WO2007110042A2 - Instrument d'écriture à encre et procédé pour réguler le flux d'encre au niveau de la pointe de la plume d'écriture - Google Patents

Instrument d'écriture à encre et procédé pour réguler le flux d'encre au niveau de la pointe de la plume d'écriture Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007110042A2
WO2007110042A2 PCT/DE2007/000498 DE2007000498W WO2007110042A2 WO 2007110042 A2 WO2007110042 A2 WO 2007110042A2 DE 2007000498 W DE2007000498 W DE 2007000498W WO 2007110042 A2 WO2007110042 A2 WO 2007110042A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
ink
writing
control
capillary
micropump
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/DE2007/000498
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
WO2007110042A3 (fr
Inventor
Dietrich Roscher
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
DIPLOMAT CUNEWALDE GmbH
Original Assignee
DIPLOMAT CUNEWALDE GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by DIPLOMAT CUNEWALDE GmbH filed Critical DIPLOMAT CUNEWALDE GmbH
Publication of WO2007110042A2 publication Critical patent/WO2007110042A2/fr
Publication of WO2007110042A3 publication Critical patent/WO2007110042A3/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B43—WRITING OR DRAWING IMPLEMENTS; BUREAU ACCESSORIES
    • B43K—IMPLEMENTS FOR WRITING OR DRAWING
    • B43K5/00—Pens with ink reservoirs in holders, e.g. fountain-pens
    • B43K5/18—Arrangements for feeding the ink to the nibs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B43—WRITING OR DRAWING IMPLEMENTS; BUREAU ACCESSORIES
    • B43K—IMPLEMENTS FOR WRITING OR DRAWING
    • B43K29/00—Combinations of writing implements with other articles
    • B43K29/08—Combinations of writing implements with other articles with measuring, computing or indicating devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B43—WRITING OR DRAWING IMPLEMENTS; BUREAU ACCESSORIES
    • B43K—IMPLEMENTS FOR WRITING OR DRAWING
    • B43K5/00—Pens with ink reservoirs in holders, e.g. fountain-pens
    • B43K5/02—Ink reservoirs
    • B43K5/14—Exchangeable ink cartridges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B43—WRITING OR DRAWING IMPLEMENTS; BUREAU ACCESSORIES
    • B43K—IMPLEMENTS FOR WRITING OR DRAWING
    • B43K5/00—Pens with ink reservoirs in holders, e.g. fountain-pens
    • B43K5/18—Arrangements for feeding the ink to the nibs
    • B43K5/1818—Mechanical feeding means, e.g. valves; Pumps
    • B43K5/189—Pumps

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an ink pen, in particular a fountain pen and a method for controlling the flow of ink at the nib tip.
  • DE 32 20 750 an arrangement is described in which between the reservoir and the capillary secondary fluid container, an electronically controllable valve is arranged, which is opened or closed depending on the level in the secondary container.
  • the exiting writing fluid is metered by a pumping element which presses the writing fluid to the nozzle of the writing tip.
  • the pumping element is activated via a pressure transducer and a microcircuit, in that when the writing tip is placed on the paper, a piezo quartz tube gives the start and stop signal for the microcircuit, and the ascertained contact force determines the pumping frequency of the pumping element.
  • a liquid reservoir is a removable cartridge which is pierced when inserted on both sides with cannulas, wherein in the bottom of the cartridge, a partition made of semipermeable material is embedded, which is permeable to air and impermeable to the ink.
  • an electronically controlled valve between the two liquid containers is opened and closed depending on the pressure conditions in the secondary liquid container.
  • the primary reservoir is under an overpressure, so that upon opening of the valve writing fluid flows into the secondary fluid reservoir and fills this container again.
  • the secondary fluid reservoir must be under negative pressure, so that the writing fluid does not leak through the pen tip, the necessary forces in turn by the negative pressure of the chamber in which the secondary fluid reservoir is located or difficult to control forces of elasticity of the variable volume Liquid reservoir applied.
  • the pressure conditions are again subject to the conditions of the environment such as temperature and atmospheric pressure, which you just wanted to avoid.
  • DE 43 28 312 is dispensed with a secondary fluid container and directly regulated the pressure in the reservoir.
  • the control must remain active during the entire writing operation to compensate for the pressure change during ink extraction.
  • no standard commercial cartridges can be used.
  • the ink discharge from the primary liquid container is influenced to the secondary liquid container via an electronically controllable valve.
  • the secondary liquid container is, as is conventional in conventional, ie not electronically controlled writing instruments, at a branch between the reservoir and the discharge of the Writing fluid, for example, arranged on a nib.
  • the electronically controlled valve control signal provides a sensor that measures the level of the capillary secondary fluid reservoir. It is expected that this electronically controlled valve will operate much more precisely than the capillary closure of the primary fluid tank vent used in conventional writing instruments.
  • valve control for the discharge of writing fluid from the reservoir is that the pressure conditions in the writing system are different, depending on whether the valve is open or closed or the secondary fluid container is filled or emptied. Also can not be compensated by this arrangement, the different absorption behavior of the paper and a desired line intensity can be adjusted.
  • a flow meter which measures the actual flow of writing fluid to the writing tip and compares with a target value, which results from the placement force of the writing tip.
  • the difference between the two values provides a control signal for a micropump.
  • the valve between the storage tank and the secondary liquid tank is only opened when the capacity of the micropump exceeds a specified maximum value.
  • a small secondary liquid container for writing fluid is arranged for dynamic decoupling. This arrangement ensures both the independence of the ink flow from the opening state of the valve between the reservoir and the secondary liquid container and the adjustability of the line width depending on the paper quality.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a metering device for a liquid, in particular writing fluids, with compensation of air pressure and temperature changes by electronic control circuits whose individual writing behavior in terms of placement force and writing direction corresponds to a conventional, not electronically controlled fountain pen, beyond has the ability to adjust the line intensity and adjust the ink flow to the paper quality and is very energy efficient.
  • the object is achieved in that a first control circuit using different capillary forces of at least two control capillaries and a micropump optimal conditions for
  • a second control circuit consisting of a valve with electronic control worried the refilling of the control capillaries.
  • a third control loop with a second micropump, a flow meter, and a tandem capillary of stepped cross section becomes effective.
  • the invention represents a further improvement of the writing instrument, as already described in DE 102 12 278.
  • 1 is a schematic of the channel structure of a conventional fountain pen
  • Fig. 4 is a diagram of the channel structure of the invention
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic of the channel structure of the invention
  • Fig. 7 is a diagram of the channel structure of the invention
  • Fig. 8 is an illustration of the control system of the invention
  • Fig. 12 is an overall view of the ink writing device in longitudinal section
  • Fig. 13 is a coupling between the main channel and the ink conductor.
  • FIG. 1 shows first the scheme of a conventional fountain pen, as it has been known for at least 100 years.
  • the writing liquid from the capillary system of the secondary liquid container 6 is pulled against the capillary force acting in this container by the suction force of the paper, which is formed by the paper capillarity 11.
  • the process is initiated by overcoming a capillary interruption on the writing spring 62 when placed on the paper surface 12 and supported by the hydrostatic pressure in the main channel 8.
  • the nib 62 is known to be split and has a bevel for scratch-free writing individually for right or left handed.
  • the writing spring 62 is divided, the ink flow is spread and distributed to several paper capillaries 11. As a result, the line width increases and there is the characteristic of a fountain pen individual typeface.
  • the process of removing writing fluid 2 from the secondary ink container 6 continues until this container is largely emptied. Further writing creates a negative pressure in the main channel 8, since due to the surface tension of the writing fluid 2 and the menisci forming at channel constrictions 13 no air can be drawn through the secondary fluid container 6 into the main channel 8.
  • the resulting negative pressure continues through the main channel 8 in the reservoir 1 and causes an increase in the negative pressure of the air volume.
  • the vent valve 4 which is often designed as a short channel is closed by a liquid meniscus. If the negative pressure in the air volume 3 exceeds a certain level, the meniscus ruptures and an air bubble penetrates into the reservoir 1, which leads to a reduction of the negative pressure in the air volume 3. Thus, supported by the capillary forces, writing fluid 2 flows through the main channel 8 in the chambers of the secondary fluid container 6 until this process passes through the capillary restriction 7 is interrupted. The negative pressure in the entire system, in particular in the reservoir 1, is reduced until a liquid meniscus again forms on the venting valve 4 and prevents further air entry.
  • Fig. 2 illustrates the pressure profile of the air volume 3 in the reservoir 1.
  • the course of the negative pressure in the reservoir 1 with increasing emptying, as shown in Fig. 2 acts as a disturbance function with pressure fluctuations of the order of 500 Pascal within an otherwise carefully tuned capillary. Accordingly, the discharge of writing liquid 2 to the nib tip 61 varies, and the writing intensity changes as the ratio of the discharged amount of the writing liquid 2 in relation to the nip force F s of the nib tip 61.
  • the operation of the conventional writing system can be represented by an electrical analogy corresponding to FIG. 3.
  • the hydrostatic pressure P p in the reservoir 1 represents in the electrical analogy an electro-motive force (EMF), which is completely compensated when the vent valve 4 is closed by the negative pressure PL of the air volume.
  • EMF electro-motive force
  • These two voltages change depending on the degree of filling of the reservoir 1 and position of use of the writing instrument. Breaks the Meniscus in the vent valve 4 through, the hydrostatic pressure P p acts and flows a current IL in the capacitor C ⁇ .
  • the switch S v stands for the vent valve 4.
  • the capillary secondary liquid container 6 is shown as a capacitor CT, which receives charge and due to its charging voltage again charge can deliver as current flow over time. In series there is an EMF E z , which symbolizes the capillary force of the secondary liquid container 6.
  • Wing feathers are known, for example, which are characterized by a special oscillatory behavior of the side wings, a special inner grinding which makes it easy to skip the ink when the paper surface is touched, and certain material properties.
  • an electronically controlled writing implement should respect and support this personal character .
  • the basic idea of the invention assumes that the writing tip is characterized under all operating conditions caused by different environmental conditions, opening and closing of valves are, optimal operating conditions are secured by electronic means. For this purpose different operating conditions are considered:
  • the individual modulation of the ink flow l s can be influenced inter alia by the ratio of the resistances R s , RT and Rv. This results in two possibilities of the practical setting of a typeface.
  • the average value of the flow l s can be influenced.
  • the dynamics of the individual modulation of the ink flow Is can be changed.
  • a way is shown, as with the aid of a control capillary 14 and a compensation capillary 17 in combination with a micropump 30 of the pressure at point N during the operating conditions A and B oi ⁇ to the optimum value optimal writing P Ns can be regulated.
  • Such a control capillary 14 or compensation capillary 17 consists of a capillary, which at one end with a Kapillarfalle 16 or 19, at the other end with an air-permeable membrane 15 or 18 or with another Capillary trap is completed.
  • the air-permeable membrane 15 or 18 is impermeable to liquids and can be made, for example, from hydrophobic coated fabric.
  • the meniscus 21 is located in the control capillary 14 between the two possible end positions.
  • the capillary 14 has a capillary force Ez which, in interaction with the suction force of the paper Ep and the fixed resistors R F and Rj and the variable resistor Rs, produces an optimum typeface of a fountain pen.
  • the intensity of the typeface can be determined to a certain extent by changing the mean flow Is.
  • the capillary section 22 is emptied and the meniscus 21 moves in the direction of the capillary trap 16.
  • the micropump 30 starts in the pump control loop to regulate the negative pressure to the setpoint P Nso i ⁇ .
  • the micro-valve 32 is opened and writing fluid 2 flows after.
  • the negative pressure P N measured by the pressure gauge 31 briefly decreases below the setpoint value PN SO II.
  • the micropump 30 switches over the pumping direction and generates a pressure PD counter to the flow direction of the writing fluid 2, so that the actual value PN again corresponds to the desired value PN S OII ,
  • the ink flow IL which flows from the storage container 1 through the microvalve 32 through the main channel 8, is divided into a flow into the compensation capillary 17 and into the control capillary 15 and into a flow Is in the direction of the nib 9.
  • the self-adjusting back pressure P 0 of the micropump reaches a maximum when both the control capillary 14 and the compensation capillary 17 are filled and the suction effect of both capillaries is eliminated.
  • the full hydrostatic pressure P P of the writing fluid 2 in the reservoir 1 acts Stabilization of the back pressure PD to a stationary value causes the closing of the microvalve 32.
  • the writing system in turn returns to the operating state A, in which a pumping action of the micropump 30 is not required.
  • the corresponding equivalent circuit diagram is shown in FIG. 8.
  • FIG. 6 An alternative structure in which the micropump 30 and the control capillary 14 and the compensation capillary 17 are arranged sequentially in a tandem capillary 20, Fig. 6.
  • the meniscus 21 is located in the operating state A in the capillary 25 of the tandem capillary 20. If the Meniscus 21 pulled into the channel portion 24, the micro-valve 32 opens and writing fluid 2 flows after.
  • the micropump 30 in turn assumes the stabilization of the pressure PN, which is measured with the pressure gauge 31, to a desired value PN SO II.
  • the arrangement of the micropump 30 supports the filling of the tandem capillary 20.
  • FIG. 7 Another arrangement of the invention is shown in Fig. 7.
  • the individual control capillaries in the form of various capillary sections 24 to 27 arranged sequentially one behind the other.
  • the special feature is that in the operating state A two capillary sections 25 and 26 are available, which have a different cross section and thus a different capillary force.
  • different intensities of the flow Is of the writing fluid can be set, depending on in which channel section 25 or 26 the meniscus is located.
  • the opening of the microvalve 32 and the activation of the micropump 33 are triggered when the meniscus 21 leaves a channel section and is drawn into the next channel section.
  • Another micropump 34 may be used to achieve rapid switching of the intensity of the writing line from high intensity to low intensity. Both micropumps 30 and 34 are activated in order to quickly pump out the channel section 26 and excess writing fluid 2 is returned to the storage container 1 pump back. With the aid of a flow meter 33, it is possible to measure the mean flow Is and to respond to the measured value by switching to another channel section 25 or 26.
  • the representation of two channel sections 25 and 26 is to be regarded only as an example. In principle, more than two channel sections are conceivable in which the meniscus 21 is in the operating state. In general, an arrangement with two micropumps 30 and 34 is useful if, in addition, the leakage flow of the microvalve 32 should be compensated.
  • Fig. 9 shows a section.
  • the needle 49 contacts the reservoir 1, which is designed in the form of a cartridge.
  • the writing fluid 2 passes into the valve chamber 45 and from there into the nozzle channel 54.
  • the inlet opening 47 can be closed by a valve tappet 53.
  • the valve stem 53 itself is moved by a valve driver 42, e.g. designed as a magnetic or piezo drive.
  • the pumping chamber 59 connects, which in turn communicates with the pressure measuring chamber 56 via the connecting channel 38.
  • the pressure sensor 44 is fluidically coupled via the pressure equalization channel 55.
  • the writing fluid 2 then flows via the fluidic adapter 48 into the cannula 50, which is fluidically coupled to the writing insert 60.
  • the entire main channel 8 described in FIGS. 4, 6 and 7 consists in the described exemplary construction of the needle 49, the inlet opening 47, the valve chamber 45, the nozzle channel 54, the pumping chamber 59, the connecting channel 38, the pressure measuring chamber 56, the fluidic adapter 48 and the cannula 50.
  • the complete fluidic structure on the channel body 40 is covered by a cover membrane 39 made of LTCC (Low-Temperature Ceramics) ceramic, which is connected to the electronics carrier 41, which is also made of LTCC ceramic, by means of a sintering process.
  • the cover membrane 39 also serves as a carrier of the piezo plate 43.
  • Cover membrane 39 and piezo plate 43 together form a bimorph, that is, when the piezo plate is subjected to a voltage, the bimorph deforms and causes a pressure on the pumping chamber 59.
  • the volume displacement depends on the to the poles of Piezo plate 43 applied pulse shape and size.
  • the channel body 40 itself is made of glass, for example, which has been etched.
  • Fig. 11 is shown by a section of the writing module 70, as the hydrophobic membrane 57 between the circuit board 52, electronics carrier 41 and the channel body 40 is fixed.
  • Fig. 12 shows a cross section through the writing instrument with writing insert 60 in the front part of the housing base 73.
  • the writing insert 60 is modeled on a conventional fountain pen in its design and consists of the nib 62 with the nib 61, a pen nib 69 with integrated ink guide. 9 as an extension of the main channel 8 and is connected via the coupling 63 with the cannula 50 of the writing module 70.
  • In the upper housing part 72 are located as a reservoir 1, an ink cartridge and a battery compartment for receiving the battery 71.
  • the battery compartment is closed by a cover 74.
  • the storage container 1 designed as an ink cartridge is closed with a sealing plug 75 which is pierced with a needle 49 when it is inserted into the writing instrument.
  • the needle 49 is mounted in the writing module 70 as shown in Fig. 9, and includes all fluidic functional elements such as micropumps, reservoirs and valves. From the writing module 70, the writing fluid 2 passes via a cannula 50 and an elastic coupling 63 to the writing insert 60 of conventional design. One or more LEDs 65 indicate the operating state of the device. Laterally attached to the housing base 73 is a touch contact 66, which signals the controller that a writing process is imminent. This control element 66 can be combined with the opening of the cap 76, so that after prolonged leaving the writing instrument with remotely Cap 76 is first promoted by the micropump 30, a small amount of writing fluid 2 to the writing insert 60 to bridge any capillary breaks in the ink channel 62 and to allow an immediate cover letter.
  • This control element 66 can be combined with the opening of the cap 76, so that after prolonged leaving the writing instrument with remotely Cap 76 is first promoted by the micropump 30, a small amount of writing fluid 2 to the writing insert 60 to bridge any capillary breaks in the ink channel
  • the method for controlling the flow of ink at a nib 61 of an ink writing device is characterized by setting a constant operating pressure PN at the input of the writing insert 60 by a control loop with comparison of the actual pressure with a nominal operating pressure PNS O II, wherein the pressure difference means a bidirectional operating micropump 30 is regulated.
  • the setpoint of the operating pressure PN SO II for the writing insert 60 is dimensioned so that in a conventional writing insert 60 with conventional writing spring 62 results in a characteristic of a fountain pen line as a function of placement force and writing direction.
  • the capillary force in the control capillary 14, 17 for compensating the suction force of the paper and the hydrostatic pressure is dimensioned such that when the microvalve 32 is closed, the setpoint operating pressure for the writing insert 60 is established without a pumping action of the micropump 30 being required.
  • the micropump 30 is advantageous only when 32 pressure fluctuations in deviation from the setpoint of the operating pressure PN SO II occur when opening the microvalve or correct other deviations from the default settings of the ink writing device, such as leakage flow of the microvalve 32 or deviating from the norm of the absorbency paper.
  • a further embodiment of the method consists in that different capillary sections 24, 25, 26 of the control capillary 28 can be selected and thus different nominal operating pressures PN SO II can be set for the writing tip tip 61 for different writing intensities.
  • the flow resistance in the coupling 63 between the main channel 8 and the ink guide 9, as shown in Fig. 13, for example, by means of a hose clamp 67 is adjustable and thus due to the placement force modulation of the writing line is affected ,

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Pens And Brushes (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un instrument d'écriture à encre comprenant un corps en forme de gaine, un réservoir de stockage destiné à contenir l'encre, ce réservoir étant pourvu d'une ouverture d'aération, un insert d'écriture pourvu d'une plume d'écriture, un système de guidage de l'encre servant à guider l'encre jusqu'à la pointe de la plume d'écriture, ce système présentant un réservoir intermédiaire, une micropompe, une valve et une batterie ou un accumulateur, ainsi qu'un dispositif de régulation électronique du flux d'encre. Cet instrument d'écriture est caractérisé par au moins deux circuits régulateurs actifs servant à réguler le flux d'encre sortant du réservoir de stockage (1) et du réservoir intermédiaire (6) jusqu'à la pointe de la plume d'écriture (10). Un premier circuit régulateur sert à remplir le réservoir intermédiaire (6) au moyen d'une microvalve (32) à commande électronique placée entre le réservoir de stockage (1) et le réservoir intermédiaire (6) et un deuxième circuit régulateur sert à régler la pression de fonctionnement au niveau de l'insert d'écriture (60) au moyen d'un capteur de pression (31) et au moyen d'au moins une micropompe (34) située dans le canal principal (8). Par ailleurs, le réservoir intermédiaire (6) se présente sous la forme d'un capillaire de commande pour le deuxième circuit régulateur et des pièges capillaires (16) sont disposés entre le capillaire de commande (17) et le canal principal (8). L'invention concerne également un procédé pour réguler le flux d'encre au niveau de la pointe de la plume d'écriture.
PCT/DE2007/000498 2006-03-25 2007-03-20 Instrument d'écriture à encre et procédé pour réguler le flux d'encre au niveau de la pointe de la plume d'écriture Ceased WO2007110042A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102006013920.8 2006-03-25
DE200610013920 DE102006013920A1 (de) 2006-03-25 2006-03-25 Tintenschreibgerät und Verfahren zur Steuerung des Tintenflusses an der Schreibfederspitze

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2007110042A2 true WO2007110042A2 (fr) 2007-10-04
WO2007110042A3 WO2007110042A3 (fr) 2008-02-07

Family

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DE2007/000498 Ceased WO2007110042A2 (fr) 2006-03-25 2007-03-20 Instrument d'écriture à encre et procédé pour réguler le flux d'encre au niveau de la pointe de la plume d'écriture

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1837200A3 (fr)
DE (1) DE102006013920A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2007110042A2 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113165414A (zh) * 2018-12-24 2021-07-23 深圳市柔宇科技股份有限公司 书写工具及其书写控制方法

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102008021441B4 (de) * 2008-04-29 2020-08-06 Linhardt Gmbh & Co. Kg Applikationsstift
FR3067652B1 (fr) * 2017-06-15 2020-09-25 SOCIéTé BIC Instrument d'ecriture a encre libre comprenant une valve microfluidique

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DE3220750A1 (de) * 1982-06-02 1983-12-08 Montblanc-Simplo Gmbh, 2000 Hamburg Tintenversorgungssystem fuer mit fluessiger tinte arbeitende schreibgeraete
DE3321301A1 (de) * 1983-06-13 1984-12-13 Montblanc-Simplo Gmbh, 2000 Hamburg Tintenversorgungssystem fuer mit fluessiger tinte arbeitende schreibgeraete
DE4328312A1 (de) * 1993-08-23 1995-03-02 Draegerwerk Ag Füllfederhalter mit variablem Füllreservoir zum Druckausgleich zwischen Reservoir und Umgebung
DE4419735A1 (de) * 1994-06-06 1995-12-07 Gerhard Bihler Füller
DE10054599C1 (de) * 2000-11-03 2002-04-18 Hahn Schickard Ges Dosiervorrichtung und Schreibgerät mit einer Dosiervorrichtung
DE10054597B4 (de) * 2000-11-03 2006-02-09 Gebr.Schmidt Gmbh & Co.Kg Vorratstank für ein Dosiersystem und Dosiersystem
DE10212279A1 (de) * 2002-03-20 2003-10-02 Roscher Dietrich Tintenschreibgerät
DE10212278B4 (de) * 2002-03-20 2007-10-25 Dietrich Dr.-Ing. Roscher Tintenschreibgerät

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113165414A (zh) * 2018-12-24 2021-07-23 深圳市柔宇科技股份有限公司 书写工具及其书写控制方法

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Publication number Publication date
WO2007110042A3 (fr) 2008-02-07
EP1837200A2 (fr) 2007-09-26
DE102006013920A1 (de) 2007-09-27
EP1837200A3 (fr) 2008-06-25

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