WO2007149001A2 - Procédé et structure destinés à une tuile de verre permettant de collecter de l'énergie solaire - Google Patents

Procédé et structure destinés à une tuile de verre permettant de collecter de l'énergie solaire Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007149001A2
WO2007149001A2 PCT/RO2007/000007 RO2007000007W WO2007149001A2 WO 2007149001 A2 WO2007149001 A2 WO 2007149001A2 RO 2007000007 W RO2007000007 W RO 2007000007W WO 2007149001 A2 WO2007149001 A2 WO 2007149001A2
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
opto
profile
module
optical
electric
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PCT/RO2007/000007
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English (en)
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WO2007149001A3 (fr
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Corneliu Antonovici
Steluta Gheorghiu
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
    • H02S20/20—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object
    • H02S20/22—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings
    • H02S20/23—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings specially adapted for roof structures
    • H02S20/25—Roof tile elements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/24—Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
    • A01G9/243—Collecting solar energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
    • F24S20/20—Solar heat collectors for receiving concentrated solar energy, e.g. receivers for solar power plants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
    • F24S20/60—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
    • F24S20/60—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings
    • F24S20/69—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings in the form of shingles or tiles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S30/00—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules
    • F24S30/40—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement
    • F24S30/42—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement with only one rotation axis
    • F24S30/425—Horizontal axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S50/00—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors
    • F24S50/20—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors for tracking
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
    • H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10F77/40—Optical elements or arrangements
    • H10F77/42—Optical elements or arrangements directly associated or integrated with photovoltaic cells, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
    • H10F77/484—Refractive light-concentrating means, e.g. lenses
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
    • H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10F77/40—Optical elements or arrangements
    • H10F77/42—Optical elements or arrangements directly associated or integrated with photovoltaic cells, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
    • H10F77/488—Reflecting light-concentrating means, e.g. parabolic mirrors or concentrators using total internal reflection
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/47—Mountings or tracking
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/12—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries using renewable energies, e.g. solar water pumping

Definitions

  • the invention refers to a new method and structure for transforming a glass element of widely spread production in order to be used for solar energy harvesting in form of electricity and/or heat, with long lifetime and increased endurance to climatic aggressiveness, at a low production cost.
  • This invention improves the profile and the structure of a glass element widely produced, which thus has the ability to collect solar energy as electricity or/and heat.
  • the new product is better than the other proposed pane structures, because it endures future harsh climate condition; it has over 30 years lifetime and a low total cost. More specifically, the main advantages of the invention are the following:
  • multi-element adapter module grouped into a polycrystalline, flat or spherical electro-optical module
  • Figure 1 represents a section through a modified solar cell
  • Figure 2 shows a section through the solar mobile cell
  • Figure 3 depicts a section of a fixed solar cell
  • Figure 4 is an electro-optic adapter for flat rectangular systems (1-2D structure);
  • Figure 5 is an electro-optic adapter for spherical systems (ID structure);
  • Figure 6 shows opto-electric gear devices with improved efficiency
  • Figure 7 is opto-electric elements connection scheme inside the cell
  • Figure 8 is the assembly for energy accumulation and delivery
  • Figure 9 is the action system for the solar pane in the mobile roof
  • Figure 10 is the integrate system for solar alimentation with greenhouse and aeolian station with or without network release
  • Figure 11 is an example of fixed pane application for transport - highway case.
  • the invention is based on the observation that in order to withstand an aggressive climate, with strong wind, hail and heavy snow, the modules collecting solar energy have to he protected with a glass layer of at least 1 A inch thick and to weigh at least 7 Ib/ft2 in an aerodynamic structure, that must not allow the creation of dangerous vortexes.
  • the structure has to be easily produced and assembled, for the ease of transporting and installing.
  • the invention brings a new profile, easy to prod «ce, ⁇ natching the optical laws, and an adaptive structure of semiconductor elements, thus creating a new product - the solar cell roof-tile. This can be used as a solar panel element in various cases.
  • the profile according to this invention improves the mechanical performance of the ordinary glass-tile, which was conceived to meet ornamental requirements, driving the light towards dedicated places, where elements for converting light into electricity might be installed.
  • the invention extends the use of glass, through the specialized profiles for directing the light rays, with good influences on the structure's resistance, and reduces the use of opto- electric conversion materials to the minimum necessary, typically by 10-100 times, thus reducing the cost.
  • the structure according to this invention eliminates the dependency on a semiconductor source by creating the adapter modules of opto-electric elements, which are specialized for the semiconductor type and standardized, leaving the glass elements production unchanged for some standardized models.
  • the structure according to the invention eliminates the disadvantages of the solutions already proposed, because on the opto-electric adapter module there can be installed correctly all the series of known semiconductors; it also minimizes the loss due to light reflection on the semiconductor, which has a high refraction index, by gradually adapting the refraction index and/or by using local reflection.
  • the module has electrical protection, is interchangeable without modifying the base structure.
  • the invention overcomes these disadvantages by using mobile panels in fixed structures, vertical walls, southern walls, or roofs and proposing using them for paving or covering parking, railways, and railroads too, in which case the beneficial effect is doubled by securing traffic too. It is presented another example of a glass element for pavements, sidewalks, and access ways with light sources included or not, which combines the mechanical resistance with thermalMsolation and collection and use of light and electricity.
  • Figure I represents a general cell (1) in its upper side, typically with 40 mm width and with square sides of 240 or 190 mm long.
  • Wave structure (2) has a controlled profile, and it is followed by a profiled structure (3) which has to direct the reflected and refracted light inside the glass, towards the semiconductor elements (4) at the profile's base.
  • the glass cell is characterized by the side profiled structure (5) which allows easy mounting in construction grids that provides the necessary mechanical resistance.
  • the opto-electric module (6) which is built especially for the properties of the used semiconductor.
  • the resulted channels (7) can be used for passing an air or cooling liquid flow, which takes on the obtained heat and transfers it to an accumulating element - e.g., a hot water tank. They can also be used for storing Li-Ion batteries and specific illuminating elements. Side walls (5) will be modified in order to allow the passing of electrical cables and tubes, so that to assure the necessary connection modularity and compactness.
  • the structure of the extern (9) and intern (10) surfaces can be covered with different materials in order to improve the optical properties, like antireflective layers, and hardened on the exterior surface in order to improve its endurance to abrasion and the performance of the optical transmission, as metal coating and electro-phoretic plating of the internal surface.
  • the intern and the extern profiles will be optimized in order to maximize light transmission from the surface to the opto-electric module, depending on the relative position to the sun.
  • the structure from the figure can be uni- or bi-dimensional, depending on the type of the utilized electro-optic system. It has the advantage that it realizes a good compromise between the needed glass surface, which is impossible to avoid, and the semiconductor surface, which is an expensive material and it has to be minimized.
  • the mobile structure from figure 2 is especially aligned on the sun direction, so that the light radiation falls on the semiconductor layer.
  • the cell has a simple structure, and it is made of glass frame (11) with strengthened and mechanical connection function, having a harsh side surface.
  • the curved element of profiled glass (12) allows light pervasion without reflection and directs it to the photosensitive element.
  • the profile will be optimized depending on functional and de ⁇ igmcriteria.
  • the profile is continued at its inner part with a prismatic structure (13), pyramidal or conic respectively, with a double role of mechanical resistance and light ray (19, 20) direction, being a continuous medium which prevents air interface refraction and the jump of the refraction index from the air value (1) to the semiconductor value (2-5), which would result in high reflection, but it is avoided, conforming to the glass structure described by the invention.
  • the free space (13) has the role to save the glass amount, thus reducing the mass but maintaining the high mechanical resistance.
  • the light pervaded through the surface is naturally directed based on the reflection and refraction effects [1], towards the interface at the rear of the profile (14), which is specially made in order to allow mounting on every type of optical adjustment devices. This is an important characteristic of the invention, which makes possible easy utilization, without fabrication changes of any type of semiconductor, thus reducing the dependency on a certain producer.
  • the square structure of the cell continues in the exterior on the side surface with the space for mounting (15) in walls or structures, having made on every side orifices for the electrical connections and for the cooling circuits.
  • the back surface may be made of the same glass material or of ceramic, on the condition to have the dilating coefficient equal to that of the glass. It can be transparent or opaque, polished or harsh, depending on its utilization and on consumer's preference. Inside the cell, a freeze-resistant gas or a cooling agent may circulate, in order to cool and thermo-stabilized the semiconductor elements, which can be used to generate a moderate energy, used for heating.
  • the inner surface may be metal coated or dyed so that to reflect diffuse light and to prevent back pane heating, which assures semiconductor elements cooling, when the cooling circuit is missing.
  • the structure is appropriate for mounting in walls and panes, having the front curb surface (11) parallel to the profile and to the opto-electric module-mounting surface.
  • Covering the profile internal surface (18) has an ornamental role, but also a functional one, so that an Al, Au, Ag, Cr, Zn metal layer gives it not only a nice aspect, with interesting reflections, but also the possibility of protection covering through anode electrophoresis of the profile which was mounted so that to be humidity- insensitive and to have a long lifetime.
  • Coating of thin transparent layers with profiles of non-uniform coating will make the cell look attractive and it will also serve energetic goals. In this case, as the sunlight goes straight to the semiconductor element, it does not act as an optic concentrator, the diffuse light being ten times lesser than the direct light.
  • the profile can be uni- or bi- dimensional, when it serves discrete structures.
  • the fixed solar cell from figure 3 is mounted in fixed surfaces, as walls, roofs, and pavements, with different orientations.
  • this type of cell will have an asymmetric internal profile (40), different from the extern profile (32), so that to maximize the probability that the light rays (41, 42) to arrive inside the opto-electric element (33).
  • an additional set of semiconductors (34) has been added.
  • these profiles can be made asymmetric, such that their slope corresponds with light rays direction, when vertically or pre-established sloped mounted.
  • the slope of the central axis will be 45 degrees so that the sections of the two triangular profiles to correspond in summer and in winter, resulting in four moments per year when the aligning of the opto-electric element is perfect.
  • Optical corrections can be made by modifying the profile (32) such that the slope remains moderate.
  • the fixed profiles are uni-dimensional mostly, having the prism orientation from east to west and being installed on southern walls.
  • a wide range of surfaces can be covered, for example roofs and pavements.
  • the upper profile (32) will be modified by introducing a grid at the curb level (31), with harsh or pyramidal surface to prevent sliding.
  • the surfaces that are not directly affected by the abrasive contact (step walking or tire passing) will be treated at the surface in order to make them immune to dust and dirtiness.
  • the opto-electric adapter from figure 4 is a separate device that allows separating the massive glass production from semiconductor elements production. This device solves the problem of plain semiconductors that are cut in rectangular or square shapes, which can be mounted iruseries or parallel circuits.
  • the ID adapter is a device (52) compatible with an optical element (50), in a prism shape, having only a section in a trapezoidal shape.
  • the preferred semiconductor elements are the plain surface laminas, with 240 mm length (or equal to the interior size of the cell), with a few mm thick and with variable height from 1 to a few light absorption lengths - typically from 0.1 mm to a few mm, with the necessary conductors covers.
  • the 2D adapter is a device with both sections like that from the figure, where the semiconductor piece has the width and the length comparable and the optical element is in a cone or pyramid shape.
  • This structure has the role of adapting the optical output of the element (50) to a plain opto-electronic piece (56), to achieve the necessary mechanical and electrical rigidity, and in the same time to minimize the losses in the interface with the semiconductor (59).
  • the opto-electric adapter is based on a ceramic or glass piece in a stick shape for the ID structure or in a cylinder shape for the 2D structure.
  • the optical structure (50) is utilized for directing the light (63, 64) towards the semiconductor (56) that will transform it in electrical flow. It can go directly to the interface (59) as the fascicle (54) or may be totally reflected on the wall (51) or on a optical metallic surface or on dye.
  • the semiconductor there will be put a layer for optical adaptation of the refraction indices and a liquid (Iceland liquid) or transparent plastic layer for uniform optical transmission, which improves the optical contact and eliminates the reflections.
  • the piece (52) On the side surfaces the piece (52) will have an adhesive element (53, 60) that can be resin or melted plastic, with mechanical adhesion and thermal conduction role.
  • the negative (54) and positive (58) electrical semiconductors will be placed which are connected by ultrasonic welding or conductor epoxy to the n-p surfaces of the semiconductor (56).
  • the semiconductor can be a single element, for example polycrystalline Si, Ge, GaAs or a multiple element made of high efficient coatings.
  • the refraction index will be adjusted, by using an intermediary optic element (59), eventually.
  • a well thermal conductor substance (57) will be added, for example silicone Vaseline, which assures a good extern thermal contact.
  • the exterior surface (55) will be coated or dyed. At both ends it will provide electrical connectors (61, 62) that will be used for circuit external connection.
  • the system from figure 5 adapts the optical element to the structures that use a spherical semiconductor, produced by drops injection mechanism by free falling or by floatation. These have the advantage of being cheap and easily produced in large amounts, but they are low efficient, 10%- 15% and they have sensitive problem for junction electric contact. We are interested in the elements ultrasound welded, not in the flexible mechanical contact, which may have problems in time.
  • the ray lights (83) propagate through the optical element (70), and then reflect on the optical element wall (71), whose surface is metallic covered or dyed, or they totally reflect.
  • the fascicles (84, 85) traverse the interface (79) with the optical module (72).
  • the semiconductor spherules are punctually radiated the efficiency lowers, as result of zonal saturation. To avoid this, it is better to uniformly radiate the whole available surface, but this operation needs a specialized reflector. This is allowed by the adaptation module that can be build specialized, and can include different production of spherical photocells, with or without reflector. Moreover, it can adjust gradually the refraction coefficients in order to avoid reflection losses, this being partly done by the reflector too.
  • Connectors (81) and (82) connect the modules inside the cell, so that the whole assembly is rigid and protected against humidity and other medium agents.
  • the structure of the optical module from figure 6 represents a practical solution to increase the absorption efficiency, by taking in the radiation reflected on the surface of another transducer/converter positioned at an angle from the first one, such that the radiation multiple exchange between them takes place, being equivalent to an antireflective layer.
  • the surface of used active material increases by 50-100%, ⁇ vhile the efficiency increases only by 30%, but it is a solution to the cases when it is difficult to apply antireflective layers due to multiple layers of efficiency. Moreover, the system prevents the breaking or the weariness of*the material sensitive in time, as effect of random diurnal thermical cycles, due to light intensity variation.
  • the conductor elements and the mechanical grips are realized on flexible elements with dilating roles.
  • the flexibility coefficients and the tenacity are compatible such that there won't appear any breaks or weariness rifts at cycling.
  • the electrical contacts have corresponding section and are twisted multi-wired such that there is room for dilation, without longitudinal translation.
  • the prism can be covered with an antireflective layer which adapts the surface to the coupling polymer-liquid, under the total reflection condition, when its index is low or the transmission condition, when its index is high and compatible to the cell.
  • the antireflective layer may be put on an associated transparent support, this structure being self-sustaining, but on flexible elements.
  • FIG 6 there are presented the opto-electric coupling devices with improved efficiency, which adapt the intern cell profile optically and mechanically, and which are produced in a typical range, with opto-electric conversion profile, made such that they assure the independency from the opto-sensitive elements source (semiconductor producers) and to preserve the main investment for the glass cell panes, that can be easily upgraded and maintained.
  • the opto-electric adapter module provides for a precise mechanical fastening, without generating mechanical and thermical tensions on the semiconductor, which in time may lead to its breaking or electrical deterioration and to lower efficiency.
  • the adapting module that converts to the optical cell profile has the role to adapt the dilation coefficients of the different used materials (with 15*10 "6 , for glass 2-4 1 MO “6 , for semiconductor 1-5 * 10 " 6 , for polymers (viscous-plastic) or liquids ("Island liquid”) 10-50* 10 "6 ), such that the dilation caused by the climatic variation or optical heating not to have mechanical effects, with functional consequences.
  • the opto-electric converter includes all the electrical and optical structure, being modular, and it allows production in quality and technology conditions superior to those in which the optical tile is produced, assuring an optimal distribution of the building effort and minimal cost.
  • a variant of opposing mounting is that of using a reflector immersed or not in an optic medium.
  • the module is supposed to have thermal conduction properties, because more than 60% of the initial optic power (of 1 Kw/m2, approximately) is released inside the module StrucWe, assuring semiconductor's cooling and defrosting in wintertime, by using some electric resistances mounted on the cell profile or a thermic agent (water, antifrozing liquid, air, etc).
  • Figure 7 depicts the opto-electric elements connection scheme inside the cell. Inside the glass . semi-cell, the opto-electric modules are represented by the symbols (125, 127), which show an opto- electric generator diode. They can be connected in different ways, as a grid, every way having its advantages and disadvantages.
  • the figure is general and it shows a series connection on rows, followed by a parallel connection of the rows, having the possibility of parallel connection at diode-level.
  • This system has the disadvantage of displacement from the optimal functioning resistance that allows the photocell to deliver the maximum power, as effect of non-uniform lightening.
  • the solution to this problem is realizing the optimizer in commutation at the photoelectric cell level, but this isn't economical.
  • the practical proposal is connecting in series the photocells (134), (135), (136) - representing all the intermediary cells, (137) such that the tension grows to values that are compatible with mass electronics, protected by a diode (138) which limits the current and prevents system side destruction creating the series assembly (131), with current outputs (131, 132), which are connected in parallel with the other existing series (125-128, 127-129, 130).
  • a commuting circuit for optimization and adaptation of the operating characteristics (123) in order to maximize the delivered power.
  • This has the outputs (121-122) which traverse in the exterior the cell (120) on the lateral side such that to be easy to connect to the rigidity and mounting grid.
  • Figure 8 presents a compact assembly for energy accumulation and deliverance at night time, creating light passive systems, like bus station roofs, etc.
  • the compact cell is made up of two cells - an upper one, towards the sun, which collects the energy during day time (140) and an internal one (152) enabled with accumulators and efficient LEDs, separated by ceramic or glass pane (151). They can be directly connected in the same fabrication element or such that the produced light lifetime to be equal to the necessary one and to have an intensity comparable to the incident one, in case of a total system efficiency of 10%.
  • the receiver module (140) is made up of the profiled extern and antireflective treated surface (141), which directs the light (144, 145) towards the receive module (142, 143). It is possible to use the free spaces to deposit the accumulation Lilon batteries or to cool with airflow.
  • the semi-cell presents the grid-mounting place (150) that has the output orifices for electric cables and cooling tubes (148, 149).
  • the inferior pane (152) contains the illuminating system and can be put back-to-back forming a single compact cell or can be independent and connected at the collecting module through the connectors (158). Inside, behind the special profile (156 - 157) with ornamental role, there are the accumulator batteries, Lilon preferably (155) and the illuminating elements (153, 154) controlled by an electronic module.
  • FIG 9 shows the action system for the solar pane in the mobile roof. More solar cells (163) can be connected by the aid of a profiled structure (161, 162, and 166) in a pane (160) which can be directly applied at the wall building or can be utilized as a mobile pane in the aerodynamic roof structure. In order to be reliable, this must weigh enough and is estimated at 40 Kg/m2 approximately.
  • Pane frame (165) must have the necessary rigidity in order not to allow the bending under its own weight and additional weights and must have the necessary places (164, 167) to be mounted in the exterior. On its side, the frame is coupled to other objects by the sides (161), on which can be hung up mobile panes with the use of a hinge (161).
  • the pane also has electric (168) and thermal (169) connectors and hanging and action elements (164, 167).
  • Frame (161) allows vertical mounting of a wire stick mesh system for protection against the birds and deflection of the wind currents above the pane by creating a micro- turbulence layer.
  • the structure of a complex installation for solar energy accumulation is based on maximum using the field by building solar collectors together with a greenhouse and wind harvesters. This helps maximizing the obtained energy. It is not an optimal ratio between the space and panes utilization. For all-day delivery of a energy closed to the maximum value it is necessary to define the shadowing angle, and if we admit that this is 20 degree above the horizon, the space utilization degree is only 20%.
  • a greenhouse roof is equipped with solar connectors only on 25% of the surface, but it has the advantage that the cells don't shadow each other, from the moment they are illuminated, they generate at full capacity until the sunset. Because the sunrays have different ways through the atmosphere, the power varies by 20% at noon, when it is at its maximum, at sunrise and sunset, when the sun is up and the cells are not shadowed.
  • the solar structures be applied in greenhouse complex, completed by Aeolian structures.
  • Aeolian structures Such an example is given in figure 10, where the roof integrates a greenhouse with Aeolian structures. It is a mobile (morphed) roof with improved aerodynamic coefficient, able to withstand winds of up to 200 Km/h without damage.
  • the transparent morphed roof (170) is made up of panes with a slope corresponding to the latitude, with simple transparent panes (171) that have the role to link aerodynamically the mobile solar panes.
  • the transparent panes are made of polyurethane foil or Plexiglas, being doubled in order to provide for the necessary resistance. They are mounted on profiled frames, with hinges at the extremities (179, 183) and at the centre, having enough width to cover the largest size. They can consist of anti-wind nets, birds' anti-landing vertical wires, with role in wind turbulence generating.
  • Their length is equal to that of the solar pane, and the width is greater than the distance of the most unfavorable position at zenith, where the distance between the consecutive edges of the panes is equal to the square root from the difference between the square of the pane separating distance and the square of the pane width.
  • the cylindrical panes don't need to be aligned at tilting in order to compensate the sun axis tilting for each season, while the panes with spherical cap profile (2D) must be mounted on adjustable supports, which make the construction more complex, as it needs a double frame that can be in charge of the N-S alignment.
  • the system for alignment moving is made up of the roof frame (184, 188), which is rigidly mounted in the building structure, the solar pane (173) support (175, 181), with axial rotation bearing and hinges (179) at the lateral sides of the pane.
  • the operation is done by an adjustable lever system from a central operation unit on the centre or the side of the building.
  • the movement is transmitted through the horizontal rods (184, 188) to the wheels and the crosses for action direction changing at 90 degrees (176, 182, 187, and 189) which transmit the movement equally to the panes, through the side arms (177, 183, 187, and 189) socket on the connection cross.
  • the structure being meant to support wind aerodynamic force and the weight of the elements of almost 50 Kg/m2 for the solar pane and 20 Kg/m2 for the completion pane plus the weight of approximately 1 m height of snow.
  • the pane heating system melts it down quickly and eliminates it in liquid form.
  • the system must withstand catastrophic situations with strong winds and heavy snow or rain with big hail that will happen often in the future.
  • the panes are provided with elements for deflecting wind flows from the surface by creating micro-turbulence in net systems or vertical flexible wire antennas which prevents bird landing.
  • the fixed pane system can be applied on structures and zones already build, bringing a positive impact without increasing the negative impact upon the environment.
  • the cells are made specialized for the sun tilt angle from the road and will be protected against strong wind and birds. Because the sun moves from east to west, maintaining the slope, in order to have an optimal assembly without adjustment, it is enough to use a uni-dimensional structure with an angular position such that at the equinox the sun concentrates equally in the side elements of the symmetric intern structure, thus it will generate maximum power four times per year.
  • the generator of the structure will be positioned on the East - west axis.
  • FIG 1 1 it is given an example of application for highway space utilization for making the fixed roof with solar cells and elements to capture the Aeolian energy.
  • the structure uses a fixed solar pane (215, 207) and a side northern pane (211) that are supported by central (194) and side (201) pillars and by a horizontal beam. At the pane extremities there are mounted deflectors (203, 205, 206, 216, and 217) with protection role against the strong wind and birds landing.
  • the pane orientation will be made depending on the tilt angle of the sun from the road, such that at noon and at equinox the rays (212) fall perpendicularly on their surface and generate maximum powers.
  • the structure can be used above every transport ways, roads or railways. For the structure, different types of profiles and energy utilization applications can be chosen depending on the local necessities.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
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Abstract

La présente invention concerne une nouvelle structure qui permet à des éléments en verre de collecter de l'énergie solaire. Ces tuiles ou briques de verre sont considérées comme des éléments optimaux pour collecter de l'énergie solaire et produire de l'électricité. Elles résistent à des conditions climatiques très dures, tels des vents forts, de fortes chutes de grêle et de neige, sont rigides et résistent aux chocs. Leur profilé amélioré, présentant un effet de guidage de lumière, permet de réduire le semi-conducteur, utilisé lors de la conversion de la lumière en énergie, selon des critères thermiques. La production mondiale de semi-conducteurs efficaces étant limitée, le module optique peut raccorder différents types de semi-conducteurs selon un certain mode de création d'interface. Les branchements électriques sont obtenues au niveau de l'interface de l'élément par câblage sur le module et au niveau du montage par réalisation du module tel un élément en verre compact, les connecteurs latéraux externes servant de branchement mural ou de raccord à la grille d'une vitre amovible. Le système comprend en outre une structure électronique qui empêche toute autodestruction. L'élément est monté dans des vitres pouvant servir dans des éléments de serre complexes, capables de collecter de l'énergie solaire et éolienne. Puisque l'on utilise des éléments classiques, ne dépendant pas de la production de semi-conducteurs, le coût d'investissement initial est inférieur à 1 $/w. Les modèles classiques communs sont des carrés de 10' et 8' générant respectivement une puissance maximale de 20 w et 15 w, lorsqu'ils sont équipés de convertisseurs opto-électriques présentant une performance de 35 % et pesant respectivement 7 Ib et 5 Ib avec une épaisseur de 2'.
PCT/RO2007/000007 2006-06-19 2007-06-19 Procédé et structure destinés à une tuile de verre permettant de collecter de l'énergie solaire Ceased WO2007149001A2 (fr)

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008034418A3 (fr) * 2006-09-19 2008-05-29 Sunvention Internat Gmbh Concentrateur solaire à plusieurs étages et serre
NL1037484C2 (nl) * 2009-11-20 2011-05-23 Alcre Best B V Inrichting voor het omzetten van zonne-energie.
CN102401989A (zh) * 2010-09-07 2012-04-04 聚日（苏州）科技有限公司 一种聚光装置及其制造方法
RU2657349C2 (ru) * 2016-10-04 2018-06-13 Викторс Николаевич Гавриловс Способ повышения эффективности преобразования энергии поглощенного потока электромагнитных волн солнечного света в электрическую энергию с помощью образованного "темнового тока" и объемной ультразвуковой дифракционной решетки в монокристалле кремния в результате возбуждения в нем периодических высокочастотных ультразвуковых сдвиговых волн
GB2561369A (en) * 2017-04-11 2018-10-17 Univ Exeter Construction block with photovoltaic device
US11189432B2 (en) 2016-10-24 2021-11-30 Indian Institute Of Technology, Guwahati Microfluidic electrical energy harvester

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FR2354430A1 (fr) * 1976-06-09 1978-01-06 Radiotechnique Compelec Panneau generateur photovoltaique a cellules solaires et ensemble comportant ledit panneau
DE3626450A1 (de) * 1986-08-05 1988-02-11 Hans Joachim Dipl P Kirschning Als solarzelle wirkendes bauteil von bauwerken und gebaeuden
DE3741477A1 (de) * 1987-12-08 1989-06-22 Fraunhofer Ges Forschung Konzentratoranordnung
CH689568A5 (de) * 1995-01-30 1999-06-15 Star Unity Ag Bauteil zum Aufbau einer Dachhaut.
AU3840697A (en) * 1996-08-16 1998-03-06 Johann Windholz Lens tile and solar energy system
JP3443029B2 (ja) * 1999-03-30 2003-09-02 鐘淵化学工業株式会社 太陽電池モジュール及び発電装置並びに太陽電池モジュールの製造方法
DE19956878A1 (de) * 1999-11-26 2001-06-07 Hne Elektronik Gmbh & Co Satel Photovoltaische Wandlereinrichtung
JP2002289900A (ja) * 2001-03-23 2002-10-04 Canon Inc 集光型太陽電池モジュール及び集光型太陽光発電システム

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008034418A3 (fr) * 2006-09-19 2008-05-29 Sunvention Internat Gmbh Concentrateur solaire à plusieurs étages et serre
NL1037484C2 (nl) * 2009-11-20 2011-05-23 Alcre Best B V Inrichting voor het omzetten van zonne-energie.
CN102401989A (zh) * 2010-09-07 2012-04-04 聚日（苏州）科技有限公司 一种聚光装置及其制造方法
CN102401989B (zh) * 2010-09-07 2014-04-16 聚日（苏州）科技有限公司 一种聚光装置及其制造方法
RU2657349C2 (ru) * 2016-10-04 2018-06-13 Викторс Николаевич Гавриловс Способ повышения эффективности преобразования энергии поглощенного потока электромагнитных волн солнечного света в электрическую энергию с помощью образованного "темнового тока" и объемной ультразвуковой дифракционной решетки в монокристалле кремния в результате возбуждения в нем периодических высокочастотных ультразвуковых сдвиговых волн
US11189432B2 (en) 2016-10-24 2021-11-30 Indian Institute Of Technology, Guwahati Microfluidic electrical energy harvester
GB2561369A (en) * 2017-04-11 2018-10-17 Univ Exeter Construction block with photovoltaic device
WO2018189509A1 (fr) * 2017-04-11 2018-10-18 University Of Exeter Bloc de construction comprenant un dispositif photovoltaïque
GB2561369B (en) * 2017-04-11 2020-01-08 Univ Exeter Construction block with photovoltaic device
CN110731047A (zh) * 2017-04-11 2020-01-24 埃克塞特大学 具有光伏装置的建筑砌块

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