WO2008012079A1 - Cellule solaire organique - Google Patents

Cellule solaire organique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008012079A1
WO2008012079A1 PCT/EP2007/006596 EP2007006596W WO2008012079A1 WO 2008012079 A1 WO2008012079 A1 WO 2008012079A1 EP 2007006596 W EP2007006596 W EP 2007006596W WO 2008012079 A1 WO2008012079 A1 WO 2008012079A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
solar cell
layer
light
cell according
organic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2007/006596
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Ulrich Schindler
Achim Hansen
Andreas Schilling
Michael Heilmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Leonhard Kurz Stiftung and Co KG
Original Assignee
Leonhard Kurz Stiftung and Co KG
Leonhard Kurz GmbH and Co KG
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE102006035293A external-priority patent/DE102006035293B4/de
Priority claimed from DE102007005090A external-priority patent/DE102007005090A1/de
Application filed by Leonhard Kurz Stiftung and Co KG, Leonhard Kurz GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Leonhard Kurz Stiftung and Co KG
Publication of WO2008012079A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008012079A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K30/00—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation
    • H10K30/30—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation comprising bulk heterojunctions, e.g. interpenetrating networks of donor and acceptor material domains
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y10/00—Nanotechnology for information processing, storage or transmission, e.g. quantum computing or single electron logic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K30/00—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation
    • H10K30/80—Constructional details
    • H10K30/87—Light-trapping means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K30/00—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation
    • H10K30/50—Photovoltaic [PV] devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10K85/10—Organic polymers or oligomers
    • H10K85/111—Organic polymers or oligomers comprising aromatic, heteroaromatic, or aryl chains, e.g. polyaniline, polyphenylene or polyphenylene vinylene
    • H10K85/113—Heteroaromatic compounds comprising sulfur or selene, e.g. polythiophene
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10K85/20—Carbon compounds, e.g. carbon nanotubes or fullerenes
    • H10K85/211—Fullerenes, e.g. C60
    • H10K85/215—Fullerenes, e.g. C60 comprising substituents, e.g. PCBM
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an organic solar cell comprising at least three functional layers, wherein a first functional layer in the form of at least one electrically conductive first electrode layer, a second functional layer in the form of at least one organic semiconductor layer and a third functional layer in the form of at least one translucent, in particular transparent, electrically conductive second Electrode layer is formed, wherein the at least one organic semiconductor layer is photovoltaic active and is disposed between the at least one first electrode layer and the at least one second electrode layer.
  • An organic component is generally understood to be one which has at least one functional layer which is based at least partially on an organic material.
  • a functional layer is in particular an electrically conductive layer, a semiconductor layer, an electrically insulating layer or a substrate.
  • organic materials all kinds of organic, organometallic and / or inorganic plastics are referred to, wherein a restriction to a carbonaceous material is not provided. Rather, silicones, polymers or oligomers as well as the so-called "small molecules" are included.
  • DE 102004045211 A1 describes a flexible film body comprising an organic solar cell, which in the simplest case comprises a layer conjugated polymer which is disposed between a transparent electrode layer and a metallic electrode layer.
  • an organic solar cell which in the simplest case comprises a layer conjugated polymer which is disposed between a transparent electrode layer and a metallic electrode layer.
  • the solar cell optionally of an optically variable element such as a Kinegram ® covered.
  • organic solar cells have an efficiency of about 3 to 5%, which is far below the efficiencies already achieved with silicon-based solar cells.
  • the task is for the solar cell, comprising at least three
  • Functional layers wherein a first functional layer in the form of at least one electrically conductive first electrode layer, a second functional layer in the form of at least one organic semiconductor layer and a third functional layer in the form of at least one transparent, in particular transparent, electrically conductive second electrode layer is formed, wherein the at least one organic semiconductor layer is photovoltaically active and is arranged between the at least one first electrode layer and the at least one second electrode layer, in which the solar cell has at least one light-transmitting, in particular transparent, organic functional layer which increases the efficiency of the solar cell and comprises light-scattering and / or luminescent particles Seen perpendicular to the at least one semiconductor layer are arranged overlapping with and / or next to this, and / or at least one of the efficiency of the solar cell enhancing translucent, in particular transparent, organic or inorganic functional layer having a refractive index, which is between the refractive index of air and the refractive index of the second electrode layer, wherein the at least one organic or inorganic functional layer on the at least A
  • an organic functional layer with light-scattering particles scatter and / or direct the incident light.
  • the light is thereby deflected in one or more directions, so that the light travels on the one hand in the active layer of the solar cell or the at least one organic semiconductor layer a longer distance than would be the case without the particles.
  • the light beams which have already been deflected impinge, if appropriate, on further particles which scatter the light again, so that an exit of the light or of parts of the light from the active layer can be completely prevented in the most favorable case.
  • Light scattering particles that are perpendicular to at least one semiconductor layer seen next to this or are not overlapped with this, serve the light that would have missed the active layer and would have remained unused, redirecting towards the active layer of the solar cell.
  • the light incident on and next to the solar cell is thus better utilized, thereby increasing the efficiency of the solar cell by up to 100%.
  • an organic functional layer with luminescent particles are excited by incident light of at least one wavelength and emit light of a different wavelength.
  • the luminescent particles are chosen so that the emitted wavelength can be better utilized or at least used by the active layer of the solar cell.
  • the light exciting the luminescent particles can in particular be light of a wavelength which can not be utilized or only poorly utilized by the active layer of the solar cell.
  • the light emitted by a luminescent particle light is radiated uniformly on all sides and is thus usable independent of direction. The light incident on and next to the solar cell is thus better utilized, thereby increasing the efficiency of the solar cell by up to 100%.
  • luminescent particles fluorescent particles or phosphorescent particles may be used, and a combination thereof may be used.
  • an organic or inorganic functional layer which has a refractive index which lies between the refractive index of air and the refractive index of the second electrode layer is arranged on the light incidence side of the solar cell, ie substantially in front of the second electrode layer, it is achieved that the reflection of the light is reduced when hitting the solar cell. There is more light crossing the interface Air and solar cell in the solar cell over than without this measure. Previously reflected at the interface light that has been diverted unused by the solar cell is now largely available for energy, the efficiency of the solar cell is increased by up to 20%.
  • Such organic or inorganic functional layers are preferably each formed in a layer thickness in the range from 15 to 300 nm.
  • Particularly suitable materials for forming functional layers are dielectric materials which are translucent, in particular transparent, in such a layer thickness, such as SiO 2 , ZnS, Al 2 O 3 , ZrO 2 , MgF 2 , Ca 2 O 3 , etc.
  • an organic or inorganic functional layer which has at least one first relief structure, which reduces a reflection of the light when hitting the solar cell, on the light incident side of the
  • Solar cell so be arranged substantially in front of the second electrode layer. More light passes through the interface between the air and the solar cell into the solar cell than without this measure. Previously reflected at the interface light that has been diverted unused by the solar cell is now largely available for energy, the efficiency of the solar cell is increased by up to 20%.
  • the at least one first relief structure is designed in the form of a matt structure.
  • Matt structures have on a microscopic scale fine relief structure elements that determine the scattering power and can only be described with statistical parameters such.
  • the at least one first relief structure is in the form of a periodic structure, in particular as a blazed grating, line structure, cross grating, linear or crossed sine grating, circular grating, lens structure or a combination of two or more of these structures.
  • the at least one first relief structure prefferably has a depth-to-width ratio of> 0.3 and in particular of> 1, since this generally results in an improved function, ie. a reduced reflection is achieved.
  • Depth is the distance between the highest and the lowest consecutive point of such a re-structure, that is, the distance between "mountain” and “valley”. Width is the distance between two adjacent highest points, ie between two "mountains.” The higher the depth-to-width ratio is, the steeper the "mountain flanks" are formed.
  • the first relief structure may be periodic relief structures or quasi-periodic relief structures having discretely distributed line-shaped regions formed only as a "valley", the distance between two “valleys” being many times greater than the depth of the valley
  • the calculated depth-to-width ratio of quasi-periodic relief structures can be approximately zero, so that in discretely arranged relief structures, which are essentially formed only from a "valley", the depth of the "valley” Width of the "valley” is to determine the depth-to-width ratio. It has proven useful if the at least one first periodic relief structure has a spatial frequency in the range of 300 to 4000 lines / mm.
  • printing media are preferably used which have at least one organic binder and to which light-scattering and / or luminescent particles are added or into which the first relief structures are embossed.
  • Organic or inorganic functional layers whose refractive index has to be set in a defined manner, are selected as a function of the refractive index of the materials used for the formation, with in particular up to three functional layers being stacked on top of one another.
  • Inorganic functional layers having a refractive index which is between that of air and that of the second electrode layer are in particular formed from magnesium fluoride or SiÜ 2 .
  • Organic materials for forming organic functional layers are preferably dissolved in an organic solvent or solvent mixture, a printing medium is prepared and this is preferably gravure printed.
  • a printing medium is prepared and this is preferably gravure printed.
  • flexographic printing, screen printing or a nozzle for structured application of the printing medium can be used.
  • the first electrode layer is preferably formed of a metal, in particular of gold, silver, copper, aluminum, nickel or alloys of at least two of these metals and may, depending on the layer thickness, opaque or translucent, in particular also transparent, be formed. It has proven useful if the second electrode layer is formed from indium tin oxide (ITO). This is usually deposited by sputtering. But also doped polyethylene, polyaniline, silver, gold, organic semiconductors, nanoparticulate solutions and so on are usable. A second electrode layer of a material with inherent color, such as gold, is formed in particular in a small layer thickness or as a lattice structure in order to be sufficiently transparent.
  • ITO indium tin oxide
  • a hole blocker layer in particular of TiO 2
  • a layer is sometimes arranged which assumes the function of an electron blocker layer.
  • electrically conductive polymer in particular poly-3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT), has proven.
  • the at least one photovoltaically active organic semiconductor layer preferably has a layer thickness in the range from 50 to 300 nm, in particular in the range from 100 to 250 nm. It has proven particularly useful if the at least one organic semiconductor layer is formed by at least two organic semiconductor materials by forming a composite of at least one electron donor and at least one electron acceptor in a ratio of 2: 0.5 to 0.5: 2 , in particular in the ratio of 1: 0.9 to 1: 1, is formed. In this case, it is particularly preferred if the at least one electron donor is formed from a polythiophene, in particular from poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), and the at least one electron acceptor is formed from a fullerene derivative, in particular from PCBM.
  • P3HT poly (3-hexylthiophene)
  • a solar cell not only one of the "single junction" type having a photovoltaic active semiconductor layer made of a material but also a “multi-junction" solar cell having two or more photovoltaically active semiconductor layers made of different materials can be used wherein the different materials can utilize different wavelengths of incident light.
  • the solar cell optionally has a transparent substrate, at least one second electrode layer, at least one light-transmissive photovoltaically active organic semiconductor layer, at least one, optionally transparent, first electrode layer and an encapsulation layer.
  • Other layers such as the blocker layers already mentioned above, may be present.
  • the encapsulation layer serves to shield the functional layers of the solar cell from harmful ones
  • the solar cell has at least two functional layers which increase the efficiency of the solar cell. This ensures that the efficiency of the solar cell is further increased.
  • a plurality of organic functional layers comprising particles according to case a) may be present or one or more organic functional layers containing particles according to case a) with functional layers having a defined refractive index and / or first relief structure according to case b) are used in combination.
  • a plurality of functional layers having a defined refractive index and / or a first relief structure can be produced according to case b) be used in combination
  • the first electrode layer is transparent, in particular transparent, is formed.
  • the formation of a substantially transparent or transparent solar cell is possible, which can be applied for example on a window, label, security element, a lettering or the like, after the organic semiconductor layer is usually translucent or transparent.
  • a first electrode layer of a material with inherent color, such as gold, is formed in particular in a small layer thickness or as a lattice structure in order to be sufficiently transparent.
  • the solar cell has at least one functional layer which has at least one diffractive and / or refractive second relief structure which, viewed at right angles to the plane of the semiconductor layer, overlaps and / or next to the semiconductor layer, in particular on the side of the semiconductor layer facing away from the semiconductor layer first electrode layer is arranged.
  • the second relief structure makes it possible to deflect, focus or reflect light in a targeted manner in the direction of the active layer or at least one organic semiconductor layer or in areas thereof, thus resulting in a further increase in the efficiency of the solar cell.
  • the second relief structure can also serve only decorative purposes, for example, to produce an optically variable element, such as a hologram or Kinegram ® .
  • a combination of light-guiding second relief structures and second relief structures serving for decorative purposes is also possible.
  • the at least one second relief structure in the form of a matt structure, an asymmetric relief structure, a linear one or crossed linear grating, a diffractive or refractive lens structure or a combination of at least two such structures is formed.
  • Such relief structures are particularly well suited to scattering, collecting, focusing or distracting light incident thereon.
  • Functional layers with second relief structures can, depending on the arrangement, be made translucent or opaque with regard to the incidence of light in the solar cell.
  • At least one opaque reflective functional layer having at least one second relief structure may be arranged on the side of a light-permeable first electrode layer facing away from the at least one semiconductor layer and / or a light-permeable functional layer having at least one second relief structure on the side of the light-permeable second side facing away from the at least one semiconductor layer Electrode layer be arranged.
  • the light-scattering and / or luminescent particles have a maximum particle size in the range from 5 nm to 10 ⁇ m. Since the layer thicknesses of the individual functional layers of an organic solar cell are usually each in the range below 1 ⁇ m, such small particles can readily be incorporated into a functional layer.
  • the light-scattering particles are transparent or semitransparent, in particular made of an oxide, a sulfide, a carbide or a nitride.
  • Particles of SiO 2 or ZnS have proved to be particularly suitable. Particles of this type allow incident light to pass through, at least in part, so that the light distribution is improved compared to light-impermeable particles.
  • Fluorescent particles are available, for example under the name -Lumogen ®.
  • Lumogen ® Yellow S 0790 for example, does not scatter light and causes a displacement of wavelengths 300 to 500 nm in a range of 500 to 650 nm.
  • the light-scattering and / or luminescent particles preferably have a rod, platelet or spherical shape.
  • rod-shaped or platelet-shaped particles can be present in a specific spatial orientation or disordered in the organic functional layer. Furthermore, it has proven useful if the at least one organic
  • Functional layer has a mixture of light-scattering and / or luminescent particles of different shapes.
  • light-scattering and / or luminescent particles are contained in the range from 0.1 to 10% by weight in the at least one organic functional layer. Less, but also more particles lead to a reduction in the efficiency of the solar cell.
  • the light-scattering and / or luminescent particles are selectively formed for a wavelength of the electromagnetic spectrum.
  • the at least one organic functional layer has light-scattering and / or luminescent particles which are selectively formed for at least two different wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum.
  • the light-scattering particles are also designed to be luminescent, and to convert a wavelength of the electromagnetic spectrum into another wavelength.
  • wavelengths which can be exploited only slightly by the solar cell can be converted into wavelengths which can be better utilized.
  • the at least one organic functional layer has light-scattering particles which are of different fluorescence and / or phosphorescent design.
  • the light-scattering and / or luminescent particles can be distributed uniformly in the at least one organic functional layer.
  • it can also offer advantages if the light-scattering and / or luminescent particles are distributed unevenly over an area and / or a layer thickness of the at least one organic functional layer. For example, it has proven useful if more light-scattering and / or luminescent particles are arranged in the edge region of the functional layers of the solar cell than in the middle of the solar cell
  • the at least one organic functional layer comprising the light-scattering and / or luminescent particles corresponds to the at least one semiconductor layer.
  • the light-scattering and / or luminescent particles are thus used distributed in the material of the at least one semiconductor layer. The distribution of the particles takes place in particular uniformly within the at least one photovoltaically active semiconductor layer.
  • the at least one organic functional layer containing the light-scattering and / or luminescent particles on the at least one semiconductor layer remote side of the second electrode layer is arranged.
  • the distribution of the particles in the at least one organic functional layer takes place here either uniformly or only partially.
  • a translucent, in particular transparent, spacer layer may be arranged between the functional layer containing the light-scattering and / or luminescent particles and the second electrode layer in order to change the path to be traced for the incident light, finally finally into the active layer or the at least one semiconductor layer couple.
  • a translucent, in particular transparent substrate can also be used.
  • the at least one organic functional layer containing the light-scattering and / or luminescent particles can also be provided on the side of the first side facing away from the at least one semiconductor layer
  • Be disposed electrode layer provided that it is transparent, in particular transparent.
  • the distribution of the particles in the at least one organic functional layer also takes place here either uniformly or only partially.
  • a translucent, in particular transparent spacer layer can be arranged between the functional layer containing the light-scattering and / or luminescent particles and the first electrode layer in order to change the path to be traced for the incident light, finally finally into the active layer or the at least one semiconductor layer couple.
  • a translucent, in particular transparent substrate can also be used.
  • the at least one organic functional layer having a refractive index that is between the refractive index of air and the refractive index the transparent electrically conductive second electrode layer is located on the, the at least one semiconductor layer facing away from the second electrode layer.
  • at least two transparent organic functional layers each having a refractive index which lies between the refractive index of air and the refractive index of the second electrode layer are present, the at least two transparent organic functional layers having a different refractive index and are stacked on the second electrode layer such that the refractive index of the at least two transparent organic functional layers decreases starting from the second electrode layer.
  • the arrangement of at least one organic functional layer with a correspondingly defined refractive index on the second electrode layer has the effect of reducing reflection of the incident light at the air-solar cell interface and further increasing the efficiency of the solar cell. If light also impinges on the solar cell on the side of the first electrode layer and if it is translucent, it is of course also possible for at least one such organic functional layer, which has a refractive index, between the refractive index of air and the refractive index of the transparent electrically conductive first electrode layer lies, be arranged.
  • the solar cell further comprises a light-transmitting, in particular transparent substrate.
  • a substrate has a thickness in the range of 6 ⁇ m to 1 mm, in particular in the range of 12 ⁇ m to 150 ⁇ m.
  • Suitable substrate materials are generally inorganic or organic materials, in particular PET, PEN, PVC or glass.
  • the functional layers of the solar cell can be readily applied in a continuous process, the active layer in particular in a printing process.
  • the substrate is used in particular as an elongated, flexible film strip, which can be transported from roll to roll, so that a large number of solar cells can be formed thereon.
  • the elongated film strip is provided wound onto a supply roll, deducted from this, successively formed the individual functional layers of the solar cells and finally the film strip including a plurality of formed thereon, optionally electrically interconnected solar cells wound on another supply roll. This can be a separation of solar cells and / or
  • Solar cell groups in particular by cutting or punching, connect or other process steps are made, such as a thermal, chemical or mechanical treatment, a coating, irradiation, etc.
  • the at least one organic semiconductor layer comprises the light-scattering and / or luminescent particles and / or if the at least one transparent organic functional layer containing the light-scattering and / or luminescent particles between the optionally present
  • Substrate and the at least one second electrode layer is arranged. If a translucent, in particular transparent substrate is present, it is also advantageous if the at least one transparent organic functional layer containing the light-scattering and / or luminescent particles on the, the second electrode layer facing away from the substrate is arranged. Furthermore, it has proven useful if the at least one transparent organic functional layer containing the light-scattering and / or luminescent particles is arranged between the at least one transparent first electrode layer and the encapsulation layer.
  • a transparent, in particular transparent substrate is present and at least three transparent functional layers with different refractive indices are arranged on the side of the substrate facing away from the second electrode layer.
  • the refractive index of the substrate must be taken into account when selecting the functional layers.
  • a translucent, in particular transparent substrate is present and at least one transparent organic functional layer, which has first and / or second relief structures, is arranged on the side of the substrate facing away from the second electrode layer.
  • At least one reflective functional layer which has the at least one second relief structure, on the side of the light-permeable first electrode layer facing away from the at least one semiconductor layer and directly to the
  • Encapsulation layer is disposed adjacent.
  • the reflective functional layer is, in particular, an opaque metallic layer, but the use of transparent, high-index dielectric layers, known as HRI layers, has also proved successful. in particular, if the solar cell as a whole is to be made transparent.
  • FIG. 1 to 9 are intended to exemplify solar cells according to the invention. So shows:
  • FIG. 1 shows a first solar cell in cross-section, which has a semiconductor layer containing particles
  • FIG. 2 shows a second solar cell in cross section, which contains an organic functional layer containing particles on the second
  • FIG. 3 shows a third solar cell in cross-section, which has an organic functional layer containing particles on a transparent substrate
  • FIG. 4 shows a fourth solar cell in cross-section, which has an organic functional layer containing particles on a transparent first electrode layer formed
  • Figure 5 shows a fifth solar cell in cross-section, which three
  • 6 shows a sixth solar cell in cross section, which three
  • Figure 7 is a seventh solar cell in cross section, which three organic compounds
  • FIG. 8 shows an eighth solar cell in cross section, which is a
  • Functional layer having a defined refractive index and two organic functional layers containing particles of different shape and distribution;
  • FIG. 9 shows a ninth solar cell in cross section, which is a
  • Functional layer having a defined refractive index
  • an organic functional layer having second relief structures and two organic functional layers containing particles of different shape and distribution.
  • first solar cell in cross section, which comprises a first electrode layer 1 made of gold, an active layer containing at least one organic functional layer in the form of a photovoltaically active organic semiconductor layer 2 of a composite of P3HT and PCBM in the ratio 1: 1, and a second electrode layer 3 indium tin oxide (ITO) has.
  • the first electrode layer 1 is opaque and formed by cathode sputtering in a layer thickness of 25 nm.
  • the semiconductor layer 2 is printed formed and has a layer thickness of 200 nm.
  • the semiconductor layer 2 has 1% by weight of light-scattering particles 4 a which have a maximum diameter of 100 nm and which are distributed uniformly in the semiconductor layer 2.
  • the second electrode layer 3 is transparent and formed by sputtering in a layer thickness of 10 nm.
  • the functional layers 1, 2, 3 of the solar cell are located on a transparent substrate 10 made of PET with a layer thickness of 12 microns and are protected with an encapsulation layer 11 made of a tantalum-coated PET film from harmful environmental influences.
  • the light incidence occurs in the first solar cell according to FIG. 1 from the side of the transparent substrate 10 and the second electrode layer 3.
  • the light penetrates through the substrate 10 and the second electrode layer 3 and reaches the active layer comprising the semiconductor layer 2.
  • At the light-scattering particles 4 a Light scattered and optimally distributed in the semiconductor layer 2.
  • FIG. 2 shows a second solar cell in cross section, which is constructed similarly to the first solar cell according to FIG. 1 (identical reference symbols designate the same components) and a first electrode layer 1 made of gold, a photovoltaically active layer containing at least one organic functional layer in the form of an organic semiconductor layer 2 a composite of P3HT and PCBM in a ratio of 1: 1, and a second electrode layer 3 of indium tin oxide (ITO).
  • the semiconductor layer 2 contains no light-scattering particles, but an organic functional layer 5b made of a transparent lacquer is provided on the second electrode layer 3, which contains light-scattering particles 4a.
  • the organic functional layer 5b has 1% by weight of light-scattering particles 4a which have a maximum diameter of 100 nm and which are uniformly distributed in the organic functional layer 5b.
  • the incidence of light takes place in the second solar cell according to Figure 2 also from The light penetrates the substrate 10, the organic functional layer 5b and the second electrode layer 3 and reaches the active layer comprising the semiconductor layer 2.
  • the light is scattered and optimally distributed at the light-scattering particles 4a in the organic functional layer 5b.
  • FIG. 3 shows a third solar cell in cross section, which is constructed similarly to the second solar cell according to FIG. 2 (identical reference symbols designate the same components) and an opaque first electrode layer 1 made of gold, a photovoltaically active layer containing at least one organic
  • Functional layer in the form of a semiconductor layer 2 made of a composite of P3HT and PCBM in the ratio 1: 1, and a transparent second electrode layer 3 of indium tin oxide (ITO).
  • An organic functional layer 5 made of a transparent lacquer is provided on the side of the substrate 10 facing away from the second electrode layer 3, which contains light-scattering particles 4a.
  • the organic functional layer 5 has 1% by weight of light-scattering particles 4 a which have a maximum diameter of 100 nm and which are uniformly distributed in the organic functional layer 5.
  • the light is also incident on the side of the transparent substrate 10 in the case of the third solar cell according to FIG. 3. The light penetrates the organic functional layer 5, resulting in optimum scattering on the light-scattering particles 4a, the substrate 10 and the second electrode layer 3 and reaches the active layer comprising the semiconductor layer 2.
  • FIG. 4 shows a fourth solar cell in cross section, which is constructed similarly to the second solar cell according to FIG. 2 (identical reference symbols designate the same components) and a first electrode layer 1 made of gold, a photovoltaically active layer containing at least one organic layer Functional layer in the form of an organic semiconductor layer 2 made of a composite of P3HT and PCBM in the ratio 1: 1, and a transparent second electrode layer 3 of indium tin oxide (ITO).
  • the first electrode layer 1 is designed to be transparent in a layer thickness of 8 nm.
  • An organic functional layer 5a made of a transparent lacquer is provided on the first electrode layer 1, which contains light-scattering particles 4a.
  • the organic functional layer 5a has a layer thickness of 100 nm and contains 1% by weight of light-scattering particles 4a which have a maximum diameter of 100 nm and are uniformly distributed in the organic functional layer 5a. 4, the light penetrates the substrate 10, the second electrode layer 3 and reaches the active layer comprising the semiconductor layer 2 pass through to the first electrode layer 1, are substantially transmitted by this, so that the remaining light is scattered at the light-scattering particles 4a of the organic functional layer 5a and thrown back into the semiconductor layer 2, so that a further utilization of these light components can take place.
  • FIG. 5 shows a fifth solar cell in cross section, which is constructed similarly to the third solar cell according to FIG. 3 (identical reference symbols designate identical components) and an opaque first electrode layer 1 made of gold, a photovoltaically active layer containing at least one organic functional layer in the form of an organic semiconductor layer 2 from a composite of P3HT and PCBM in a ratio of 1: 1, as well as a transparent second electrode layer 3 made of indium tin oxide (ITO).
  • ITO indium tin oxide
  • An inorganic functional layer 6 is formed here from magnesium fluoride and has a refractive index ni which lies between the refractive index ⁇ L of air and the refractive index ⁇ E2 of the second electrode layer 3.
  • An organic functional layer 7 is formed from a polymer and has a refractive index n 2 which lies between the refractive index ni of the functional layer 6 and the refractive index ⁇ E2 of the second electrode layer 3.
  • Another organic functional layer 8 is formed from a further polymer and has a refractive index n 3 , which lies between the refractive index n 2 of the functional layer 7 and the refractive index ⁇ E2 of the second electrode layer 3.
  • FIG. 6 shows a sixth solar cell in cross section, which has a construction combined according to FIG. 1 and FIG. According to the fifth solar cell, see FIG. 5, three functional layers 6, 7, 8 with different refractive indices are arranged on the transparent substrate 10, however, according to the first solar cell, see FIG. 1, a semiconductor layer 2 comprising refractive particles 4a is formed.
  • FIG. 7 shows a seventh solar cell in cross section, which has a transparent first electrode layer 1 made of gold, an active layer comprising at least one organic functional layer in the form of a photovoltaically active organic semiconductor layer 2 of a composite of P3HT and PCBM in a ratio of 1: 1, and a transparent second electrode layer 3 of indium tin oxide (ITO) has.
  • an organic functional layer 5a containing first refractive, fluorescent particles 4a which are uniformly distributed.
  • the semiconductor layer 2 has, to the first light-scattering, fluorescent particles 4 a different, spherical second light-scattering phosphorescent particles 4 c, which have a maximum diameter of 15 nm and which are distributed unevenly in the semiconductor layer 2 or present only in their edge regions.
  • a further organic functional layer 5b containing first light-scattering particles 4a as well as different third light-diffusing particles 4b.
  • the first light-scattering particles 4a are arranged in a region above the second electrode layer 3, while the third light-scattering particles 4b are located only in an edge region of the further functional layer 5b, which is located next to the second electrode layer 3.
  • the Concentration of the third particles 4b in the edge region selected to be greater than the concentration of the first particles 4a in the region above the second electrode layer 3.
  • the third particles 4b are platelet-shaped and arranged in parallel spatial orientation.
  • the light incidence occurs in the seventh solar cell according to FIG. 7 from the side of the transparent substrate 10 and the second electrode layer 3.
  • the light penetrates the substrate 10, the further organic functional layer 5 b, the second electrode layer 3 and reaches the active layer comprising the semiconductor layer 2 the first light-scattering particles 4a of the further organic functional layer 5b, the light is scattered and optimally distributed.
  • the third light-scattering particles 4b of the further organic functional layer 5b the light is deflected in the direction of the semiconductor layer 2.
  • the second light-diffusing particles 4c in the edge region of the semiconductor layer 2 prevent a coupling out of the light from the
  • the first light-diffusing particles 4 a in the organic functional layer 5 a scatter light passing through the first electrode layer 1 and throw it back toward the semiconductor layer 2.
  • FIG. 8 shows an eighth solar cell in cross section, which has a similar construction to the seventh solar cell according to FIG. 7.
  • the organic functional layer 5 a has been omitted and instead a functional layer 6 with a defined refractive index n 1? which is between the refractive index ⁇ L of air and the refractive index n s of the substrate 10, and wherein the refractive index n s of the substrate 10 is between the refractive index of the functional layer 6 and the refractive index ng 2 of the second electrode layer 3, disposed on the substrate 10.
  • Figure 9 shows a ninth solar cell in cross-section, which has a similar structure, as the seventh solar cell according to Figure 7.
  • the organic functional layer has also been omitted 5a and instead a transparent functional layer 7 of magnesium fluoride with a defined refractive index n 2 arranged between the refractive index n L of air and the refractive index n s of the substrate 10 of PET having a refractive index n s of about 1, 6, which in turn is greater than the refractive index n E2 of the second electrode layer 3.
  • a transparent organic functional layer 9 is between the substrate 10 and the functional layer 7 with the refractive index n 2 in the form of a
  • Lacquer layer arranged, which is stamped on its side facing away from the substrate 10 with a second relief structure 9a in the form of a sawtooth structure.
  • the second structure Re 9a is located in the edge region above and next to the active layer of the solar cell, so that light from this area can be deflected to the semiconductor layer 2.
  • Relief structures in a simple manner, the most varied variations of an efficient single junction or multi-junction solar cell can be formed, which are not explicitly shown in Figures 1 to 9.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Nanotechnology (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
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Abstract

L'invention concerne une cellule solaire organique. La cellule solaire organique selon l'invention présente au moins une couche fonctionnelle organique, translucide, notamment transparente, augmentant l'efficacité de la cellule solaire et comprenant des particules diffusantes et/ou luminescentes et/ou elle présente au moins une couche fonctionnelle organique ou inorganique, translucide, notamment transparente, augmentant l'efficacité de la cellule solaire, qui présente un indice de réfraction compris entre l'indice de réfraction de l'air et l'indice de réfraction d'une couche électrode translucide de la cellule solaire et/ou qui présente au moins une première structure en relief diminuant la réflexion.
PCT/EP2007/006596 2006-07-26 2007-07-25 Cellule solaire organique Ceased WO2008012079A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102006035293.9 2006-07-26
DE102006035293A DE102006035293B4 (de) 2006-07-26 2006-07-26 Verfahren zur Herstellung eines organischen elektrischen Bauelements
DE102007005090.0 2007-02-01
DE102007005090A DE102007005090A1 (de) 2007-02-01 2007-02-01 Organische Solarzelle

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WO2008012079A1 true WO2008012079A1 (fr) 2008-01-31

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US8772629B2 (en) 2006-05-01 2014-07-08 Wake Forest University Fiber photovoltaic devices and applications thereof
US9105848B2 (en) 2006-08-07 2015-08-11 Wake Forest University Composite organic materials and applications thereof
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WO2020155628A1 (fr) * 2019-01-31 2020-08-06 光之科技发展(昆山)有限公司 Matériau de construction pour la production d'énergie et son procédé de fabrication

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Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8558105B2 (en) 2006-05-01 2013-10-15 Wake Forest University Organic optoelectronic devices and applications thereof
US8772629B2 (en) 2006-05-01 2014-07-08 Wake Forest University Fiber photovoltaic devices and applications thereof
US9105848B2 (en) 2006-08-07 2015-08-11 Wake Forest University Composite organic materials and applications thereof
WO2009120330A3 (fr) * 2008-03-25 2010-09-16 Corning Incorporated Substrats pour photovoltaïques
EP2340565A4 (fr) * 2008-05-25 2012-04-18 3Gsolar Photovoltaics Ltd Amélioration optique pour dispositifs solaires
WO2009143561A1 (fr) 2008-05-25 2009-12-03 3Gsolar Ltd Amélioration optique pour dispositifs solaires
CN102280587A (zh) * 2010-12-31 2011-12-14 友达光电股份有限公司 堆叠式太阳能电池模块
CN109801989A (zh) * 2019-01-31 2019-05-24 光之科技发展(昆山)有限公司 一种发电建材及其制备方法
CN109860316A (zh) * 2019-01-31 2019-06-07 光之科技发展(昆山)有限公司 一种采用光学调控层的发电板及其制备方法
CN109888048A (zh) * 2019-01-31 2019-06-14 光之科技发展(昆山)有限公司 一种具备建材外观的发电板及其制备方法
CN109904244A (zh) * 2019-01-31 2019-06-18 光之科技发展(昆山)有限公司 一种光伏建材及其制备方法
WO2020155628A1 (fr) * 2019-01-31 2020-08-06 光之科技发展(昆山)有限公司 Matériau de construction pour la production d'énergie et son procédé de fabrication
CN109860316B (zh) * 2019-01-31 2020-11-03 光之科技发展(昆山)有限公司 一种采用光学调控层的发电板及其制备方法
CN109904244B (zh) * 2019-01-31 2020-11-03 光之科技发展(昆山)有限公司 一种光伏建材及其制备方法
US12237803B2 (en) 2019-01-31 2025-02-25 Photon Technology (Kunshan) Co., Ltd Power-generating building materials and preparation process thereof

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