WO2007132671A1 - 音波式煙感知器 - Google Patents
音波式煙感知器 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2007132671A1 WO2007132671A1 PCT/JP2007/059313 JP2007059313W WO2007132671A1 WO 2007132671 A1 WO2007132671 A1 WO 2007132671A1 JP 2007059313 W JP2007059313 W JP 2007059313W WO 2007132671 A1 WO2007132671 A1 WO 2007132671A1
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- Prior art keywords
- sound wave
- unit
- sound
- smoke
- output
- Prior art date
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- Ceased
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING SYSTEMS, e.g. PERSONAL CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
- G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/02—Analysing fluids
- G01N29/024—Analysing fluids by measuring propagation velocity or propagation time of acoustic waves
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/44—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
- G01N29/4409—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor by comparison
- G01N29/4427—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor by comparison with stored values, e.g. threshold values
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING SYSTEMS, e.g. PERSONAL CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
- G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
- G08B17/103—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING SYSTEMS, e.g. PERSONAL CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
- G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
- G08B17/11—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using an ionisation chamber for detecting smoke or gas
- G08B17/113—Constructional details
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/021—Gases
- G01N2291/0217—Smoke, combustion gases
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/028—Material parameters
- G01N2291/02818—Density, viscosity
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/028—Material parameters
- G01N2291/02881—Temperature
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/04—Wave modes and trajectories
- G01N2291/048—Transmission, i.e. analysed material between transmitter and receiver
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a smoke detector using sound waves, preferably ultrasonic waves.
- smoke detectors have been widely used as fire detectors that generate smoke alarms by detecting smoke generated during a fire.
- Examples of the smoke detector include a scattered light type smoke detector described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-34862 and a light reduction type smoke detector described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 61-33595. is there.
- a scattered light type smoke detector is configured to receive light scattered by smoke particles of light irradiated to a monitoring space from a light projecting element made of a light emitting diode element by a light receiving element made of a photodiode.
- smoke particles exist in the monitoring space, the amount of light received by the light receiving element increases due to the generation of scattered light, so the presence or absence of smoke particles can be detected based on the amount of light received by the light receiving element! .
- it is necessary to install a labyrinth body as a countermeasure against stray light so if the air flow is small, the time until smoke particles enter the monitoring space in the event of a fire increases, and there is a problem with responsiveness. .
- the dimming smoke detector is configured to directly receive light emitted from a light projecting element by a light receiving element, and is provided in a monitoring space between the light projecting element and the light receiving element. If smoke particles are present, the amount of light received by the light receiving element is reduced. Therefore, the presence or absence of smoke particles can be detected based on the amount of light received by the light receiving element. In spite of this, a false alarm (false alarm) may be generated due to the influence of background light even though no fire has occurred. In addition, when the dimming smoke detector is a separate type, it is necessary to align the optical axes of the light projecting element and the light receiving element with high accuracy, and there is a problem that the work is laborious.
- scattered light type smoke detectors and dimming type smoke detectors may give a false alarm when steam instead of smoke enters the surveillance space, making it suitable for use in kitchens and bathrooms.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a highly reliable smoke detector that has excellent responsiveness and reduces the occurrence of false alarms.
- the smoke detector of the present invention includes a sound wave generator that provides sound waves to the monitoring space, a control unit that controls the sound wave generators, and a sound that receives sound waves of the sound wave generator force via the monitoring space.
- a wave receiving unit and a signal processing unit that detects an abnormality in the monitoring space using the output of the sound wave receiving unit, and the signal processing unit is configured to monitor the sky based on a difference between the output of the sound wave receiving unit and the reference value.
- a smoke density estimation unit for estimating the smoke density between the two, and a smoke density determination unit for judging the abnormality based on a result of comparing the smoke density obtained by the smoke density estimation unit with a predetermined threshold value.
- the detection sensitivity of smoke is improved by avoiding the influence of background light, which is a problem with the dimming smoke detector, and it is necessary for the scattered light smoke detector.
- Labyrinth It is possible to improve responsiveness by making it easier for smoke particles to diffuse into the monitoring space where it is not necessary to provide a body.
- the sound wave generated by the sound wave generator is not particularly limited as long as the above-described smoke detector effect can be achieved, but for example, a sound wave having a frequency of 1 kHz or more is preferable.
- a sound wave having a frequency of 1 kHz or more is preferable.
- there are effects such as that the sound waves at the time of smoke detection cannot be heard by the surrounding people and that it is easy to shield the disturbance ultrasonic waves with high straightness.
- the sound wave generation unit has a function of providing a plurality of sound waves having different frequencies
- the signal processing unit is configured to detect smoke present in the monitoring space.
- a storage unit for storing data indicating a relationship between the frequency of the sound wave provided by the sound wave generation unit and the output of the sound wave reception unit, which are examined in advance under a plurality of test conditions of different types and smoke concentrations;
- a smoke particle determination unit that determines the type of smoke particles present in the monitoring space using the output of the sound wave receiving unit obtained by providing each of them to the actual monitoring space and the data in the storage unit.
- the concentration estimation unit is the smoke determined by the smoke particle determination unit.
- the smoke density in the monitoring space is estimated.
- the type of particles present in the monitoring space in the particle determination unit.
- smoke can be detected more accurately, and a smoke detector suitable for use in a kitchen or bathroom can be provided.
- the smoke particles detected in the monitoring space are smoke particles that are determined in advance as the monitoring target, the smoke concentration in the monitoring space is estimated, so it is not a monitoring target! Necessary for the subsequent smoke concentration estimation Can be omitted.
- the black smoke power of a general fire from the case where highly viscous liquid particles such as tar-like black smoke generated in a fuel fire are generated.
- the smoke concentration in the monitoring space can be estimated based on the amount of change in the reference value force of the output of the sound wave receiving unit when the ultrasonic wave having a specific frequency is provided to the monitoring space.
- the data stored in the storage unit includes the output of the sound wave receiving unit when the sound wave is received through the monitoring space in the reference state, and the sound wave receiving unit when the sound wave is received through the actual monitoring space.
- the relationship between the output change defined as the difference between the outputs of the sound and the frequency of the sound wave provided by the sound wave generator, or the output change rate obtained by dividing the output change by a predetermined reference value and the sound wave generator It is preferable to include any of the relationships between the frequencies of the sound waves provided. If the output change rate is used, even if the reference value of the output of the sound wave receiver varies depending on the output frequency of the sound wave generator, the type of particles present in the monitoring space can be determined without being affected by the change of the reference value. Can be estimated.
- the sound wave generation unit includes a single sound wave generation element having a function of providing a plurality of sound waves having different frequencies, and the control unit generates the sound waves so that the plurality of sound waves are sequentially provided to the monitoring space. It is preferable to control the part. In this case, it is possible to reduce the size and cost of the sound wave generator compared to the case where a plurality of sound wave generation elements capable of transmitting various sound waves are provided.
- the sound wave generation unit periodically provides a sound wave of a predetermined frequency to the monitoring space
- the signal processing unit is based on the output of the sound wave receiving unit obtained by providing the sound wave of the predetermined frequency to the monitoring space.
- At least one of the control conditions of the sound wave generator and the signal processing conditions of the output of the sound wave receiver It is preferable to change the direction. In this case, the output fluctuation of the sound wave generator and the sensitivity fluctuation of the sound wave receiver can be canceled periodically, and smoke particles can be detected with a stable sensitivity over a long period of time.
- the sound wave generation unit is preferably an ultrasonic wave generation unit that generates an ultrasonic wave by applying a thermal shock to the air due to a temperature change of the heating element due to energization.
- the ultrasonic wave generator has a flat frequency characteristic, and the frequency of the generated ultrasonic wave can be changed over a wide range.
- the ultrasonic wave generation unit includes a base substrate, a heating element layer provided on the base substrate, and a porous heat insulating layer provided between the heating element layer and the base substrate. This is preferred.
- the heat insulation layer is composed of a porous layer, the heat insulation property of the heat insulation layer is improved and the ultrasonic wave generation efficiency is increased, resulting in low consumption. Electricity can be achieved.
- control unit controls the ultrasonic wave generation unit so as to provide a single-pulse ultrasonic wave to the monitoring space.
- the sound wave receiving unit receives the interference due to the reflected wave of the peripheral member force, so that the smoke density estimation accuracy in the smoke density estimating unit can be improved.
- the control unit preferably controls the sound wave generation unit so as to emit an alarm sound having an audible frequency different from the ultrasonic wave provided to the monitoring space.
- the sound wave generation force can also generate an alarm sound, it is possible to reduce the size and cost without requiring a separate speaker or the like for outputting the alarm sound.
- the signal processing unit includes a sound speed detecting unit that obtains a sound speed based on a time required for the sound wave to reach the sound wave receiving unit from the sound wave generating unit, and a temperature estimation that estimates the temperature of the monitoring space based on the sound speed. And a temperature determination unit that determines an abnormality in the monitoring space based on a result of comparing the temperature estimated by the temperature estimation unit with a predetermined threshold value.
- the signal processing unit preferably further includes a fire determination unit that determines that there is a fire when at least one of the determination of the smoke concentration determination unit and the temperature determination unit is abnormal. In this case, when using the smoke detector as a fire detector, a separate temperature detection element is used.
- the device configuration can be simplified.
- the sonic smoke detector of the present invention preferably has a cylindrical body whose inner space is used as a sound wave propagation path and is disposed between the sound wave generator and the sound wave receiver to narrow the diffusion range of the sound wave. .
- the sound wave from the sound wave generator is prevented from diffusing by passing through the cylinder, so that a decrease in sound pressure due to the diffusion of the sound wave between the sound wave generator and the sound wave receiver can be suppressed. Therefore, the sound pressure of the sound wave received by the sound wave receiving unit can be maintained high when there is no smoke particle in the monitoring space, and the change amount of the output of the sound wave receiving unit with respect to the change amount of smoke concentration is relatively large. There is an advantage that the ratio is improved.
- the sound wave generation unit has a sound wave generation surface disposed so as to face the sound wave incident port of the cylindrical body, and the area of the sound wave generation surface is equal to or larger than the opening area of the sound wave incident port.
- the cylindrical body is, for example, a straight tube
- the sound wave generated by the sound wave generating portion travels as a plane wave in the cylindrical body, so that the sound wave is reflected on the side surface along the longitudinal direction of the cylindrical body. Therefore, it is possible to avoid a decrease in sound pressure that does not cause sound wave interference.
- control unit continuously transmits ultrasonic waves having a resonance frequency inherent to the cylindrical body over a transmission time longer than the propagation time required for the ultrasonic waves to propagate between both ends in the longitudinal direction of the cylindrical body. It is preferable to control the sound wave generator so as to provide it to the monitoring space.
- the cylinder functions as an acoustic tube, resonance occurs in the cylinder and the sound pressure of the sound wave generated by the sound wave generator increases, so the change in the output of the sound wave receiver relative to the amount of smoke concentration change The amount increases and the signal to noise ratio improves.
- the effective transmission distance is extended according to the number of reflections, and the amount of change in the output of the sound wave receiver relative to the amount of smoke concentration change is increased. It gets bigger.
- both end surfaces in the longitudinal direction of the cylindrical body are closed, and the sound wave generator is disposed on one end surface.
- the sound wave receiving unit is disposed at a position where the pressure change due to the sound wave of the sound wave generating unit force is maximized on the side surface along the longitudinal direction.
- the change amount of the output of the sound wave receiving unit with respect to the change amount of the smoke density can be made as large as possible.
- an acoustic tube with closed end faces is resonated, it resonates by reflecting sound waves at the end face, and particularly when ultrasonic waves with a short wavelength are reflected at the end face even if there are minute irregularities on the end face.
- the sound pressure will be reduced, but by providing a sound wave receiving part on the side of the cylinder, the end face of the cylinder is flat with less irregularities than when a sound wave receiving part is provided on the end face of the cylinder. As a result, it is possible to increase the sound pressure more effectively by resonance without hindering the reflection of the sound wave at the end face of the cylindrical body by the sound wave receiving unit.
- control unit controls the sound wave generation unit so that a sound wave having a wavelength obtained by dividing the longitudinal dimension in the internal space of the cylinder by a natural number is provided to the monitoring space, and the sound wave reception unit It is preferable to be arranged at the center in the longitudinal direction of the cylinder. In this case, since a sound wave having a wavelength obtained by dividing the longitudinal dimension in the internal space of the cylinder by a natural number is transmitted from the sound wave generator, the pressure change due to the sound wave is generated at the center in the longitudinal direction of the cylinder. Is always the maximum.
- the sound wave receiving unit disposed at the center in the longitudinal direction of the cylindrical body can generate sound at a position where the pressure change of the sound wave is maximized.
- the pressure can be detected, and the cost can be reduced as compared with the case where the sound wave receiving units are arranged at a plurality of locations.
- the sonic smoke detector of the present invention preferably has a reflecting member that reflects the sound wave from the sound wave generator toward the sound wave receiver.
- the sound wave from the sound wave generation unit is reflected by the reflection surface at least once before reaching the sound wave reception unit as a direct wave, so that resonance occurs between the sound wave generation unit and the sound wave reception unit. It becomes easy.
- the control unit transmits a sound wave having a resonance frequency based on the propagation distance of the sound wave transmitted from the sound wave generating unit and received by the sound wave receiving unit, to propagate the sound wave from the sound wave generating unit to the sound wave receiving unit. It is preferable to control the sound wave generation unit so that it is continuously provided to the monitoring space for a longer time.
- the reflecting member is disposed adjacent to the sound wave receiving unit so as to face the first reflecting plate via the monitoring space and the first reflecting plate disposed adjacent to the sound wave generating unit. It is preferable to include a second reflector. In this case, the sound wave from the sound wave generating unit is reflected by the reflecting surface, and resonance can be effectively generated between the sound wave generating unit and the sound wave receiving unit. Further, it is preferable that at least one of the first reflecting plate and the second reflecting plate has a concave curved surface on the side facing the monitoring space.
- the sound wave from the sound wave generator is collected by the sound wave receiver on the reflective surface, the decrease in sound pressure due to the diffusion of sound waves can be suppressed, and the amount of change in the output of the sound wave receiver relative to the amount of change in smoke concentration As S becomes larger, the S / N ratio improves.
- the sound wave generator includes a first sound wave generator that provides sound waves to a monitoring space into which smoke can enter from an external space, and smoke can enter.
- a second sound wave generating unit that provides sound waves to a reference space that is not, and the sound wave receiving unit receives the sound waves from the first sound wave receiving unit and the second sound wave generating unit that receive the sound waves from the first sound wave generating unit.
- the signal processing unit detects an abnormality in the monitoring space using outputs of the first sound wave receiving unit and the second sound wave receiving unit. In this case, the reference value corresponding to the change in the ambient environment (for example, temperature) of the smoke detector is compared with the actual measurement output of the first sound wave receiver, so the abnormality in the monitoring space can be more accurately detected. Can be detected.
- the smoke density estimating unit estimates the smoke density in the monitoring space based on the difference between the output of the first sound wave receiving unit and the reference value, and outputs the output of the first sound wave receiving unit to the second sound wave receiving unit. It is preferable to further include an output correction unit that performs correction based on a change in the output of the unit over time.
- the sound pressure of the sound wave from the first sound wave generator changes or the smoke density is constant according to changes in the ambient environment of the smoke detector or changes over time of the first sound wave generator and the first sound wave receiver.
- the output of the first sound wave receiver due to these changes The effect of fluctuation can be removed by correction in the output correction unit. Therefore, the occurrence of false alarms can be suppressed and the reliability of the smoke detector can be improved.
- the cylinder includes a partition wall that divides the internal space into a monitoring space and a reference space, and a part of the cylinder that provides the monitoring space is smoked from the external space into the monitoring space.
- the first sound wave generator and the second sound wave generator are provided at one end of the cylinder so that sound waves are provided to both the monitoring space and the reference space at the same time.
- the first sound wave receiving unit and the second sound wave receiving unit are arranged with a single sound wave generating element, and the single sound wave generating element force provides the sound wave provided through the monitoring space and the reference space, respectively.
- the first sound wave generator and the second sound wave generator are composed of a single sound wave generator, the first sound wave generator and the second sound wave generator change over time in the same manner. Even if the sound pressure of the sound wave from the first sound wave generator changes with time, the influence of the output fluctuation of the second sound wave generator due to this change is corrected by the output correction part described above. This is effective in reducing false alarms.
- the reference space has at least a smoke shielding portion having a fine hole of a size that does not allow smoke to enter.
- the reference space and the external space are communicated with each other through the micropores, changes in the environment surrounding the fire detector, such as humidity and atmospheric pressure, while blocking the entry of suspended particles into the reference space. Is reflected in the reference space through the fine holes, so that the correction in the output correction unit can be performed appropriately.
- control unit controls the first sound wave generation unit and the second sound wave generation unit in synchronization so that the outputs of the first sound wave reception unit and the second sound wave reception unit have the same frequency and the same phase.
- the signal processing unit preferably detects an abnormality in the monitoring space using a differential output corresponding to a difference between outputs of the first sound wave receiving unit and the second sound wave receiving unit. According to this configuration, the output fluctuation of the second sound wave receiver caused by the change in the ambient environment of the smoke detector does not affect the differential output. As a result, the accuracy of smoke concentration estimation in the monitoring space is improved. To do.
- Each of the first sound wave generation unit and the second sound wave generation unit has a function of providing a plurality of sound waves having different frequencies, and the signal processing unit has different types of smoke and smoke concentrations existing in the monitoring space.
- a storage unit that stores data indicating the relationship between the frequency of the sound wave provided by the first sound wave generator previously examined under a plurality of test conditions and the differential output, and an actual monitoring of each of the plurality of sound waves The output of the first sound wave receiver and the data stored in the storage
- a smoke particle determination unit that determines the type of smoke particles present in the monitoring space, and the smoke concentration estimation unit has predetermined smoke particles determined by the smoke particle determination unit as a monitoring target. When coincident with the smoke particles, it is preferable to estimate the smoke concentration in the monitoring space.
- the smoke particle judgment unit since the type of smoke particles existing in the monitoring space is estimated by the smoke particle judgment unit, it is possible to distinguish between smoke particles and steam, for example, and smoke detection suitable for use in kitchens and bathrooms. Can be provided. In addition, it is possible to identify the black smoke power of a general fire from the detailed nature of the fire, for example, the case where liquid particles with a large viscosity such as tar-like black smoke generated in a fuel system fire are generated. As a result, it can provide more accurate information about the smoke present in the surveillance space compared to scattered light smoke detectors and reduced light smoke detectors.
- the data stored in the storage unit preferably includes a relationship between a value obtained by dividing the differential output by the output of the second sound wave receiving unit and the frequency of the sound wave output by the first sound wave generating unit. .
- the type of smoke particles present in the monitoring space can be estimated without being affected by fluctuations in the output of the second sound wave receiver.
- a partition wall is disposed between the monitoring space and the reference space, the monitoring space is defined between the first sound wave generator and one surface of the partition wall, and the reference space is the second sound wave generator.
- the first sound wave receiving unit and the second sound wave receiving unit are disposed on the partition wall, and are disposed in the first wave receiving unit facing the monitoring space and the reference space.
- a differential sound wave receiving unit having a second sound wave receiving unit facing the differential sound wave receiving unit, wherein the control unit synchronizes the first sound wave generating unit and the second sound wave generating unit. When the control is performed, it is preferable to provide a differential output between the sound pressure difference between the sound wave received by the first sound wave receiving unit and the sound wave received by the second sound wave receiving unit.
- the noise included in the differential output can be reduced by superimposing each on the differential output, and as a result, the SN ratio can be improved.
- the signal processing unit measures the output of the differential sound wave receiving unit when the sound wave is provided from only the second sound wave generating unit to the reference space as a reference value, and outputs the differential output based on the change over time of the reference value. It is preferable to further include an output correction unit that corrects.
- the differential sound wave receiver Even if the sensitivity of the sensor changes, fluctuations in the amount of change of the reference output of the differential output can be removed by correction at the output correction unit, and smoke particles can be detected with stable accuracy over a long period of time. Can do.
- the sound wave generating unit provides a first sound wave that provides a first sound wave having a frequency higher than a fixed frequency to which the sound wave receiving unit is sensitive. And a second sound wave generating unit that provides a second sound wave having a frequency higher than the frequency of the first sound wave by the fixed frequency, and the control unit simultaneously transmits the first sound wave and the second sound wave to the monitoring space.
- the first sound wave generator and the second sound wave generator are controlled, and the sound wave receiver receives beat waves obtained by the first sound wave and the second sound wave interfering with each other in the monitoring space. It is preferable to do this.
- the frequency of the beat wave received by the sound wave receiving unit can be made relatively low while the frequencies of the first sound wave and the second sound wave are set relatively high.
- the frequency of the sound wave of the sound wave generator force by increasing the frequency of the sound wave of the sound wave generator force, the sound pressure change rate due to the smoke particles present in the monitoring space is improved, while the frequency of the sparse wave received by the sound wave receiver is reduced.
- the sensitivity can be improved, and as a result, the S / N ratio can be improved.
- the inner space is used as a sound wave propagation path, and is disposed between the first sound wave generation unit and the sound wave reception unit to narrow the diffusion range of the sound wave, and the inner space is the sound wave propagation.
- a second cylinder that is disposed between the second sound wave generation unit and the sound wave reception unit to narrow the diffusion range of the sound wave, and the sound wave provided from the sound wave emission port of the first cylinder It is preferable to arrange the first cylinder and the second cylinder with respect to the sound wave receiving unit so that the sound waves provided by the two tube bodies interfere with each other in front of the sound wave receiving unit. In this case, it is possible to suppress a decrease in sound pressure due to diffusion of sound waves propagating through the monitoring space.
- the force also generates beat waves on the outside of the first and second cylinders, so that even when the frequency of the beat waves received by the sound wave receiving unit is low, the viscous resistance of the inner peripheral surface of each cylinder is reduced. This does not cause the beat wave to decay. Therefore, the signal-to-noise ratio is improved as the amount of change in the output of the sound wave receiver with respect to the change in smoke density increases.
- the inner space is used as a sound wave propagation path, and includes a cylindrical body that is disposed between one of the first sound wave generation unit and the second sound wave generation unit and the sound wave reception unit to narrow the diffusion range of the sound wave.
- Cylindrical The cylindrical body is placed against the sound wave receiving unit so that the sound wave provided from the sound wave emitting port interferes with the sound wave provided from the other of the first sound wave generating unit and the second sound wave generating unit and before the sound wave receiving unit. It is preferable to arrange. In this case, by providing the cylindrical body, it is possible to suppress a decrease in sound pressure due to diffusion of sound waves between one of the first sound wave generating unit and the second sound wave generating unit and the sound wave receiving unit.
- the frequency can be set for the sound waves from the other of the first sound wave generator and the second sound wave generator without being restricted by the cylinder, the sound waves from the first sound wave generator are not affected.
- a fixed frequency corresponding to the difference between the frequency and the frequency of the sound wave from the second sound wave generator can be freely set. In other words, there is an advantage that the frequency of the beat wave can be matched with the frequency with high sensitivity of the sound wave receiving unit.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a fire detector that works according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 (A) and (B) are a schematic plan view and a schematic side view of the fire detector.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an ultrasonic generation element of a fire detector.
- FIG. 4 (A) and (B) are a schematic perspective view and a schematic cross-sectional view, partly broken, of a receiving element of a fire detector.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a fire detector that works according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the output frequency of the ultrasonic generator and the unit attenuation rate of sound pressure received by the receiving element.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the relationship between the output frequency of the ultrasonic generator and the relative unit attenuation rate of the sound pressure received by the receiving element.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing an operation example of the fire detector according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing the relationship between smoke density and the attenuation rate of ultrasonic waves at a specific frequency.
- FIG. 10 is a block diagram of a fire detector that is effective in a first modification of the second embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is a block diagram of a fire detector that works on a second modification of the second embodiment.
- FIG. 12 is a block diagram of a fire detector that works on a third modification of the second embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is a block diagram of a fire detector that works on a fourth modification of the second embodiment.
- ⁇ 14] (A) and (B) are a schematic plan view and a schematic side view of a fire detector according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- (A) and (B) are schematic perspective views showing a cylinder disposed between a sound wave generator and a wave receiving element.
- FIG. 16 is a schematic side view showing a positional relationship among a sound wave generator, a receiving element, and a cylindrical body.
- FIG. 17 is a schematic plan view showing another example of the positional relationship among the sound wave generator, the receiving element, and the cylinder.
- FIG. 18 is a schematic plan view showing another cylinder disposed between the sound wave generator and the receiving element.
- FIG. 19 is a schematic side view showing still another cylinder disposed between the sound wave generator and the receiving element.
- FIG. 20 is a schematic side view of a fire detector according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 22 is a schematic side view showing a sound wave generator and a wave receiving element disposed at both ends of a cylindrical body.
- FIG. 23 is a schematic side view showing a sound wave generator and a receiving element disposed at one end of the cylinder.
- ⁇ 24 A sound wave generator disposed at one end of the cylinder and a side surface of the cylinder.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic side view showing a receiving element.
- FIG. 25 is a schematic side view showing a sound wave generator disposed at one end of a cylinder and a wave receiving element disposed at the center of the side of the cylinder.
- ⁇ 26 It is a schematic side view of a fire detector that works on the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- ⁇ 27 It is a schematic side view of a fire detector that works on the sixth embodiment of the present invention.
- ⁇ 28 It is a schematic side view of a fire detector that works on the first modification of the sixth embodiment.
- ⁇ 29 It is a schematic side view of a fire detector that works on the second modification of the sixth embodiment.
- ⁇ 30 It is a schematic side view of a fire detector that works on a third modification of the sixth embodiment.
- FIG. 31 is a block diagram of a fire detector that works on the seventh embodiment of the present invention.
- ⁇ 32 It is a schematic plan view of a fire detector according to a seventh embodiment.
- ⁇ 33 A flowchart showing an operation example of the fire detector of the seventh embodiment.
- FIG. 35 is a schematic plan view of a fire detector useful for an eighth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 36 is a schematic side view of a fire detector that works on a modification of the eighth embodiment.
- FIG. 37 is a schematic plan view of a fire detector that works on a further modification of the eighth embodiment.
- FIG. 38 (A) and (B) are a schematic side view and a schematic perspective view of a fire detector according to a ninth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 39 is a block diagram of a fire detector useful for a tenth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 40 is a block diagram of a fire detector that is effective in a modification of the tenth embodiment.
- FIG. 41 is a schematic plan view of a fire detector that works on a modification of the tenth embodiment.
- FIG. 42 is a block diagram of a fire detector useful for an eleventh embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 43] (A) to (E) are explanatory diagrams of the operation of the fire detector that is effective in the eleventh embodiment.
- FIG. 44 is a block diagram of a fire detector useful for a twelfth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 45 is a schematic perspective view of a fire detector according to a twelfth embodiment.
- Fig. 46 is a schematic perspective view of a fire detector useful for a modification of the twelfth embodiment.
- FIGS. 47A and 47B are a schematic cross-sectional view and a schematic plan view of a differential wave receiving element used in the twelfth embodiment.
- FIG. 48 is a flowchart showing an operation example of the fire detector of the twelfth embodiment.
- FIG. 49 is a block diagram of a fire detector useful for a thirteenth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 50 is a block diagram of a fire detector useful for a fourteenth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 51A to 51C are operation explanatory views of the fire detector of the fourteenth embodiment.
- FIG. 52 (A) and (B) are schematic side views of the fire detector according to the fifteenth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 53 (A) and (B) are schematic perspective views of a fire sensor according to a sixteenth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 54 is a block diagram of a fire detector useful for a seventeenth embodiment of the present invention.
- the fire detector of this embodiment includes a sound wave generator 1 that provides ultrasonic waves to a monitoring space, a control unit 2 that controls the sound wave generator 1, and a sound wave generation via the monitoring space. It is mainly composed of a wave receiving element 3 as an ultrasonic wave receiving unit that detects the sound pressure of the ultrasonic wave from unit 1 and a signal processing unit 4 that determines the presence or absence of a fire based on the output of the wave receiving element 3.
- a wave receiving element 3 as an ultrasonic wave receiving unit that detects the sound pressure of the ultrasonic wave from unit 1
- a signal processing unit 4 that determines the presence or absence of a fire based on the output of the wave receiving element 3.
- FIGS. 2 (A) and 2 (B) the sound wave generation unit 1 and the wave receiving element 3 are spaced apart from each other on the circuit board 5 having a disk-like print board force. Is done.
- the control unit 2 and the signal processing unit 4 are provided on the circuit board 5.
- reference numeral 6 denotes a sound insulating wall provided around the wave receiving element 3 in order to prevent the ultrasonic waves generated from other than the sound wave generating unit 1 from entering the wave receiving element 3.
- the formation of the sound insulation wall 6 is effective in reducing false alarms in fire detection.
- a sound absorbing layer (not shown) for preventing the reflection of ultrasonic waves is provided on the circuit board 5, and the ultrasonic waves reflected by the circuit board 5 interfere as reflected waves and interfere with the receiving element 3. The incident can be prevented.
- the formation of the sound absorbing layer is effective when a continuous wave is used as the ultrasonic wave from the sound wave generator 1.
- an ultrasonic wave generation element that generates an ultrasonic wave by applying a thermal shock to air is used, and an ultrasonic wave having a reverberation time shorter than that of a piezoelectric element is used.
- an ultrasonic wave having a reverberation time shorter than that of a piezoelectric element is used.
- the wave receiving element 3 a capacitance type microphone mouthphone with a short reverberation component generation period included in the received signal whose resonance characteristic Q value is sufficiently smaller than that of the piezoelectric element is used. .
- the sound wave generator 1 includes a base substrate 11 having a single crystal p-type silicon substrate force, and porous silicon formed on the surface of the base substrate 11 (upper surface in FIG. 3).
- a heat insulating layer (heat insulating layer) 12 a heat generating layer 13 made of a metal thin film formed as a heat generating element on the upper surface of the heat insulating layer 12, and a heat generating element layer 13 on the upper surface of the base substrate 11.
- a pair of pads 14 electrically connected to each other.
- the planar shape of the base substrate 11 is a rectangular shape, and the planar shapes of the heat insulating layer 12 and the heating element layer 13 are also rectangular.
- an insulating film (not shown) made of a silicon oxide film is formed in a region of the upper surface of the base substrate 11 where the thermal insulating layer 12 is not formed.
- the ultrasonic wave generating element constituting the sound wave generating unit 1 is a supersonic wave propagating through the medium by converting a sudden temperature change of the heat generating layer 13 due to energization to the heat generating layer 13 into expansion and contraction of the medium. Since sound waves are generated, single-pulse ultrasonic waves with less reverberation can be provided to the monitoring space compared to the case where ultrasonic waves are generated by mechanical vibration like a piezoelectric element.
- the porous silicon layer constituting the heat insulating layer 12 has a porosity of about 60 to about 70%, and a part of the silicon substrate used as the base substrate 11 is made of a hydrogen fluoride aqueous solution and ethanol. It can be formed by anodizing treatment in an electrolytic solution such as a mixed solution.
- the porous silicon layer formed by the anodic oxidation treatment contains a large number of nanocrystalline silicon that can be microcrystalline silicon having a crystal grain size on the order of nanometers. As the porosity of the porous silicon layer increases, the thermal conductivity and heat capacity become smaller.
- the thermal conductivity and heat capacity of the thermal insulating layer 12 are made smaller than the thermal conductivity and heat capacity of the base substrate 11, and By making the product of the thermal conductivity and thermal capacity of the thermal insulation layer 1 2 sufficiently smaller than the product of the thermal conductivity and thermal capacity of the base substrate 11, the temperature change of the heating element layer 13 is efficiently transmitted to the air. can do. In addition, efficient heat exchange between the heating element layer 13 and the air can be obtained, and the base substrate 11 can efficiently receive the heat from the heat insulating layer 12 and release the heat of the heat insulating layer 12. . Therefore, it is possible to prevent heat from the heating element layer 13 from being accumulated in the heat insulating layer 12.
- the porosity formed by anodizing a single crystal silicon substrate having a thermal conductivity of 148 WZ (mK) and a heat capacity of 1.63 X 10 6 jZ (m 3 'K) is about
- a 60% porous silicon layer has a thermal conductivity of about lWZ (m'K), a heat capacity of about 0.7 X 10 6 jZ (m 3 'K), and a porosity of about 70%.
- the thermal conductivity is about 0.12 WZ (m * K)
- the heat capacity is about 0.5 X 10 6 j / (m 3 'K).
- the heat insulating layer 12 of this embodiment is formed of a porous silicon layer having a porosity of about 70%.
- the heating element layer 13 is made of tungsten, which is a kind of refractory metal.
- the material of the heating element layer 13 is not limited to tungsten.
- tantalum, molybdenum, iridium, Lumi-um may be used.
- the base substrate 11 has a thickness of 300 to 700 / ⁇ ⁇
- the thermal insulating layer 12 has a thickness of 1 to 10 111
- the heating element layer 13 has a thickness of 20 to: LOOn m
- the thickness of each pad 14 is 0.5 m, these thicknesses are merely examples and are not particularly limited.
- Si is used as the material for the base substrate 11
- the material for the base substrate 11 is not limited to Si, and can be made porous by anodizing treatments such as Ge, SiC, GaP, GaAs, and InP. In any case using other semiconductor materials, a porous layer formed by making a part of the base substrate 11 porous can be used as the heat insulating layer 12.
- the sound wave generation unit 1 generates an ultrasonic wave according to a temperature change of the heating element layer 13 accompanying energization to the heating element layer 13 via the pair of pads 14, and If the drive input waveform to be applied or the drive current waveform force is a sinusoidal waveform with a frequency fl, for example, the frequency of the temperature oscillation generated in the heating element layer 13 is ideally the frequency fl of the drive input waveform.
- the frequency f2 is twice the frequency f2, and an ultrasonic wave with a frequency approximately twice the drive input waveform fl can be generated. That is, the sound wave generator 1 of the present embodiment has a flat frequency characteristic and can change the frequency of the generated ultrasonic wave over a wide range.
- the heat insulating layer 12 is composed of a porous layer, the heat insulating layer 12 is made of a non-porous layer (for example, a SiO film).
- the thermal insulation layer 12 Compared with the case where the thermal insulation layer 12 is heated, the heat insulation property of the thermal insulation layer 12 is improved, the efficiency of ultrasonic generation is increased, and the power consumption can be saved.
- control unit 2 that controls the sound wave generation unit 1 gives a drive input waveform to the sound wave generation unit 1 to drive the sound wave generation unit 1, and a microphone that controls the drive circuit It consists of a control circuit that also has a mouth computer power.
- the capacitive microphone constituting the wave receiving element 3 is a rectangular microphone provided with a window hole 31 penetrating in the thickness direction in the silicon substrate.
- Frame 30 and cantilevered pressure receiving part 32 arranged across two opposite sides of frame 30 It is.
- a thermal acid film 35 is formed on the upper surface of the frame 30
- a silicon acid film 36 is formed on the thermal acid film 35
- a silicon nitride film 37 is formed on the silicon oxide film 36. It is formed.
- One end portion of the pressure receiving portion 32 is supported by the frame 30 through the silicon nitride film 37, and the other end portion is disposed so as to face the upper side of the silicon nitride film 37.
- a fixed electrode 34 having a metal thin film (for example, chromium film) force is formed, and on the upper surface of the other end portion of the pressure receiving portion 32, a metal thin film is formed.
- a movable electrode 33 made of (for example, a chromium film) is formed.
- a silicon nitride film 38 is formed on the lower surface of the frame 31.
- the pressure receiving portion 32 is formed of a silicon nitride film formed in a separate process from the silicon nitride films 37 and 38.
- the wave receiving element 3 composed of this capacitance type microphone, a capacitor having the fixed electrode 34 and the movable electrode 33 as electrodes is formed, so that the pressure receiving portion 32 receives the pressure of the dense wave.
- the capacitance between the electrodes changes. Therefore, if a DC bias voltage is applied between the pads (not shown) provided on the fixed electrode 34 and the movable electrode 33, a minute voltage change occurs between the nodes according to the sound pressure of the ultrasonic waves. The sound pressure of ultrasonic waves can be converted into an electric signal.
- the signal processing unit 4 is configured to detect smoke in the monitoring space between the sound wave generating unit 1 and the wave receiving element 3 based on the attenuation amount of the reference value force of the output of the wave receiving element 3.
- the smoke concentration estimation unit 41 that estimates the concentration
- the smoke concentration determination unit 42 that compares the smoke concentration estimated by the smoke concentration estimation unit 41 with a predetermined threshold and determines whether there is a fire
- the sound wave generation unit 1 A sound speed detector 43 that obtains the sound speed based on the time required for the receiving element 3 to receive the provided ultrasonic wave, and a temperature that estimates the temperature of the monitoring space based on the sound speed obtained by the sound speed detector 43 It has an estimation unit 44 and a temperature determination unit 45 that compares the temperature estimated by the temperature estimation unit 44 with the specified temperature to determine the presence or absence of a fire.
- the signal processing unit 4 is configured by a microcomputer, and each of the units 41 to 45 is realized by mounting an appropriate program on the microcomputer. Further, the signal processing unit 4 is provided with an AZD converter for analog-digital conversion of the output signal of the wave receiving element 3.
- the smoke density estimation unit 41 estimates the smoke density based on the attenuation from the reference value of the output of the wave receiving element 3. If the frequency of the ultrasonic wave from the sound wave generator 1 is constant, the attenuation will be Since it increases approximately in proportion to the smoke concentration within the interval, if you store the relationship data (for example, the relationship between smoke concentration and attenuation amount) of the measured smoke concentration and attenuation, The smoke concentration can be estimated from the quantity.
- the smoke density determination unit 42 determines "no fire” if the smoke density estimated by the smoke density estimation unit 41 is less than the above threshold value, and "no fire” if the smoke density is greater than the above threshold value.
- the control unit 2 controls the drive input waveform to the sound wave generation unit 1 so that the sound wave generation unit 1 generates an audible alarm sound with sonic power in the audible range.
- the alarm sound can be generated from the sound wave generator 1, it is possible to reduce the size and cost of the fire detector as a whole without requiring a separate speaker for outputting the alarm sound.
- the sound speed detection unit 43 uses the distance between the sound wave generator 1 and the wave receiving element 3 and the time required for the wave receiving element 3 to receive the ultrasonic wave provided by the sound wave generator 1. Find the speed of sound.
- the temperature estimation unit 44 estimates the temperature of the monitoring space from the sound velocity using a well-known relational expression between the sound velocity in the atmosphere and the absolute temperature.
- the temperature determination unit 45 determines that there is no fire when the temperature estimated by the temperature estimation unit 44 is lower than the specified temperature, and determines that there is a fire when the temperature is higher than the specified temperature.
- the signal is output to the control unit 2. Based on this fire detection signal, the control unit 2 controls the drive input waveform to the sound wave generation unit 1 so that an audible alarm sound is generated.
- the fire detection signal output from the smoke concentration determination unit 42 and the temperature determination unit 45 is output to the control unit 2 and output to an external notification device other than the force control unit 2. Even if you do it.
- the presence or absence of a fire is determined by comparing the smoke concentration estimated based on the attenuation amount from the reference value of the output of the wave receiving element 3 with a predetermined threshold value. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the occurrence of false alarms by eliminating the influence of background light, which is a problem with dimming smoke detectors.
- the labyrinth required for the scattered light smoke detector can be eliminated, and smoke particles can easily diffuse into the monitoring space in the event of a fire, improving the responsiveness compared to the scattered light smoke detector. I can plan.
- the temperature of the monitoring space is estimated based on the sound speed obtained by the sound speed detection unit 43, and the presence or absence of a fire is determined from the estimated temperature. Without fire A fire can be detected even when the temperature rises, and the occurrence of a fire can be detected more accurately.
- the fire detector according to the present embodiment is substantially the same as the first embodiment except that the configurations of the control unit 2 and the signal processing unit 4 are different. Therefore, the same components as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted.
- the relationship between the output frequency of the sound wave generator 1 and the unit attenuation rate of the sound pressure varies depending on the type of smoke particles (floating) existing in the monitoring space, as shown in FIG. It has been confirmed by experiments.
- the sound pressure received by the wave receiving element 3 in the absence of smoke particles in the monitoring space (hereinafter referred to as the reference sound pressure) is I, and x% Zm is evaluated by the dimming smoke densitometer.
- the sound pressure decay rate is (II) / 1
- ⁇ is an approximate curve (black circle is measured data) showing the relationship between the output frequency and the unit attenuation rate of sound pressure when black smoke particles are present in the monitoring space.
- Approximate curve black square is measured data showing the relationship between output frequency and unit attenuation rate of sound pressure when white smoke particles are present in the monitoring space.
- This is an approximate curve (black triangles are measured data) showing the relationship between the output frequency and the unit attenuation rate of sound pressure when particles are present.
- the unit attenuation rate shown here is data for each output frequency when the distance between the sound wave generator 1 and the receiving element 3 is set to 30 cm. The rightmost data in Fig.
- Fig. 7 Show. In short, in Fig. 7, the horizontal axis is the output frequency and the vertical axis is the relative unit attenuation.
- the size of white smoke particles is about 800 nm
- the size of black smoke particles is about 200 nm
- the size of steam particles is about several to 20 ⁇ m.
- the control unit 2 controls the sound wave generation unit 1 so that a plurality of types of ultrasonic waves having different frequencies are sequentially provided to the monitoring space.
- Signal processor 4 Is at least the reference output of the receiving element 3 (the output of the receiving element 3 with respect to the reference sound pressure), the type of smoke particles present in the monitoring space, and the output frequency and reception of the sound wave generator 1 according to the smoke particle concentration Data related to the relative unit attenuation of the output of element 3 (data extracted from Fig. 7 above), unit attenuation at a specific frequency (for example, 82kHz) for smoke particles (extracted from Fig.
- the smoke concentration estimation unit 41 relates to the smoke particles estimated by the smoke particle determination unit 46 based on the attenuation amount of the reference value of the output of the receiving element 3 with respect to the ultrasonic wave of a specific frequency (for example, 82 kHz). Estimate smoke density. Then, the smoke concentration determination unit 42 compares the smoke concentration estimated by the smoke concentration estimation unit 41 with a predetermined threshold value to determine whether there is a fire.
- a plurality of types of ultrasonic waves are sequentially provided from the sound wave generator 1 to the monitoring space, and the output of the receiving element 3 for each ultrasonic wave is measured by the signal processor 4 (step Sl 1).
- the smoke particle determination unit 46 obtains the sound pressure attenuation rate from the output of the receiving element 3 and the reference output stored in the storage unit 48 for each output frequency (step S12), and the output frequency is 82 kHz.
- the ratio of the sound pressure attenuation rate at 20 kHz to the sound pressure attenuation rate is calculated (step S13).
- the storage unit 48 stores the relative unit at 20 kHz relative to the relative unit attenuation at the output frequency of 82 kHz as relational data between the output frequency of the sound wave generator 1 and the relative unit attenuation of the output of the receiving element 3.
- Attenuation rate ratio (in the case of Fig. 7, white smoke is 0, black smoke is 0.2, steam is 0.5) is stored, and the smoke particle determination unit 46 stores the calculated attenuation rate ratio.
- the type of smoke particles with the closest ratio of attenuation rate among the relational data is estimated as smoke particles present in the monitoring space (step S14). For example, when the smoke particles are white smoke, as shown in Fig.
- the relationship between the smoke density measured by the dimming smoke densitometer and the sound pressure attenuation rate can be represented by a straight line.
- the process proceeds to processing in the smoke concentration estimation unit 41 (step S15). Therefore, if it is estimated that the smoke particle type is steam, Since it is not a fire, subsequent processing is omitted.
- the smoke density estimation unit 41 relates to the unit attenuation rate stored in the storage unit 48 of the attenuation factor of the output of the receiving element 3 with respect to ultrasonic waves of a specific frequency (for example, 82 kHz) with respect to the estimated types of smoke particles.
- the ratio is calculated, and it is estimated that the smoke density in the monitoring space corresponds to the smoke density y% Zm in the evaluation with the dimming smoke densitometer in the case of the value power of the ratio (step S16).
- the smoke density determination unit 42 compares the smoke density estimated in step S16 with a predetermined threshold (e.g., a smoke density that is 10% Zm when evaluated with a dimming smoke densitometer), and the estimated smoke density. If the value is less than the above threshold, it is determined that there is no fire, and if it is greater than the threshold value, it is determined that there is a fire, and a fire detection signal is output to the control unit 2.
- a predetermined threshold e.g., a smoke density that is 10% Zm when evaluated with a dimming smoke densitometer
- the attenuation rate when the output frequency is 82 kHz and the attenuation rate when the output frequency is 20 kHz are used, but the combination is not limited to these output frequencies. It is possible to use different combinations of output frequencies or use attenuation factors for more output frequencies. In that case, the accuracy of smoke particle type estimation can be improved.
- the smoke density estimation unit 41 targets one frequency as the specific frequency. However, the average value of the smoke density estimated for each specific frequency is obtained by targeting a plurality of frequencies as the specific frequency. It may be. Also in this case, the accuracy of smoke density estimation is improved.
- the smoke particle determination unit 46 can be realized by installing an appropriate program in the microcomputer constituting the signal processing unit 4, similarly to the smoke concentration estimation unit 41 and the smoke concentration determination unit 42.
- the control unit 2 sets the frequency of the ultrasonic wave provided from the sound wave generation unit 1 within a predetermined frequency range (for example, 20 kHz to The lower limit frequency (eg, 20 kHz) force of 82 kHz) is also changed to the upper limit frequency (eg, 82 kHz).
- a predetermined frequency range for example, 20 kHz to The lower limit frequency (eg, 20 kHz) force of 82 kHz) is also changed to the upper limit frequency (eg, 82 kHz).
- control is performed so that four types of ultrasonic waves having different frequencies are sequentially provided to the monitoring space.
- the frequency of the ultrasonic waves provided from the sound wave generator 1 is not limited to four types, and may be a plurality of types. For example, if two types are used, the burden on the control unit 2 and the signal processing unit 4 can be reduced and the control unit 2 and the signal processing can be reduced compared to the case of using three or more types of ultrasonic waves. Can simplify part 4.
- the ultrasonic wave generation element described in Embodiment 1 is used as the sound wave generation unit 1, and single pulse ultrasonic waves can be generated. If the provided ultrasonic waves are single-pulse ultrasonic waves having different frequencies, the ultrasonic wave generator 1 uses a plurality of piezoelectric elements having different resonance frequencies to provide ultrasonic waves of each piezoelectric element force continuous wave. Compared to the above, low cost and low power consumption can be achieved. Moreover,
- the sound generator 1 can be made smaller than when multiple ultrasonic generators are used to generate various types of ultrasonic waves.
- relational data stored in the storage unit 48 may be any data as long as it indicates the relationship between the output frequency of the sound wave generation unit 1 and the attenuation from the reference value of the output of the wave receiving element 3.
- unit attenuation
- the adopted relation data may be used.
- the responsiveness can be improved as compared with the scattered light smoke detector, and the dimming smoke detector. Compared to this, the occurrence of false alarms regarding fire detection can be reduced.
- the smoke particle judgment unit 46 can also distinguish between solid smoke particles and steam by estimating the type of smoke particles present in the monitoring space. Compared to smoke detectors, it is possible to reduce the occurrence of false alarms caused by steam, making it a fire detector suitable for use in kitchens and bathrooms. Furthermore, since the smoke particle judgment unit 46 can distinguish between white smoke particles and black smoke particles, it is also possible to obtain information on the nature of the fire. In addition, it is possible to distinguish between dust and smoke particles floating when cleaning a room where a fire sensor is installed or when electrical work is performed on the ceiling, reducing the occurrence of false alarms due to dust. But it is also effective.
- the sound wave generator 1 may be composed of a plurality of ultrasonic wave generators la having different output frequencies.
- an element that generates an ultrasonic wave by mechanical vibration such as a piezoelectric element, is used as each ultrasonic wave generating element la, and each ultrasonic wave generating element la is driven at the respective resonance frequency to thereby generate a sound wave.
- the sound pressure of the ultrasonic wave from the generator 1 can be increased.
- the SN ratio is improved when the amount of change in the output of the receiving element 3 with respect to the amount of change in smoke concentration is large.
- a plurality of receiving elements 3 respectively associated with the respective ultrasonic generating elements la are provided, and each receiving element 3 is configured to receive ultrasonic waves from the corresponding ultrasonic generating elements la. ing.
- each receiving element 3 is a piezoelectric element having a relatively large resonance characteristic Q value, and each receiving element 3 is used for receiving ultrasonic waves of the respective resonance frequency, thereby improving the sensitivity of the receiving element 3. It is possible to improve the SN ratio.
- each ultrasonic wave generation element la by driving each ultrasonic wave generation element la in sequence and transmitting multiple types of ultrasonic waves sequentially, multiple ultrasonic wave generation elements la are driven simultaneously to transmit multiple types of ultrasonic waves simultaneously. Will also be possible. If multiple types of ultrasonic waves are transmitted simultaneously, the amount of attenuation of the sound pressure of multiple types of ultrasonic waves can be detected at the same time, which can be influenced by changes in the monitoring space over time (for example, temporal changes in smoke particle concentration). Under the same conditions, the attenuation of sound pressure can be detected for multiple types of ultrasonic waves, and the type of smoke particles and smoke concentration can be estimated more accurately.
- a single wave receiving element 3 is provided for the sound wave generating unit 1 including a plurality of ultrasonic wave generating elements la, It is also possible to sequentially drive the sound wave generating element la to provide a plurality of types of ultrasonic waves to the monitoring space, and to receive the plurality of types of ultrasonic waves sequentially by the single receiving element 3.
- the wave receiving element 3 it is desirable to use an element having a small Q value of the resonance characteristics, such as the capacitance type microphone described in the first embodiment.
- the cost of the receiving element 3 can be reduced and the size of the fire detector can be reduced as compared with the case where a plurality of receiving elements 3 are provided.
- an ultrasonic generation element la that can be used for both transmission and reception of ultrasonic waves such as a piezoelectric ultrasonic sensor is used.
- the ultrasonic wave generating element la may be used as the wave receiving element 3 by connecting the sound wave generating element la not only to the control unit 2 but also to the signal processing unit 4.
- the sound wave generation unit 1 is configured by a plurality of ultrasonic wave generation elements la, and the reflection wall that reflects the ultrasonic waves provided from each of the ultrasonic wave generation elements la toward the ultrasonic wave generation element la.
- the reflected wave of the ultrasonic wave from each ultrasonic wave generation element la is received.
- the ultrasonic wave travels back and forth between the reflecting wall 7 and the ultrasonic wave generating element la, so that the wave receiving element 3 is obtained. Since it is received by the functioning ultrasonic wave generating element la, the space between the ultrasonic wave generating element la and the reflection wall 7 becomes the monitoring space.
- the reflecting wall 7 is necessary, it is possible to achieve low cost by reducing the number of elements.
- the single ultrasonic wave generating element described in the first embodiment is used as the sound wave generating unit 1, and the control unit 2 generates sound waves.
- the control unit 2 By sequentially changing the frequency of the drive input waveform applied to part 1, a plurality of types of ultrasonic waves having different frequencies may be sequentially provided to the monitoring space, while a plurality of receiving elements 3 may be provided.
- a piezoelectric element having a relatively large Q value of the resonance characteristics is used as the receiving element 3, and each receiving element 3 is used for receiving ultrasonic waves of the respective resonance frequencies, thereby improving the sensitivity of the receiving element 3.
- the S / N ratio can be increased.
- the signal processing unit 4 is periodically based on the output of the wave receiving element 3 with respect to ultrasonic waves of a predetermined frequency (for example, 82 kHz, which is the same as the specific frequency described above). At least one of the control conditions of the sound wave generator 1 by the control unit 2 and the signal processing conditions of the output of the wave receiver 3 so that the output fluctuation of the sound wave generator 1 and the sensitivity fluctuation of the wave receiver 3 are cancelled.
- a predetermined frequency for example, 82 kHz, which is the same as the specific frequency described above.
- U prefer to be changed.
- the fire detection accuracy by the fire detector can be kept stable for a long time.
- the signal processing unit 4 may be provided with a sound speed detection unit 43, a temperature estimation unit 44, and a temperature determination unit 45.
- An integrated fire detector in which the sound wave generator 1, the controller 2, the wave receiving element 3, and the signal processor 4 are provided on a single circuit board 5 and housed in a case (not shown).
- a separate-type fire in which a sound wave transmission unit including a sound wave generation unit 1 and a control unit 2 and a sound wave reception unit including a wave receiving element 3 and a signal processing unit 4 are disposed separately from each other. Sensors may be configured.
- the sound wave generator 1 is not limited to the ultrasonic wave generator shown in FIG. 3, for example, a thin plate made of aluminum is used as a heat generator part, and the rapid heating of the heat generator part accompanying energization of the heat generator part is performed.
- An ultrasonic wave may be generated by a thermal shock caused by a change in degree.
- the control unit 2 controls the sound wave generating unit 1 so as to transmit ultrasonic waves having a frequency having an insect repellent effect, thereby preventing insects from entering the monitoring space. And the occurrence of false alarms due to insects can be reduced.
- an ultrasonic wave having an insect-proofing frequency may be transmitted periodically.
- the frequency of the ultrasonic wave transmitted by the sound wave generator 1 may be set to a frequency having an insect repellent effect.
- the fire detector of the present embodiment uses the inner space as an ultrasonic wave propagation path, and the cylinder 50 that narrows the ultrasonic diffusion range generates sound waves. Except for being arranged between the part 1 and the receiving element 3, it is substantially the same as the first embodiment. Therefore, the same components as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant descriptions are omitted.
- the cylinder 50 is disposed in at least a part of an ultrasonic wave propagation path in the monitoring space.
- the cylindrical body 50 of the present embodiment has a substantially rectangular parallelepiped rectangular tube structure in which both end surfaces in the longitudinal direction are opened, and one end surface in the longitudinal direction (the right end surface in FIG. 14 (A)) is a sound wave.
- the one end face is closed by the sound wave generating section 1 by being placed close to the generating section 1, and the other end face (the left end face in FIG. 14A) is separated from the wave receiving element 3 by a predetermined distance.
- the surface of the heating element layer 13 (see FIG. 3) of the ultrasonic wave generating element constituting the sound wave generating unit 1 is The cylindrical body 50 is disposed so as to oppose the ultrasonic incident port, and is formed in a shape that is the same as or larger than the ultrasonic incident port, preferably approximately the same size.
- the opening area of the ultrasonic inlet of the cylinder 50 is a 10 mm square
- the surface of the heating element layer 13 is a 10 mm square.
- the ultrasonic wave from the sound wave generation unit 1 travels as a plane wave in the cylindrical body 50. To do. Therefore, interference due to the reflected wave on the side surface of the cylinder 50 is generated. It is possible to prevent a decrease in the sound pressure of the ultrasonic wave that is not twisted.
- the multiple ultrasonic waves The ultrasonic wave generation surface of the sound wave generation unit 1 formed by arranging the generation elements is arranged opposite to the ultrasonic wave incident port of the cylindrical body 50 and has a shape equal to or larger than the ultrasonic wave incident port, preferably approximately. If formed in the same shape, the same effect as in FIG. 15A can be obtained.
- the opening area of the ultrasonic incident port of the cylinder 50 has a square shape of 10 mm square
- the heating element layer 13 of each ultrasonic wave generating element has a square shape of 5 mm square. It is only necessary to form a 10 mm square square ultrasonic wave generating surface by arranging two ultrasonic wave generating elements.
- the cylindrical body 50 has a configuration in which the sound wave generating unit 1 is covered with the cylindrical body 50, and as shown in FIG. Alternatively, a configuration may be adopted in which they are arranged opposite to each other by a predetermined distance. Further, when the central axis of the sound wave generating unit 1 and the central axis of the wave receiving element 3 are not on the same axis, for example, when the wave receiving element 3 is inclined with respect to the central axis of the sound wave generating unit 1 As shown in FIG. 18, a cylindrical body 50 bent along the propagation path may be disposed between the sound wave generator 1 and the wave receiving element 3. Furthermore, as shown in FIG.
- an acoustic horn in which the cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction is increased in the direction in which the ultrasonic wave travels may be used as the cylindrical body 50.
- the cylinder 50 is not limited to a square cylinder but may be a round cylinder.
- the fire detector of the present embodiment in addition to the same effects as described in the first embodiment, the provision of the cylindrical body 50 suppresses a decrease in sound pressure due to diffusion of ultrasonic waves. Therefore, the S / N ratio is further improved.
- the surface of the heating element layer 13 of the sound wave generator 1 is formed to be approximately the same size as the ultrasonic incident port of the cylindrical body 50, the sound pressure drop due to the interference of ultrasonic waves in the cylindrical body 50 This is particularly preferable because it can be avoided.
- the fire detector according to the present embodiment has a cylindrical body 50 having the same length as the interval between the sound wave generating unit 1 and the wave receiving element 3, and the sound wave generating unit 1 and the wave receiving element 3 are This is substantially the same as in the first embodiment except that both end surfaces in the longitudinal direction of the body 50 are closed. Therefore, the same components as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals and overlapped. Description is omitted.
- the cylindrical body 50 arranged as shown in FIG. 20 has a specific resonance frequency in the same manner as an acoustic tube whose both end faces are closed.
- the control unit 2 controls the sound wave generation unit 1 so that ultrasonic waves having a specific resonance frequency are provided in the cylinder body 50, thereby causing resonance in the cylinder body 50.
- the sound pressure of the ultrasonic wave from the sound wave generator 1 is increased.
- the control unit 2 controls the sound wave generation unit 1 so that an ultrasonic wave having an m (> LZ ⁇ ) period is provided in the cylindrical body 50.
- the wave receiving element 3 detects the sound pressure of the ultrasonic wave at the timing when the resonance occurs in the cylindrical body 50 and the sound pressure of the ultrasonic wave is saturated (“S” timing in FIG. 21). Normally, when the transmission of ultrasonic waves from the sound wave generator 1 ends, the sound pressure of the ultrasonic waves saturates.For example, at the same time as the transmission of ultrasonic waves from the sound wave generator 1 ends, the receiving element Then, just detect the sound pressure of the ultrasonic!
- the sound wave generator 1 is disposed on one end surface of the cylindrical body 50, and the wave receiving element 3 is disposed on the other end surface.
- the pressure change due to the ultrasonic wave is maximized at both ends, so that the receiving element 3 detects the sound pressure of the ultrasonic wave at the site where the pressure change due to the ultrasonic wave is maximized.
- the receiving element 3 can detect the sound pressure of the ultrasonic wave at the site that becomes the antinode of the sound pressure of the sound wave (that is, the node of the moving speed of the air) (in Fig.
- the vertical direction of "W1" and "W2" The interval of represents the magnitude of the pressure change).
- the amount of change in the output of the wave receiving element 3 with respect to the amount of change in smoke concentration can be maximized.
- the sound wave generator 1 and the receiving element 3 are arranged side by side on one end face of the cylinder 50, and the other end face in the longitudinal direction of the cylinder 50 (the right end face in FIG. 23) is closed. Even in this case, the wave receiving element 3 can detect the sound pressure at a site where the pressure change due to the ultrasonic wave is maximum.
- the sound wave generation unit 1 is arranged on the cylinder 50-end surface with both end surfaces closed, and the pressure change due to the ultrasonic waves from the sound wave generation unit 1 is the side surface along the longitudinal direction.
- the receiving element 3 may be arranged at the maximum position. The place where the pressure change due to the ultrasonic wave becomes the maximum is for each end surface force ⁇ 2 ( ⁇ is the wavelength of the ultrasonic wave) along the longitudinal direction extending only at both ends in the longitudinal direction of the acoustic tube closed at both ends. If the receiving element 3 is arranged at this location, the amount of change in the output of the receiving element 3 with respect to the amount of change in smoke density can be maximized as in the case described above.
- FIG. 25 is another example of the case where the wave receiving element 3 is arranged at a position where the pressure change due to the ultrasonic wave from the sound wave generating unit 1 is maximized on the side surface of the cylindrical body 50.
- the wave receiving element 3 is arranged at the center in the longitudinal direction of the cylindrical body 50.
- a hole (not shown) for guiding smoke or the like is provided in the side surface along the longitudinal direction of the cylinder 50. Yes.
- this hole may be provided in a cylinder of another embodiment in which a part is opened. Further, the arrangement of the holes is not limited to the side surface of the cylindrical body.
- the resonance frequency of the cylinder 50 varies due to the change in the sound velocity due to the temperature change of the medium that is not always constant. . Therefore, in order to accurately match the frequency of the ultrasonic wave from the sound wave generator 1 with the resonance frequency of the cylindrical body 50, the frequency of the ultrasonic wave from the sound wave generator 1 is corrected according to the change in the sound speed accompanying the temperature change. There is a need to.
- the control unit 2 is provided with a frequency correction unit (not shown) that corrects the frequency of the ultrasonic wave from the sound wave generation unit 1 in accordance with the change in the sound velocity accompanying the temperature change. Therefore, even if the resonance frequency of the cylinder 50 may fluctuate due to a change in sound speed, the frequency of the ultrasonic wave with the force of the sound wave generation unit is corrected to the resonance frequency of the cylinder 50 after the change by the frequency correction unit. Therefore, the resonance can be reliably generated in the cylindrical body 50.
- the frequency correction unit is the sound speed detection unit 43 described in the first embodiment.
- the sound speed detection unit 43 determines the sound speed obtained based on the time difference until the sound wave generation unit 1 transmits an ultrasonic wave and the force is received by the wave receiving element 3. As a result, the configuration of the smoke detector can be simplified as compared with the case where a means for obtaining the sound velocity is individually provided.
- the control unit 2 can generate ultrasonic waves of 100 cycles for 100 kHz and 50 cycles for 50 kHz.
- the sound wave generator 1 is controlled so as to be continuously provided from 1.
- the ultrasonic sound pressure detected by the wave receiving element 3 at the timing at which resonance occurs in the cylinder 50 and the ultrasonic sound pressure is saturated (timing “S” in FIG. 21) is The sound pressure is several tens of times that of a single pulse-like ultrasonic wave transmitted and received without a body 50.
- the fire detector of the present embodiment described above by causing resonance in the cylindrical body 50, it is possible to further suppress a decrease in sound pressure between the sound wave generator 1 and the wave receiving element 3.
- the SN ratio can be increased when the change in the output of the wave receiving element 3 with respect to the change in smoke density is large.
- Ultrasonic waves that repeatedly reflect at the longitudinal end face of the cylinder 50 due to resonance Since the effective propagation distance is extended according to the number of reflections, this also contributes to an increase in the change in the output of the wave receiving element 3 with respect to the change in the smoke concentration, and a non-resonant single pulse.
- the amount of attenuation of the ultrasonic wave increases several times compared to the case where the ultrasonic wave is received by the wave receiving element 3.
- the opposing surfaces of the sound wave generator 1 and the wave receiving element 3 form a first reflection surface Rel and a second reflection surface Re2 that respectively reflect ultrasonic waves. Except for this, it is substantially the same as the first embodiment. Therefore, the same components as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted.
- the ultrasonic wave propagation path between the sound wave generator 1 and the wave receiving element 3 is the same as the air column having the first and second reflecting surfaces Rel and Re2 at both ends. Has a unique resonant frequency.
- control unit 2 controls the sound wave generation unit 1 so that the ultrasonic wave having the resonance frequency inherent to the ultrasonic wave propagation path based on the distance L is provided to the monitoring space, thereby generating the sound wave generation unit. Resonance is generated in the ultrasonic wave propagation path between 1 and the wave receiving element 3, and the sound pressure of the ultrasonic wave can be increased.
- a transmission time t in which ultrasonic waves are continuously transmitted from the sound wave generation unit 1 t is transmitted between the sound wave generation unit 1 and the wave receiving element 3.
- the sound generator 1 is controlled by the controller 2 so as to be longer than the time t required for the operation. This s
- the ultrasonic wave from the sound wave generator 1 resonates with at least the reflected wave from the second reflecting surface Re2, and therefore the sound pressure of the ultrasonic wave between the sound wave generator 1 and the wave receiving element 3 is reduced. Can be suppressed.
- the wave receiving element 3 detects the sound pressure of the ultrasonic wave at the timing when the resonance occurs between the sound wave generator 1 and the wave receiving element 3 and the sound pressure is saturated.
- control unit 2 is provided with a frequency correction unit (not shown) for correcting the frequency of the ultrasonic wave from the sound wave generation unit 1 in accordance with the change in the sound speed accompanying the temperature change. Therefore, resonance can be reliably generated between the sound wave generator 1 and the wave receiving element 3.
- a frequency correction unit (not shown) for correcting the frequency of the ultrasonic wave from the sound wave generation unit 1 in accordance with the change in the sound speed accompanying the temperature change. Therefore, resonance can be reliably generated between the sound wave generator 1 and the wave receiving element 3.
- the control unit 2 continuously transmits ultrasonic waves of at least 11 cycles to the monitoring space in the case of 105 kHz ultrasonic waves.
- the sound wave generator 1 is controlled as provided.
- the ultrasonic waves are reflected between the reflection plates Rel and Re2 between the reflected waves or 5 times.
- the sound pressure increases when the reflected wave and the direct wave from the sound wave generator 1 overlap.
- the sound pressure of the ultrasonic wave detected by the wave receiving element 3 when the resonance occurs and the sound pressure is saturated is several tens of times that when a single pulse-like ultrasonic wave other than the resonance frequency is transmitted and received. Of sound pressure.
- resonance is generated in the ultrasonic wave propagation path between the sound wave generator 1 and the wave receiving element 3.
- the effective propagation distance is extended according to the number of reflections, and the ultrasonic waves are substantially transmitted between the sound wave generator 1 and the wave receiving element 3. It reaches the receiving element 3 through a propagation distance several times the distance L.
- the fire detector of the present embodiment is substantially the same except that a reflecting plate 60 for improving the reflectance of ultrasonic waves is provided on the facing surface of the sound wave generator 1 and the wave receiving element 3.
- a reflecting plate 60 for improving the reflectance of ultrasonic waves is provided on the facing surface of the sound wave generator 1 and the wave receiving element 3.
- a pair of plate-like reflecting plates 60 are arranged to face each other, and the sound wave generating unit 1 and the wave receiving element 3 are arranged at a substantially central portion of each reflecting plate 60.
- the surface facing the wave receiving element 3 in the sound wave generating unit 1 and the surface facing the sound wave generating unit 1 in the wave receiving element 3 are flush with the surface of each reflector 60.
- a reflector 61 curved in a parabolic shape may be used as shown in FIG. Since the reflecting plate 61 has a concave curved surface as a reflecting surface, when the ultrasonic wave is reflected by each reflecting plate, the ultrasonic wave is collected by the wave receiving element 3 and the sound pressure is further reduced by the diffusion of the ultrasonic wave. Further suppression can be achieved.
- the reflector 61 having a concave curved surface as a reflecting surface may be disposed only on one side of the sound wave generator 1 and the wave receiving element 3! ,
- the sound wave generator 1 and the wave receiving element 3 may be arranged side by side on one of a pair of flat reflectors 60.
- Low cost can be achieved by reducing the number of elements.
- the ultrasonic wave from the sound wave generator 1 does not reach the wave receiving element 3 as a direct wave, it is reflected at least once by the reflecting plate 60 disposed opposite to the wave receiving element 3.
- the receiving element 3 tend to resonate.
- a parabolic reflector 61 may be arranged in place of the flat reflector 60 disposed opposite to the sound wave generator 1 and the receiving element 3.
- the fire detector according to the present embodiment includes a first sound wave generator 100 and a second sound wave generator 110, and a sound wave receiver that receives the ultrasonic waves.
- the first sound wave generating unit 100 and the first wave receiving element 120 are provided on the surface of the circuit board 5 having a disk-like printed circuit board force.
- the second sound wave generator 110 and the second wave receiving element 130 are arranged opposite to each other with a reference space interposed therebetween.
- the control unit 2 and the signal processing unit 4 are provided on the circuit board 5.
- the monitoring space between the first sound wave generator 100 and the first receiving element 120 is connected to the external space (outside air) around the fire detector in order to monitor the presence of a fire.
- the reference space between the sound wave generator 110 and the second receiving element 130 is surrounded by a blocking wall 8 that blocks at least suspended particles including smoke particles. That is, the first sound wave generation unit 100 transmits an ultrasonic wave to the monitoring space, and the second sound wave generation unit 110 transmits an ultrasonic wave to the reference space.
- the same ultrasonic wave generation element as in the first embodiment can be used, and the first wave receiving element 120 and the second wave receiving element 130 In each case, the same capacitance type microphone as in the first embodiment can be adopted.
- the control unit 2 that controls the first sound wave generation unit 100 and the second sound wave generation unit 110 gives a drive input waveform to the first sound wave generation unit 100 and the second sound wave generation unit 110 to drive, and It is composed of a control circuit having a microcomputer power for controlling the drive circuit.
- the signal processor 4 corrects the output of the first receiving element 120 in addition to the smoke density estimator 41, the smoke density determiner 42, the sound velocity detector 43, the temperature estimator 44, and the temperature determiner 45. Output correction The feature is that part 49 is provided.
- the smoke concentration estimation unit 41 calculates the smoke concentration based on the attenuation amount of the reference value of the output of the first receiving element 120 that detects the sound pressure of the ultrasonic wave from the first sound wave generation unit 100.
- the smoke concentration determination unit 42 determines that there is no fire when the smoke concentration estimated by the smoke concentration estimation unit 41 is less than the threshold value, and determines that there is a fire when the smoke concentration is greater than the threshold value. Is output to control unit 2.
- the control unit 2 receives the fire detection signal, the control unit 2 generates an alarm sound including an audible sound wave from the first sound wave generation unit 100.
- the sound velocity detection unit 43 obtains the sound velocity based on the time difference from when the first sound wave generation unit 100 transmits an ultrasonic wave until the force is also received by the first wave receiving element 120.
- the temperature estimation unit 44 estimates the temperature of the monitoring space based on the sound speed obtained by the sound speed detection unit 43.
- the temperature determination unit 45 compares the temperature estimated by the temperature estimation unit 44 with the specified temperature to determine the presence or absence of a fire. A fire detection signal is output to the control unit 2 by judging that “Yes”.
- the signal processing unit 4 is constituted by a microcomputer, and each unit (40 to 45, 49) constituting the signal processing unit 4 is realized by installing an appropriate program in the microcomputer. Is done.
- the output correction unit 49 which is a characteristic part of the present embodiment will be described in detail.
- the output of the first receiving element 120 is not limited to changes in the surrounding environment where the fire detector is placed (for example, changes in temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, etc.) Fluctuates due to a change in the sound pressure of the ultrasonic wave from the first sound wave generation unit 100 due to a time-dependent change (for example, aged deterioration) of the unit 100 and the first receiving element 120, and a change in sensitivity of the first receiving element 120 There is a fear.
- the output correction unit 49 corrects the output of the first receiving element 120 based on the rate of change of the initial value force of the output (reference value) of the second receiving element 130, and the output fluctuation described above is corrected. After the influence is removed, the corrected output of the first receiving element 120 is sent to the sound velocity detection unit 43 and the smoke density estimation unit 41, respectively.
- the output correction unit 49 receives the output of the second receiving element 130 that detects the sound pressure of the ultrasonic wave transmitted from the second sound wave generating unit 110 to the reference space, and is determined in advance. A correction coefficient based on the rate of change of the initial value of the output of the second receiving element 130 is obtained, and the output of the first receiving element 120 corrected using this correction coefficient is output to the smoke density estimating unit 41.
- the initial value of the output of the second receiving element 130 is, for example, when the surrounding environment (for example, temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure) is set to a predetermined state and no change with time has occurred (for example, before shipment).
- the output value of the second receiving element 130 detected in the step is held in the force correction output correction unit 49.
- an equivalent initial value may be set on the program in the design stage of the smoke detector.
- the second sound wave generator 110 is driven and the output of the second receiving element 130 is measured every time before the first sound wave generator 100 is driven to detect the smoke density in the monitoring space.
- the correction coefficient is calculated. Therefore, the correction coefficient is updated each time smoke concentration is detected in the monitoring space.
- the first sound wave generation unit 100 and the second sound wave generation unit 110 are driven under the same conditions (for example, the sound pressure and frequency of the transmitted ultrasonic wave) and the first The receiving element 120 and the second receiving element 130 are used under the same conditions (for example, DC bias voltage), and the positional relationship between the first sound wave generating unit 100 and the first wave receiving element 120 and the second sound wave generating
- the monitoring space where the suspended particles enter the monitoring space and the reference space are in the same state (for example, temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure)
- the output of the first receiving element 120 and the output of the second receiving element 130 are substantially the same.
- the initial value of the output of the second receiving element 130 and the reference value of the output of the first receiving element 120 are substantially the same value.
- the control unit 2 does not need to drive the first sound wave generation unit 100 and the second sound wave generation unit 110 at the same time, but the total transmission time of the ultrasonic waves is the first sound wave generation unit 100 and the second sound wave generation time.
- Each unit 110 is controlled to be the same.
- the blocking wall 8 is provided with a filter (for example, a porous ceramic filter) in which a large number of fine pores (not shown) having a size V, which does not allow airborne particles to pass through, is formed. And external space are in communication. Therefore, in the reference space, humidity and atmospheric pressure as well as temperature are the same as the external space and the monitoring space.
- a filter for example, a porous ceramic filter
- the rate of change of the actual output of the second receiving element 130 with respect to the initial value force is Changes in the environment (for example, temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure) or changes over time of the second sound generator 110 and the second receiver element 130 (same as changes over time of the first sound generator 100 and the first receiver element 120) ) Since the output of the first receiving element 120 is corrected using a correction coefficient based on this rate of change, the output of the first receiving element 120 excluding the effects of changes in the surrounding environment and changes over time is obtained. Subsequent fire determination is performed by the smoke concentration determination unit 42 and the temperature determination unit 45 using. In short, it is possible to remove the disturbance factor and make an accurate fire determination based on the information that reflects only the smoke density in the monitoring space.
- the second sound wave generator 110 is driven to obtain the initial value of the output of the second receiving element 130, and the initial value is held in the output correction unit 49 (step Sl). . Then, after the fire detector is installed at a desired location, the second sound wave generator 110 is driven before the first sound wave generator 100 is driven, and the actual output of the second wave receiving element 130 is obtained. A correction coefficient is calculated based on the rate of change of the initial value force of the actual output of the second receiving element 130 (step S2).
- the first sound wave generating unit 100 is driven to obtain the output from the first receiving element 120, and this output is corrected by the output correction unit 49 using the correction coefficient.
- the influence of changes in the surrounding environment and changes with time are removed from the output of the wave element 120 (step S3).
- the smoke density estimation unit 41 estimates the smoke density in the monitoring space, and the smoke density determination unit 42 determines the presence or absence of a fire (step S4).
- step S4 is completed, the process returns to step S2 for calculating the correction coefficient, and the operations of steps S2 to S4 described above are periodically repeated.
- the first sound wave generating unit 100 and the second sound wave generating unit 110, the first wave receiving element 120 and the second wave receiving element 130 are configured separately, and the first sound wave generating unit
- the generator 100 and the second sound wave generator 110 may be driven under different conditions, and the first receiving element 120 and the second receiving element 130 may be used under different conditions.
- the positional relationship between the first sound wave generating unit 100 and the first receiving element 120 is different from the positional relationship between the second sound wave generating unit 110 and the second receiving element 130. It may be.
- the distance between the first sound wave generator 100 and the first wave receiving element 120 is the distance between the second sound wave generator 110 and the second wave receiving element 130. It is set larger than the distance.
- a configuration may be adopted in which the correction coefficient is calculated once every time the smoke density in the monitoring space is detected a plurality of times. For example, in an environment where correction coefficients do not fluctuate, it is preferable to reduce power consumption by reducing the frequency of calculation (that is, updating) of correction coefficients.
- the output correction unit 49 removes the influence of the output fluctuation of the first receiving element 120 to increase the power. Since the fire is judged, the occurrence of false alarms can be reduced and the operational reliability of the fire detector can be further improved.
- the fire detector according to the present embodiment has a cylindrical body 51 disposed between the first sound wave generating unit 100 and the first wave receiving element 120, and the second sound wave generating unit 110 and the second sound wave generating unit 120.
- This is substantially the same as the seventh embodiment except that the cylindrical body 52 is disposed between the wave receiving element 130 and the wave receiving element 130. Therefore, the same components as those in the seventh embodiment and the embodiment cited in the seventh embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted.
- Each of the cylinders 51 and 52 is a straight tubular square tube as shown in FIG. 35, and one end surface in the longitudinal direction is closed by each of the first sound wave generation unit 100 and the second sound wave generation unit 110. The other end face is closed by each of the first receiving element 120 and the second receiving element 130. Therefore, the inside of the cylinder 51 is a monitoring space, and the inside of the cylinder 52 is equivalent to a reference space.
- the cylindrical body 51 is provided with a plurality of holes 53 having a size through which airborne particles including smoke particles pass, and the monitoring space communicates with the external space through the holes 53.
- the cylindrical body 52 also serves as the blocking wall 8 and at least partially includes a filter (for example, a porous ceramic filter) in which a large number of fine pores (not shown) are formed without allowing floating particles to pass through.
- a filter for example, a porous ceramic filter
- the ultrasonic waves from the first sound wave generating unit 100 and the second sound wave generating unit 110 pass through the inside of the cylindrical bodies 51 and 52, it is possible to prevent the sound pressure of the ultrasonic waves from being reduced by diffusion. .
- the first receiver is used when the monitoring space and the reference space are in the same atmosphere (eg, temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure).
- the degree of coincidence between the output of the wave element 120 and the output of the second receiving element 130 increases.
- the output correction unit 49 The correction accuracy of the output of the first receiving element 120 is further improved.
- the first receiving element 120 and the second receiving element 130 each have a sensitivity decrease of an amount of Msens (0 ⁇ Msens ⁇ l) due to changes in the surrounding environment and changes over time.
- the output of receiving element 130 is Pref
- the initial value of the output (reference value) of second receiving element 130 is Pre f0
- the output of first receiving element 120 is Pmes
- cylinders 51 and 52 may be arranged on the surface of the circuit board 5 so as to overlap each other.
- the cylindrical body 51 may be provided only between the first sound wave generator 100 and the first receiving element 120.
- the cylindrical body 51 is formed to be shorter than the interval between the first sound wave generating unit 100 and the first wave receiving element 120, and each end face in the longitudinal direction is formed between the first sound wave generating unit 100 and the first sound wave generating unit 100. By disposing them away from the wave receiving element 120, both end faces in the longitudinal direction are opened.
- the first sound wave generating unit 100 and the first receiving element 120 are arranged by arranging the cylindrical body 51. Therefore, the change in the output of the first receiving element 120 relative to the amount of change in smoke density is relatively large, resulting in a decrease in SN. Increasing the ratio has a further effect.
- the fire detector of the present embodiment divides the internal space of the cylinder 50 into two equal parts by a partition wall 54, thereby separating the monitoring space and the reference space.
- the first sound wave generator 100 and the second sound wave generator 110 are formed as a single ultrasonic wave generator 1 Except for being formed by 40, it is substantially the same as the seventh embodiment. Therefore, the same components as those in the seventh embodiment and the embodiments cited in the seventh embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted.
- the cylinder 50 of the present embodiment has a hole 53 of a size that allows the suspended space including smoke particles to pass through the monitored space and the external space on the monitored space side, and the first receiving element 120 and The second receiving element 130 is disposed at one end of each of the monitoring space and the reference space.
- the portion of the cylindrical body 50 that forms the reference space also serves as the blocking wall 8, and is provided with a filter (for example, a porous ceramic filter) in which a large number of micropores (not shown) that do not allow air particles to pass through are formed. Have at least some.
- first sound wave generation unit 100 and the second sound wave generation unit 110 are provided by a single sound wave generation element 140 that is disposed so as to straddle the other end of the monitoring space and the reference space.
- illustration of the first receiving element 120 and the second receiving element 130 is omitted.
- the cylinder 50 is a square cylinder having a square opening surface of 10 mm square, and the monitoring space and the reference space are each 5 mm ⁇ 10 mm opening by dividing the internal space into two equal parts by the partition wall 54.
- the ultrasonic wave generation element 140 the ultrasonic wave generation surface that vibrates the air as a medium has a square shape of 10 mm square.
- the ultrasonic wave generating element 140 is arranged so as to emit ultrasonic waves equally to the monitoring space and the reference space. In this case, the initial value of the output of the second receiving element 130 and the reference value of the output of the first receiving element 120 are the same value.
- the second receiving device is used.
- the correction coefficient may be calculated using the ratio between the initial value of the output of the wave element 130 and the reference value of the output of the first receiving element 120.
- the first sound wave generating unit 100 and the second sound wave generating unit 110 generate a single ultrasonic wave. Since it is composed of the element 140, the first sound wave generator 100 and the second sound wave generator 110 change over time in the same manner, and the first sound wave generator 100 and the second sound wave generator 110 change with time. There is an effect that the influence of the output fluctuation of the one receiving element 120 can be surely removed by the output correction unit 49. (Tenth embodiment)
- the fire detector of the present embodiment includes a first sound wave generator 100 and a second sound wave generator 110, and a sound wave receiver that receives ultrasonic waves. Is substantially the same as the smoke detector of the second embodiment, except that the first receiving element 120 and the second receiving element 130 are included, and the signal processing unit 4 includes an output correction unit 49 described later. Is the same. Therefore, the same components as those in the second embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted.
- control unit 2 controls the first sound wave generating unit 100 so that a plurality of types of ultrasonic waves having different frequencies are sequentially provided to the monitoring space.
- the signal processor 4 outputs at least the first sound wave corresponding to the reference output of the first receiving element 120 (output of the first receiving element 120 with respect to the reference sound pressure), the type of suspended particles present in the monitoring space, and the suspended particle concentration.
- the storage unit 48 storing the unit attenuation rate at a specific frequency (for example, 82 kHz) with respect to smoke particles, 1
- the sound wave generation unit 100 floats in the monitoring space using the output of the first receiving element 120 for each ultrasonic wave of each frequency transmitted to the actual monitoring space and the relational data stored in the storage unit 48.
- the smoke particle determination unit 46 that estimates the type of smoke particles that are generated, and the particles estimated by the smoke particle determination unit 46 are particles that have been previously determined to be monitored.
- the smoke concentration estimation unit 41 that estimates the smoke concentration in the monitoring space based on the amount of gasification, and the smoke concentration determination unit that determines whether there is a fire by comparing the smoke concentration estimated by the smoke concentration estimation unit with a predetermined threshold 42.
- the signal processing unit 4 includes an output correction unit that corrects the output of the first receiving element 120 based on the rate of change from the initial value of the output of the second receiving element 130.
- 49 is provided in the smoke receiving unit 46 and the smoke concentration estimation unit 41 after correction by the output correction unit 49 (i.e., excluding the influence of changes in the surrounding environment and changes over time). Processing is performed using 120 outputs.
- the control unit 2 sequentially transmits a plurality of types of ultrasonic waves having different frequencies from the first sound wave generating unit 100 by sequentially changing the frequency of the drive input waveform applied to the first sound wave generating unit 100.
- the frequency range of the ultrasonic wave transmitted by the first sound wave generator 100 is 20 kHz to 8 2kHz.
- the control unit 2 controls the first sound wave generation unit 100 so that four types of ultrasonic waves having different frequencies are sequentially transmitted.
- the second sound wave generating unit 110 before transmitting various types of ultrasonic waves from the first sound wave generating unit 100, the second sound wave generating unit 110 also transmits ultrasonic waves having the same frequency as the first sound wave generating unit 100.
- the correction coefficient is calculated based on the change rate of the initial value force of the output of the second receiving element 130. That is, the control unit 2 sequentially transmits a plurality of types of ultrasonic waves having different frequencies from the second sound wave generation unit 110 by sequentially changing the frequency of the drive input waveform applied to the second sound wave generation unit 110.
- the frequency range of the ultrasonic wave transmitted from the second sound wave generator 110 is 20 kHz to 82 kHz.
- the relational data stored in the storage unit 48 may be any data as long as it represents the relation between the output frequency of the first sound wave generator 100 and the attenuation of the reference value force of the output of the first receiving element 120.
- the relative unit attenuation rate for example, the attenuation amount of the reference value force of the output of the first receiving element 120 or the attenuation value of the reference value force of the output of the first receiving element 120 is divided by the reference value.
- the effect of the output correction described in the seventh embodiment can also be obtained.
- a small number of fire detectors can be provided.
- the first sound wave generating unit 100 and the second sound wave generating unit 110 may be configured by a plurality of ultrasonic wave generating elements having different output frequencies.
- an element that generates an ultrasonic wave by mechanical vibration such as a piezoelectric element, is used as each ultrasonic wave generating element, and each ultrasonic wave generating element is driven at the respective resonance frequency, whereby the first sound wave generating unit
- the S / N ratio can be improved by increasing the sound pressure of the ultrasonic waves generated by the forces of 100 and the second sound wave generator 110.
- the first receiver is provided so as to face each of the plurality of ultrasonic wave generating elements constituting the first sound wave generating unit 100. It is preferable that the wave receiving element 120 is disposed and the second wave receiving element 130 is disposed so as to face each of the plurality of ultrasonic wave generating elements constituting the second sound wave generating unit 110.
- the first receiving element 120 and the second receiving element 130 are each a piezoelectric element having a relatively large Q value of the resonance characteristics, and the first receiving element 120 and each second receiving element 130 are connected to each other. When used for receiving ultrasonic waves of the respective resonance frequencies, the sensitivity of the first receiving element 120 and the second receiving element 130 can be improved.
- the first sound wave generating unit 100 and the first wave receiving element 120, and the second sound wave generating unit 110 and the second wave receiving element 130 respectively.
- an ultrasonic wave generating element that can be used for both transmission and reception of ultrasonic waves such as a piezoelectric ultrasonic sensor may be used.
- a reflecting surface for reflecting the ultrasonic waves transmitted from each ultrasonic wave generating element toward the ultrasonic wave generating element it is possible to reduce the cost by reducing the number of elements. I'll do it.
- the correction coefficient may be calculated once every time a plurality of types of ultrasonic waves are transmitted from the first sound wave generation unit 100. For example, in an environment where the correction coefficient is less likely to fluctuate. It is preferable to reduce the power consumption by reducing the frequency of calculation (that is, updating) of the correction coefficient. In this case, it is not necessary to transmit a plurality of types of ultrasonic waves from the second sound wave generation unit 110, based on the amount of change in the initial value force of the output of the second receiving element 130 with respect to the ultrasonic waves of a specific frequency (for example, 82 kHz). What is necessary is just to calculate a correction coefficient.
- a specific frequency for example, 82 kHz
- the sound speed detection unit 43, the temperature estimation unit 44, and the temperature determination unit 45 are provided in the signal processing unit 4 to determine the fire. The accuracy can be further increased.
- the sound wave generator is composed of a first sound wave generator 100 and a second sound wave generator 110, and the sound wave receiver that receives the ultrasonic waves is the first receiver.
- Wave receiving element 120 and second receiving element 130, and first receiving element 120 and This is substantially the same as the smoke detector of the first embodiment except that the differential amplifying unit 9 that amplifies and outputs the difference in the output of the second receiving element 30 is provided. Accordingly, the same components as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted.
- the first sound wave generating unit 100 and the first receiving element 120 form a monitoring space on the surface of the circuit board 5 having a disk-like printed circuit board force.
- the second sound wave generation unit 110 and the second receiving element 130 are arranged opposite to each other via a reference space.
- the control unit 2, differential amplification unit 9, and signal processing unit 4 are provided on the circuit board 5.
- a cylindrical body 51 is disposed between the first sound wave generating unit 100 and the first receiving element 120
- a cylindrical body 52 is disposed between the second sound wave generating unit 110 and the second receiving element 130. It is.
- the cylinder 51 is provided with a plurality of holes 53 having a size through which suspended particles including smoke particles pass, and the monitoring space and the external space are communicated with each other through the holes 53.
- the cylindrical body 52 also functions as a blocking wall, and has at least a part of a filter (for example, a porous ceramic filter) in which a large number of micropores (not shown) having a size that prevents the passage of suspended particles are formed. ing.
- a filter for example, a porous ceramic filter
- the signal processing unit 4 has the same function as the signal processing unit 4 of the first embodiment except that it receives an output from a differential amplification unit 9 described later.
- control unit 2 is provided with a drive circuit that is driven by applying drive input waveforms to the first sound wave generation unit 100 and the second sound wave generation unit 110, and a control circuit that includes a microcomputer that controls the drive circuit. It consists of The control unit 2 includes the first sound wave generating unit 100 and the second sound wave generating unit 100 and the second sound wave generating unit 110 such that the ultrasonic waves transmitted by the first sound wave generating unit 100 and the second sound wave generating unit 110 have the same frequency and the same phase.
- the synchronization mode in which ultrasonic waves are transmitted from the generator 110 and the supersonic wave from only one of the first sound wave generator 100 and the second sound wave generator 110 There are two types of control modes, asynchronous mode for transmitting sound waves.
- the first sound wave generating unit 100 and the second sound wave generating unit 110 are driven under the same conditions (for example, the sound pressure of ultrasonic waves), and the first receiving element 120 and the second sound wave generating unit 110 are driven.
- the receiving element 130 is used under the same conditions (for example, DC bias voltage). Further, the positional relationship between the first sound wave generating unit 100 and the first wave receiving element 120 and the positional relationship between the second sound wave generating unit 110 and the second wave receiving element 130 are set to be the same.
- the control unit 2 controls the first sound wave generation unit 100 and the second sound wave generation unit 110 in the synchronous mode, the monitoring space where the suspended particles are not invaded into the monitoring space and the reference space are in the same state (for example, Temperature, humidity, and atmospheric pressure), the output of the first receiving element 120 and the output of the second receiving element 130 should be the same not only in frequency and phase but also in strength. It is.
- the differential amplifier 9 takes the difference between the outputs of the first receiving element 120 and the second receiving element 130, further amplifies the difference, and outputs the difference.
- the output of the differential amplifying unit 9 when the first sound wave generating unit 100 and the second sound wave generating unit 110 are controlled in the synchronous mode is hereinafter referred to as a differential output.
- the differential output is generated by the control unit 2 so that the outputs of the first receiving element 120 and the second receiving element 130 have the same frequency and the same phase. This corresponds to a difference in output between the first receiving element 120 and the second receiving element 130 when the 110 is controlled in synchronization.
- the differential output becomes zero. Therefore, in this embodiment, the initial value of the differential output is set to zero.
- the differential output is sent to the smoke density estimation unit 41 of the signal processing unit 4.
- the control unit 2 controls the first sound wave generation unit 100 and the second sound wave generation unit 110 in the synchronous mode.
- the smoke density is estimated based on the amount of change in the initial value (zero) force of the differential output, which is the output of the differential amplifying unit 9 when controlled.
- the attenuation of the output of the first receiving element 120 that receives the ultrasonic wave from the first sound wave generating unit 100 via the monitoring space increases substantially in proportion to the smoke concentration in the monitoring space, but the suspended particles
- the output of the second receiving element 130 that receives the ultrasonic wave from the second sound wave generating unit 110 through the reference space where the intrusion is blocked depends on the smoke concentration in the monitoring space. Therefore, the amount of change in the differential output corresponding to the difference between the outputs of the first receiving element 120 and the second receiving element 130 increases substantially in proportion to the smoke concentration in the monitoring space.
- the amount of change in the differential output is determined. Can be estimated. Note that the configuration for determining the presence or absence of a fire from the output of the smoke concentration estimation unit 41 and generating an alarm sound is the same as in the first embodiment, and is omitted.
- the sound velocity detection unit 43 receives the distance between the first sound wave generation unit 100 and the first wave receiving element 120 and the ultrasonic wave from the first sound wave generation unit 100 by the first wave receiving element 120.
- the speed of sound is obtained using the time difference until waved and.
- the sound velocity detection unit 43 controls the first sound wave generation unit 100 in the asynchronous mode so that the control unit 2 controls the first sound wave generation unit 100 in an asynchronous mode separately from the ultrasonic wave from the first sound wave generation unit 100 for estimating the smoke density.
- a sound wave may be periodically transmitted from the first sound wave generator 100, and the speed of sound may be obtained based on a time difference until the ultrasonic wave is received by the first wave receiving element 120.
- an ultrasonic wave may be transmitted from the second sound wave generation unit 110, and the sound speed may be obtained based on a time difference until the ultrasonic wave is received by the second wave receiving element 130.
- the temperature estimation unit 44 also estimates the temperature of the monitoring space using the well-known relational expression between the speed of sound in the atmosphere and the absolute temperature. Note that the configuration for determining the presence or absence of a fire from the output of the temperature estimation unit 44 and generating a warning sound is the same as in the first embodiment, and is omitted.
- the control unit 2 periodically transmits the ultrasonic waves from the first sound wave generation unit 100 and the second sound wave generation unit 110 by controlling the first sound wave generation unit 100 and the second sound wave generation unit 110 in the synchronous mode. .
- the output of the wave element 120 is the same, and the difference between the two is zero as shown in FIG. Accordingly, the differential output of FIG. 5D, which is the output of the differential amplifier 9 that amplifies the difference of FIG. 5C, is also zero (initial value).
- the smoke density estimator 41 estimates the smoke density in the monitoring space based on the amount of change from the initial value of the differential output, but the amount of change in the initial value force of the differential output is zero.
- the smoke concentration is less than the threshold, and the smoke concentration determination unit 42 determines that there is no fire.
- the smoke density estimator 41 determines that there is no fire.
- the smoke density estimator 41 estimates the smoke density in the monitoring space based on the amount of change from the initial value of the differential output, but the amount of change in the initial value force of the differential output is zero.
- the smoke concentration is less than the threshold, and the smoke concentration determination unit 42 determines that there is no fire.
- the smoke is present in the monitoring space (“smoke is present” in FIG. 5 (E))
- the output of the second receiving element 130 shown in FIG. 5 (A) does not change, but FIG.
- the output of the first receiving element 120 shown in B) is attenuated according to the smoke density in the monitoring space, and there is a difference between them as shown
- the differential output which is the output of the differential amplifying unit 9 that amplifies the difference of FIG. 5C, changes from zero (initial value) (FIG. 5D).
- the amount of change in the initial value force of the differential output at this time increases approximately in proportion to the smoke density in the monitoring space.
- the smoke density estimation unit 41 estimates the smoke density in the monitoring space based on the amount of change from the initial value of the differential output, and the smoke density determination unit 42 determines the smoke density estimated by the smoke density estimation unit 41. When the concentration is greater than or equal to the threshold, it is determined that there is a fire.
- the first sound wave generating unit 100 and the second sound wave generating unit 110 are driven under different conditions, and the first wave receiving element 120 and the second wave receiving element 130 are driven under different conditions. You may make it use in.
- the first sound wave generator 100 and the second sound wave are generated. Even if ultrasonic waves with the same frequency and the same phase are transmitted from the unit 110, the differential output does not become zero, but if the differential output at this time is the initial value, the change in the differential output from the initial value
- the smoke density of the monitoring space can be estimated based on the quantity.
- the differential amplifier 9 is provided, so that the differential which is not the output of the first receiving element 120 alone. Since the smoke density in the monitoring space is estimated based on the amount of change from the initial value of the output, the smoke density in the monitoring space must be accurately estimated without being affected by this change, even if the surrounding environment changes. As a result, the operational reliability of the fire detector can be further improved.
- the sound pressure of the ultrasonic wave transmitted from the first sound wave generator 100 changes according to changes in the surrounding environment (for example, changes in temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, etc.), and even if the smoke concentration is constant, the medium
- the first receiving element 120 regardless of the smoke density in the monitoring space due to the change in the attenuation factor of the ultrasonic wave when propagating through the air or the sensitivity of the first receiving element 120 changes.
- the output fluctuation equivalent to the output fluctuation of the first receiving element 120 at this time also occurs in the output of the second receiving element 130.
- the first receiving element 120 and the first receiving element 120 2 In the differential output corresponding to the difference in the output of the receiving element 130, the output fluctuation of the first receiving element 120 and the output fluctuation of the second receiving element 130 cancel each other, thereby ensuring the effect of the output fluctuation. Can be removed It is.
- the fire detector of the present embodiment is substantially the same except that the first receiving element 120 and the second receiving element 130 are composed of a single differential receiving element 200.
- a cylinder 51 that forms a monitoring space and a cylinder 52 that forms a reference space are stacked in the thickness direction of the circuit board 5.
- the monitoring space and the reference space are vertically adjacent to each other with the partition wall 55 therebetween.
- the partition wall 55 may be a common side wall of the cylinder 51 and the cylinder 52.
- the end surface opposite to the first sound wave generating unit 100 in the longitudinal direction of the cylinder 51 and the end surface opposite to the second sound wave generating unit 110 in the longitudinal direction of the cylinder 52 are closed.
- the differential receiving element 200 is disposed in the partition wall 55 that separates the monitoring space and the reference space described above.
- This differential wave receiving element 200 is formed with pressure receiving portions that receive sound pressure on each of a monitoring space side that is an internal space of the cylinder 51 and a reference space side that is an internal space of the cylinder 52. A difference in sound pressure received by the pressure receiving unit is detected.
- an amplifier that amplifies the output of the differential receiving element 200 is provided between the differential receiving element 200 and the signal processing unit 4.
- the control unit 2 controls the first sound wave generation unit 100 and the second sound wave generation unit 110 in the synchronous mode
- the output of the differential receiving element 200 amplified by the amplifier is output as a differential output.
- the first receiving element 120 and the second receiving element 130 are made a single differential receiving element 200 in this way, the outputs of the first receiving element 120 and the second receiving element 130 are output. Since the component corresponding to the difference between the first receiving element 120 and the second receiving element 130 can be obtained directly from the differential receiving element 200, the difference between the first receiving element 120 and the second receiving element 130 is obtained as described in the eleventh embodiment.
- the differential amplifier 9 is not necessary.
- the inner space of a single cylinder 50 is divided into a monitoring space and a reference space by a partition wall 55 provided at the center in the longitudinal direction. It may be divided.
- This cylindrical body 50 has a hole 53 that is formed in a size that allows airborne particles including smoke particles to pass through on the monitoring space side, and that communicates the inside and outside of the monitoring space.
- the sound wave generator 110 is disposed on both end faces of the cylinder 50 in the longitudinal direction.
- a portion of the cylindrical body 50 that forms the reference space also serves as a blocking wall, and at least a filter (for example, a porous ceramic filter) in which a large number of micropores (not shown) having a size that prevents suspended particles from passing through is formed.
- a filter for example, a porous ceramic filter
- micropores not shown
- This differential receiving element 200 has a fixed electrode and a movable electrode that are arranged opposite to each other, and the distance between the fixed electrode and the movable electrode changes according to the difference in sound pressure received by both pressure receiving portions. As a result, there is a capacitive microphone force that changes the capacitance between the electrodes.
- the differential wave receiving element 200 includes a pair of rectangular frames each having a window hole 211 that penetrates the silicon substrate in the thickness direction.
- Frame 210 a fixing plate 230 having a conductive material force sandwiched between the two frames 210, and a window hole 211 on the surface opposite to the fixing plate 230 of each frame 210.
- a pair of movable plates 220 also having a conductive material power.
- the fixed plate 230 has a fixed electrode 232 in the window hole 211, and each movable plate 220 has a movable electrode 222 at a position facing the fixed electrode 232.
- a flexible portion 223 is formed around the movable electrode 222 in the movable plate 220 to hold the movable electrode 222 in the thickness direction of the frame 210 so that the movable electrode 222 can vibrate.
- both movable electrodes 222 are connected to each other by a connecting piece 224 made of a conductive material through a through-hole 233 provided in the fixed electrode 232 and operate integrally.
- Each movable plate 220 is electrically connected to a pad 221 formed around the window hole 211
- the fixed plate 230 is a frame with respect to a pad 231 formed on one surface of one frame 210. They are electrically connected by through-hole wiring 234 formed in 210.
- the frame 210 has an insulating film at a contact portion between the fixed plate 230, the movable plate 220, the pads 221, 231 and the through-hole wiring 234.
- the movable plate 220 and the fixed plate 230 are each formed from a metal thin film, but may be formed from other materials! Further, the flexible portion 223 may have a corrugated structure, for example.
- both the movable electrodes 222 operate integrally, the capacitance between the fixed electrode 232 and both the movable electrodes 222 is received by the sound pressure received by one movable electrode 222 and the other movable electrode 222. It changes according to the difference with sound pressure. Therefore, if a DC bias voltage is applied between the pad 231 electrically connected to the fixed electrode 232 and the pad 221 electrically connected to each movable electrode 222, an ultrasonic sound is generated between the pads. Since a minute voltage change occurs according to the pressure, the sound pressure of the ultrasonic wave can be converted into an electric signal.
- the pads 221 are electrically connected via the connecting piece 224, the DC bias voltage may be applied between one of the pads 221 and the pad 231.
- the movable piece 222 is electrically separated by forming the connecting piece 224 from an insulating material, and the change in electrostatic capacitance between the fixed electrode 232 and one of the movable electrodes 222 is reduced. You may make it measure.
- the differential receiving element 200 configured as described above has one movable plate 220 facing the monitoring space and the other movable plate 220 serving as the reference space with respect to the partition wall 55 that separates the monitoring space and the reference space.
- the difference between the sound pressure of the ultrasonic wave received from the first sound wave generation unit 100 in the monitoring space and the sound pressure of the ultrasonic wave received from the second sound wave generation unit 110 in the reference space Is output.
- the differential receiving element 200 has an advantage that it has a flat frequency characteristic and a period during which reverberation components are generated in the output is short.
- the signal processing unit 4 of the present embodiment is different from the signal processing unit 4 in a state where the control unit 2 controls the second sound wave generation unit 110 in the asynchronous mode and only the second sound wave generation unit 110 transmits the force ultrasonic waves.
- An output correction unit (not shown) that measures the output of the dynamic receiving element 200 and corrects the differential output based on the amount of change in the initial value force of the output of the differential receiving element 200 is provided. That is, the output correction unit holds a correction coefficient based on the rate of change from the initial value of the output of the differential receiving element 200, and the differential output corrected using this correction coefficient is used as the smoke density estimation unit 41. Output to.
- the initial value of the output of the differential receiving element 200 changes over time in the fire detector (for example, This is the output value of the differential wave receiving element 200 detected when there is no deterioration over time (for example, before the manufacturing process or before shipment), and is preliminarily held in the output correction unit.
- the initial value of the output of the differential receiving element 200 may be set on a program.
- the control unit 2 and the signal processing unit 4 generate the second sound wave every time before driving the first sound wave generating unit 100 and the second sound wave generating unit 110 to detect the smoke density in the monitoring space.
- the unit 110 is driven to measure the output of the differential wave receiving element 200 to calculate the correction coefficient. Therefore, the correction coefficient is updated each time the smoke density is detected in the monitoring space.
- the rate of change from the initial value of the output of the differential wave receiving element 200 is the time-dependent change of the first sound wave generating unit 100, the second sound wave generating unit 110, and the differential wave receiving element 200 (for example, If the differential output is corrected using a correction coefficient based on this rate of change, a differential output that is free from the effects of changes over time can be obtained, resulting in smoke in the surveillance space. Concentration estimation accuracy is improved.
- the second sound wave generator 110 is driven in an asynchronous mode to obtain an initial value of the output (reference value) of the differential receiving element 200, and the initial value is output to the output correction unit.
- Step Sl After the fire detector is installed at a desired location, the second sound wave generator 110 is driven in the asynchronous mode before the first sound wave generator 100 and the second sound wave generator 110 are driven in the synchronous mode.
- the output of the differential receiving element 200 is measured, and the correction coefficient is calculated based on the rate of change of the initial value force of the output of the differential receiving element 200 (step S2).
- step S3 the smoke density estimation unit 41 estimates the smoke density in the monitoring space, and the smoke density determination unit 42 determines whether there is a fire (step S4).
- step S4 the process returns to step S2 for calculating the correction coefficient, and the operations of steps S2 to S4 described above are periodically repeated.
- the second sound wave generator 110 transmits a force ultrasonic wave.
- the difference between the output of the differential type receiving element 200 (reference value) is Pref
- the initial value of the output of the differential type receiving element 200 is PrefO
- the ultrasonic wave is transmitted only from the first sound wave generator 100.
- a configuration in which the correction coefficient is calculated once every time the smoke density of the monitoring space is estimated a plurality of times may be employed.
- the fire detector of the present embodiment since the first receiving element 120 and the second receiving element 130 are the single differential receiving element 200, the noise included in the differential output. Can be reduced, and the S / N ratio is improved.
- the first sound wave generating unit 100, the second sound wave generating unit 110, and the differential receiving element 200 can be changed with time (for example, aging degradation). The fluctuation of the corresponding differential output can be eliminated, and the long-term operational reliability of smoke detection becomes high.
- the fire detector according to the present embodiment includes a first sound wave generating unit 100 and a second sound wave generating unit 110, and a sound wave receiving unit that receives ultrasonic waves.
- the smoke detector of the second embodiment except that the signal processing unit 4 includes a differential amplification unit 9 described later. are the same. Therefore, the same components as those in the second embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted.
- the control unit 2 causes the first sound wave generation unit 100 to sequentially transmit plural types of ultrasonic waves having different frequencies from the first sound wave generation unit 100 and the second sound wave generation unit 110, respectively.
- 100 and second sound wave generator 110 are controlled in a synchronous mode.
- the storage unit 48 of the signal processing unit 4 includes at least the output frequency of the first sound wave generation unit 100 according to the output of the second receiving element 130, the type of smoke particles present in the monitoring space, and the smoke particle concentration.
- Relative unit of output Data on the relationship with the rate of change (corresponding to the relative unit attenuation rate of the output of the first receiving element 120) and the unit rate of change of the differential output at a specific frequency (for example, 82kHz) with respect to smoke particles are stored.
- the particle determination unit 46 uses the differential output for each ultrasonic wave of each frequency transmitted from the first sound wave generation unit 100 to the actual monitoring space and the relational data stored in the storage unit 48 to the monitoring space. Estimate the type of smoke particles present. Further, the smoke concentration estimation unit 41, based on the amount of change in the initial value force of the differential output with respect to the ultrasonic wave of the specific frequency, when the estimated smoke particles are smoke particles that are to be monitored in advance. Estimate smoke concentration in the surveillance space. The smoke density determination unit 42 compares the smoke density estimated by the smoke density estimation unit 41 with a predetermined threshold value to determine whether there is a fire. Note that a plurality of frequencies may be targeted as the specific frequency, and an average value of smoke density estimated for each specific frequency may be obtained. In this case, the accuracy of smoke density estimation is further improved.
- the relational data stored in the storage unit 48 may be data indicating the relation between the output frequency of the first sound wave generation unit 100 and the amount of change in the initial value force of the differential output.
- the change rate for example, the change rate from the initial value of the differential output, the change rate obtained by dividing the change amount from the initial value of the differential output by the output of the second receiving element 130, or Even relational data that adopts unit change rate! /.
- the sound speed detection unit 43, the temperature estimation unit 44, and the temperature determination unit 45 are provided in the signal processing unit 4 to determine the fire.
- the accuracy can be further increased.
- the effects obtained by providing the differential amplifying unit 9 described in the eleventh embodiment can also be obtained. Therefore, it is possible to provide a fire detector that has excellent responsiveness and few false alarms.
- the fire detector of the present embodiment has a first sound wave generation unit 100 and a second sound wave generation unit 110 as ultrasonic wave generation units, and the wave receiving element 3 is a first sound wave generation unit. Except for receiving a sparse wave (beat wave) having a frequency (fixed frequency) corresponding to the frequency difference between the ultrasonic waves oscillated from 100 and the second sound wave generator 110. It is the same as the form. Therefore, the same components as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals. Therefore, a duplicate description is omitted.
- Each of the first sound wave generation unit 100 and the second sound wave generation unit 110 can use the same ultrasonic wave generation element as that of the first embodiment, and the wave receiving element 3 is the same as that of the first embodiment. Capacitive microphones can be used.
- the control unit 2 that controls the first sound wave generation unit 100 and the second sound wave generation unit 110 is provided with a drive circuit that is driven by giving drive input waveforms to the first sound wave generation unit 100 and the second sound wave generation unit 110. And a control circuit that is a microcomputer that controls the drive circuit.
- the signal processing unit 4 includes a smoke density estimation unit 41, a smoke density determination unit 42, a sound velocity detection unit 43, a temperature estimation unit 44, and a temperature determination unit 45.
- the first sound wave generation unit 100 transmits a first frequency ultrasonic wave (hereinafter referred to as the first ultrasonic wave) and generates a second sound wave.
- unit 110 is controlled by control unit 2 so as to transmit an ultrasonic wave having a second frequency higher than the first frequency (hereinafter referred to as a second ultrasonic wave).
- Both the first sound wave generating unit 100 and the second sound wave generating unit 110 are arranged in parallel on the same surface so as to face the wave receiving element 3.
- the second frequency is set higher than the first frequency by a predetermined fixed frequency
- the fixed frequency is set at least lower than the first frequency.
- control unit 2 controls the first sound wave generation unit 100 and the second sound wave generation unit 110 so that ultrasonic waves are simultaneously transmitted to the monitoring space. Control.
- the transmitted ultrasonic waves interfere with each other due to the nonlinearity of the medium (air) in the monitoring space, the forces of the first sound wave generator 100 and the second sound wave generator 110 appear as shown in FIG.
- a beat wave which is a dense wave having a frequency (fixed frequency) corresponding to the difference between the frequencies of the two ultrasonic waves, is generated.
- “Wl” in FIG. 51 (A) and “W2” in FIG. 51 (B) represent the first and second ultrasonic waves, respectively
- “W3” in FIG. 51 (C) represents the beat wave. Represents.
- the wave receiving element 3 an element having sufficient sensitivity with respect to the above-described fixed frequency dense wave is adopted, and the wave receiving element 3 includes the first sound wave generating unit 100 and the second sound wave.
- Each force of the generator 11 0 Beat wave sound that does not detect the sound pressure of the transmitted ultrasonic wave itself Detect pressure. Therefore, according to the configuration of the present embodiment, the first sound wave generation unit 100 and the second sound wave generation unit 110) force the first frequency and the second frequency of the ultrasonic wave oscillated while being set relatively high.
- the beat wave frequency (that is, the fixed frequency) received by the wave receiving element can be set low.
- the frequency of the first ultrasonic wave from the first sound wave generator 100 is Set to 200 kHz, and set the frequency of the second ultrasonic wave from the second sound wave generator 110 to 220 kHz.
- the control unit 2 controls the first sound wave generation unit 100 and the second sound wave generation unit 110 so that, for example, ultrasonic waves of about 100 cycles are continuously transmitted.
- the sonic velocity detection unit 43 of the signal processing unit 4 periodically transmits a sparse wave having a predetermined frequency separately from the ultrasonic wave used for estimating the smoke density, and the sparse wave is received. You may determine the speed of sound based on the time difference until it is received by element 3, and you may determine the speed of sound using ultrasonic waves that are transmitted to estimate the smoke concentration. ,.
- the configuration for estimating the temperature of the monitoring space from the obtained sound velocity and determining the presence or absence of a fire based on the estimated temperature is the same as in the first embodiment, and is omitted.
- the receiving element 3 receives a beat wave having a low frequency.
- sound pressure can be detected with sufficient sensitivity.
- the frequency of the ultrasonic waves transmitted from the first sound wave generating unit 100 and the second sound wave generating unit 110 is high, the output attenuation amount of the wave receiving element 3 due to the smoke particles in the monitoring space becomes relatively large. This also has the effect of improving the SN ratio.
- the fire detector of the present embodiment has a cylindrical body 50 in which the inner space is used as a sound wave propagation path and the sound wave diffusion range is narrowed. It is substantially the same as the fourteenth embodiment except that it is disposed between the sound wave generator 100 and the second sound wave generator 110 and the wave receiving element 3. Therefore, the same components as those in the fourteenth embodiment and the embodiments cited in the fourteenth embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted.
- a cylindrical body 50 shown in FIG. 52 (A) is a straight tubular rectangular tube, and the first sound wave generating unit 100 and the second sound wave generating unit 110 are arranged on one end surface in the longitudinal direction.
- a wave receiving element 3 is arranged on the other end surface.
- the cylindrical body 50 has a specific resonance frequency, like an acoustic tube whose both end faces in the longitudinal direction are closed.
- the longitudinal dimension of the cylinder 50 is L
- the frequency f (wave propagation velocity) corresponding to the wavelength satisfying the relationship L (n / 2)
- the control unit 2 causes the first sound wave generation unit 100 and the second sound wave generation unit 110 to transmit ultrasonic waves having a resonance frequency unique to the cylindrical body 50.
- resonance can be generated in the cylindrical body 50 to increase the sound pressure of the ultrasonic waves.
- the control unit 2 controls the first sound wave generation unit 100 and the second sound wave generation unit 110.
- the receiving element 3 detects the sound pressure of the beat wave at the timing when resonance occurs in the cylindrical body 50 and the sound pressure of the ultrasonic wave is saturated. Normally, since the sound pressure of the ultrasonic wave is saturated when the transmission of the ultrasonic wave from the sound source unit 1 is completed, as an example, the first sound wave generating unit 100 and the second sound wave generating unit 110 are used. It is only necessary to detect the sound pressure of the beat wave at the receiving element 3 at the same time as the transmission of the powerful ultrasonic wave is completed.
- the first sound wave generating unit 100 and the second sound wave generating unit 110 are arranged on each end face in the longitudinal direction of the cylindrical body 50, and the longitudinal direction of the cylindrical body 50 is
- the wave receiving element 3 may be arranged at the center of the side surface along the direction.
- the fire detector of the present embodiment the effect similar to that described in the fourteenth embodiment is obtained, and the first sound wave generating unit 100, the second sound wave generating unit 110, and the wave receiving element 3 are not affected.
- the cylindrical body 50 in the ultrasonic wave propagation path in the meantime, the diffusion of the ultrasonic wave is suppressed and the decrease of the sound pressure can be prevented.
- the ultrasonic sound pressure is increased by causing resonance in the cylinder 50, the SN ratio is further improved.
- the effective transmission distance is extended according to the number of reflections, and the ultrasonic waves substantially extend in the longitudinal direction of the cylinder 50.
- the receiving element 3 After a transmission distance several times the dimension L. As a result, the amount of attenuation of the ultrasonic wave increases several times as compared with the case where the non-resonant single-pulse ultrasonic wave is received by the wave receiving element 3, and greatly contributes to improvement in detection sensitivity.
- the fire detector of the present embodiment is substantially the same as the fifteenth embodiment except that the positional relationship among the first sound wave generator 100, the second sound wave generator 110, and the wave receiving element 3 is different. Accordingly, the same components as those in the fifteenth embodiment and the embodiments cited in the fifteenth embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted.
- one end in the longitudinal direction is opened as an ultrasonic radiation end, and the other end is connected to the first sound wave generator 100.
- a cylindrical body 52 having one end opened as an ultrasonic radiation end and the other end connected to the second sound wave generation unit 110 is used.
- Both cylinders (51, 52) have their radiating ends facing the receiving element 3, and the ultrasonic waves radiated from both radiating ends are in front of the receiving element 3 (between the receiving element 3 and the radiating end). They are arranged in a V shape so that they cross each other and interfere with the nonlinearity of the medium (air) to generate beat waves.
- each cylindrical body (51, 52) has a specific resonance frequency in the same manner as the acoustic tube whose one end face in the longitudinal direction is closed.
- the control unit 2 controls the first sound wave generating unit 100 and the second sound wave generating unit 110 so as to transmit a continuous wave of ultrasonic waves having an m (> LZ) period.
- the unit 2 controls the first sound wave generator 100 and the second sound wave generator 110.
- a node of ultrasonic sound pressure that is, an antinode of air moving speed
- AL open end correction
- the control unit 2 generates the first sound wave generation unit 100 and the second sound wave so as to transmit ultrasonic waves having continuous m (> LZ) periods (for example, ultrasonic waves of about 100 periods).
- the beat wave is generated outside the cylindrical body (51, 52). Even when the frequency of the beat wave received by the child 3 is low, the beat wave will not be attenuated due to the viscous resistance of the circumferential surface of the cylinder. In other words, when the cross-sectional area (tube diameter) of the cylinder (51, 52) is small, the sound pressure of dense waves below a certain frequency passing through the cylinder decreases due to the viscous resistance of the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder. There is a fear. However, in the configuration of the present embodiment, since the ultrasonic waves passing through the cylinders (51, 52) have a high frequency, the above-described problems can be avoided, and the force also causes resonance to generate ultrasonic waves. Since the sound pressure increases, the SN ratio improves as the amount of change in the output of the wave receiving element 3 with respect to the change in smoke concentration increases.
- the ultrasonic wave transmitted from the second sound wave generator 110 may be caused to interfere with each other before the wave receiving element 3.
- the first sound wave generation unit 100 and the second sound wave generation are performed so that the second sound wave generation unit 110 emits ultrasonic waves from the side toward the radiation end of the cylindrical body 51 and the receiving element 3.
- the part 110, the cylindrical body 51, and the wave receiving element 3 are arranged.
- the frequency from the first sound wave generation unit 100 can be set.
- a fixed frequency corresponding to the frequency difference from the ultrasonic wave can be set freely. That is, the frequency of the beat wave can be matched with the frequency at which the receiving sensitivity of the receiving element 3 is the highest.
- the relationship between the first sound wave generator 100 and the second sound wave generator 110 in the configuration of FIG. 53 (B) may be reversed.
- the fire detector of the present embodiment has a first sound wave generating unit 100 and a second sound wave generating unit 110 as ultrasonic wave generating units, and the wave receiving element 3 is a first sound wave generating unit.
- the second embodiment is substantially the same except that it receives a sparse wave (beat wave) having a frequency (fixed frequency) corresponding to the frequency difference between the ultrasonic waves oscillated from the 100 and the second sound wave generator 110. Is the same. Therefore, the same components as those in the second embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted.
- Each of the first sound wave generator 100 and the second sound wave generator 110 used in the present embodiment can use the same ultrasonic wave generator as in the first embodiment.
- a capacitive microphone similar to that of the first embodiment can be employed.
- the control unit 2 sequentially changes the frequency of the drive input waveform applied to the first sound wave generation unit 100 and the second sound wave generation unit 110, so that the first sound wave generation unit 100 and the second sound wave generation unit 110 A plurality of types of ultrasonic waves having different frequencies are sequentially transmitted.
- the control unit 2 changes the frequency of the ultrasonic wave from the first sound wave generating unit 100 over a predetermined frequency range (for example, 20 kHz to 82 kHz).
- the second sound wave generation unit 110 transmits the ultrasonic wave over a frequency range (for example, 32 kHz to 94 kHz) higher than the ultrasonic wave from the first sound wave generation unit 100 by a fixed frequency (for example, 12 kHz).
- the frequency of the ultrasonic wave from the second sound wave generator 110 is always higher than the frequency of the ultrasonic wave from the first sound wave generator 100 by a fixed frequency.
- a plurality of combinations of the first ultrasonic wave from the first sound wave generating unit 100 and the second ultrasonic wave having a frequency higher than the frequency of the first ultrasonic wave from the second sound wave generating unit 110 by a fixed frequency are provided to the surveillance space sequentially
- the signal processing unit 4 has the same configuration as the signal processing unit 4 of the second embodiment.
- the signal processing unit 4 includes a smoke particle determination unit 46, a smoke concentration estimation unit 41, and a smoke concentration determination unit 42, and is realized by installing an appropriate program in a microcomputer.
- the processing in the signal processing unit 4 is performed on the output of the receiving element 3 that has received the sparse / dense wave. And is the same as the second embodiment.
- the fire determination is performed based on the type and smoke concentration of the smoke particles present in the monitoring space.
- Operation A fire detector with high reliability can be provided.
- the attenuation factor of the ultrasonic waves due to the smoke particles existing in the monitoring space is improved, and the receiving element 3
- the receiving element 3 receives a sparse wave (beat wave) of a frequency (fixed frequency) corresponding to the frequency difference between these supersonic waves, even a general receiving element can detect sound pressure with sufficient sensitivity, As a result, there is an advantage that the SN ratio is improved.
- the fire detector has been described in detail as a preferred embodiment of the smoke detector of the present invention.
- a fire detector it is based on the amount of decrease (attenuation) in the output of the ultrasonic receiver caused by the increase in smoke particles in the surveillance space!
- the use of the vessel is not limited to this.
- the smoke concentration in the monitoring space is estimated based on the difference between the measurement output of the wave receiving element that has received the ultrasonic wave from the sound wave transmitting unit via the monitoring space and the reference value, Since the estimated smoke concentration is compared with a predetermined threshold to determine whether the monitoring space is abnormal, it is easy to diffuse smoke particles in the monitoring space where it is not necessary to provide the necessary labyrinth for the scattered light smoke detector. Responsiveness is improved compared to the optical smoke detector. In addition, since the influence of background light, which is a problem with dimming smoke detectors, can be eliminated, false alarms can be reduced and smoke detector reliability can be increased.
- the sonic smoke detector of the present invention can solve the problems in the optical smoke detector, so that it can be used in a powerful place where the smoke detector has not been arranged so far. A wide range of applications including fire detectors is expected.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
- Fire Alarms (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2007800172608A CN101449304B (zh) | 2006-05-12 | 2007-05-01 | 声波式烟传感器 |
| EP07742748A EP2034462A4 (en) | 2006-05-12 | 2007-05-01 | SMOKE SENSOR OF SOUND WAVE TYPE |
| US12/300,332 US8253578B2 (en) | 2006-05-12 | 2007-05-01 | Smoke sensor of the sound wave type including a smoke density estimation unit |
| JP2008515484A JP4826631B2 (ja) | 2006-05-12 | 2007-05-01 | 音波式煙感知器 |
Applications Claiming Priority (14)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006-134289 | 2006-05-12 | ||
| JP2006134289 | 2006-05-12 | ||
| JP2007069090A JP4950709B2 (ja) | 2007-03-16 | 2007-03-16 | 火災感知器 |
| JP2007-069089 | 2007-03-16 | ||
| JP2007-069090 | 2007-03-16 | ||
| JP2007069089A JP4816524B2 (ja) | 2007-03-16 | 2007-03-16 | 火災感知器 |
| JP2007069088 | 2007-03-16 | ||
| JP2007069091A JP4816525B2 (ja) | 2007-03-16 | 2007-03-16 | 火災感知器 |
| JP2007-069091 | 2007-03-16 | ||
| JP2007-069088 | 2007-03-16 | ||
| JP2007069087A JP4893397B2 (ja) | 2006-05-12 | 2007-03-16 | 火災感知器 |
| JP2007-069087 | 2007-03-16 | ||
| JP2007069092A JP4816526B2 (ja) | 2007-03-16 | 2007-03-16 | 火災感知器 |
| JP2007-069092 | 2007-03-16 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2007132671A1 true WO2007132671A1 (ja) | 2007-11-22 |
Family
ID=38693770
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2007/059313 Ceased WO2007132671A1 (ja) | 2006-05-12 | 2007-05-01 | 音波式煙感知器 |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US8253578B2 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP2034462A4 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN101449304B (ja) |
| TW (1) | TWI332643B (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2007132671A1 (ja) |
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Cited By (19)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2011508207A (ja) * | 2007-12-20 | 2011-03-10 | ゼネラル・エレクトリック・カンパニイ | 懸濁液中のバイオマテリアルの1以上の特性を測定するデバイス、方法及びシステム |
| JP2011508208A (ja) * | 2007-12-20 | 2011-03-10 | ゼネラル・エレクトリック・カンパニイ | 懸濁液の1以上の特性を測定するデバイス、方法及びシステム |
| JP2010008158A (ja) * | 2008-06-25 | 2010-01-14 | Panasonic Electric Works Co Ltd | 浮遊粒子測定システム |
| EP2144211A3 (en) * | 2008-07-09 | 2012-11-14 | Honeywell International Inc. | Multi-sensor detectors |
| JP2019184419A (ja) * | 2018-04-10 | 2019-10-24 | Tianma Japan株式会社 | 気体センサ及び気体検出方法 |
| JP7179478B2 (ja) | 2018-04-10 | 2022-11-29 | Tianma Japan株式会社 | 気体センサ及び気体検出方法 |
| JP2020161072A (ja) * | 2019-03-28 | 2020-10-01 | ホーチキ株式会社 | 火災監視システム |
| JP7408290B2 (ja) | 2019-03-28 | 2024-01-05 | ホーチキ株式会社 | 火災監視システム |
| JP2022541172A (ja) * | 2019-07-19 | 2022-09-22 | アイキューイー ピーエルシー | 調整可能な誘電率及び調整可能な熱伝導率を有する半導体材料 |
| US11692819B2 (en) | 2019-10-23 | 2023-07-04 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Acoustic sensor having waveguide and inspection device |
| JP7249924B2 (ja) | 2019-10-23 | 2023-03-31 | 株式会社東芝 | センサ及び検査装置 |
| JP2021067543A (ja) * | 2019-10-23 | 2021-04-30 | 株式会社東芝 | センサ及び検査装置 |
| KR102314120B1 (ko) * | 2019-10-30 | 2021-10-18 | 주식회사 에스원 | 침입감지 시스템 및 방법. |
| KR20210052721A (ko) * | 2019-10-30 | 2021-05-11 | 주식회사 에스원 | 침입감지 시스템 및 방법. |
| US11726066B2 (en) | 2020-09-03 | 2023-08-15 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Inspection device and inspection method |
| JP2024518648A (ja) * | 2021-06-16 | 2024-05-01 | ファン キム、チェ | 3次元アコースティックウェブを用いた空間監視装置及び方法 |
| JP7777151B2 (ja) | 2021-06-16 | 2025-11-27 | ファン キム、チェ | 3次元アコースティックウェブを用いた空間監視装置及び方法 |
| KR102702036B1 (ko) * | 2023-12-07 | 2024-09-05 | 대한민국 | 화재 상황에서 통신감도 시험장치 |
| CN120673536A (zh) * | 2025-07-25 | 2025-09-19 | 广州市平可捷信息科技有限公司 | 一种基于物联网的智慧消防烟气感应报警方法及系统 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| TW200802196A (en) | 2008-01-01 |
| US20090184830A1 (en) | 2009-07-23 |
| CN101449304A (zh) | 2009-06-03 |
| EP2034462A1 (en) | 2009-03-11 |
| EP2034462A4 (en) | 2011-05-18 |
| US8253578B2 (en) | 2012-08-28 |
| TWI332643B (en) | 2010-11-01 |
| CN101449304B (zh) | 2011-05-11 |
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