WO2007100272A1 - Procédé de transformation thermique sans déchets d'ordures ménagères solides - Google Patents

Procédé de transformation thermique sans déchets d'ordures ménagères solides Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007100272A1
WO2007100272A1 PCT/RU2006/000097 RU2006000097W WO2007100272A1 WO 2007100272 A1 WO2007100272 A1 WO 2007100272A1 RU 2006000097 W RU2006000097 W RU 2006000097W WO 2007100272 A1 WO2007100272 A1 WO 2007100272A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
waste
slag
melting chamber
municipal
solid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/RU2006/000097
Other languages
English (en)
Russian (ru)
Inventor
Anatolij Anatoljevich Golubev
Jurij Alexandrovich Gudim
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Obchestvo S Ogranichennoj Otvetstvennostju Promishlennaja Kompanija 'tehnologija Metallov'
Original Assignee
Obchestvo S Ogranichennoj Otvetstvennostju Promishlennaja Kompanija 'tehnologija Metallov'
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Obchestvo S Ogranichennoj Otvetstvennostju Promishlennaja Kompanija 'tehnologija Metallov' filed Critical Obchestvo S Ogranichennoj Otvetstvennostju Promishlennaja Kompanija 'tehnologija Metallov'
Priority to PCT/RU2006/000097 priority Critical patent/WO2007100272A1/fr
Publication of WO2007100272A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007100272A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
    • F23G5/46—Recuperation of heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • F23G5/0273—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage using indirect heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/085—High-temperature heating means, e.g. plasma, for partly melting the waste
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L7/00—Supplying non-combustible liquids or gases, other than air, to the fire, e.g. oxygen, steam
    • F23L7/007—Supplying oxygen or oxygen-enriched air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
    • F23M5/08—Cooling thereof; Tube walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2202/00—Combustion
    • F23G2202/10—Combustion in two or more stages
    • F23G2202/101—Combustion in two or more stages with controlled oxidant supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2202/00—Combustion
    • F23G2202/20—Combustion to temperatures melting waste
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2206/00—Waste heat recuperation
    • F23G2206/10—Waste heat recuperation reintroducing the heat in the same process, e.g. for predrying
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2209/00—Specific waste
    • F23G2209/20—Medical materials
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery

Definitions

  • the invention relates to metallurgy and power engineering, and can be used for the processing of municipal solid waste (TKO), medical waste, and some solid industrial industrial waste.
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) waste sorting, in order to extract and reuse such components as packaging cardboard, glass, plastics, small scrap metal.
  • the dust captured in the filters of gas treatment facilities contains a significant amount of harmful substances (heavy metals in the form of oxides, etc.) and is not disposed of, and is also disposed of in special storage facilities, even during the operation of the most modern waste incineration plants.
  • TKOs have a density (on average up to 1.0 kg / dm 3 ) much lower than the density of molten slag (2.5-4.5 kg / dm 3 ). Therefore, to place TKO (kneading) in a layer of molten slag, it is necessary to blow the slag with oxygen-containing gas [1,2] or hot products of the combustion of hydrocarbon fuel [5].
  • the molten slag has a relatively low oxidative potential, therefore, the oxidation (burning) of the organic component of the waste proceeds in it extremely slowly and not completely (only to CO), despite the rather high temperature of the slag melt (1400-1500 0 C).
  • the separation of CO and H 2 O resulting from the combustion into the gas phase from the slag is difficult and also proceeds extremely slowly.
  • the heating temperature of the waste When drying in loading devices, the heating temperature of the waste is not controlled, so it heats up to temperatures at which the formation of dioxins and furans (200-600 ° C) is possible, which carries the potential danger of uncontrolled emissions of dioxins and furans formed into the atmosphere.
  • the heating temperature of the waste When drying wet municipal waste directly in the working space of the burning device (melting chamber) due to evaporating moisture, they increase sharply
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) fuel consumption and the amount of exhaust gas from the chamber (estimated 30-50%), which increases the capital and operating costs of gas treatment facilities, ultimately reduces the temperature of the working space in the chamber, the temperature of the exhaust gases and reduces the possibility of rational use (utilization) of exhaust gas heat .
  • a known method of processing household and industrial waste including preliminary heat treatment (drying) of the waste to reduce humidity, loading it into the melting chamber, burning organic components, afterburning and cleaning the exhaust gases from the melting chamber, utilizing the heat of the exhaust gases, melting the mineral constituents of solid household waste, the release of accumulating slag and metal (see patent RU 2265774, MKI 7: F23G5 / 00), selected by the applicant as the closest analogue.
  • the preliminary heat treatment of the waste is carried out in a layer in an upward flow directly in the gas space above the slag melt bath with an additional supply of heated air above the waste layer.
  • the waste layer is placed above the surface of the slag melt on the grate so that
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) the projection of the area of the waste layer onto a plane located at the level of the surface of the melt, is completely or partially outside the surface of the slag melt.
  • the slag melt is purged with hydrocarbon fuel combustion products with a temperature exceeding the temperature of the slag melt by 10-600 0 C.
  • Gas supply above the surface of the slag melt is carried out from the side of the slag melt bath.
  • the supply of gas for blowing the bath of slag melt is carried out at a level spaced from the bottom of the bath by 5-10 diameters of the jet at its entrance to the melt.
  • Heated air or a mixture of it with hydrocarbon fuel is used as the gas supplied above the surface of the molten slag bath.
  • the temperature of the supplied heated air is 500 - 600 ° C.
  • the known method of processing household and industrial waste has the following disadvantages: it does not allow to utilize the dust collected in the gas purification from gases leaving the combustion device (melting chamber); frequent stops of the unit for repairing the lining due to its intensive destruction during chemical erosion of the main refractory lining based on calcium oxide (CaO) or magnesium oxide (MgO). It does not allow for efficient waste-free, continuous, environmentally friendly waste processing.
  • the present invention solves the problem of non-waste processing of municipal solid waste (TKO) and environmentally friendly disposal.
  • the technical result of the invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of the closest analogue, namely:
  • the non-waste heat treatment method for solid municipal waste which includes drying the waste, loading it into the melting chamber, burning organic components, afterburning and cleaning the gases leaving the melting chamber, utilizing the heat of the exhaust gases, melting the mineral constituents of the waste, releasing accumulated slag and metal, according to the invention, the burning of organic components of municipal solid waste and the melting of their mineral components produce n surface of the molten superheated to 1500-1600 0 C slag produced from added simultaneously with solid municipal waste fluxes and mineral constituents in an atmosphere of oxygen blown combined burners, lances with supersonic velocity, in the melting chamber, the casing which is cooled by a liquid metal coolant, mounted in the mouth energy boiler, which is used for heat recovery of exhaust gases, with drying of municipal solid waste to a moisture content of 5-12% before being fed to the charge loading system villa chamber in the conveyor device, sheltered hermetic casing with nitrogen gas, heated to 150 0 C with heat accumulated by the coolant while cooling the metallic cas
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) special injectors into the slag melt in the melting chamber, melt and assimilate the slag.
  • composition and properties of slag obtained during the processing of municipal solid waste are adjusted by the addition of technogenic waste from ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy and the ash of thermal power plants introduced into the melting chamber simultaneously with solid municipal waste.
  • waste slag, dust, and sludge are used as additives of industrial wastes of ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy.
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) burners and going on only to blow oxygen with tuyeres at a supersonic speed.
  • the supersonic speed of the oxygen stream ensures efficient waste burning and good mixing of the slag, which contributes to its rapid heating and accelerates the assimilation (dissolution) of the mineral components of the waste by the slag.
  • the proposed cooling of the housing of the MMT allows to obtain a skull on the inner surface of the chamber, limiting the slag volume, and to work without the use of refractory lining of the slag belt.
  • the heat accumulated by the LMC can be used to dry the TKO before loading them into the melting chamber.
  • TKO pre-drying allows to increase the rate and temperature of their combustion, to reduce the amount of exhaust gases from the melting chamber that require complex, multi-stage purification, and
  • the dust captured in the gas treatment system be blown with special injectors into the slag melt in the melting chamber, where it is melted and assimilated by the slag.
  • TKO is completely waste-free and environmentally friendly.
  • the figure shows the technological scheme of non-waste processing of municipal solid waste.
  • a non-waste method for processing solid municipal waste includes grinding waste in device 1, drying waste in device 2, loading it into the free space 5 of the melting chamber 5, 6, 7.
  • the melting chamber 5,6,7 has a free space 5, space 6 for molten slag and space 7 for molten metal.
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) The organic components of solid municipal waste are burned and their mineral components are melted on the surface of molten slag 6. In the energy boiler 8, afterburning and heat recovery of 5.6.7 gases leaving the free space 5 of the melting chamber are performed. The gases are cleaned in system 9, the dust is collected in the hopper 10. The organic components of solid municipal waste (TKO) are burned and their mineral components are melted on the surface of molten slag 6 overheated to 1500-1600 0 C, obtained from fluxes added simultaneously with solid municipal waste and mineral constituents in an oxygen atmosphere blown by combined tuyere-burners 11 with supersonic speed.
  • the melting chamber 5,6,7 is equipped with a casing (not shown in the figure), cooled by a liquid metal coolant, and installed in the mouth of the energy boiler 8, which is used to recover the heat of the exhaust gases. Drying of municipal solid waste is carried out in the device 2, then in the loading device 3 before feeding the charge system 4 of the melting chamber 5 to humidity
  • Conveyor loading device 3 designed to load TKO into the melting chamber 5, is covered by a hermetic casing (not shown in the figure).
  • the dust trapped in the gas purification system 9 is blown into the slag melt 6 by injectors 12, then melted and assimilated by the slag.
  • the melting chamber 5,6,7 in its space 6 for molten slag is equipped with a device 13 for releasing slag, in the space 7 for molten metal has a device 14 for releasing metal.
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) The composition and properties of slag obtained during the processing of municipal solid waste are adjusted by the addition of technogenic waste from ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy and ashes of thermal power plants introduced into the melting chamber 5,6,7 simultaneously with solid municipal waste.
  • Example 1 The cooling of metal surfaces operating at high temperatures (1600-2300 ° C) LMT has long been effectively used in nuclear power. Therefore, in the conditions of a melting chamber that processes waste according to the proposed method, such a method of cooling a metal casing will also be effective.
  • Example 2. In a laboratory resistance furnace, in a molybdenum crucible, 200 g of slag containing 20% CaO, 50% SiO 2 , 10% Na 2 O, 10% FeO, 5% Al 2 O 3 , 5 was melted and heated to 1500 ° C. % MgO. The moisture content of the waste before drying was 15%. The working space of the laboratory furnace at a temperature of 150 ° C was filled with nitrogen.
  • Example 3 In a muffle laboratory furnace, the working space of which at a temperature of 150 ° C was filled with nitrogen, loaded 2 kg of crushed TKO with a moisture content of 35%. The moisture content of the waste decreased to 12%, and after holding for 1.5 hours, no ignition of the waste was observed.
  • Example 4 In a molybdenum crucible, molten 150 g of slag obtained by burning TKO. Then 150 g of dump slag was added to the crucible.
  • Patent RU 2045708, MKI-6 F23G5 / 00, “Method for the processing of solid household wastes”, applicant and owner of the Gintsvetmet, authors: Kalnin E.I., Grechko AB, Mechev BB, Denisov V.F., Shishkina L.D., Ziberov BE, Khaylov E.G., Generalov V.A.
  • Patent RU 2208202, MKI-7 F23G5 / 00, “Method for the processing of municipal solid waste and fine industrial waste”, applicant of Lipetskstalproekt OJSC, authors and patent holders: A. Reshetnyak, V. A. Konev, Seryakov H.I., Mamaev A.N.
  • Patent RU 2265774, MKI-7 F23G5 / 00, “Method for processing solid household, industrial and medical waste”, authors: Balasanov AB, Batygin SV., Bernadiner MH, Grinberg Yu.M., Devitaykin A.G., Lebedev AB, Teslika I.E., Usachev A.B., Gaykin B.C., patent holder: ZAO BHIIETO, 000 Steelwork Project.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne la métallurgie et le génie thermique et énergie; elle peut s'utiliser dans le procédé de transformation thermique sans déchets d'ordures ménagères solides, de déchets médicaux et de certains déchets industriels solides. Elle vise à assurer une transformation d'ordures sans déchets, à recycler les poussières capturées et à augmenter la résistance du revêtement interne de la chambre de fusion. Le procédé comprend le séchage des ordures jusqu'à une teneur en humidité de 5 à 12 % dans un dispositif convoyeur étanche avec de l'azote gazeux chauffé jusqu'à 150°C par un caloporteur métallique accumulé, la chemise de la chambre de fusion étant refroidie en continu; et le brûlage des déchets à la surface des scories en fusion à une température de 1500-1600°C dans une atmosphère sous oxygène injecté par des brûleurs-tuyères combinées à une vitesse supersonique.
PCT/RU2006/000097 2006-03-03 2006-03-03 Procédé de transformation thermique sans déchets d'ordures ménagères solides Ceased WO2007100272A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/RU2006/000097 WO2007100272A1 (fr) 2006-03-03 2006-03-03 Procédé de transformation thermique sans déchets d'ordures ménagères solides

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/RU2006/000097 WO2007100272A1 (fr) 2006-03-03 2006-03-03 Procédé de transformation thermique sans déchets d'ordures ménagères solides

Publications (1)

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WO2007100272A1 true WO2007100272A1 (fr) 2007-09-07

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0767342A1 (fr) * 1995-10-06 1997-04-09 Von Roll Umwelttechnik AG Procédé d'élimination des déchets irréguliers
RU2082929C1 (ru) * 1994-11-03 1997-06-27 Акционерное общество "ТЕХНОЛИГА" Устройство охлаждения и утилизации тепла отходящих из печи газов
RU2166697C1 (ru) * 2000-10-10 2001-05-10 Открытое акционерное общество "ВНИИЭТО" Установка для термической переработки твердых отходов
RU2265774C1 (ru) * 2004-08-06 2005-12-10 Закрытое акционерное общество "ВНИИЭТО" Способ переработки твердых бытовых, промышленных и медицинских отходов и установка для его осуществления

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2082929C1 (ru) * 1994-11-03 1997-06-27 Акционерное общество "ТЕХНОЛИГА" Устройство охлаждения и утилизации тепла отходящих из печи газов
EP0767342A1 (fr) * 1995-10-06 1997-04-09 Von Roll Umwelttechnik AG Procédé d'élimination des déchets irréguliers
RU2166697C1 (ru) * 2000-10-10 2001-05-10 Открытое акционерное общество "ВНИИЭТО" Установка для термической переработки твердых отходов
RU2265774C1 (ru) * 2004-08-06 2005-12-10 Закрытое акционерное общество "ВНИИЭТО" Способ переработки твердых бытовых, промышленных и медицинских отходов и установка для его осуществления

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