WO2008045033A2 - Frein d'ascenseur - Google Patents

Frein d'ascenseur Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2008045033A2
WO2008045033A2 PCT/US2006/039015 US2006039015W WO2008045033A2 WO 2008045033 A2 WO2008045033 A2 WO 2008045033A2 US 2006039015 W US2006039015 W US 2006039015W WO 2008045033 A2 WO2008045033 A2 WO 2008045033A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
brake
bias
spring
force
magnetic force
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2006/039015
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Sean W. O'brien
David J. Lanessey
Frank M. Sansevero
Juan A. Illan
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Otis Elevator Co
Original Assignee
Otis Elevator Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Otis Elevator Co filed Critical Otis Elevator Co
Priority to PCT/US2006/039015 priority Critical patent/WO2008045033A2/fr
Publication of WO2008045033A2 publication Critical patent/WO2008045033A2/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B5/00—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2121/00—Type of actuator operation force
    • F16D2121/18—Electric or magnetic
    • F16D2121/20—Electric or magnetic using electromagnets
    • F16D2121/22—Electric or magnetic using electromagnets for releasing a normally applied brake
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2127/00—Auxiliary mechanisms
    • F16D2127/007—Auxiliary mechanisms for non-linear operation

Definitions

  • This invention generally relates to elevator systems and, more particularly, to elevator machine brakes.
  • Traction elevator systems include some form of load bearing member, such as roping or a belt, for supporting and moving the cab through the hoistway as desired.
  • the load bearing member couples a counterweight to the cab.
  • a machine moves the load bearing member to move the cab through the hoistway.
  • the elevator machine includes a machine shaft rotationally driven by a motor and a sheave that rotates with the machine shaft.
  • the ropes or belts are driven by rotation of the sheave in one direction to lower the cab and in the opposite direction to raise the cab.
  • the machine includes a brake, such as a disk brake in which an armature engages a rotor flange that rotates with the machine shaft to hold the machine shaft and sheave when the cab is at a selected landing.
  • a brake such as a disk brake in which an armature engages a rotor flange that rotates with the machine shaft to hold the machine shaft and sheave when the cab is at a selected landing.
  • the brake is activated to disengage the flange and allow movement of the cab or deactivated to engage the flange and prevent cab movement.
  • the brake often produces noise as it engages and disengages the flange.
  • EP 0 953 786 A2 discloses a brake that provides redundant braking by using an armature divided in a peripheral direction into two armature halves. The armature halves are guided independently of each other such that if one armature half fails to clamp the flange, the other armature half still permits braking force to be applied to the flange.
  • m WO 03/062115 Al also discloses a split armature brake that includes two separate electromagnets that each actuate one of the armature plates away from a rotor. Although effective and necessary in some jurisdictions, using two electromagnets adds expense and complexity to the elevator machine. [8] German Utility Model No.
  • G8519223.6U1 discloses a split armature brake for a vehicle, forklift, or electric car that provides load-dependent braking.
  • the split armature brake includes a non-magnetic interference medium between a magnet and one of two separate armature plates to shield the armature plate from the magnetic field.
  • the interference medium reduces the magnetic flux to the shielded armature plate such that a given magnetic field lifts the other armature plate off of the rotor but not the shielded armature plate.
  • Increasing the magnetic field then lifts the shielded armature plate off of the rotor.
  • one or both of the armature plates engage the rotor to provide a mid-level braking moment (one plate) or full braking moment (both plates).
  • United States Patent No. 6,675,939 also illustrates a redundant brake, which includes split armature plates and a coil that provides a magnetic force to lift the plates off of the rotor. O-rings between the armature plates and a housing that contains the coil cushion impact between the plates and the housing to reduce noise. The o-rings add expense, complexity and a potential failure mechanism to the brake.
  • One example elevator machine brake includes first and second brake members that are each movable between a brake-applying position and a released position. At least one first bias member associated with the first brake member provides a first bias force that biases the first brake member toward the brake-applying position. At least one second bias member associated with the second brake member provides a second bias force that is different than the first bias force and biases the brake member toward the brake-applying position.
  • One example elevator machine brake includes an electromagnet that when actuated provides a magnetic force that holds the first brake member and the second brake member in the released position and that when deactuated the magnetic force decays such that the first bias force overcomes the decaying magnetic force to move the first brake member toward the brake-applying position before the second bias force overcomes the decaying magnetic force to move the second brake member toward the brake-applying position
  • One example method for providing redundant braking of an elevator machine brake includes applying biasing a first brake member toward a brake-applying position with a first bias force, and biasing a second brake member toward the brake-applying position with a second, lesser bias force.
  • Figure 1 illustrates selected portions of an example elevator machine brake having a split armature according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 illustrates armature plates of the split armature according to the section 2-2 shown in Figure 1.
  • Figure 3 illustrates an example wherein both of the armature plates are disengaged from the rotor.
  • Figure 4 illustrates one of the armature plates in engagement with a rotor within the elevator machine brake and the other armature plate disengaged from the rotor.
  • FIGS 1 and 2 illustrate selected portions of an elevator machine brake 10 according to an embodiment of the invention, such as might be used in a geared or gearless elevator machine.
  • the brake 10 includes a fixed braking member 12 and a rotor 14 that rotates with a machine shaft 15 and sheave (not shown) in a known manner.
  • the rotor 14 includes a hub 16 and a flange 17 that rotate with the shaft 15 about an axis A.
  • the brake 10 includes a split armature 18 having a first armature plate 20a and a distinct, separate armature plate 20b for redundant braking.
  • each of the armature plates 20a and 20b includes a braking surface 22 that faces toward the rotor 14.
  • the rotor 14 includes a brake lining 24, or friction surface, on a side that faces toward the armature plates 20a and 20b and a brake lining 26 on the opposite side that faces toward the fixed braking member 12.
  • dowel pins 28 extend through each of the armature plates 20a and 20b to guide movement of the armature plates 20a and 20b along a direction of the axis A.
  • first bias members 30a bias the first armature plate 20a toward engagement with the brake lining 24 of the rotor 14.
  • Second bias members 30b likewise bias the second armature plate 20b toward engagement with the brake lining 24 independently of the first armature plate 20a.
  • the bias members 30a and 30b provide enough braking force to the respective armature plates 20a and 20b such that each can provide enough braking force to hold the elevator cab if the other becomes inoperable.
  • the biasing of the bias members 30a and 30b clamps the rotor 14 between the armature plates 20a and 30b and the fixed braking member 12 to resist rotation of the rotor 14 and shaft 15.
  • the first bias members 30a and the second bias members 30b are coil springs. Given this description, one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize other types of bias members to meet their particular needs.
  • the bias members 30a and 30b provide a default braking position wherein the armature plates 20a and 20b apply a braking force to resist rotation of the rotor 14.
  • An electromagnet 32 is selectively activated to magnetically attract the armature plates 20a and 20b to overcome the biasing forces and lift the armature plates 20a and 20b out of engagement with the rotor 14 to a released position.
  • the first bias members 30a provide a biasing force on the armature plate 20a that is greater than the biasing force provided by the second biasing members 30b on the second armature plate 20b.
  • the electromagnet 32 To move (e.g., lift) the armature plates 20a and 20b out of engagement with the brake lining 24 of the rotor 14, the electromagnet 32 must provide enough magnetic force to overcome the respective biasing forces provided by the first bias members 30a and the second bias members 30b.
  • the first biasing force and the second biasing force clamp the first armature plate 20a and the second armature plate 20b in engagement with the rotor 14 as is shown in Figure 1.
  • Figure 3 illustrates one example of the armature plates 20a and 20b in a released position.
  • the electromagnet 32 generates a magnetic force that is greater than the biasing forces of the first biasing members 30a and second biasing members 30b.
  • the electromagnet 32 is deactivated to apply a braking force on the rotor 14. Once deactivated, the magnetic force does not instantaneously disappear, but rather decays to zero over a very short time.
  • a diode is used to achieve the decay in magnetic force in a known manner.
  • the first biasing members 30a are able to overcome the magnetic force first. This moves the first armature plate 20a to the brake-applying position as shown in Figure 4.
  • the movement of the armature plates 20a and 20b into the brake-applying position occurs at slightly different times as a result of the difference in bias forces of the respective bias members 30a and 30b and the decaying magnetic field.
  • This provides the advantage of distributing noise that may be produced when the armature plates 20a and 20b engage the rotor 14 to reduce a peak noise level.
  • this is of particular benefit in a machine roomless elevator system, where the elevator machine brake 10 is mounted in the elevator hoistway and presents a greater potential to expose the elevator cab to noise from the elevator machine.
  • the elevator machine brake 10 is mounted in the elevator hoistway and presents a greater potential to expose the elevator cab to noise from the elevator machine.
  • the electromagnet 32 is activated. Once activated, the magnetic force strengthens over a very short time from zero to its operating state. Similar to the example above, an electronic device, such as a diode, is used to achieve the ramped strengthening of the magnetic force in a known manner.
  • the strengthening magnetic field functions similarly to the decaying magnetic field, but in the reverse. As the magnetic force increases, it first overcomes the weaker bias members 30b and lifts the second armature plate 20b, then it overcomes the stronger bias members 30a and lifts the first armature plate 20a. Similar to applying the braking force, the movement of the armature plates 20a and 20b into the released position occurs at slightly different times as a result of the difference in bias forces of the respective bias members 30a and 30b and the strengthening magnetic field.
  • the biasing forces provided by the bias members 30a and 30b are relatively close in magnitude such that there is an extremely short time between movement of the armature plates 20a and 20b.
  • the first bias members 30a provide a bias force that is greater by about 10% than the bias force of the second bias members 30b. This provides a relatively short time between movement of the armature plates 20a and 20b.
  • the bias members 30a and 30b can be tailored to provide a variety of different bias forces for a variety of desirable noise distribution needs.
  • the coil springs provide the difference in biasing forces in the disclosed example.
  • the springs of the first bias members 30a can have a wire diameter that is greater than the wire diameter of the springs of the second bias members 30b.
  • the springs may have a different coil diameter D 1 ( Figure 1), different configurations (e.g., coil and Belleville washer), different number of coils, be made of different materials, or have a combination of differences to achieve different spring constants that in turn provide different amount of biasing forces.
  • the springs have different initial compression distances L 1 in addition to or instead of the above examples to achieve the difference in bias forces.
  • the first armature plate 20a and the second armature plate 20b are relatively similar in shape and design.
  • the first armature plate includes three first bias members 30a and the second armature plate 20b includes three second bias members 30b.
  • the configuration of the first armature plate 20a and the second armature plate 20b is similar with respect to the location of the dowel pins 28 and radial location of the braking surfaces 22.
  • the similarity between the armature plates 20a and 20b reduces the overall complexity of the brake 10 and enhances manufacturing economies.
  • armature plate configuration is shown, the disclosed examples will apply with many different armature plate configurations than that shown.
  • the armature plates can be concentric rather than side-by-side.

Landscapes

  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)
  • Cage And Drive Apparatuses For Elevators (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un frein d'ascenseur (10) comprenant des éléments de frein (20a, 20b) étant chacun mobile entre une position d'application de frein et une position relâchée. Au moins un premier élément de sollicitation (30a) associé au premier élément de frein (20a) fournit une première force de sollicitation sollicitant le premier élément de frein (20a) vers la position d'application de frein. Au moins un second élément de sollicitation (30b) associé au second élément de frein (20b) fournit une seconde force de sollicitation différent de la première force de sollicitation et sollicite l'élément de frein (20b) vers la position d'application de frein.
PCT/US2006/039015 2006-10-05 2006-10-05 Frein d'ascenseur Ceased WO2008045033A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US2006/039015 WO2008045033A2 (fr) 2006-10-05 2006-10-05 Frein d'ascenseur

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US2006/039015 WO2008045033A2 (fr) 2006-10-05 2006-10-05 Frein d'ascenseur

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2008045033A2 true WO2008045033A2 (fr) 2008-04-17

Family

ID=38329965

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2006/039015 Ceased WO2008045033A2 (fr) 2006-10-05 2006-10-05 Frein d'ascenseur

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2008045033A2 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103089858A (zh) * 2011-01-07 2013-05-08 株式会社安川电机 电磁制动器、旋转电机以及电梯
CN103910301A (zh) * 2012-12-28 2014-07-09 株式会社日立制作所 电梯的卷扬机用电磁制动装置

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103089858A (zh) * 2011-01-07 2013-05-08 株式会社安川电机 电磁制动器、旋转电机以及电梯
EP2474753A3 (fr) * 2011-01-07 2014-10-08 Kabushiki Kaisha Yaskawa Denki Frein électromagnétique, machine électrique tournante et ascenseur
CN103910301A (zh) * 2012-12-28 2014-07-09 株式会社日立制作所 电梯的卷扬机用电磁制动装置

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