WO2008004708A1 - Procédé de fabrication d'un élément en fonte, élément en fonte, et moteur pour véhicule - Google Patents
Procédé de fabrication d'un élément en fonte, élément en fonte, et moteur pour véhicule Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2008004708A1 WO2008004708A1 PCT/JP2007/063865 JP2007063865W WO2008004708A1 WO 2008004708 A1 WO2008004708 A1 WO 2008004708A1 JP 2007063865 W JP2007063865 W JP 2007063865W WO 2008004708 A1 WO2008004708 A1 WO 2008004708A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- pig iron
- build
- overlay
- iron member
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
- F01L3/02—Selecting particular materials for valve-members or valve-seats; Valve-members or valve-seats composed of two or more materials
- F01L3/04—Coated valve members or valve-seats
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/32—Bonding taking account of the properties of the material involved
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
- B23K26/342—Build-up welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0222—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in soldering or brazing
- B23K35/0233—Sheets or foils
- B23K35/0238—Sheets or foils layered
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550°C
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550°C
- B23K35/302—Cu as the principal constituent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
- B32B15/013—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of a metal other than iron or aluminium
- B32B15/015—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of a metal other than iron or aluminium the said other metal being copper or nickel or an alloy thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/06—Surface hardening
- C21D1/09—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D5/00—Heat treatments of cast-iron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/06—Alloys based on copper with nickel or cobalt as the next major constituent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/02—Iron or ferrous alloys
- B23K2103/06—Cast-iron alloys
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/50—Inorganic materials other than metals or composite materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2221/00—Treating localised areas of an article
- C21D2221/10—Differential treatment of inner with respect to outer regions, e.g. core and periphery, respectively
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2251/00—Treating composite or clad material
- C21D2251/02—Clad material
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
- F01L2003/25—Valve configurations in relation to engine
- F01L2003/255—Valve configurations in relation to engine configured other than parallel or symmetrical relative to piston axis
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
- F01L2003/25—Valve configurations in relation to engine
- F01L2003/256—Valve configurations in relation to engine configured other than perpendicular to camshaft axis
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L2301/00—Using particular materials
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L2303/00—Manufacturing of components used in valve arrangements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L2820/00—Details on specific features characterising valve gear arrangements
- F01L2820/01—Absolute values
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
- F01L3/02—Selecting particular materials for valve-members or valve-seats; Valve-members or valve-seats composed of two or more materials
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49229—Prime mover or fluid pump making
- Y10T29/4927—Cylinder, cylinder head or engine valve sleeve making
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49229—Prime mover or fluid pump making
- Y10T29/4927—Cylinder, cylinder head or engine valve sleeve making
- Y10T29/49272—Cylinder, cylinder head or engine valve sleeve making with liner, coating, or sleeve
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49229—Prime mover or fluid pump making
- Y10T29/49298—Poppet or I.C. engine valve or valve seat making
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49229—Prime mover or fluid pump making
- Y10T29/49298—Poppet or I.C. engine valve or valve seat making
- Y10T29/49306—Valve seat making
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
- Y10T428/12882—Cu-base component alternative to Ag-, Au-, or Ni-base component
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a pig iron member in which a cladding layer (cladding layer) is formed on the surface of a pig iron material, and more particularly, the cladding material melted by a laser is welded to the surface of the pig iron material.
- the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a pig iron member for forming a layer.
- a wear-resistant build-up layer is formed as a valve seat on the contact surface where the intake valve and the exhaust valve contact.
- the build-up layer is formed by melting a wear-resistant material (material for build-up) using a high-density heat source such as a laser and welding the melted material to the contact surface.
- pig iron material when used for the cylinder head body, pig iron material has a higher carbon content than ordinary steel, and in particular, the surface is flat and long and has large A-type graphite. For this reason, the graphite and oxygen contained in the atmosphere may react when building up, and carbon dioxide gas may be generated. Due to this gas generation, gas defects such as pinholes and blowholes may occur in the formed parve sheet.
- the surface of the pig iron material is heated by welding of the melted material at the time of overlaying, and the surface layer including this surface may be chilled. This chilling sometimes solidified and contracted the surface layer of the pig iron material, resulting in bead cracking in the overlay layer.
- a metal for example, pig iron
- a metal having a higher tendency to form carbide than Fe and an alloy of Ni and Co are disposed on the pig iron surface, and these are obtained by laser.
- Method of overlaying by melting and solidifying the material for example, see Patent Document 2
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 1 1 1 1 8 5 5
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 1 1 0 4 90 6
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 1-10 4 8 7 Disclosure of Invention
- the present invention has been made in view of such a problem.
- the roller is a pig iron member capable of reducing the occurrence of gas defects such as blowholes or pinholes in the overlay layer formed on the surface of the pig iron material and suppressing the occurrence of bead cracks in the overlay layer. It is in providing the manufacturing method of.
- the method for manufacturing a pig iron member according to the present invention includes melting a material for overlaying (building material) by laser irradiation from a laser irradiation device, and applying the molten material to a part of the surface of the pig iron material.
- a method for manufacturing a pig iron member including a step of forming a build-up layer by welding, wherein the material for the build-up is a material mainly composed of copper element, and the build-up layer is formed. Performing the step of forming the overlay layer such that a hardened layer having a thickness of 0.01 to 2. O mm is formed on the surface of the pig iron material. .
- the occurrence of gas defects in the overlay layer can be reduced, and the occurrence of bead cracks in the overlay layer can be suppressed.
- the thickness of the hardened layer is less than 0.1 mm, it is difficult to form a bead of the overlay layer, and the thickness of the hardened layer is less than 2.0 mm. If the thickness is too thick, gas defects are likely to occur in the overlay layer, and bead cracks are likely to occur in the overlay layer.
- the quenching layer having such a thickness is formed by adjusting the irradiation intensity of the laser or adjusting the speed at which the overlaying layer is formed in the process of forming the overlaying layer. Can do.
- the overlaying method according to the present invention it is more preferable to use a material having an oxygen content of 200 ppm or less as the material for overlaying.
- a material having an oxygen content of 200 ppm or less As the material for overlaying, it is more preferable to use a material having an oxygen content of 200 ppm or less as the material for overlaying.
- the oxygen content is higher than 200 ppm, as shown in the following examples, gas defects increase with the increase in the content, and sufficient build-up for use as the valve seat is achieved. You can't get a layer.
- the step of forming the overlay layer by adjusting the irradiation intensity of the laser to 200 W / mm 2 or more.
- the irradiation intensity is less than 20 OW / mm 2 , it is difficult to form a built-up bead.
- the step of forming the overlay layer includes the step of forming the first overlay layer on the surface of the pig iron material so as to have a thickness range of 0.1 to 1. O mm. And forming a second built-up layer on the surface of the first built-up layer so as to have a thickness range of 1.0 to 19 times the thickness of the first built-up layer. It is preferable to include both.
- the first build-up layer can contain the graphite in the surface layer of the pig iron material and suppress the occurrence of gas defects.
- the two overlay layers of the first overlay layer and the second overlay layer the internal stress of the overlay layer is relieved and bead cracking of the overlay layer can be suppressed. it can.
- the thickness of the first build-up layer when the thickness of the first build-up layer is made thinner than 0.1 mm, bead cracking occurs in the build-up layer after the formation of the second build-up layer.
- the thickness of the second built-up layer is greater than 1. O mm, gas defects are likely to occur in the built-up layer after the formation of the second built-up layer.
- the thickness of the second overlay layer when the thickness of the second overlay layer is greater than 19 times the thickness of the first overlay layer, the stress due to the solidification shrinkage of the second overlay layer May cause bead cracking.
- the thickness of the second built-up layer is made thinner than 1.0 times the thickness of the first built-up layer, the generation of gas defects cannot be sufficiently suppressed.
- the step of forming the second build-up layer is preferably performed so that the second build-up layer does not come off the surface of the first build-up layer. Specifically, in order not to deviate from the surface of the first build-up layer, specifically, the second build-up layer so that melted sag or the like of the second build-up layer does not flow out from the first build-up layer and contact the pig iron material. The generation of gas defects can be prevented by depositing.
- the pig iron material has a strength higher than the strength capable of removing the graphite and the oil component in the graphite, and the pig iron It is preferable to perform the step of irradiating the surface of the pig iron material with a laser whose irradiation intensity is adjusted so that the surface of the material has a strength lower than the melting strength.
- the laser irradiation intensity is adjusted so that the surface of the pig iron material is smaller than the melting strength, so the outermost surface of the mirror iron material is not chilled by melting and becomes the base material It can prevent cracking of pig iron material surface. Furthermore, if such a pretreatment process is performed using the laser irradiation apparatus, it can be carried out at a low cost without making a new capital investment.
- the laser irradiation intensity may be adjusted so that the incident energy of the laser irradiated on the surface of the pig iron material is in the range of 10 to 20 J mm 2. preferable.
- the incident energy is less than 10 j Zm m 2 , the amount of heat is insufficient, so the graphite on the outermost surface of the pig iron material and the oil contained in the graphite cannot be removed.
- the incident energy is larger than 20 J Zm m 2 , the outermost surface of the pig iron material is chilled by melting, and a crack is generated on the surface of the forged material.
- either one or both of the laser irradiation device and the pig iron material may be relatively in a speed range of 150 mm / min to 600 mm / min.
- the process of forming the said build-up layer is performed, moving to.
- bead cracking can be reliably reduced. If the relative velocity (relative velocity) force is smaller than 1550 m mZm in, the lip portion of the bead constituting the built-up layer may be intermittent. Furthermore, if it is larger than 60 O m mZm in, bead cracking may occur along the moving direction of the laser irradiation device.
- a pig iron member which formed the overlaying layer in the surface of a part of pig iron material as a forging member obtained by the said overlaying method, Comprising:
- the said overlay layer is a copper element.
- a pig iron member characterized in that a quenching layer having a thickness of 0.1 to 2.0 mm is formed on the surface of the pig iron material.
- the build-up layer of the pig iron member is not limited, but on the surface of the pig iron material, a first build-up layer having a thickness range of 0.1 to 1.0 mm, and the first build-up layer
- the thickness of the first overlay layer on the surface of It is preferable that the second built-up layer has a thickness range of 1.0 to 19 times the thickness.
- the forged member is free from gas defects such as pinholes and blowholes and bead cracks in the built-up layer, it is particularly suitable for a vehicle engine in which the use environment is severe and safety is important.
- the pig iron member is a cylinder head constituting a vehicle engine, and the build-up layer formed on the surface of the pig iron member is a valve seat constituting a cylinder head. preferable.
- FIG. 1 is a view for explaining a method for manufacturing a pig iron member according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the overlay layer of Examples 1 to 3.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the results of the wear resistance test of Example 1 and Comparative Example 3.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the relationship between the oxygen content contained in the cladding material in Example 4 and Comparative Example 4 and the gas defects in the cladding layer.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the results of gas defects (pinholes) and bead cracks in the overlay layers of Examples 5 to 8 and Comparative Examples 5 to 8.
- FIG. 6 is a view showing a cross section of the overlay layer of Example 6 and Comparative Example 9.
- FIG. 7 is a view showing a cross section of the overlay layer of Example 9 and Comparative Example 10.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining the optimum incident energy conditions of the laser in the pretreatment process according to Example 10 and Comparative Example 11.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining the optimum machining speed according to Example 11 and Comparative Example 12.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining the form of cracks in the overlay layer.
- a surfacing layer for example, the surfacing device 1 is used on the surface 22 of the pig iron material (for example, the cylinder head body 21 in the case of FIG. 1) as shown in FIG.
- the pig iron member 20 is manufactured by forming the valve seat 23 in the case of FIG.
- a pig iron material (JIS standard: equivalent to FC 25) with overlay dimensions of 200 mmX 500 X 15 Omm, and copper as shown in Table 1 below as a material for overlaying (building material) It was built up using powder of an abrasion resistant material mainly composed of elements. Specifically, as shown in Fig. 1, the powder is transported with an inert gas (argon gas), and a laser irradiation device with a beam irradiation area of 6.5 X 1.0 mm is applied to the transported powder. By irradiating these lasers, the powder was melted, and the melted material was welded to a part of the surface of the pig iron material to form a built-up layer. The laser irradiation intensity is 2.
- Example 2 differs from Example 1 in that the laser irradiation intensity is 2.5 kw and the processing speed is 50 OmmZmin. Also, Example 3 differs from Example 1 in that the laser irradiation intensity is 2.5 kw and the processing speed is 1 000 mm / min.
- the cross section of the pig iron member thus produced was observed with a microscope in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Example 2 In the same manner as in Example 1, a built-up layer was formed on the surface of the pig iron material to produce a pig iron member.
- the difference from Example 1 is that the laser irradiation intensity was adjusted so that the hardened layer was smaller than 0.01 mm, and the surface of the pig iron material was overlaid.
- Example 2 In the same manner as in Example 1, a built-up layer was formed on the surface of the pig iron material to produce a pig iron member.
- the difference from Example 1 is that the surface of the pig iron material was built up by adjusting the laser irradiation intensity so that the quenching layer was larger than 2. Omm.
- the pig iron member on which the build-up layer of Examples 1 to 3 was formed had no gas defects and no bead cracks. However, in the case of Comparative Example 1, it was difficult to form an overlay layer bead. In the case of Comparative Example 2, gas defects were included in the overlay layer, and bead cracking occurred in the overlay layer. In addition, as shown in FIG. 3, the pig iron member of Example 1 has improved wear resistance compared to that of Comparative Example 3.
- Such a built-up layer is formed by heating to a temperature at which the material for overlaying is melted (1 700 ° C or higher) and welding it to the surface of the pig iron material.
- the built-up layer is formed by self-cooling and solidification by heat conduction on the surface (base) of pig iron material. At that time, the pig iron material is heated and cooled to a temperature above the quenching transformation point temperature, so that a hardened layer is formed in the lower layer of the overlay layer. And from result 1, 0. 0 1
- Example 2 In the same manner as in Example 1, a built-up layer was formed on the surface of the pig iron material to produce a pig iron member.
- a difference from Example 1 is that a material having an oxygen content of 200 ppm or less (specifically, an oxygen content of 1 O O p pm, 200 ppm) is used as the overlay material.
- the number of gas defects having an average diameter of 0.2 mm or more and the number of gas defects having an average diameter of 0.4 mm or more were measured. The results are shown in Fig. 4. Gas defects (pinholes) harmful to valve seats are 0.5 mm or more.
- Example 4 In the same manner as in Example 4, a built-up layer was formed on the surface of the pig iron material to produce a pig iron member.
- the difference from Example 4 is that the material for the overlaying has an oxygen content exceeding 200 ppm (specifically, the oxygen content is 250 ppm, 300 ppm, 350 ppm, 400 ppm). ppm).
- the number of gas defects was measured. The results are shown in Fig. 4.
- Example 4 when a material having an oxygen content of 200 ppm or less was used as a build-up material as in Example 4, there was no gas defect having an average diameter of 0.4 mm or more. Further, when a material having an oxygen content of 100 ppm or less was used, there was no gas defect having an average diameter of 0.2 mm or more. As can be seen from the results of Example 4 and Comparative Example 4, the number of gas defects increased as the oxygen content of the cladding material increased.
- the gas defects formed in the overlay are generated by the carbon dioxide produced by the reaction of oxygen contained in the powder (material for overlay) and graphite of pig iron material. Therefore, it is considered that the generation of gas defects can be largely suppressed by reducing the oxygen content. If the oxygen content is 200 ppm or less, pinholes of 0.5 mm or more harmful to the valve seat can be suppressed, and if the oxygen content is 100 ppm or less, the average diameter is 0. Can suppress pinholes of 2 mm or less, and can form a high-quality built-up layer.
- Example 2 In the same manner as in Example 1, a built-up layer was formed on the surface of the pig iron material to produce a pig iron member.
- the body of the cylinder head (pigment material) constituting the engine as shown in FIG. 1 is composed of a build-up layer 23 on the surface 22 of the 1 and two layers shown below. It is the point which formed the overlaying layer. Specifically, as the process of forming the overlay layer, first, the first overlay layer is formed on the surface of the pig iron material so as to have a thickness of 0.1 mm.
- a step of forming (first layer) was performed.
- a step of forming a second built-up layer (second layer) on the surface of the first built-up layer so that the thickness is 1.9 mm (19 times the thickness of the first built-up layer). went.
- the first and second overlay layers are the same material.
- the cross section of the pig iron member in which the overlaying layer which consists of this two layers was formed was observed. The result is shown in FIG.
- the circles shown in Fig. 5 are when there is no bead cracking or when there are almost no gas defects.
- ⁇ is when there is a bead crack that does not hinder the use of the valve seat, or when there is a gas defect that does not hinder the use of the valve seat.
- X is when there is a bead crack that is undesirable for the use of the valve seat or when there is a gas defect that is undesirable for the use of the valve seat.
- Example 6 differs from Example 5 in that the thickness of the first overlay layer is 0.5 mm, the thickness of the second overlay layer is 1.5 mm (3.
- Example 7 differs from Example 5 in that the thickness of the first overlay layer is 0.8 mm, the thickness of the second overlay layer is 1.2 mm (1.5 times the thickness of the first overlay layer) The thickness of Furthermore, Example 8 differs from Example 5 in that the first overlay layer is 1.0 mm, the second overlay layer is 1.0 mm thick (1.0 times the first overlay layer). (Thickness). And also for pig iron members that performed these overlaying The same cross-sectional observation as in Example 5 was performed. The result is shown in FIG. A cross-sectional photograph of the pig iron member of Example 6 is shown in FIG.
- Comparative Example 5-8 differs from Example 5 in that, as shown in FIG. 5, the thickness of the first build-up layer was made thinner than 0.1 mm (Comparative Example 5), or 1. The thickness of the second built-up layer was made thicker than 19.0 times the thickness of the first built-up layer (Comparative Example 5). Alternatively, the thickness is less than 1.0 times the thickness of the first build-up layer (Comparative Examples 6 to 8). Then, the cross-sectional observation was performed in the same manner as in Example 5 for the pig iron member on which these overlay layers were formed. The result is shown in FIG.
- Figure 6 shows a cross-sectional photograph of this pig iron member.
- the overlay layer of the pig iron members of Examples 5 to 8 had no bead cracks or gas defects that hindered use in the valve seat.
- the overlay layer of the pig iron members of Comparative Examples 5 to 9 had either one of bead cracks or gas defects, and could not be used as a valve sheet.
- the thickness of the first cladding layer is in the range of 0.1 to 1.0 mm, the dilution of carbon to the second cladding layer can be reduced, and gas generation can be contained. It is done. And, as in Comparative Example 5, when the thickness of the first overlay layer is thinner than the thickness of the second overlay layer (the second layer is thicker than 19 times the thickness of the first layer), It is considered that bead cracking was induced by the stress during solidification shrinkage of the second overlay layer.
- the first build-up layer is placed on the surface of the pig iron material so that the thickness ranges from 0.5 to 0.8 mm. It is considered that it is more preferable to form the second built-up layer so that the thickness ranges from 1.5 times to 3.0 times the thickness of the first built-up layer. Even if the materials of the first and second overlay layers are different, it is considered that substantially the same results can be obtained if the material properties such as the melting point and the coefficient of thermal expansion are similar.
- Example 5 a build-up layer consisting of two layers was formed on the surface of the pig iron material to produce a pig iron member.
- the difference from Example 5 is that the step of forming the second build-up layer as shown in FIG. 7 was performed so that the second build-up layer did not come off the surface of the first build-up layer. Width a> width b). And the cross section of the pig iron member which formed this overlaying layer was observed. The result is shown in FIG.
- Example 9 a build-up layer consisting of two layers was formed on the surface of the mirror iron material to manufacture a mirror iron member.
- the difference from Example 5 is that, as shown in FIG. 7, the step of forming the second built-up layer was performed such that the second built-up layer was separated from the surface of the first built-up layer. (Width a and width b). And the cross section of the pig iron member which formed this overlaying layer was observed. The result is shown in Fig. 7.
- the surface of the pig iron material was irradiated with a laser whose irradiation intensity was adjusted so that the intensity of the pig iron material was smaller than the melting intensity.
- the laser was adjusted so that And the cross section of these pig iron materials was observed.
- Figure 8 shows the results.
- a built-up layer similar to that in Example 1 was formed to produce a pig iron member, and a cross section of the pig iron member was observed.
- a pretreatment step was performed in the same manner as in Example 10.
- the difference from Example 10 is that the incident energy of the laser on the surface of the pig iron material is made smaller than 10 J Zmm 2 or larger than 20 jZmm 2 .
- the cross section of the pig iron material was observed as in Example 10.
- the result is shown in FIG.
- a surfacing layer was formed in the same manner as in Example 10 to produce a pig iron member, and the cross section of the pig iron member was observed.
- Comparative Example 11 when it was smaller than 10 J Zmm 2 , it was considered that gas defects were generated in the built-up layer because the oil in graphite and graphite could not be removed. It is. On the other hand, if it is larger than 20 J / mm 2 , cracks are likely to occur due to chilling of the pig iron material, and it is considered that bead cracking also occurred in the overlay layer due to the occurrence of this crack. Thus, as in Example 10, if the laser is adjusted so that the incident energy of the laser on the surface of the pig iron material is in the range of 10 to 20 J / mm 2 , it is interposed on the surface of the pig iron material. It is considered that high quality build-up layer can be formed because the graphite and the oil in the graphite can be removed and the surface of the pig iron material does not melt and chill.
- Example 9 a built-up layer was formed on the surface of the pig iron material to produce a pig iron member.
- the difference from Example 9 is that the laser irradiation device 10 shown in Fig. 1 and the pig iron material (the cylinder head body) 2 1 move relatively (processing speed) V as shown in Fig. 9 (As indicated by the thumbprint) is that the overlay layer was formed in the range of 150 mm / min to 600 mm / min. Then, the appearance and cross section of the pig iron member were observed. The result is shown in FIG. In this embodiment, when the laser output is 1.5 kW or less, a bead is not formed, and therefore, overlaying is performed with a laser output higher than that.
- Example 1 In the same manner as in Example 1, a built-up layer was formed on the surface of the pig iron material to produce a pig iron member. The difference from Example 1 1 is that, as shown in Fig. 9 (as indicated by X), the relative movement speed (machining speed) V is smaller than 150 mm / min or 600 mm / min. This is the point of overlaying under larger conditions. Then, the appearance and cross section of the overlay layer were observed. The result is shown in FIG.
- the longitudinal cracks as in Comparative Example 1 and 2 are cracks (phenomenon) that occur continuously in parallel with the bead in the circumferential direction, and are considered to be caused by an increase in stress on the entire bead.
- the occurrence of such cracks is thought to be due to the increase in stress applied to the entire bead while suppressing gas defects and cross-local cracks (bead cracks) by double-layer build-up.
- the reason why the influence on the processing speed appears very remarkably is that the stress that causes the crack is generated mainly due to the cooling speed.
- Example 1 by setting the force velocity within the range of 150 mm / m.in to 600 mm / min (specifically, the conventional one-way general scale) It is considered that the cooling rate of the overlay layer was decreased, the stress generated in the entire overlay bead was reduced, and the occurrence of bead cracking was avoided. It is done. All publications cited in this specification are incorporated herein in their entirety. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations of the present invention can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims. The present invention is intended to encompass such variations and modifications.
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Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP07790669A EP2036655B1 (en) | 2006-07-05 | 2007-07-05 | Method for manufacturing cast iron member, cast iron member, and engine for vehicle |
| US12/084,055 US8302305B2 (en) | 2006-07-05 | 2007-07-05 | Method for manufacturing cast iron member |
| CN2007800012149A CN101356039B (zh) | 2006-07-05 | 2007-07-05 | 制造铸铁部件的方法、铸铁部件及车辆发动机 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006-185846 | 2006-07-05 | ||
| JP2006185846A JP4802895B2 (ja) | 2006-07-05 | 2006-07-05 | 鋳鉄部材の製造方法、鋳鉄部材、及び車両用エンジン |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2008004708A1 true WO2008004708A1 (fr) | 2008-01-10 |
Family
ID=38894664
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2007/063865 Ceased WO2008004708A1 (fr) | 2006-07-05 | 2007-07-05 | Procédé de fabrication d'un élément en fonte, élément en fonte, et moteur pour véhicule |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US8302305B2 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP2036655B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP4802895B2 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR100995786B1 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN101356039B (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2008004708A1 (ja) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2022058785A1 (en) | 2020-09-16 | 2022-03-24 | Nuformix Technologies Limited | Olaparib oxalic acid cocrystals and their pharmaceutical use |
| WO2023084311A1 (en) | 2021-11-10 | 2023-05-19 | Nuformix Technologies Limited | Olaparib hydroxybenzoic acid cocrystals and their pharmaceutical use |
| EP4682140A1 (en) | 2024-07-17 | 2026-01-21 | F.I.S.- Fabbrica Italiana Sintetici S.p.A. | Improved process for the preparation of olaparib |
Families Citing this family (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP5101838B2 (ja) * | 2006-05-16 | 2012-12-19 | ヤンマー株式会社 | 金属部材の表面硬化方法 |
| JP2009285675A (ja) * | 2008-05-28 | 2009-12-10 | Toyota Motor Corp | 肉盛方法 |
| NL2001869C2 (nl) * | 2008-08-01 | 2010-02-02 | Stichting Materials Innovation | Cilinderkop met klepzitting alsmede werkwijze voor het vervaardigen daarvan. |
| DE102011101700A1 (de) * | 2010-12-21 | 2012-06-21 | Sitech Sitztechnik Gmbh | Fahrzeugsitz mit laserverfestigten Bereichen |
| PL224928B1 (pl) * | 2012-12-19 | 2017-02-28 | SYSTEM Spółka Akcyjna | Sposób napawania warstwy metalicznej na element metalowy |
| PL227405B1 (pl) * | 2012-12-19 | 2017-11-30 | SYSTEM Spółka Akcyjna | Sposób laserowego napawania warstwy metalicznej na element metalowy |
| JP6128101B2 (ja) * | 2014-11-21 | 2017-05-17 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | レーザクラッド装置 |
| JP6210093B2 (ja) * | 2015-07-16 | 2017-10-11 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | レーザ肉盛方法 |
| JP6675370B2 (ja) * | 2017-11-09 | 2020-04-01 | 株式会社豊田中央研究所 | 肉盛合金および肉盛部材 |
| TWI653970B (zh) * | 2017-11-28 | 2019-03-21 | 財團法人金屬工業研究發展中心 | 牙材製造裝置及牙材製造方法 |
| RU2695399C2 (ru) * | 2017-12-11 | 2019-07-23 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Московский государственный технологический университет "СТАНКИН" (ФГБОУ ВО "МГТУ "СТАНКИН") | Способ штамповки изделий из высокопрочного чугуна |
| EP4175786A1 (en) * | 2020-07-02 | 2023-05-10 | Oerlikon Surface Solutions AG, Pfäffikon | Method to produce high corrosion and wear resistant cast iron components by using laser cladding |
| CN114016017B (zh) * | 2021-10-28 | 2022-10-04 | 山东大学 | 一种铸铁表面激光熔覆铜合金的方法及防爆叶轮表面结构 |
| CN116005149A (zh) * | 2022-12-02 | 2023-04-25 | 西北工业大学 | 一种动车牵引电机机座损伤部位的激光修复方法 |
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- 2007-07-05 EP EP07790669A patent/EP2036655B1/en not_active Ceased
- 2007-07-05 US US12/084,055 patent/US8302305B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-07-05 CN CN2007800012149A patent/CN101356039B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-07-05 WO PCT/JP2007/063865 patent/WO2008004708A1/ja not_active Ceased
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2022058785A1 (en) | 2020-09-16 | 2022-03-24 | Nuformix Technologies Limited | Olaparib oxalic acid cocrystals and their pharmaceutical use |
| WO2023084311A1 (en) | 2021-11-10 | 2023-05-19 | Nuformix Technologies Limited | Olaparib hydroxybenzoic acid cocrystals and their pharmaceutical use |
| EP4682140A1 (en) | 2024-07-17 | 2026-01-21 | F.I.S.- Fabbrica Italiana Sintetici S.p.A. | Improved process for the preparation of olaparib |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP4802895B2 (ja) | 2011-10-26 |
| US8302305B2 (en) | 2012-11-06 |
| KR100995786B1 (ko) | 2010-11-22 |
| JP2008012564A (ja) | 2008-01-24 |
| US20090151163A1 (en) | 2009-06-18 |
| KR20080063379A (ko) | 2008-07-03 |
| EP2036655A4 (en) | 2009-11-04 |
| EP2036655B1 (en) | 2013-03-27 |
| CN101356039A (zh) | 2009-01-28 |
| CN101356039B (zh) | 2012-08-08 |
| EP2036655A1 (en) | 2009-03-18 |
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