10W90/721—Package configurations characterised by the relative positions of pads or connectors relative to package parts of bump connectors
- H10W90/724—Package configurations characterised by the relative positions of pads or connectors relative to package parts of bump connectors between a chip and a stacked insulating package substrate, interposer or RDL
Definitions
- Microelectromechanical device and manufacturing method thereof are Microelectromechanical device and manufacturing method thereof.
- the present invention relates to a microelectromechanical device in which a microelectromechanical mechanism of a microelectromechanical component is hermetically sealed and a manufacturing method thereof.
- MEMS micro electro mechanical system
- This packaging technology is advantageous over wire bonding in that the package size can be reduced.
- Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2005-251898 discloses a first substrate having a first substrate provided with a microelectromechanical mechanism and a second substrate bonded so as to seal the microelectromechanical mechanism.
- a microelectromechanical device is described in which the connection between the electrode provided on the substrate and the wiring provided on the second substrate and the bonding between the first substrate and the second substrate are performed using solder.
- solder when both the connecting material for connecting the electrode and the wiring and the sealing material for joining the first substrate and the second substrate are used with solder, the distance between the connecting material and the sealing material is reduced. When a certain pitch is narrowed, there is a problem that an electrical short occurs due to the spread when the solder is heated and melted. Disclosure of the Invention
- a first microelectromechanical device includes a semiconductor substrate and one of the semiconductor substrates.
- a microelectromechanical component having a microelectromechanical mechanism formed on a surface, and an electrode electrically connected to the microelectromechanical mechanism, and an insulation having a first main surface facing one main surface of the semiconductor substrate.
- a first wiring conductor provided inside the insulating substrate and having one end led out to the first main surface and electrically connected to the electrode; and one main surface of the semiconductor substrate Between the first main surface and the first main surface so as to surround the microelectromechanical mechanism, and a sealing material made of glass for hermetically sealing the microelectromechanical mechanism, and the sealing material A conductive connecting material for electrically connecting the electrode and the one end of the first wiring conductor at a spaced position;
- the sealing material in the first microelectromechanical device, preferably, can be bonded to the semiconductor substrate by anodic bonding.
- the third microelectromechanical device of the present invention is the first or second microelectromechanical device, wherein the conductive connecting material is preferably outside the sealing material and the electrode. And the one end of the first wiring conductor are connected.
- the fourth microelectromechanical device of the present invention is the microelectromechanical device according to any one of the first to third, preferably, wherein the insulating substrate has a first recess on the first main surface side. However, at least a part of the micro electro mechanical mechanism is accommodated in the first recess.
- the fifth microelectromechanical device of the present invention is preferably any one of the first to fourth microelectromechanical devices, wherein the insulating substrate preferably has a second recess on the first main surface side. Then, at least a part of the sealing material is accommodated in the second recess.
- a sixth microelectromechanical device of the present invention is the fifth microelectromechanical device, wherein the second recess is preferably annular.
- any one of the first to sixth microelectromechanical devices is preferably provided inside the insulating substrate, and one end thereof is the first main surface. And at least one second wiring conductor that is electrically connected to the sealing material and a conductor pattern provided between the one end of the second wiring conductor and the sealing material. Equipped with.
- the eighth microelectromechanical device of the present invention is the seventh microelectromechanical device, wherein preferably, a plurality of the second wiring conductors exist and are provided inside the insulating substrate. Both include a third wiring conductor that electrically connects the plurality of second wiring conductors.
- the ninth microelectromechanical device of the present invention is preferably the shape of the sealing material and the shape of the conductor pattern when viewed from above in the seventh or eighth microelectromechanical device. Overlap.
- any one of the seventh to ninth small electromechanical components preferably includes an electrode layer provided inside the semiconductor substrate.
- the electrode layer is led out to a side surface of the semiconductor substrate.
- the tenth or eleventh microelectromechanical component is preferably provided inside the semiconductor substrate, one end connected to the electrode layer, and the other end Comprises a fourth wiring conductor led out to the other main surface or side surface of the semiconductor substrate opposite to the one main surface.
- a first microelectromechanical device manufacturing method is any one of the tenth to twelfth microelectromechanical device manufacturing methods described above, wherein the conductive pattern on the insulating substrate is formed on the conductor pattern.
- the joining step and the connecting step are simultaneously performed in the first manufacturing method.
- the joining step includes a step of heating the sealing material, Pressurizing the sealing material through the semiconductor substrate and the insulating substrate, and the electrode layer in the semiconductor substrate and the second wiring conductor in the insulating substrate. Applying a voltage to the sealing material.
- a fourth microelectromechanical device manufacturing method of the present invention is any one of the tenth to twelfth described above.
- a method of manufacturing a microelectromechanical device comprising: a semiconductor mother substrate having a plurality of microelectromechanical component regions including the microelectromechanical component as a component; and an insulating substrate region including the insulating substrate as a component
- An alignment step of aligning with a wiring mother board formed by forming each of the sealing materials on each of the insulating substrates, and each of the semiconductor substrates in the semiconductor mother board and the semiconductor substrate A bonding step of anodically bonding each sealing material; a connecting step of heating each of the conductive connecting materials to connect the electrode and the one end of the first wiring conductor; and each sealing material Cutting a joined body of the semiconductor mother board and the wiring mother board according to the above.
- a microelectronic machine having a semiconductor substrate, a microelectromechanical mechanism configured on one main surface of the semiconductor substrate, and an electrode electrically connected to the microelectromechanical mechanism.
- a component an insulating substrate having a first main surface opposite to one main surface of the semiconductor substrate, and an insulating substrate provided inside the insulating substrate and having one end led out to the first main surface and electrically connected to the electrode
- a wiring conductor a sealing material made of glass, which is arranged so as to surround the microelectromechanical mechanism between one main surface and the first main surface of the semiconductor substrate and hermetically seals the microelectromechanical mechanism, and sealing Since the conductive connecting material for electrically connecting the electrode and one end of the first wiring conductor is provided at a position away from the material, the pitch between the sealing material and the conductive connecting material can be reduced. Therefore, it is possible to realize a small micro electro mechanical device. Become positive.
- the forming step of forming the sealing material on the conductor pattern in the insulating substrate, and the one main surface of the semiconductor substrate and the first main surface of the insulating substrate are opposed to each other.
- the forming step of forming the sealing material on the conductor pattern in the insulating substrate, the one main surface of the semiconductor substrate, and the first main surface of the insulating substrate An alignment process for aligning the electrode layer and the sealing material, and the electrode and the conductive connection material, a bonding process for anodic bonding the semiconductor substrate and the sealing material, and conductive connection
- a semiconductor mother substrate having a plurality of microelectromechanical component regions including microelectromechanical components as components and a plurality of insulating substrate regions including insulating substrates as components are provided.
- FIG. 1A to FIG. 1C are diagrams showing the micro electro mechanical device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 shows a series of steps of the method for manufacturing the micro electro mechanical device shown in FIG. 1A to FIG. 1C. It is sectional drawing shown.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a microelectromechanical device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a micro electro mechanical device according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a view showing a micro electro mechanical device X according to the first embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 1A is a cross-sectional view of the micro electro mechanical device X
- FIG. 1B is a wiring board for micro electro mechanical mechanism 20
- FIG. 1C is a plan view of a wiring board 20 for a microelectromechanical mechanism.
- 1A is a cross-sectional view taken along line Ia_Ia in FIG.
- the microelectromechanical device X includes a microelectromechanical component 10, a microelectronic mechanical mechanism wiring board (hereinafter simply referred to as “wiring board”) 20, a sealing material 30, and a conductive connecting material 40. Configured.
- the microelectromechanical component 10 includes a semiconductor substrate 11, a microelectromechanical mechanism 12, and an electrode 13.
- the semiconductor substrate 11 has, for example, a rectangular plate shape, and is composed of single crystal silicon, polycrystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, gallium arsenide, aluminum gallium arsenide, gallium nitride, gallium antimony, indium arsenide, or the like.
- the microelectromechanical mechanism 12 is configured by a so-called micromachining method based on a semiconductor micromachining technique, and is formed on one main surface 11 a of the semiconductor substrate 11.
- Examples of the micro electro mechanical mechanism 12 include various sensors such as an optical switch, a display device, an acceleration sensor, a pressure sensor, an electric switch, an inductor, a capacitor, a resonator, an antenna, a micro relay, a magnetic head for a hard disk, a microphone, a bio Examples include sensors, DNA chips, microreactors, and print heads.
- the electrode 13 is a part responsible for a function of supplying predetermined power to the micro electro mechanical mechanism 12 or a function of transmitting and receiving an electrical signal between the micro electro mechanical mechanism 12 and an external electric circuit (not shown).
- 11 is formed on one main surface 1 la and is electrically connected to the microelectromechanical mechanism 12 via a wiring conductor 51 provided in the semiconductor substrate 11 or on the one main surface 1 la.
- the electrode layer 50 is provided in a region other than the region overlapping the wiring conductor 51. That is, as shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, the electrode layer 50 is a region excluding the inner region surrounded by the sealing material 30, the electrode 13 and the wiring conductor 51 when the semiconductor substrate 11 is viewed in plan view. It is provided over the entire surface. The electrode layer 50 is led out to the side surface of the semiconductor substrate 11, and a potential is applied to the electrode layer 50 from the outside through the lead-out portion.
- the wiring substrate 20 includes an insulating substrate 21, a first wiring conductor group 22, and a second wiring conductor group 23, and has a function of sealing the micro electromechanical mechanism 12 of the micro electro mechanical component 10. Both are members having a function of electrically connecting the microelectromechanical component 10 and an external electric circuit board (not shown).
- the insulating substrate 21 is formed with a first recess 21 a for accommodating at least a part of the micro electro mechanical mechanism 12 of the micro electro mechanical component 10.
- the insulating substrate 21 is composed of an aluminum oxide sintered body (alumina ceramic), an aluminum nitride sintered body (aluminum nitride ceramic), a silicon carbide sintered body (silicon carbide ceramic), and a silicon nitride sintered body. Ceramics such as sintered bodies (silicon nitride ceramics), glass ceramic sintered bodies (glass ceramics), or mullite sintered bodies, or heat such as epoxy resins, polyimide resins, talyl resins, phenol resins, or polyester resins Examples thereof include curable resins and ultraviolet curable resins.
- the mullite sintered body and the glass ceramic sintered body have a difference in thermal expansion coefficient from that of the material constituting the semiconductor substrate 11 (for example, silicon). This is preferable from the viewpoint of the reliability of bonding with the relatively small semiconductor substrate 11 and the hermetic sealing performance.
- a glass ceramic sintered body made by sintering glass containing borosilicate glass in an aluminum oxide filler is a material having a relatively low electrical resistance as the first wiring conductor group 22 and the second wiring conductor group 23 ( (For example, copper or silver) can be used, and since the relative dielectric constant is low and the delay of the electric signal can be prevented, it is preferable from the viewpoint of use for high-frequency signals.
- the first wiring conductor group 22 includes a connection pad 22a, a connection terminal 22b, and a plurality of through conductors 22c that are first wiring conductors, and includes the micro electromechanical component 10 and an external electric circuit board (not shown). It is a member for obtaining electrical continuity between.
- the connection pad 22a is formed on the upper surface 21b, which is the first main surface of the insulating substrate 21, and is electrically connected to the electrode 13 of the micro electromechanical component 10 via a conductive connection material 40 such as solder.
- the connection pad 22a is formed in a relatively large area as compared with other portions in the first wiring conductor group 22.
- connection terminal 22b is formed on the lower surface 21c of the insulating substrate 21, and is electrically connected to an electrode of an external electric circuit board (not shown) via a conductive member such as solder. Connection end The child 22b is formed to have a relatively large area as compared with other portions in the first wiring conductor group 22. According to such a configuration, it is possible to secure a larger area for electrical connection with the conductive connecting member 40, so that electrical connection can be more reliably and easily performed.
- the plurality of through conductors 22c are formed to extend from the upper surface 21b to the lower surface 21c of the insulating substrate 21, and are electrically connected to the connection pad 22a at one end and electrically connected to the connection terminal 22b at the other end. Connected.
- Examples of the material constituting the first wiring conductor group 22 include metal materials such as tungsten, molybdenum, manganese, copper, silver, palladium, platinum, and gold.
- the second wiring conductor group 23 includes a plurality of through conductors 23a that are second wiring conductors, a conductor pattern 23b, and a conductor layer 23c.
- the second wiring conductor group 23 is a member having a function of applying a voltage to the sealing material 30.
- the plurality of through conductors 23 a are formed to extend from the upper surface 21 b to the lower surface 21 c of the insulating substrate 21.
- Each through conductor 23a is electrically connected to the conductor pattern 23b at one end, electrically connected to the conductor layer 23c between one end and the other end, and solder balls 23 3d at the other end. And is electrically connected.
- the solder balls 23d function as connection terminals for electrical connection with the external electronic circuit board.
- the conductor pattern 23b is formed so as to be exposed on the upper surface 21b of the insulating substrate 21, and is a part for directly applying a voltage to the sealing material 30 to which a voltage is applied. Further, when the micro electro mechanical device X is viewed in plan, the conductor pattern 23b is located inward (on the side where the micro electro mechanical mechanism is located) from the connection pad 22a of the first wiring conductor group 22.
- the conductor layer 23c is electrically connected to the plurality of through conductors 23a and extends in the direction intersecting with the plurality of through conductors 23a inside the insulating substrate 21.
- the conductor layer 23c is a part having a function for reducing a potential difference between the through conductors 23a.
- Examples of the form of the second wiring conductor group 23 include a metallized layer form, a plating layer form, a vapor deposition layer form, and a metal foil layer form.
- Examples of the material constituting the second wiring conductor group 23 include metal materials such as tungsten, molybdenum, manganese, copper, silver, palladium, platinum, and gold.
- alumina sintered body is adopted as the material constituting the insulating substrate 21 and copper is adopted as the material constituting the first wiring conductor group 22 and the second wiring conductor group 23,
- raw material powders such as aluminum oxide (alumina) and silica are formed into a sheet shape together with an organic solvent and a binder to produce a plurality of ceramic green sheets.
- a part of the produced ceramic green sheet is punched into a rectangular plate having a predetermined size that can be accommodated in at least a part of the microelectromechanical mechanism 12 of the microelectromechanical component 10.
- a part of the produced ceramic green sheet is punched into a shape of a predetermined dimension capable of forming the through conductors 22c and 23a.
- the surface of the ceramic green sheet constituting the insulating substrate 21 or the metal paste produced by kneading the copper powder and the glass powder together with an organic solvent or a binder by a predetermined printing method (for example, screen printing method) Print on the punched part for through conductor formation.
- the punched ceramic green sheet is laminated to a predetermined size that can be accommodated by the micro-electromechanical mechanism 12 and can form appropriate through conductors 22c, 23a, and is not punched. Is formed to a predetermined dimension.
- the wiring board 20 is produced as described above.
- the manufacturing method of the wiring board 20 is not limited to the above-described method, and a predetermined processing means (for example, mechanical cutting or laser light is used after manufacturing a fired body in which the punching portion for forming the through conductor is not formed.
- the punching portion for forming the through conductor may be formed by cutting).
- the manufacturing method of the wiring board 20 is not limited to the above-mentioned method by simultaneous firing, and a frame-like insulator such as brazing material, glass, or resin is formed on the outer peripheral portion of the upper surface of the plate-like insulator. You may employ
- the sealing material 30 is a member that forms a sealing space for sealing the microelectromechanical mechanism 12 in cooperation with the microelectromechanical component 10 and the wiring substrate 20, and is formed on the semiconductor substrate 11 at one end thereof. They are connected and connected to the conductor pattern 23b at the other end. Note that the sealing material 30 overlaps the conductor pattern 23b when seen in a plan view. As a result, a voltage can be uniformly applied to the sealing material 30 through the conductor pattern 23b.
- the material constituting the sealing material 30 include materials that function as a bonding material when a voltage is applied. Specifically, alkali metal, rare earth, or halogen ions having high ion conductivity with respect to glass. Such as silica glass or silica-boron glass And so on.
- the glass is an amorphous insulator structure containing a metal oxide such as silica or bismuth oxide (Bi).
- the conductive connecting member 40 is a member for obtaining electrical continuity between the electrode 13 of the microelectromechanical component 10 and the connection pad 22a of the wiring board 20. At one end of the conductive connecting member 40, the microelectromechanical component 10 It is electrically connected to the electrode 13 and connected to the connection pad 22a of the wiring board 20 at the other end.
- the conductive connection material 40 used when the semiconductor substrate 11 and the insulating substrate 21 are flip-chip bonded includes solder or brazing material used by heating and melting. It is common.
- the conductive connecting material 40 includes non-eutectic solder materials such as tin-lead, tin-silver, or tin-silver-copper, and low melting point solder such as gold-tin solder. , Silver-germanium-based high melting point brazing material, or conductive organic resin.
- glass is used as the sealing material 30, and by applying a voltage to the sealing material 30, one main surface of the semiconductor substrate 11 through the sealing material 30. 11a and the upper surface 21b of the insulating substrate 21 are joined. Therefore, unlike the case where solder or brazing material is used as the sealing material 30, the sealing material 30 is melted when the one main surface 11a of the semiconductor substrate 11 and the upper surface 21b of the insulating substrate 21 are joined. Spreading is suppressed. Even when a frame-shaped member is separately used as the sealing material 30, it is common to use solder or brazing material as the bonding material for bonding the semiconductor substrate and the frame-shaped member.
- the bonding material is bonded to the semiconductor substrate 11 by applying a voltage to the sealing material 30. Melting and spreading are suppressed. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of an electrical short circuit between the conductive connecting material 40 and the sealing material 30 due to the sealing material 30 or the bonding material melting and spreading. As a result, in the micro electro mechanical device X according to the present embodiment, the pitch between the sealing material 30 and the conductive connecting material 40 can be reduced, so that a small micro electro mechanical device can be realized. Become.
- the semiconductor substrate 11 also has silicon force and glass is used as the sealing material 30
- Pyrex (registered trademark) glass or the like having a thermal expansion coefficient close to that of the semiconductor substrate 11 to which alkali metal, rare earth, or halogen compound is added is used. Since it can be used with the semiconductor substrate 11
- the wiring board 20 can be joined without distortion and warpage.
- the microelectromechanical device X has a function of applying a voltage to the microelectromechanical component 10 having the microelectromechanical mechanism 12 configured on the one main surface 11a of the semiconductor substrate 11 and the sealing material 30. Forming a sealing space for sealing the micro electromechanical mechanism 12 in cooperation with the wiring substrate 20 having the second wiring conductor group 23 responsible for the micro electro mechanical component 10 and the wiring substrate 20, and And a sealing material 30 that functions as a bonding material by applying a voltage. Therefore, in the micro electro mechanical device X, the voltage can be applied by the second wiring conductor group 23 of the wiring board 20 to the sealing material 30 that functions as a bonding material by applying a voltage.
- Sealing can be performed by anodic bonding by employing a material that does not substantially contain an organic component as 30 (for example, a sealing material for anodic bonding).
- a material that does not substantially contain an organic component as 30 for example, a sealing material for anodic bonding.
- a sealing material for anodic bonding for example, a sealing material for anodic bonding.
- residues generated due to volatilization of organic components and the like can be substantially eliminated.
- Degradation of the characteristics of the microelectromechanical mechanism 12, especially when the conductive connecting material 40 is outside the sealing material 30, compared to when sealing is performed by joining with a sealing material that may cause component volatilization. Can be suppressed.
- the microelectromechanical device X in the semiconductor substrate 11, a region other than the region facing the electrode 13, preferably the inner region surrounded by the sealing material 30, the electrode 13 and Since the electrode layer 50 is provided in a region other than the region facing each of the wiring conductors 51, almost the entire surface of the semiconductor substrate 11 is covered with the electrode layer 50 when viewed in a plan view. Anodic bonding by 30 can be performed more easily.
- the wiring board 20 in the microelectromechanical device X has a second wiring conductor group 23 including a plurality of through conductors 23a and a conductor pattern 23b that is not a lead wire in response to applying a voltage to the sealing material 30. This is suitable for miniaturizing the micro electro mechanical device X.
- the microelectromechanical device X can be downsized as compared with the case where the lead wire is adopted as described above. As a result, the variation in the joining strength can be suppressed, and as a result, the occurrence of cracks or the like as a leak source can be suppressed. Therefore, in the micro electro mechanical device X, the hermetic sealing property of the sealing space where the micro electro mechanical mechanism 12 is positioned can be sufficiently ensured.
- the second wiring conductor group 23 of the wiring board 20 in the microelectromechanical device X is a third wiring conductor that is electrically connected to the plurality of through conductors 23a and extends in a direction intersecting with the plurality of through conductors 23a inside. It further includes a conductor layer 23c. Therefore, since the microelectronic device X can reduce the potential difference between the through conductors 23a, it is possible to reduce the potential variation in the conductor pattern 23b. That is, in the micro electro mechanical device X, the voltage can be applied more evenly to the encapsulant 30 through the conductor pattern 23b, so that the variation in the bonding strength due to the encapsulant 30 is suppressed, and as a result, leakage occurs. It is possible to suppress the generation of cracks and the like as a source. Therefore, in the micro electro mechanical device X, it is possible to sufficiently secure the hermetic sealing performance of the sealing space where the micro electro mechanical mechanism 12 is located.
- the microelectromechanical device X Since the microelectromechanical device X has a conductor layer 23c that extends in a direction intersecting with the plurality of through conductors 23a inside, the microelectromechanical mechanism 2 applies a voltage to the sealing material 30. After sealing, the second wiring conductor group 23 is grounded, so that the electrical noise acting from the outside acts on the accommodation area (sealing space) of the microelectromechanical mechanism 12 located above the conductor layer 23c. The influence can be reduced. Therefore, in the micro electro mechanical device X, it is possible to enhance the electrical shield function in the accommodation area (sealing space) of the micro electro mechanical mechanism 12.
- the plurality of through conductors 23a of the wiring board 20 in the micro electro mechanical device X are arranged so that equipotential lines generated in the conductor pattern 23b by the respective through conductors 23a have substantially the same shape. According to such a configuration, the potential difference between the through conductors 23a can be substantially eliminated, so that the variation in potential in the conductor pattern 23b can be further reduced. That is, in the microelectromechanical device X, the voltage can be more evenly applied to the sealing material 30 via the conductor pattern 23b, so that the variation in bonding strength due to the sealing material 30 is suppressed, and as a result, a leak source The occurrence of cracks and the like can be suppressed. Therefore, in the microelectromechanical device X, the sealed space where the microelectromechanical mechanism 12 is located is sealed. A sufficient sealing property can be secured.
- connection pad 22a is located outside the conductor pattern 23b when viewed in plan. That is, one end of the first wiring conductor group 22 is electrically connected to the electrode 13 on the outer side of the joining portion of the one main surface 11a and the first main surface 21b of the semiconductor substrate 11 by the sealing material 30.
- the connection pad 22a and the electrode 13 of the microelectromechanical component 10 are electrically bonded by a bonding material that can cause volatilization of organic components contained in the solder, the organic material generated from the solder Component force A force S that prevents diffusion (scattering) inward (in the sealed space where the microelectromechanical mechanism 12 is located) when viewed in plan from the conductor pattern 23b. Therefore, in the micro electro mechanical device X, the deterioration of the characteristics of the micro electro mechanical mechanism 12 can be suppressed.
- the electrical bonding state between the connecting pad 22a and the electrode 13 of the micro electromechanical component 10 can be performed by visual inspection. Therefore, it is not necessary to perform an X-ray bonding inspection on the electrical bonding state, so that the workability of the bonding inspection can be improved.
- the conductive connecting material 40 when the conductive connecting material 40 is outside the sealing material 30, the conductive connecting material 40 can be prevented from moving (invading) into the sealing space where the micro electro mechanical mechanism 12 is located. . Therefore, in the micro electro mechanical device X, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of a problem caused by the conductive connecting member 40 acting on the micro electro mechanical mechanism 12, and therefore, it is possible to improve the reliability S.
- glass is used as the sealing material 30, and a voltage is applied to the sealing material 30 to anodic-bond the sealing material 30 and the semiconductor substrate 11.
- the sealing material 30 made of glass is heated.
- the semiconductor substrate 11 and the insulating substrate 21 may be frit bonded by melting and solidifying again. In this case, since the sealing material 30 is melted and spreads, but is an insulating material, an electrical short circuit between the conductive connecting material 40 and the sealing material 30 can be prevented. Therefore, the pitch between the sealing material 30 and the conductive connecting material 40 can be narrowed, and a small microelectromechanical device can be realized.
- the electrode layer 50 and the second wiring conductor group 23 used when applying a voltage to the sealing material 30 are not necessary, and the microelectromechanical device X Can be manufactured more easily. Sealed When mechanical bonding (sealing) by the stopper 30 and electrical connection by the conductive connecting material 40 are performed simultaneously, the low-soft glass is used as the sealing material 30 for frit bonding, and the conductive connecting material. As 40, refractory metals are preferably used.
- a low-soft glass such as bismuth glass, phosphate glass, vanadium glass, or borosilicate glass
- the SnPb high melting point solder as the conductive connection material 40 is preferable.
- AnSn, Au, etc. are preferably used.
- frit bonding with the sealing material 30 is performed.
- the insulating substrate 21 has the first recess on the first main surface 21b side, and at least a part of the micro electro mechanical mechanism 12 is accommodated in the first recess 21a.
- 11 one main surface 11a and the first main surface 21b of the insulating substrate 21 can be brought closer to each other, whereby the micro-electromechanical component 10 and the wiring substrate 20 can be brought closer to each other.
- the height can be reduced and the size can be reduced.
- a semiconductor mother board B having a micro electromechanical component region A including a plurality of micro electromechanical components 10 as components is prepared.
- a semiconductor mother board B having a micro electromechanical component region A including a plurality of micro electromechanical components 10 as components is prepared.
- a microelectromechanical mechanism 12 and an electrode 13 are formed, respectively.
- a wiring mother board B having an insulating substrate region A including a plurality of wiring substrates 20 including the insulating substrate 21 as a component is prepared.
- Each of these components includes
- Connection pads 22a and conductor patterns 23b are respectively formed. Further, a conductive connecting material 40 is formed on the connection pad 22a, and a sealing material 30 is formed on the conductor pattern 23b. The conductive connecting material 40 is formed on the connection pad 22a. When using a tin-silver solder as the conductive connecting material 40, the solder ball is positioned on the connection pad 22a and heated and melted. This is done by bonding.
- the sealing material 30 is formed on the conductor pattern 23b by forming a glass layer by sputtering or the like, and aligning the glass mask formed in the same shape as the conductor pattern 23b with respect to the conductor pattern 23b. Thereafter, exposure and etching are performed.
- the sealing material 30 and the conductive connecting material 40 are previously formed at predetermined positions, the function of the sealing material 30 is improved. Since mechanical joining (sealing) and electrical connection by the conductive connecting material 40 can be performed simultaneously, the manufacturing workability of the microelectromechanical device X can be improved.
- the semiconductor mother board B and the wiring mother board B are connected through the sealing material 30.
- connection pads 22a of the board B are joined to each other through the conductive connection material 40, and the semiconductor mother
- each wiring board B Connection pad 22a For bonding to the pad 22a, when a tin-silver solder is used as the conductive connecting material 40 and the height of the conductive connecting material 40 and the sealing material 30 is substantially the same, each wiring board B Connection pad 22a
- thermocompression bonding at a predetermined temperature (for example, 250 to 300 ° C.) and a predetermined pressure (for example, 0 ⁇ IMPa).
- a predetermined temperature for example, 250 to 300 ° C.
- a predetermined pressure for example, 0 ⁇ IMPa
- each conductor pattern 23b of the wiring mother board B is used.
- a predetermined temperature for example, 2
- a predetermined voltage for example, 50 to 300 V
- pressure for example, 0. OlMPa
- the entire lower surface of the wiring mother board B can be used.
- a conductive plate (made of carbon resin or the like) for electrical conduction is arranged on the substrate, and a voltage is applied between the electrode layer 50 of the semiconductor mother board B and the conductive plate while applying pressure by the conductive plate.
- the wiring board B is interposed by the conductive plate.
- the conductive plate can apply a more even voltage to the entire encapsulant 30 via the plurality of through conductors 23a and the conductor pattern 23b. Can be applied. Therefore, when this method is adopted, the variation in the bonding strength in the entire sealing material 30 is suppressed, and as a result, the occurrence of cracks or the like as a leak source can be suppressed, so that the microelectromechanical mechanism 12 is located. Hermetic sealing of sealing space Can be secured sufficiently.
- the conductive connecting material 40 when a solder is used as the conductive connecting material 40, it is preferable to select a material for which the bonding temperature by the solder is higher than the bonding temperature by the sealing material 30. When such a material is selected, after sealing with the sealing material 30 first, the conductive connection material 40 can be electrically connected by the conductive connection material 40 after being raised to a predetermined temperature. It is possible to effectively prevent the organic components contained in the solder from adhering to the microelectromechanical mechanism 12.
- Each component constituting the small electromechanical device X is divided by a known dividing means (for example, dicing). As described above, the microelectromechanical device X can be obtained.
- the manufacturing method of the micro electro mechanical device X according to the present embodiment is suitable for increasing the productivity of the micro electro mechanical device X because a plurality of micro electro mechanical devices X can be obtained simultaneously and collectively.
- the heat for heating the sealing material 30 and the pressure for pressure are used. Therefore, such electrical joining and sealing with the sealing material 30 can be performed simultaneously. Therefore, the above-described manufacturing method is suitable for increasing the productivity of the microelectronic apparatus X.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a micro electro mechanical device XI according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- the microelectromechanical device XI includes a microelectromechanical component 10A, a wiring board 20, a sealing material 30, and a conductive connecting material 40.
- the microelectromechanical component 10A is provided inside the semiconductor substrate 11, one end is led out to the electrode layer 50 provided inside the semiconductor substrate 11, and the other end is opposed to the one main surface 11a of the semiconductor substrate 11.
- a fifth wiring conductor 60 led out to the surface l ib or the side surface (the other main surface l ib in this embodiment) is provided.
- a voltage can be applied to the sealing material 30 from the micro electro mechanical component 10A side via the fifth wiring conductor 60, and the micro electro mechanical component 10A and the wiring substrate 20 are sealed. Anodic bonding with the material 30 can be performed.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a micro electro mechanical device X2 according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
- the microelectromechanical device X2 includes a microelectromechanical component 10, a wiring board 20A, a sealing material 30, and a conductive connecting material 40.
- the insulating substrate 21A constituting the wiring substrate 20A has a second recess 70 and a third recess 72 along with the first recess 21a on the first main surface 21b side.
- the second recess 70 is provided so as to surround the outside of the first recess 21a in an annular shape.
- At least a part (all in this embodiment) of the sealing material 30 is accommodated in the second recess 70.
- the first recess 21a and the second recess 70 are continuous, and the first recess 21a and the second recess 70 constitute one recess 71. That is, in this one recess 71, the annular sealing material 30 is accommodated adjacent to the inner peripheral surface of the insulating substrate 21A that defines the one recess 71.
- the third recess 72 is provided outside the recess 71. Then, at least a part (all in this embodiment) of the conductive connecting member 40 is accommodated in the third recess 72.
- the sealing material 30 is accommodated in the second recess 70, that is, one recess 71, the one main surface 11a of the semiconductor substrate 11 and the first main surface 21b of the insulating substrate 21A are further separated. Accordingly, the microelectromechanical component 10 and the wiring board 20A can be brought closer to each other, so that the height of the device can be reduced and the size of the device can be reduced.
- the amount of the conductive connecting material 40 can be adjusted by the depth of the third recess 72.
- the connection strength between the electrode 13 of the microelectromechanical component 10 and the connection pad 22a of the wiring board 20 can be increased.
- each microelectromechanical device X includes one microelectromechanical mechanism 12, but a plurality of microelectromechanical mechanisms 12 may be configured in one microelectromechanical device. .
- the force with which the first recess 21a is formed in the insulating substrate 21 of the wiring board 20 is not necessarily required.
- a drive region (sealing space) of the micro electro mechanical mechanism 12 may be secured.
- the shape of the sealing material 30 and the shape of the conductor pattern 23b overlap. At least the sealing material 30 and the conductor pattern 23b are not necessarily required. I hope some of them overlap. However, the larger the overlapping area, the more efficiently the voltage can be applied to the sealing material 30 via the conductor pattern 23b.
- the external terminal for electrical connection between the wiring board 20 and an external electronic circuit board is not limited to the solder ball 23d, and a lead terminal or a conductive adhesive may be employed.
- a conductor layer to which a ground potential is supplied may be further formed inside the insulating substrate 21 in the veg wiring substrate 20 that enhances the electromagnetic shielding effect on the microelectromechanical mechanism 12.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Micromachines (AREA)
- Combinations Of Printed Boards (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US12/159,356 US8008739B2 (en) | 2005-12-26 | 2006-12-26 | Microelectromechanical apparatus and method for producing the same |
| CN2006800493017A CN101346815B (zh) | 2005-12-26 | 2006-12-26 | 微小电子机械装置及其制造方法 |
| JP2007551996A JP4675973B2 (ja) | 2005-12-26 | 2006-12-26 | 微小電子機械装置およびその製造方法ならびに配線基板 |
| EP06843363.0A EP1978555B1 (en) | 2005-12-26 | 2006-12-26 | Microelectronic machine and method for manufacturing same |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005371519 | 2005-12-26 | ||
| JP2005-371519 | 2005-12-26 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2007074846A1 true WO2007074846A1 (ja) | 2007-07-05 |
Family
ID=38218067
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2006/325979 Ceased WO2007074846A1 (ja) | 2005-12-26 | 2006-12-26 | 微小電子機械装置およびその製造方法 |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US8008739B2 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP1978555B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP4675973B2 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR100995301B1 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN101346815B (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2007074846A1 (ja) |
Cited By (4)
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| JP2013511073A (ja) * | 2009-11-16 | 2013-03-28 | クォルコム・メムズ・テクノロジーズ・インコーポレーテッド | 電気的に接続されたフロントプレートおよびバックプレートを有するディスプレイデバイスを製造するためのシステムおよび方法 |
| JP5292307B2 (ja) * | 2007-11-29 | 2013-09-18 | 京セラ株式会社 | 光学装置、封止用基板および光学装置の製造方法 |
| JP2019129189A (ja) * | 2018-01-22 | 2019-08-01 | 京セラ株式会社 | 配線基板、パッケージおよび電子装置 |
| JP2019133987A (ja) * | 2018-01-29 | 2019-08-08 | 京セラ株式会社 | 電子部品収納用基板およびこれを用いたパッケージ |
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| US8023269B2 (en) * | 2008-08-15 | 2011-09-20 | Siemens Energy, Inc. | Wireless telemetry electronic circuit board for high temperature environments |
| US7943411B2 (en) * | 2008-09-10 | 2011-05-17 | Analog Devices, Inc. | Apparatus and method of wafer bonding using compatible alloy |
| US8125042B2 (en) * | 2008-11-13 | 2012-02-28 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Semiconductor package and method of manufacturing the same |
| JP5468242B2 (ja) * | 2008-11-21 | 2014-04-09 | 株式会社東芝 | Memsパッケージおよびmemsパッケージの製造方法 |
| US8304274B2 (en) * | 2009-02-13 | 2012-11-06 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Micro-electro-mechanical system having movable element integrated into substrate-based package |
| TW201103626A (en) * | 2009-04-28 | 2011-02-01 | Corning Inc | Microreactors with connectors sealed thereon; their manufacture |
| TWI397157B (zh) * | 2009-12-28 | 2013-05-21 | 矽品精密工業股份有限公司 | 具微機電元件之封裝結構及其製法 |
| FR2968647A1 (fr) * | 2010-12-08 | 2012-06-15 | Kfm Technology | Circuit comportant un composant recouvert d'un capot, procede pour realiser un tel circuit et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre dudit procede |
| US9278849B2 (en) | 2012-06-15 | 2016-03-08 | The Boeing Company | Micro-sensor package and associated method of assembling the same |
| US9791470B2 (en) * | 2013-12-27 | 2017-10-17 | Intel Corporation | Magnet placement for integrated sensor packages |
| US9666498B2 (en) * | 2014-06-02 | 2017-05-30 | Qorvo Us, Inc. | Ring-frame power package |
| US10008473B2 (en) | 2014-06-02 | 2018-06-26 | Qorvo Us, Inc. | Power package lid |
| US10199313B2 (en) | 2014-06-02 | 2019-02-05 | Qorvo Us, Inc. | Ring-frame power package |
| US9771258B2 (en) * | 2015-06-24 | 2017-09-26 | Raytheon Company | Wafer level MEMS package including dual seal ring |
| EP3738922A1 (en) * | 2019-05-13 | 2020-11-18 | AT & S Austria Technologie & Systemtechnik Aktiengesellschaft | Hermetic optical component package having organic portion and inorganic portion |
| JP7476708B2 (ja) * | 2020-07-30 | 2024-05-01 | 日本電気株式会社 | 気密封止パッケージ、赤外線検知器及び気密封止パッケージの製造方法 |
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- 2006-12-26 CN CN2006800493017A patent/CN101346815B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-12-26 US US12/159,356 patent/US8008739B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-12-26 KR KR1020087018469A patent/KR100995301B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-12-26 JP JP2007551996A patent/JP4675973B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| JP5292307B2 (ja) * | 2007-11-29 | 2013-09-18 | 京セラ株式会社 | 光学装置、封止用基板および光学装置の製造方法 |
| JP2013511073A (ja) * | 2009-11-16 | 2013-03-28 | クォルコム・メムズ・テクノロジーズ・インコーポレーテッド | 電気的に接続されたフロントプレートおよびバックプレートを有するディスプレイデバイスを製造するためのシステムおよび方法 |
| US9090456B2 (en) | 2009-11-16 | 2015-07-28 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | System and method of manufacturing an electromechanical device by printing raised conductive contours |
| JP2019129189A (ja) * | 2018-01-22 | 2019-08-01 | 京セラ株式会社 | 配線基板、パッケージおよび電子装置 |
| JP2019133987A (ja) * | 2018-01-29 | 2019-08-08 | 京セラ株式会社 | 電子部品収納用基板およびこれを用いたパッケージ |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN101346815B (zh) | 2012-03-28 |
| JP4675973B2 (ja) | 2011-04-27 |
| EP1978555A4 (en) | 2012-08-08 |
| CN101346815A (zh) | 2009-01-14 |
| US20100176468A1 (en) | 2010-07-15 |
| KR100995301B1 (ko) | 2010-11-19 |
| JPWO2007074846A1 (ja) | 2009-06-04 |
| KR20080080413A (ko) | 2008-09-03 |
| EP1978555A1 (en) | 2008-10-08 |
| US8008739B2 (en) | 2011-08-30 |
| EP1978555B1 (en) | 2016-12-28 |
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