WO2007146208A1 - Aimant pour machine dynamo-électrique, machine dynamo-électrique et procédé associé - Google Patents

Aimant pour machine dynamo-électrique, machine dynamo-électrique et procédé associé Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007146208A1
WO2007146208A1 PCT/US2007/013652 US2007013652W WO2007146208A1 WO 2007146208 A1 WO2007146208 A1 WO 2007146208A1 US 2007013652 W US2007013652 W US 2007013652W WO 2007146208 A1 WO2007146208 A1 WO 2007146208A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
coercivity
dynamoelectric machine
magnet
portions
magnetic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2007/013652
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
David Fulton
William Cai
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Remy International Inc
Original Assignee
Remy International Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Remy International Inc filed Critical Remy International Inc
Priority to DE112007001339T priority Critical patent/DE112007001339T5/de
Publication of WO2007146208A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007146208A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K15/00—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K15/02—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines of stator or rotor bodies
    • H02K15/03—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines of stator or rotor bodies having permanent magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
    • H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
    • H02K1/278—Surface mounted magnets; Inset magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/17—Stator cores with permanent magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
    • H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
    • H02K1/276—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM]
    • H02K1/2766—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM] having a flux concentration effect

Definitions

  • Dyanmoelectric machines often use permanent magnets in conversion of mechanical energy to electrical energy and vice versa.
  • Several parameters regarding the permanent magnets are specified to optimize the performance of the machine such as: shape, size, material and positional locations within the dynamoelectric machine.
  • the material from which a permanent magnet is fabricated is a primary factor in determining flux density.
  • the performance of a permanent magnet is evaluated in engineering applications by using its maximum energy product, which is the product of flux density (B) and magnetic field strength (H), that is, (BH)max-
  • B flux density
  • H magnetic field strength
  • a permanent magnet with a higher (BH) max improves the performance of a dynamoelectric machine.
  • magnet materials with high remanence (Br) typically are more susceptible to unrecoverable demagnetization than magnet materials with a low remanence. This is because higher remanence causes a lower coercive force (Hc).
  • Unrecoverable demagnetization occurs when an operation point defined by a flux density (B) and a magnetic field strength (H) in the magnetized direction is below the knee point on the demagnetization curve of the permanent magnet.
  • Demagnetization occurs when a permanent magnet experiences a magnetic field in a direction that is opposite to that in which the magnet is initially magnetized. Because in a dynamoelectric machine there are electromagnetic fields generated during operation of the machine, and which in some instances subject permanent magnets to reverse polarity fields, unrecoverable demagnetization can be problematic for machine longevity.
  • Coercivity also known by the symbol H 0 , is a measure of the reverse field needed to drive the magnetization of the magnet to zero. The coercivity of a magnet is primarily a function of the material from which the magnet is produced.
  • the properties of coercivity and remanence are inversely proportional to one another such that an increase in remanence is accompanied by a drop in coercivity for a permanent magnet with a given (BH), ⁇ . While it is possible to obtain both high remanence and coercivity, the materials required to do so are more expensive than materials that have a moderate to low value of either coercivity or remanence. Designers of dynamoelectric machines must therefore balance coercivity, remanence and cost when specifying permanent magnets for a machine.
  • an apparatus that relates to a magnet member for a dynamoelectric machine comprising, a first portion of the magnet member made of a first magnetic material and a second portion of the magnet member made of a second magnetic material. Further disclosed herein is an apparatus that relates to a dynamoelectric machine member with at least one magnet member wherein, the at least one magnet member comprises a plurality of magnetic materials having different values of coercivity from one another.
  • a method that relates to increasing performance of an electric machine comprising, determining locations of high demagnetization fields at the dynamoelectric machine, and positioning a magnetic member having a first portion having a higher level of coercivity and a second portion having a lower level of coercivity in the machine such that the portion having a higher level of coercivity is more proximate the location of high demagnetization fields than the portion having the lower level of coercivity.
  • a method that relates to tailoring flux distribution in a dynamoelectric machine comprising, creating a magnet member having a first portion having a first level of coercivity and a second portion having a second level of coercivity, and positioning the magnetic member to achieve a desired flux distribution.
  • FIG. 1 depicts a partial cross sectional view of a rotor disclosed herein;
  • FIG. 2 depicts a partial cross sectional view of another rotor disclosed herein;
  • FIG. 3 depicts a partial cross sectional view of another rotor disclosed herein;
  • FIG. 4 depicts a cross sectional view of a direct current motor disclosed herein;
  • FIG. 5 depicts a cross sectional view of another rotor disclosed herein.
  • FIG. 6 depicts a partial cross sectional view of another rotor disclosed herein.
  • machine member 10 and other similar members are illustrated herein as rotors, they may equally exist as stators, motor casings, etc. without departing from the scope of the invention.
  • the magnetic properties of remanence and coercivity are important to the overall performance of the machine.
  • Other factors affecting performance are the shape of magnet members 18 and the position of the magnet members 18 within the machine.
  • the shape and position of the magnet members 18 also affects their susceptibility to magnetic fields that may be in an opposite direction to the permanent magnetic field of the magnetic members 18.
  • Such an oppositely directed field sometimes referred to as a reverse magnetic field, and as noted above, will have an effect of demagnetizing the magnetic members 18 if the reverse magnetic field is of adequate strength.
  • the demagnetizing effect is stronger on certain areas of the members 18 than on other areas.
  • the corners 22, ends 26 and surfaces 30 of the magnet members 18 are often more susceptible to demagnetization fields than other portions of the magnet members 18. Consequently, some demagnetization sometimes occurs in these areas resulting in a lower overall remanence of the magnet members 18. Such a drop in the remanence of the magnet member 18, as discussed above, results in a drop in the overall performance of the dynamoelectric machine.
  • FIG. 1 An embodiment of the present invention depicted in FIG. 1 shows the magnet members 18 divided into two portions.
  • a first portion 34 extends from the surface 30 of the magnet member 18 through a partial thickness of the magnet member 18 to a depth delineated herein by borderline 36.
  • a second portion 38 comprises the balance of the magnet member 18 that is not part of the first portion 34.
  • the first portion 34 may be fabricated from a first magnetic material that has a higher coercivity than a material used to fabricate the second portion 38.
  • the second portion 38 may be constructed from a magnetic material that has a higher remanence than the material used to fabricate the first portion 34.
  • Such a construction of a magnet member 18 permits the magnet member 18 to have a higher resistance to demagnetization at the first portion 34 than at the second portion 38. Similarly, the construction permits the second portion 38 to have a higher magnetic flux density resulting from the higher remanence level thereof. Tailoring portions of magnet members for a variety of dynamoelectric machines may be performed, in a manner similar to the foregoing description, to optimize the coercivity of magnet members while maintaining high levels of remanence at economical cost levels.
  • Magnet members 118 are positioned within a cavity 114 of the dynamoelectric machine member 110 shown herein as a rotor.
  • the magnet members 118 are divided into first portions 134 and second portions 138 separated by borderlines 136.
  • the first portions 134 may be constructed of magnetic material with a higher coercivity than the material of the second portions 138, while the second portions 138 may be constructed of magnetic material with a higher remanence than the material of the first portions 134. Consequently, magnet members 118 have a higher resistance to demagnetization of the first portions 134 than of the second portions 138.
  • FIG. 3 a magnet member 218, of a surface-mounted permanent magnet machine, with an arcuate shape is depicted.
  • the magnet member 218 forms a circumferential portion of a dynamoelectric machine member 210 shown here as a rotor, which is surrounded by a stator 240 with an air-gap 244 therebetween.
  • the magnet members 218 are divided into first portions 234 and second portions 238 separated by borderlines 236.
  • the first portions 234 may be constructed of magnetic material with a higher coercivity than the material of the second portions 238, while the second portions 238 may be constructed of magnetic material with a higher remanence than the material of the first portions 234. Consequently, the magnet members 218 have a higher resistance to demagnetization of the first portions 234 than of the second portions 238.
  • FIG. 4 another embodiment of the invention depicts a dynamoelectric machine 310 that is a direct current (DC) motor.
  • a dynamoelectric machine member 324 shown here as a motor casing, surrounds four arc shaped magnet members 318.
  • An armature 340 is located concentrically within the magnet members 318 with a radial air- gap 344 formed therebetween.
  • the magnet members 318 are divided into first portions 334 and second portions 338 separated by borderlines 336.
  • the first portions 334 may be constructed of magnetic material with a higher coercivity than the material of the second portions 338, while the second portions 338 may be constructed of magnetic material with a higher remanence than the material of the first portions 334. Consequently, the magnet members 318 have a higher resistance to demagnetization of the first portions 334 than of the second portions 338.
  • the magnet members 18, 118, 218, 318 of Figures 1-4 have the first portions 34, 134, 234, 334 separated from the second portions 38, 138, 238, 338 by borderlines 36, 136, 236, 336.
  • the construction of the first portions 34, 134, 234, 334 and the second portions 38, 138, 238, 338 determines the form that the borderlines 36, 136, 236, 336 take.
  • the borderlines 36, 136, 236, 336 may simply be the butting together of surfaces of the two contacting portions held in contact by forces normal to the surfaces.
  • Such normal forces may be created by, for example, the dynamoelectric machine member 10, 110, 210, 324 to which the magnet members 18, 118, 218, 318 are attached.
  • the portions may be held together by adhesive at the borderlines 36, 136, 236, 336.
  • the first portions 34, 134, 234, 334 and the second portions 38, 138, 238, 338 may be integrally formed as the magnet members 18, 118, 218, 318 are fabricated.
  • the magnet members 18, 118, 218, 318 are fabricated from powdered materials compressed to shape and sintered, the different magnetic materials used for the first portions 34, 134, 234, 334 and the second portions 38, 138, 238, 338 may be placed into the press prior to pressing to shape.
  • Such a fabrication method will create borderlines 36, 136, 236, 336 that are less distinct than those where the two portions are fabricated as separate segments. This technique can be used to fabricate magnet members 18 with two or more grades of magnetic material within a single magnet member 18.
  • the designer of the dynamoelectric machine can custom design magnet members 18 by positioning magnetic materials with specific magnetic properties in different areas of a magnet member 18.
  • the corners 22 may have a higher percentage of material with a high coercivity level than the balance of the magnet member 18, which may use a material with a higher percentage of material with a high remanence level.
  • Both of the magnetic materials used may have lower per volume costs than a single magnet material that had both a high coercivity level and high remanence level, thereby lowering the overall material cost of the magnet member 18.
  • magnet members 418 comprise a plurality of portions, such as first portions 434 and second portions 438 that are proximate each other while not actually being in contact with each other.
  • portions 434, 438 are located in cavities 444, 448 respectively, of a dynamoelectric machine member 410 shown here as a rotor.
  • the first portions 434 may be constructed of magnetic material with a higher coercivity than the material of the second portions 438, while the second portions 438 may be constructed of magnetic material with a higher remanence than the material of the first portions 434. Consequently, the magnet members 418 have a higher resistance to demagnetization of the first portions 434 than of the second portions 438.
  • an alternate embodiment with magnet members 518 comprise a plurality of portions, such as first portions 534 and second portions 538 that are proximate each other while not actually being in contact with one another.
  • Such portions 534, 538 are located in cavities 544, 548 respectively, of a dynamoelectric machine member 510 shown here as a rotor.
  • the first portions 534 further comprises first sub-portions 535 and second sub-portions 536, and the second portions 538 further comprises third sub-portion 539 and fourth sub-portion 540.
  • the first sub-portions 535 are constructed of magnetic material with a higher coercivity than the material of second sub-portions 536, which are constructed of magnetic material with a higher coercivity than the material of third sub-portions 539, which are constructed of magnetic material with a higher coercivity than the material of fourth sub-portions 540. Consequently, the magnet members 518 have a higher resistance to demagnetization of the first sub-portions 535 than of the second sub-portions 536 than of the third sub-portions 539 than of the fourth sub-portions 540. It should be noted that the number of sub-portions is not limited to four as depicted in this embodiment but may be any practical number of sub-portions. Additionally, the relationship of coercivity value between any two of the sub-portions may be set as appropriate to the particular application.
  • Constructing magnet members 18 with multiple materials provides greater design flexibility in other ways as well.
  • the waveform of the flux density in the air-gap of a dynamoelectric machine may be shaped to reduce torque ripple and core losses.
  • the resulting high residual flux density at a bottom layer can make the air-gap flux density more sinusoidal and thereby reduce the harmonic components of the air-gap flux density.
  • portioning the magnet members into different grades of magnetic material may help reduce the eddy current losses inside the magnet members, thereby improving low temperature performance of the dynamoelectric machine.
  • portioning the magnet members allows a dynamoelectric machine with one set of components, with fixed sizes, to have differing levels of performance, thereby avoiding costs that would be expended to fabricate tools for components of various sizes to build dynamoelectric machines with different performance levels.
  • the grades of permanent magnets may be more than two grades, such as three or more.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)

Abstract

Appareil associé à un aimant pour une machine dynamo-électrique, ledit aimant comprenant une première partie constituée d'un premier corps magnétique et une deuxième partie constituée d'un deuxième corps magnétique. L'invention concerne également un procédé visant à accroître les performances d'une machine dynamo-électrique, ledit procédé comprenant les étapes consistant à déterminer les emplacements de forts champs démagnétisants au niveau de la machine dynamo-électrique et à placer dans la machine un aimant comportant une première partie ayant une force coercitive plus élevée et une deuxième partie ayant une force coercitive plus faible de façon à ce que la partie ayant la force coercitive plus élevée soit plus proche des emplacements des forts champs démagnétisants que la partie ayant la force coercitive plus faible.
PCT/US2007/013652 2006-06-12 2007-06-08 Aimant pour machine dynamo-électrique, machine dynamo-électrique et procédé associé Ceased WO2007146208A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE112007001339T DE112007001339T5 (de) 2006-06-12 2007-06-08 Magnet für eine dynamoelektrische Maschine, dynamoelektrische Maschine und Verfahren

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US81311506P 2006-06-12 2006-06-12
US60/813,115 2006-06-12

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2007146208A1 true WO2007146208A1 (fr) 2007-12-21

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CN (1) CN101485064A (fr)
DE (1) DE112007001339T5 (fr)
WO (1) WO2007146208A1 (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101841220A (zh) * 2009-03-18 2010-09-22 通用汽车环球科技运作公司 防止内置式永磁电机中退磁的方法和装置
US7847461B2 (en) 2007-06-06 2010-12-07 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Multi-layer magnet arrangement in a permanent magnet machine for a motorized vehicle
CN103457374A (zh) * 2012-05-30 2013-12-18 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 用于使双永磁体同步电机中的去磁最小化的磁屏障
EP2369719A3 (fr) * 2010-03-23 2016-12-07 Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. Rotor et machine rotative à aimant permanent
US9634527B2 (en) 2012-03-13 2017-04-25 Brose Fahrzeugteile Gmbh & Co. Kg, Wuerzburg Electrical machine with a high level of efficiency
WO2021219290A1 (fr) * 2020-04-30 2021-11-04 Vitesco Technologies GmbH Logement à aimant, rotor, stator et moteur électrique

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DE102012218993A1 (de) * 2012-10-18 2014-04-24 Robert Bosch Gmbh Läuferanordnung für eine permanentmagneterregte elektrische Maschine
CN103219852A (zh) * 2013-04-18 2013-07-24 台州市金宇机电有限公司 内置式低速大转矩永磁轮毂电机
CN103501067B (zh) * 2013-09-25 2016-10-12 广东美芝制冷设备有限公司 电动机的转子
CN104753212A (zh) * 2013-12-25 2015-07-01 联合汽车电子有限公司 混合磁钢转子及具有该转子的永磁同步电机
CN104283394A (zh) * 2014-10-20 2015-01-14 上海电机学院 一种抑制永磁体退磁的面贴式无刷直流电机转子
CN105811616A (zh) * 2016-03-23 2016-07-27 创驱（上海）新能源科技有限公司 一种切向分段式磁钢以及具有该磁钢的永磁同步电机转子
JP6423126B2 (ja) * 2016-09-16 2018-11-14 株式会社東芝 回転電機及び車両
CN106941285A (zh) * 2017-04-18 2017-07-11 上海电机学院 削弱永磁轮毂电机齿槽转矩的方法
CN109194078B (zh) * 2018-09-21 2020-04-24 东南大学 一种双层永磁复合磁路记忆电机
CN109787439A (zh) * 2019-03-19 2019-05-21 上海电气风电集团有限公司 电机转子的制造方法、电机转子及电机
CN110350689A (zh) * 2019-07-12 2019-10-18 上海特波电机有限公司 复合式永磁电机
CN112737172B (zh) * 2019-10-28 2023-04-18 新疆金风科技股份有限公司 电机转子及电机
JP7415876B2 (ja) * 2020-11-04 2024-01-17 トヨタ自動車株式会社 モータ
CN117856486B (zh) * 2022-09-30 2025-01-14 比亚迪股份有限公司 转子总成、电机和车辆
CN117728606A (zh) * 2023-06-29 2024-03-19 中车永济电机有限公司 一种转子结构及电机
DE102023124794A1 (de) * 2023-09-14 2025-03-20 Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft Betriebsverfahren für eine permanenterregte Synchronmaschine, sowie ein Rotor für eine permanenterregte Synchronmaschine

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US4491756A (en) * 1981-10-21 1985-01-01 Hitachi, Ltd. Direct current dynamoelectric machine of permanent magnet type
EP0746079A2 (fr) * 1995-05-31 1996-12-04 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Moteur avec aimants permanents intégrés
JPH08340651A (ja) * 1995-06-12 1996-12-24 Toshiba Corp 永久磁石及び永久磁石形回転電機
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US4491756A (en) * 1981-10-21 1985-01-01 Hitachi, Ltd. Direct current dynamoelectric machine of permanent magnet type
EP0746079A2 (fr) * 1995-05-31 1996-12-04 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Moteur avec aimants permanents intégrés
JPH08340651A (ja) * 1995-06-12 1996-12-24 Toshiba Corp 永久磁石及び永久磁石形回転電機
JPH10271722A (ja) * 1997-03-21 1998-10-09 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 永久磁石埋め込みロータ

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7847461B2 (en) 2007-06-06 2010-12-07 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Multi-layer magnet arrangement in a permanent magnet machine for a motorized vehicle
CN101841220A (zh) * 2009-03-18 2010-09-22 通用汽车环球科技运作公司 防止内置式永磁电机中退磁的方法和装置
EP2369719A3 (fr) * 2010-03-23 2016-12-07 Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. Rotor et machine rotative à aimant permanent
US9634527B2 (en) 2012-03-13 2017-04-25 Brose Fahrzeugteile Gmbh & Co. Kg, Wuerzburg Electrical machine with a high level of efficiency
US9634528B2 (en) 2012-03-13 2017-04-25 Brose Fahrzeugteile Gmbh & Co. Kg, Wuerzburg Efficient electric machine
US9831726B2 (en) 2012-03-13 2017-11-28 Brose Fahrzeugteile Gmbh & Co. Kg, Wuerzburg Electrical machine
US9876397B2 (en) 2012-03-13 2018-01-23 Brose Fahrzeugteile Gmbh & Co. Kg, Wuerzburg Electrical machine
CN103457374A (zh) * 2012-05-30 2013-12-18 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 用于使双永磁体同步电机中的去磁最小化的磁屏障
WO2021219290A1 (fr) * 2020-04-30 2021-11-04 Vitesco Technologies GmbH Logement à aimant, rotor, stator et moteur électrique

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN101485064A (zh) 2009-07-15
DE112007001339T5 (de) 2009-05-20

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