WO2007090965A1 - Vehicule automobile electrique ou hybride a systeme de conditionnement thermique valorisant les sources de bas niveau - Google Patents
Vehicule automobile electrique ou hybride a systeme de conditionnement thermique valorisant les sources de bas niveau Download PDFInfo
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- WO2007090965A1 WO2007090965A1 PCT/FR2007/000226 FR2007000226W WO2007090965A1 WO 2007090965 A1 WO2007090965 A1 WO 2007090965A1 FR 2007000226 W FR2007000226 W FR 2007000226W WO 2007090965 A1 WO2007090965 A1 WO 2007090965A1
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- loop
- motor vehicle
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- heat
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00271—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit
- B60H1/00278—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit for the battery
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00357—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles
- B60H1/00385—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell
- B60H1/004—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell for vehicles having a combustion engine and electric drive means, e.g. hybrid electric vehicles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00492—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices comprising regenerative heating or cooling means, e.g. heat accumulators
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
- B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
- B60H1/00885—Controlling the flow of heating or cooling liquid, e.g. valves or pumps
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
- B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
- B60H1/00899—Controlling the flow of liquid in a heat pump system
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/02—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant
- B60H1/03—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant and from a source other than the propulsion plant
- B60H1/039—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant and from a source other than the propulsion plant from air leaving the interior of the vehicle, i.e. heat recovery
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/32—Cooling devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00271—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit
- B60H2001/00307—Component temperature regulation using a liquid flow
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
- B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
- B60H2001/00928—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices comprising a secondary circuit
Definitions
- the invention relates to a motor vehicle comprising a drive motor driving low heat rejection wheels, including an electric motor possibly combined with a heat engine.
- the vehicle is commonly referred to as a hybrid vehicle.
- electric or hybrid motor vehicles must incorporate a cabin air temperature system. These packaging systems ensure passenger comfort as well as additional functions such as demisting and defrosting glass surfaces.
- the passenger compartment conditioning systems of thermal vehicles consume a quantity of energy that is incompatible with that available in electric vehicles, or even hybrid vehicles, insofar as, for the latter, the combustion engine can be stopped over a long period of time.
- this refrigerant loop extended and distributed in the engine compartment, contains a large amount of refrigerant gas, a powerful contributor to the greenhouse effect and hardly confined during the life of the vehicle.
- Controlling the diffusion of this gas in the atmosphere is all the more illusory that any mechanical intervention on the powertrain requires the purging of the refrigerant loop, and that the condenser-exchanger in which this gas circulates, on the front of the vehicle - , is one of the first organs to be damaged in the event of a frontal impact.
- the high thermal inertia of the internal combustion engine makes it possible to maintain comfort for a certain time. This duration can be usefully prolonged thanks to an auxiliary electrical resistance, typically on the air entering the passenger compartment.
- the engine cools down, or when the battery is too discharged, the engine is automatically restarted.
- air conditioning the restorable thermal inertia is low and must be quickly relayed.
- the solution currently chosen is a double compressor, delivering full power in mechanical drive, and a more modest holding power, in electric drive. It is naturally more expensive and bulky than a simple mechanical compressor.
- the heat engine is automatically restarted if the demand for comfort is no longer ensured (by strong heat and strong sunshine) or when the battery is too discharged.
- Electric or hybrid vehicles with significant electric autonomy are equipped as follows: • For heating, an electrical resistance on the air or on the water, or a boiler of the boiler type additional for "cold weather" vehicle
- the first solution offers benefits far behind those of a thermal vehicle while greatly reducing the autonomy in pure electricity.
- the second which burns fuel and releases CO2 and other air pollutants, acceptable on a hybrid despite its cost, is hardly homogeneous with the vocation of an electric vehicle.
- the heat pump - which consists of a refrigeration loop such as that used in air conditioning, but reversible in winter - allows, in a single system, to meet both the heating and cooling needs of the cockpit.
- the heat pump has a very high efficiency, expressed as the ratio of the energy returned to the cabin to the energy consumed. Also called coefficient of performance or COP, this ratio can commonly be between 2 and 3 in air conditioning, a little more heating. What provide heating and cooling services identical to those of a thermal vehicle by devoting a tolerable part of the energy of the traction battery.
- heat pump with magnetocaloric materials heat pump with Stirling cycle, in particular.
- the aim of the present invention is to propose a global thermal architecture that integrates all the needs, thermal resources and other constraints of an electric or hybrid automobile with electric autonomy, optimized so as to be satisfied with the limited performance of heat pump currently available, the present invention is applicable with any type of heat pump.
- the invention is not limited to light motor vehicles with electric autonomy. It is relevant for any type of autonomous cabin vehicle obeying constraints of the automotive type, the thermal conditioning of the passenger compartment is at least partially provided by a heat pump to borrow at least a portion of its thermal resource to the outside air, heating and air conditioning.
- the heat pump technologies available can hardly meet the power density and energy efficiency objectives of the thermal conditioning of the passenger compartment of electric vehicles by bringing the temperature range between the interface as close as possible. of rejection and the distribution interface of said heat pump, the amplitude of the temperatures between the air introduced into the passenger compartment and the outside air.
- the difficulty is to achieve this within the very constrained volume limits of the exchangers of the heating / air conditioning unit, or HVAC, and the front of the vehicle.
- the different components of the power train have varying thermal regulation needs according to the organs and the conditions of use, in power and especially in temperature levels.
- the present invention takes into account, and for some of them, supports the thermal conditioning requirements of the components of the power train.
- the case of the hybrid vehicle with electric autonomy is particularly critical for the access to heat exchange capacities with the outside air.
- the engine whose rejects are abundant but at high temperature, requires a dedicated exchanger.
- the heat pump and the rest of the power train have smaller, yet occasionally large, rejects, and especially temperatures often close to that of the outside air, and therefore require large exchange surfaces.
- thermo-hydraulic components In parallel networks, all these needs must be integrated into a single thermal management system, both in its physical architecture and in its logic of operation.
- the heat exchanger In heating, to borrow heat from outside air, the heat exchanger must be at a lower temperature than the air temperature.
- the coolant flowing through the exchanger is typically negative temperature.
- the water vapor contained in the air in a quantity still relatively important at these temperatures, tends to condense and freeze, until an accumulation of frost which quickly clogs the exchanger.
- the phenomenon of icing, very problematic for automotive applications where the heat exchanger surfaces are limited, is a major obstacle to the use of the heat pump in the automobile.
- the thermal conditioning of the passenger compartment actually has three components: heating, air conditioning and hygrometry control, in particular to prevent fogging on the windshield.
- the drying of the air introduced into the passenger compartment is done by condensation of excess water vapor on a first exchanger associated with the air conditioning, the air then being heated on a second heat exchanger. heating, as needed.
- the solution must be able to be adapted to the groups of heating and cooling of the market, as well as to the conventional systems of automobile facade exchangers.
- the solution must respect the constraint of maintaining full compatibility with the original heating and cooling unit, its logic of control for the versions with automatic thermal conditioning, the layout of the passenger compartment, the installation of the "thermal suitcase” (motorcycle fan unit plus exchangers on outside air) and the volumes allocated to the exchangers on the front of the vehicle.
- thermal architecture able to take advantage of the currently available performance with available heat pump technologies, which meets all the objectives set and provides a complete solution to the above problems.
- the invention proposes a motor vehicle comprising a motor with low heat rejection drive wheels and a conditioning system air temperature of the passenger compartment, said conditioning system comprising a heat pump reversible which conditions in temperature respectively a distribution loop and a discharge loop traversed by a coolant, wherein the distribution loop is connected to an exchanger with the air entering the passenger compartment and is connectable by a solenoid valve to another exchanger with the air entering the cabin, the rejection loop being connected to an exchanger with the outside air, said reject loop being further connected to the engine so as to heat exchange with said engine.
- FIGS. 1 to 6 respectively represent an embodiment of an air temperature conditioning system of the passenger compartment. a vehicle according to the invention. The embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is described below.
- the conditioning system includes a compact reversible PAC heat pump, including internal technology - steam compression cycle, magneto-caloric effect machine, Stirling machine, effect system
- the PAC pump is connected to two circuits traversed by a coolant, typically brine.
- the distribution circuit D1 is connected to the HVAC heating / air conditioning unit of the cabin CAB.
- This group is of conventional construction, and its operation detailed further. More precisely, it is permanently connected to the "air heater”, which we will call here H2 exchanger and it is connectable, depending on the position of the solenoid valve EV1, to the exchanger H1 (or “evaporator” to use the conventional denomination this exchanger which is normally part of the air conditioning circuit of a conventional vehicle, served by a refrigerant, but which, according to a preferred embodiment, is here diverted from its original function, or is substituted where appropriate, and is traversed by the coolant).
- the rejection circuit RE is connected on the one hand to the electric motor ME and its electronic drive housing or "DRIVE", in series or bypass according to the position of the solenoid valve EV2, and to the exchanger F1 of front facade on the outside air.
- a branch of this circuit is further connectable to the exchanger H1 via the solenoid valve EV1.
- the different branches are driven by appropriate electric pumps (P1 to P3, in Figure 1).
- An expansion tank R reserve of heat transfer fluid, pressurized and degassing, is common to both circuits D1, RE. Continuously fed from above by the distribution circuit D1, as shown, it also constitutes a thermal inertia which stabilizes the distribution loop which naturally has little thermal inertia, unlike the rejection loop which integrates the motor ME, and also contrary to the heating circuit of a conventional vehicle which contains the internal combustion engine. A fairly large and thermally insulated tank will be favored for this reason.
- this buffer storage is incorporated inside the tank a hollow cellular structure - continuous or consisting of a stack of hollow elementary volumes - around which the heat transfer fluid can flow freely, and containing one or more phase change materials whose transition temperatures correspond to the optimum temperature ranges of the heating and refrigeration distribution loop.
- this heat reserve makes it possible to immediately have air introduced into the passenger compartment at a temperature when the vehicle is restarted after stopping for a few tens of minutes, or relay the PAC pump for a few minutes, during a possible defrost operation of the exchanger F1, or when in exceptional conditions (for example in a coast with a very high outside temperature), the PAC pump must temporarily disappear in favor of the cooling of the electric motor ME.
- the heat pump PAC warms the distribution loop Dl and cools the RE reject loop.
- variable solenoid valve EV1 mixes heat transfer fluids from the distribution loop D1 (hot) and the RE (cold) discharge loop, respectively, so that the exchanger H1 preheats the air introduced into the passenger compartment.
- the position of the mixing flap V is either controlled by the cockpit conditioning computer, or linked to the manual temperature control available to the driver. In both cases, the solenoid valve EV1 moves the mixture to the "hot” as the outside temperature T2 decreases, quickly in the first case, more gradually in the second so as to stabilize the response of the manual control heating.
- the heat pump retains the same working direction, but the solenoid valve EV1 is positioned so that the heat exchanger H1 is now fed by cold liquid regulated by the solenoid valve EV1, always by mixing fluids from the distribution and rejection loops, at a temperature substantially lower than that of the outside air T2, but greater than 0 0 C to prevent icing.
- the fresh air introduced into the passenger compartment can thus discharge some of its moisture by giving up latent heat to the heat exchanger H1 and then heat up on the exchanger H2 as required, before entering the cabin. .
- This latent heat is recovered on the RE reject loop and valorized as a heat pump resource PAC.
- the heat pump With abundant thermal resources tempered on its rejection loop, the heat pump has no trouble delivering 60 0 C on its distribution loop, very sufficient temperature to ensure good heating in these conditions. If, however, the heating power becomes limited to ensure a suitable temperature of the air introduced into the passenger compartment, especially at low temperatures and high speeds of the blower (fan of the HVAC group), the computer intervenes on the solenoid valve EV1 to heat the H1 exchanger as needed.
- the device can be completed by an EV3 recirculation solenoid valve. It is mainly justified to promote the rapid convergence, after start-up, of the temperature of the fluid supplying the distribution loop D1 at the outlet of the PAC pump, for heat pump technologies that would have difficulty reaching their full performance quickly. Its presence will be used as a complementary means to regulate the heating power, this time by reducing the flow of water through the exchangers H1 and H2. The combination of the two means must make it possible to find in each case the most economical operating point.
- the solenoid valve EV2 On the reject side RE, when the heat pump PAC is in the "heating" configuration, the solenoid valve EV2 is positioned so that the engine (and its drive) ME is serviced upstream and in series with respect to the pump PAC, for make the best use of its thermal emissions.
- the solenoid valve EV2 when the pump PAC is reversed, by "high heat” as described above, the solenoid valve EV2 is positioned so that the motor ME and the pump PAC, are served in parallel, so that the one and the the other are supplied with liquid directly from the front-end exchanger on the outside air F1, which is provided to have optimum efficiency at the increased flow rate corresponding to this configuration.
- the compressor should not consume more than 2 kW in extreme conditions, and much less in more representative conditions, thanks in particular to the valuation of thermal emissions from the electric motor and condensation of excess fuel. water from the air introduced into the cockpit. For the majority of uses, the impact on autonomy will not be too noticeable.
- the temperature range between the heat pump's discharge and distribution interfaces is very significantly reduced, thanks in part to the combination of the two heat exchangers of the heating unit under the extreme conditions, as we have seen , but also rejection side, thanks to the valuation of thermal emissions of the electric motor, which minimizes the energy to be borrowed from the outside environment and therefore allows a rejection temperature a little lower, constant exchanger.
- the heat pump module compact and implantable in close proximity to the heating unit, facilitates the isolation of sensitive areas and minimizes the length of the path, thus effectively containing heat losses.
- the presence of the two glycolated buffer secondary loops is beneficial for stabilizing the operating points, compared to the usual case where the condenser and the evaporator are directly subjected to the hazards of the external conditions.
- the thermal inertia of the electric motor on the reject loop, and the brine reserve on the distribution loop effectively contribute to stabilize the two loops.
- the refrigerant in the case of a steam compression heat pump
- the refrigerant is contained in the compact heat pump module, which is completely sealed. All mechanical interventions, except those on the pump itself which are done in the workshop after removal of the module, are done without purging the refrigerant.
- Defogging is treated very efficiently, conventional in the automobile, by condensing the water vapor on the exchanger H1 cooled by the rejection loop, while the exchanger H2 ensures the heating of the air, noticing that the conditions in which the air entering the passenger compartment needs to be dehumidified correspond to moderate heating requirements, for which it is not necessary to mobilize the two heat exchangers of the heating unit.
- the proposed system uses standard automotive components in optimized numbers, as small as possible. It is compatible with any group of heating and air conditioning of origin, without any other modification except the access to the setpoint of temperature (at least, the position of the shutter of mix V) and the implantation of a temperature sensor of air blown if it does not exist. It leaves unchanged the layout of the cabin, does not question the heat exchangers of the HVAC group and retains the layout and volumes of front wall heat exchangers.
- the driving logic of the system coexists with the eventual thermal conditioning computer of the passenger compartment, without modification or reparameterization of the latter, except for the neutralization - or the simulation as the case may be - of information inputs from deleted as the air conditioning compressor.
- the temperature control of the first exchanger on the air entering the cockpit via the mixing solenoid valve with the rejection loop completes the action of the mixing flap by reacting to the setpoint variations - manual or given by the control unit.
- HVAC group passenger compartment conditioning for example read through the movements of the flap, thus potentially without interfering with said eventual cabin control computer which remains master, so as to preserve the continuity of the amplitude and the progressivity of the cabin.
- This driving logic is easily implantable in the onboard computer or a dedicated computer. Its programming is simple, deterministic, largely predefined: a minimum number of parameters has to be adjusted according to the application, most of them calculable. Thus, the solution is implantable without questioning the optimization and fine tuning of the HVAC group with respect to the specificities of the model for which it was developed.
- the embodiment of FIG. 2 is described below which adds to the previous mode the thermal conditioning of the traction battery BAT.
- Traction batteries typically have an internal temperature range corresponding to an optimum compromise between performance (power and energy restored) and longevity.
- the battery for certain lithium-based chemistries, it may be desired to operate the battery preferably between 20 0 C and 40 0 C. The maintenance of these conditions in summer and winter will ensure a high stability of the performance and autonomy of the vehicle. Since the variations in the outside temperature greatly exceed the operating temperature range, the battery will preferably be thermally insulated from the outside environment.
- the present invention provides support for the thermal conditioning requirements of batteries whose operating temperature range is covered by the temperature range of the heat pump.
- the battery degrades a percentage of its energy into heat, low on average (a few hundred watts), but very variable and potentially much more intense for short periods depending on the conditions of use.
- the battery can be mainly thermally managed by thermal preconditioning during its recharge on the sector, using the resources of the internal thermal management system of the vehicle, so that the latter is only exceptionally requested for the battery while driving.
- the homogeneity of the temperatures inside the battery is of primary importance. Even without the need for heat exchange with the battery while driving, the thermal management system must be able to maintain the internal thermal homogeneity of the battery.
- thermal management system of the battery the primary objective of a thermal management system of the battery is to prevent it from reaching internal temperatures from which it would present risks of exothermic runaway. If for some reason, in principle dysfunctional, a warning threshold is reached, the thermal management system of the vehicle must be able to mobilize priority resources to powerfully cool the battery.
- the battery BAT has an independent heat transfer fluid loop powered by the pump P5, connected to the distribution loop D1 and to the reject loop RE by the switching solenoid valve EV7, while the solenoid valve recirculation EV6 adjusts the rate of renewal of the fluid of the loop.
- the proposed arrangement makes it possible to maintain a permanent circulation of the coolant in the battery to homogenize its internal temperatures. If there is a need for heating or cooling, the EV6 solenoid valve allows a certain flow of fluid to return to the vehicle's circuits, leaving room for new fluid entering the solenoid valve EV7, hot or cold as required and removed. in the distribution circuit D1 or reject RE depending on the configuration of the heat pump (heating or refrigeration) of the moment. The process is managed by the vehicle's computer according to the temperature of the loops.
- FIG. 3 The embodiment of FIG. 3 is described below which adds to the previous mode the thermal recovery on the air extracted from the passenger compartment.
- the average temperature difference between the fluid and the extracted air may be 25 ° C.
- the exchanger will quickly freeze, the temperature differential will fall around 15 ° C, but the recovery of the latent heat of condensation from the water vapor, contributes here largely to the total recoverable power.
- the exchanger on the air extracted from the passenger compartment E is disposed at the rear of the vehicle, in line with the air extractor. It is fed from the reject loop, with fluid taken out of the PAC pump. It is integrated in a secondary control loop animated by a circulator P6, controlled by a thermostatic valve C1, which keeps the loop at a temperature greater than or equal to 0 0 C, avoiding any risk of icing.
- the recovery module also includes a device for collecting and discharging the condensation water. Optionally, it can be equipped with a mini-blower, which allows to operate a more powerful exchanger. In the practical embodiment, it is important to provide a capacity to evacuate the overpressure of doors breakdown, by an exchanger having a passage section on sufficient air or preferably by a parallel evacuation device, flap , so normally shut off outside these circumstances.
- the buffer thermal inertia constituted by the tank R arranged for this purpose, it may be desired to have a larger thermal reserve, which can be preconditioned during charging at the socket, hot or cold according to the season.
- the ST thermal storage can restore "free" energy, especially in addition to power during critical phases such as restarting after prolonged parking (cold or in the sun).
- the distribution loop D1 is connected to said reserve so as to heat exchange with it, in particular by integrating the thermal energy inertial reserve ST to the distribution loop D1 upstream of the heat exchangers H1, H2 with the incoming air. in the cockpit CAB.
- the thermal energy inertial reserve ST may comprise an amount of one or more phase change materials in a determined temperature range
- the distribution loop D1 comprises a solenoid valve EV4 which isolates the ST inertial reserve of said distribution loop.
- the solenoid valve EV4 isolates it from the distribution circuit, in the case where it would be empty or unfavorably conditioned with respect to the needs of the moment, so as not to compromise the responsiveness of the packaging system.
- FIG. 5 The embodiment of FIG. 5 is described below which adds to the previous mode an internal combustion engine MC.
- the internal combustion engine MC has its own cooling circuit, conventionally comprising an exchanger F2 an integrated pump P4 and a calorstat C2 which regulates the temperature of the brine by recirculating all or part of its flow in the engine by passing the exchanger F2.
- the water outlets conventionally provided for the heating of the cabin are here connected to the distribution loop D1 under the control of the stop solenoid valve EV5.
- the cooling loop of the internal combustion engine shares the same tank R of coolant reserve, pressurizing and degassing , described above. This tank is actually unique in the vehicle and supplies the entire heat transfer fluid network.
- the motor vehicle further comprises a second heat pump PAC2 whose reject loop RE2 serves the exchanger F1, the distribution loop of said second heat pump being connectable to the rejection loop RE via an EV8 solenoid valve.
- the two heat pumps determine between them an intermediate loop isolated from the exchanger F1 and serving the motor ME, and any other following organs: housing DRIVE motor control electronics, exchangers on the air introduced into the passenger compartment H1, H2, battery BAT, exchanger on the air extracted from the passenger compartment E.
- the exchanger F1 is substituted, with respect to the heat pump PAC, said heat pump PAC2 in the RE reject loop.
- a recommendable palliative for these exceptional situations may be the addition of an electrical resistance to the air introduced into the passenger compartment, a standard feature on most heating units to accelerate the warming up of the passenger compartment. while the engine heats, which can advantageously be reused here as a backup resource.
- a relay heat pump of 3 KW working between [- 40 0 C, 0 0 C] could use a dedicated refrigerant, benefit from a favorable COP on this reduced range and, moreover non-reversible, be particularly compact. In addition, it would only be operated for a reduced period of the year.
- Figure 6 shows how the previous thermal architecture is evolving by dividing the heat pump PAC, with a wide range and flexibility of operation, into two specialized cascade heat pumps.
- the circulation is exactly the same as before: the loop serves in parallel the electric motor ME and then the exchanger F1, the secondary heat pump PAC2 being disconnected from the circuit by the solenoid valve EV8 and stopping the pump P7.
- the RE reject loop returns to the distribution interface of the heat pump PAC2 via the solenoid valve EV8 while the motor ME remains in parallel between the two heat pumps.
- This loop intermediate side stabilizes around 0 0 C.
- Side rejection of the PAC2 pump, the RE2 loop is now animated by the pump P7 and serves the exchanger F1.
- this arrangement makes it possible to condense a portion of the water vapor contained in the air introduced into the passenger compartment and thus effectively control the hygrometry of the passenger compartment, avoiding fogging of the glazed surfaces.
- the heat pump is configured for heating.
- EV1 feeds H1 with cold fluid taken from the reject loop RE
- EV9 supplies H2 with hot fluid taken from the distribution loop D1.
- the heat pump PAC no longer has the necessary resources to ensure comfort.
- This situation is analyzed by the on-board computer which controls the inversion of the heat pump in refrigeration configuration, and simultaneously the inversion of solenoid valves EV1 and EV9.
- the control logic integrates a hysteresis, so as to avoid the untimely alternating inversions of the heat pump.
- the valve EV3 reduces the flow in H1 and H2 proportionally to the demand in the case of an automatic packaging system, by example read through the position of the flap V, or according to a specific strategy, for example associated with the measurement of the temperature T1 of the air diffused into the passenger compartment, in the case of a manually operated group.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
- Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (12)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| BRPI0706899-9A BRPI0706899A2 (pt) | 2006-02-09 | 2007-02-07 | veìculo automotor |
| MX2008010142A MX2008010142A (es) | 2006-02-09 | 2007-02-07 | Vehiculo de motor electrico o hibrido con sistema de acondicionamiento termico que aumenta fuentes de nivel bajo. |
| EP07730942A EP1981726B1 (fr) | 2006-02-09 | 2007-02-07 | Vehicule automobile electrique ou hybride a systeme de conditionnement thermique valorisant les sources de bas niveau |
| JP2008553796A JP4995207B2 (ja) | 2006-02-09 | 2007-02-07 | 低レベル資源を向上させる熱調節システムを備えた電気あるいはハイブリッド自動車 |
| DK07730942T DK1981726T3 (da) | 2006-02-09 | 2007-02-07 | Elektrisk eller hybridt motorköretöj med varmekonditioneringssystem til opgradering af lavniveau-kilder |
| DE602007002382T DE602007002382D1 (de) | 2006-02-09 | 2007-02-07 | Elektrisches oder hybdridmotorfahrzeug mit wärmeregelungssystem zur aktualisierung von low-level-quellen |
| CA2640368A CA2640368C (fr) | 2006-02-09 | 2007-02-07 | Vehicule automobile electrique ou hybride a systeme de conditionnement thermique valorisant les sources de bas niveau |
| US12/278,451 US8371512B2 (en) | 2006-02-09 | 2007-02-07 | Electrical or hybrid motor vehicle with thermal conditioning system upgrading low-level sources |
| PL07730942T PL1981726T3 (pl) | 2006-02-09 | 2007-02-07 | Pojazd z silnikiem elektrycznym lub hybrydowym z systemem kondycjonowania temperatury usprawniającym źródła niskiego poziomu |
| AT07730942T ATE442271T1 (de) | 2006-02-09 | 2007-02-07 | Elektrisches oder hybdridmotorfahrzeug mit wärmeregelungssystem zur aktualisierung von low- level-quellen |
| CN2007800048916A CN101378923B (zh) | 2006-02-09 | 2007-02-07 | 利用低级资源的热调节系统式电动或混合动力机动车 |
| NO20083383A NO20083383L (no) | 2006-02-09 | 2008-07-31 | Elektrisk eller hybridmotorkjoretoy med termisk luftbehandlingssystem som oppgraderer lavniva-kilder |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0601184 | 2006-02-09 | ||
| FR0601184A FR2897016A1 (fr) | 2006-02-09 | 2006-02-09 | Vehicule automobile electrique ou hybride a systeme de conditionnement thermique valorisant les sources de bas niveau |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2007090965A1 true WO2007090965A1 (fr) | 2007-08-16 |
Family
ID=37076046
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR2007/000226 Ceased WO2007090965A1 (fr) | 2006-02-09 | 2007-02-07 | Vehicule automobile electrique ou hybride a systeme de conditionnement thermique valorisant les sources de bas niveau |
Country Status (17)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US8371512B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP1981726B1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP4995207B2 (fr) |
| KR (1) | KR20080108098A (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN101378923B (fr) |
| AT (1) | ATE442271T1 (fr) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0706899A2 (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA2640368C (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE602007002382D1 (fr) |
| DK (1) | DK1981726T3 (fr) |
| ES (1) | ES2331932T3 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2897016A1 (fr) |
| MX (1) | MX2008010142A (fr) |
| NO (1) | NO20083383L (fr) |
| PL (1) | PL1981726T3 (fr) |
| PT (1) | PT1981726E (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2007090965A1 (fr) |
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| US20110104530A1 (en) * | 2008-07-07 | 2011-05-05 | Dow Kokam France S.A.S. | Method and device providing the temperature regulation of a rechargeable electrical energy storage battery |
| WO2012059663A1 (fr) | 2010-11-04 | 2012-05-10 | Peugeot Citroën Automobiles SA | Procede et dispositif de regulation thermique |
| US20220305876A1 (en) * | 2021-03-24 | 2022-09-29 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Methods and systems for instant cabin heat for a vehicle |
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| EP1176036A1 (fr) * | 2000-07-28 | 2002-01-30 | Valeo Climatisation | Dispositif de chauffage-climatisation de l'habitacle d'un véhicule automobile |
| EP1329344A1 (fr) * | 2002-01-16 | 2003-07-23 | Renault s.a.s. | Dispositif de gestion thermique, notamment pour véhicule automobile équipé d'une pile à combustible |
| FR2876323A1 (fr) * | 2004-10-12 | 2006-04-14 | Renault Sas | Dispositif et procede de regulation de la temperature de l'habitacle d'un vehicule automobile |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2071255A1 (fr) * | 2007-12-14 | 2009-06-17 | Liebherr-Hausgeräte Ochsenhausen GmbH | Appareil de réfrigération et/ou de refroidissement utilisant l'effet magnéto-calorique |
| US20110104530A1 (en) * | 2008-07-07 | 2011-05-05 | Dow Kokam France S.A.S. | Method and device providing the temperature regulation of a rechargeable electrical energy storage battery |
| WO2012059663A1 (fr) | 2010-11-04 | 2012-05-10 | Peugeot Citroën Automobiles SA | Procede et dispositif de regulation thermique |
| US20220305876A1 (en) * | 2021-03-24 | 2022-09-29 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Methods and systems for instant cabin heat for a vehicle |
| US12023983B2 (en) * | 2021-03-24 | 2024-07-02 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Methods and systems for instant cabin heat for a vehicle |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN101378923A (zh) | 2009-03-04 |
| EP1981726B1 (fr) | 2009-09-09 |
| US8371512B2 (en) | 2013-02-12 |
| NO20083383L (no) | 2008-09-25 |
| PT1981726E (pt) | 2009-11-12 |
| US20090020620A1 (en) | 2009-01-22 |
| JP4995207B2 (ja) | 2012-08-08 |
| KR20080108098A (ko) | 2008-12-11 |
| JP2009525914A (ja) | 2009-07-16 |
| BRPI0706899A2 (pt) | 2011-04-12 |
| FR2897016A1 (fr) | 2007-08-10 |
| CA2640368A1 (fr) | 2007-08-16 |
| ATE442271T1 (de) | 2009-09-15 |
| CN101378923B (zh) | 2010-08-25 |
| MX2008010142A (es) | 2008-11-06 |
| DK1981726T3 (da) | 2009-12-14 |
| PL1981726T3 (pl) | 2010-02-26 |
| EP1981726A1 (fr) | 2008-10-22 |
| DE602007002382D1 (de) | 2009-10-22 |
| ES2331932T3 (es) | 2010-01-20 |
| CA2640368C (fr) | 2013-05-14 |
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