WO2008129151A2 - Materiau hybride et procede pour sa preparation - Google Patents
Materiau hybride et procede pour sa preparation Download PDFInfo
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- WO2008129151A2 WO2008129151A2 PCT/FR2008/000193 FR2008000193W WO2008129151A2 WO 2008129151 A2 WO2008129151 A2 WO 2008129151A2 FR 2008000193 W FR2008000193 W FR 2008000193W WO 2008129151 A2 WO2008129151 A2 WO 2008129151A2
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- monolith
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- 0 *c1ccccc1 Chemical compound *c1ccccc1 0.000 description 1
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N c(cc1)ccc1-c1ccccc1 Chemical compound c(cc1)ccc1-c1ccccc1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- B01J31/123—Organometallic polymers, e.g. comprising C-Si bonds in the main chain or in subunits grafted to the main chain
- B01J31/124—Silicones or siloxanes or comprising such units
- B01J31/125—Cyclic siloxanes
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a hybrid material, a process for its preparation, and its use as a catalyst support and / or for the decontamination of liquid or gaseous media.
- the hybrid material according to the invention is one of the materials comprising a high specific surface and a hierarchical structure, that is to say a cellular structure having several types of porosity.
- hybrid material is meant a material bearing inorganic functions and organic functions.
- Such materials can find applications in many fields such as heterogeneous catalysis, solid phase extraction, filtration, electronics, optics or acoustics.
- a material with a hierarchical structure which is in the form of a monolith made of an inorganic material.
- Monolith means a solid object having an average dimension of at least 1 mm.
- the inorganic material consists of a polymer of an inorganic oxide, for example a polymer obtained from tetraethoxysilane Si (OEt) 4 .
- This material is obtained by a high internal phase inverse emulsion polymerization process, and has three degrees of porosity: microporosity, mesoporosity and macroporosity.
- microporosity microporosity
- mesoporosity mesoporosity
- macroporosity macroporosity
- materials comprising a porous organic matrix based on styrene and divinylbenzene, functionalized with organic groups. These materials are obtained in the form of a monolith by a high internal phase inverse emulsion polymerization process.
- the monolith has both a macroporous character and a mesoporous character.
- Such materials are used so satisfactory as catalyst supports, for example a palladium catalyst in the form of nanoparticles.
- the catalysis reactions carried out with such materials can be carried out at a maximum temperature of 80 ° C, above which temperature the organic matrix is degraded and loses its monolithic character. Such a disadvantage therefore significantly limits the use of these materials.
- the inventors have been able to develop a material in the form of a monolith consisting of an inorganic polymer which is functionalized with particular organic groups. They have discovered that such a material surprisingly has high performance as a catalyst support in the field of heterogeneous catalysis. In fact, especially when it is associated under certain conditions with palladium nanoparticles, this material is more effective than the known catalysts based on palladium on activated carbon, and at temperatures of up to about 200 ° C. In addition, this material is also effective in other applications, including the decontamination of liquid or gaseous media.
- a material according to the present invention is a cellular solid monolith consisting of a polymer of an inorganic oxide, characterized in that: a) said cellular monolith comprises macropores having an average size d A of 4 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m, mesopores having an average dimension E from 20 to 30 ⁇ and micropores having an average particle size di of 5 or 10 to, said pores being interconnected; b) the inorganic oxide polymer carries organic groups R corresponding to the formula - (CH 2 ) DR 1 in which 0 ⁇ n ⁇ 5, and R 1 represents: - a thiol group, a pyrrolyl group C 4 H 3 N - Nitrogen-bonded to the - (CHz) n - group, an amino group which optionally carries one or more optionally substituted alkyl, alkylamino or aryl substituents, an alkyl group (preferably having 1 to 5 carbon atoms), or a phenyl group which optionally carries an alky
- the inorganic oxide is an oxide of one or more elements, at least one of the elements being of the type capable of forming an alkoxide.
- elements capable of forming an alkoxide mention may be made of Si and metals such as Ti, Zr, Th, Nb, Ta, V, W and Al.
- the inorganic oxide can be a simple oxide, and it is then an oxide of one of the elements above.
- the inorganic oxide may also be a mixed oxide of at least two elements, and at least one of the elements is then chosen from the above elements, the other element or elements may be in particular B or Sn.
- An inorganic polymer consisting of a silicon oxide polymer or a mixed silicon oxide is particularly preferred.
- the inorganic oxide polymer carries a single type of R group. In another embodiment, the inorganic oxide polymer carries at least two different types of R groups.
- organic group R may be:
- a material according to the invention can be obtained by a process in which an emulsion is prepared by adding an oily phase to an aqueous solution of surfactant, and at least one tetraalkoxide (hereinafter referred to as TAM) precursor of the inorganic oxide polymer to the surfactant solution, before or after the preparation of the emulsion, the reaction mixture is allowed to stand until condensation of the precursor, then the mixture is dried to obtain a monolith, said method being characterized in that at least one precursor alkoxide carrying an organic group R (hereinafter referred to as AMR compound) is added.
- TAM tetraalkoxide
- AMR is introduced into the aqueous surfactant solution prior to the addition of the oily phase.
- AMR is introduced into the oil phase which is then added to the aqueous TAM solution to form the emulsion.
- the inorganic monolith obtained from the aqueous surfactant solution and TAM after drying was impregnated with a solution of AMR.
- the hybrid monolith obtained at the end of the drying step may advantageously be subjected to a heat treatment, preferably carried out at a temperature between 140 ° C. and 180 ° C. (for example for a period of 6 hours with a temperature rise of 2 0 C per minute) in order to consolidate the monolith.
- the mass ratio AMR / TAM is preferably less than 20/80. If the proportion of AMR is greater than 20%, the mechanical strength of the monolith is weakened.
- the implementation of the first embodiment makes it possible to obtain a hybrid material in which the R groups are distributed statistically both on the surface and in the core of the material.
- the implementation of the second embodiment makes it possible to obtain a hybrid material comprising R groups essentially distributed over the surface of the material.
- the implementation of the third embodiment makes it possible to obtain a hybrid material on which the R groups are present exclusively on the surface.
- TAM is a tetravalent tetraalkoxide, optionally in hydrolysed form, and / or partially condensed.
- Silicon tetraalkoxides are particularly preferred, in particular tetramethoxysilane and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS). It is also possible to use a silicate or any other derived oligomer.
- the compound AMR is advantageously chosen from trialkoxysilanes carrying a group R as defined above.
- 3-mercaptopropyl) trimethoxysilane 3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane, N- (3-trimethoxysilylpropyl) pyrrole, and 3- (2,4-dinitrophenylamino) propyltriethoxysilane, N- (2-aminoethyl) -3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, phenyltriethoxysilane and methyltriethoxysilane.
- the oily phase may consist of dodecane, or a silicone oil.
- the surfactant compound may be a cationic surfactant chosen in particular from tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB), dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide or cetyltrimethylammonium bromide.
- TTAB tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide
- the reaction medium is brought to a pH of less than 3, preferably less than 1. Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide is particularly preferred.
- the surfactant compound may further be an anionic surfactant selected from sodium dodecyl sulphate, sodium dodecyl sulphonate and sodium dioctyl sulphosuccinate (AOT).
- AOT sodium dioctyl sulphosuccinate
- the reaction medium is brought to a pH greater than 10.
- the surfactant compound may finally be a nonionic surfactant chosen from ethoxylated head surfactants and nonylphenols.
- the reaction medium is brought to a pH of greater than 10 or less than 3, preferably less than 1.
- the different precursors of the different R groups may be introduced simultaneously into the reaction medium, or introduced during two successive stages.
- the first step may consist in the addition of an AMR compound according to the first or second variant previously mentioned, and the second step may be constituted by the subsequent grafting of a compound AMR "(according to the third variant mentioned above)
- R 'and R" each satisfy the definition of R given above, R' being different of R ".
- a material according to the invention is particularly useful as a support for a metal catalyst, such as Pd, Au or Pt.
- a supported catalyst is prepared by a method of impregnating a monolith according to the invention with a solution of a precursor of the catalyst metal and then reducing the precursor.
- the precursor of the catalyst metal is preferably an acetate or a chloride, for example Pd (CH 3 COO) 2 , PdCl 2 , PtCl 4 or AuCl 4 .
- the precursor is used in the form of a solution in a solvent, for example THF, THF / water, acetone / water or ethanol / water, depending on the hydrophilic / lipophilic balance of the polymer forming the foam.
- a solvent for example THF, THF / water, acetone / water or ethanol / water, depending on the hydrophilic / lipophilic balance of the polymer forming the foam.
- a supported catalyst prepared in the presence of a phosphine for example triphenylphosphine
- a supported catalyst according to the present invention is particularly useful for a Suzuki-Myaura reaction.
- the Suzuki-Myaura reaction is a carbon-carbon coupling reaction which makes it possible to form a biphenyl compound from an aryl iodide and an aryl borohydride.
- a supported catalyst according to the present invention may also be useful for the reaction of a Z-Ar-BH compound (NiPr 2 ) with a compound Ar-Z 'in the presence of a Pd (O) catalyst, a base and water to obtain an Ar-Ar compound, according to the following reaction scheme:
- a Z or Z 'group of the alkyl or phenyl type increases the hydrophobicity of the hybrid material.
- a material bearing SH groups and / or NH 2 groups is particularly useful as a metal catalyst support, because the presence of a non-binding doublet on sulfur and nitrogen allows an electronic stabilization of the formed metal nanoparticles.
- a material according to the present invention may further be useful for a Mitzoroki-Heck reaction, which is a carbon-carbon coupling reaction which makes it possible to form a biphenyl compound from an aryl halide (1) and styrene (2). Said reaction gives a mixture of E and Z isomers of stilbene.
- the halide is selected from Cl, Br and I. The reaction scheme is given below for an iodide.
- the hybrid material When the substituent R of a hybrid material according to the present invention is a lower alkyl group (1 to 3 carbon atoms) or a phenyl group, the hybrid material has a high capacity to adsorb aromatic compounds such as benzene, toluene or xylene (hereinafter referred to as "BXT compounds"). It is therefore particularly useful for the decontamination of liquid or gaseous media that contain these compounds.
- aromatic compounds such as benzene, toluene or xylene
- the decontamination is carried out by immersion of the hybrid material in the liquid to be decontaminated.
- the hybrid material When the medium to be decontaminated is a gaseous medium, the hybrid material is placed in an enclosure, for example a column, and the gas to be decontaminated is sent through the enclosure.
- a monolith of the prior art which has silanol groups on the surface has a hydrophilic character to a high degree, which considerably limits the imbibition of the monolith by hydrophobic liquids such as benzene, xylene or toluene.
- FIG. 1a is a transmission electron microscopy (TEM) photograph of the general appearance of a SiO 2 monolith containing 3-pyrrolylpropyl moieties referred to as pyrrole-SiO-1a.
- Figures Ib to Ig represent clichés obtained by MET, for pyrrole-SiO-la, methyl-SiO-la monoliths,
- FIGS. 2a to 2e represent the differential intrusion (in ordinate, expressed in ml / g / nm) as a function of the diameter of the intermacroporous windows (in abscissa, expressed in nm), respectively for pyrrole-SiO-la, methyl-monoliths.
- FIGS. 3a to 3e are transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrographs and FIGS. 3f to 3e are the SAXS diffusion profiles respectively for pyrrole-SiO-1a, methyl-SiO-1a, DNP-amino-SiO- monoliths. la, Benzyl-SiO-2a, and Mercapto-SiO-la.
- TEM transmission electron microscopy
- Figures 3ka to 3kb are the SAXS diffusion profiles made on g-amino-SiO and g-mercapto-SiO monoliths.
- FIGS. 4a to 4e show the pore size distribution determined by the Differential Functional Theory (DFT) method.
- DFT Differential Functional Theory
- Figure 5 shows from top to bottom the NMR spectrum of the monoliths methyl-SiO-1a, mercapto-SiO-1a, benzyl-SiO-1a, pyrrol-SiO-1a and DNP-amino-la.
- FIG. 6 represents the IR spectra which show the signals corresponding respectively to the N- (3-propyl) pyrrole group (1360 cm -1 and 1650 cm -1 , FIG. 6a), to the methyl group (2856 cm -1 and 2932 cm -1 ). 1 , Figure 6b), 3- (2,4-dinitrophenylamino) propyl group (1338 cm -1 and 1622 cm -1 , FIG. 6c), with the benzyl group (4 bands between 1450 and 1650 cm -1 , FIG. 6d) and the 3-mercaptopropyl group (690). cm -1 , Figure 6e).
- FIGS. 7a to 7f show TEM images for catalytic systems consisting of a monolith and palladium, respectively for the Pd @ g-AE-amino-SiO, Pd- ⁇ -Amino-SiO, Pd ⁇ -G-Mercapto-SiO systems. , Pd-Mercapto-SiO-1 ⁇ , Pd ⁇ -DNP-amino-SiO and Pd ⁇ -pyrrole-SiO.
- Figures 8a and 8b show XPS diagrams of monoliths bearing N- (2-aminoethyl) 3-aminopropyl groups and Pd particles generated by heterogeneous nucleation.
- Figure 8b is an enlargement of the Palladium-specific X emission bands.
- Figure 9 shows the XPS diagram of a N-(2-aminoethyl) 3-aminopropyl-bearing Pd g-amino-SiO monolith and Pd particles generated by heterogeneous nucleation.
- FIGS. 10a to 10f show the conversion ratio obtained in a Suzuki-Myaura reaction with each of the following catalytic systems: Pd @ g-AE-amino-SiO (10a), Pd ⁇ -Mercapto-SiO (10b), Pd ⁇ -Mercapto-SiO1 (Oc), Pd ⁇ g-pyrrole-SiO (10d), Pd ⁇ g-AE-amino-SiO (10e), and Pd ⁇ g-Amino-SiO (10f).
- FIG. 11 shows the conversion rate obtained for the same reaction of Suzuki-Myaura with a catalyst of the prior art Pd on activated carbon.
- FIG. 12 represents the evolution of the conversion rate C in%, over time T (in minutes), when the catalyst is used for successive cycles in a Mitzoroki-Heck reaction, for the Pd @g-amino catalysts - SiO (curve marked by a square D), Pd @ g-mercapto-SiO (curve marked by a black circle), Pd @ mercapto-SiO (curve marked by a triangle ⁇ ), and Pd @ g-amino-SiO (curve shown by a circle O).
- FIG. 13 is a curve which represents, on the ordinate, the percentage of imbibition of a monolith as a function of time in minutes (indicated on the abscissa).
- Examples A1 to A3 relate to the preparation of hybrid materials according to the invention, Example A4 describes the characterization of the materials obtained, Examples B1 to B2 describe the preparation of catalysts supported from materials according to the invention, the examples C1 and C2 describe catalysis tests, and Examples D1 and D2 describe remediation treatment tests.
- This example illustrates the first variant of the method.
- tetraethoxysilane TEOS
- benzyltriethoxysilane tetraethoxysilane
- TTAB tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide
- the condensation step takes place over a period of one week.
- the oily phase is extracted by immersing the compound in a THF / acetone solvent (80/20 by volume) for 24 hours. This washing step is repeated three times before leaving the compound immersed for one hour in an acetone solution.
- the compound is then dried by leaving it in the air in a beaker surmounted by a non-hermetic cover, in order to avoid a too violent or rapid evaporation of the washing solvent which would result in the formation of cracks zones in the monolith thus produced.
- the compound is treated for 6 hours at 180 ° C. (rate of rise in temperature of 2 ° C. per minute) in order to sinter it slightly and thus improve its mechanical strength.
- trialkoxysilanes have also been used for the preparation of hybrid monoliths of SiO 2 , following the same procedure as that described above, according to the first variant of the process according to the invention.
- AMR compounds methyltriethoxysilane, (3-mercaptopropyl) trimethoxysilane, (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane, 3- (2,4-dinitrophenylamino) propyltriethoxysilane, N- (2-aminoethyl) 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane and N- (3-trimethoxysilylpropyl) pyrrole.
- Table 1 shows, for each preparation, the masses (in grams) of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), AMR compound, TTAB, dodecane and HCl used.
- This example illustrates the second variant of the method.
- 4.02 g of TEOS is added to 16.01 g of an aqueous solution of TTAB at 35% by weight. 5.87 g of 37% hydrochloric acid are then added.
- the oily phase consisting of 40.06 g of dodecane containing 1.02 g of (3-mercaptopropyl) trimethoxysilane, is added dropwise, and then the system is emulsified by hand with a mortar.
- the emulsion thus formed is placed in a closed plastic container in order to allow the precursors to condense.
- the condensation step takes place over a period of one week.
- the oily phase is extracted by immersing the compound in a THF / acetone solvent (80/20 by volume) for 24 hours. This washing step is repeated three times before leaving the compound immersed for one hour in an acetone solution.
- the compound is dried by leaving it in the air in a beaker surmounted by a non-hermetic lid. Then the compound is treated for 6 hours at 180 0 C (rate of rise in temperature of 2 ° C per minute), so as to sinter slightly and thereby improve its mechanical strength.
- trialkoxysilanes have also been used for the preparation of hybrid monoliths of SiO 2 , following the same procedure as that described above, according to the second variant of the process according to the invention.
- AMR compounds methyltriethoxysilane, benzyltriethoxysilane, (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane, 3- (2,4-dinitrophenylamino) propyltriethoxysilane, N- (2-aminoethyl) -3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane and N- (3-trimethoxysilylpropyl) pyrrole.
- Table 2 shows, for each preparation, the masses (in grams) of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), AMR compound, TTAB, dodecane and HCl used. Table 2
- the monolith of SiO 2 is first prepared. For this, 6.1 g of hydrochloric acid is introduced into 16.07 g of a solution of TTAB at 35% by weight. Then 5.01 g of TEOS are added, as well as 40.02 g of dodecane, by dropwise addition, emulsifying by hand using a mortar. The precursor condensation step is carried out for a period of one week, then the oily phase is extracted by immersing the obtained monolith in a solution of THF for 24 hours, this step being repeated three times. The monolith is then cautiously dried to avoid too violent evaporation of THF. Then the monolith is calcined at 600 ° C. under air for 6 hours, in order to sinter it slightly and release the mesoporosity (induced by TTAB micelles). The material constituting the monolith thus obtained is hereinafter referred to as "native silica".
- a second step 3-pyrrolylpropyl groups are grafted onto the SiO 2 monolith synthesized in the first step, proceeding as follows: 3.1 g of N- (3-trimethoxysilylpropyl) pyrrole are introduced into 150, 40 g of chloroform. 1.2 g of the SiO 2 monolith is then immersed in this solution. To increase the diffusion kinetics, the beaker containing the solution and the monolith is placed in a vacuum chamber, until the monolith falls to the bottom of the beaker. This ensures that the monolith is completely impregnated by the reaction medium. This step lasts between 5 and 10 minutes. The beaker is then removed from the chamber under vacuum, then closed and left for 24 hours. The compound obtained is then placed for one hour in a beaker containing acetone. Then the monolith is air dried in a beaker surmounted by a non-hermetic cover. Grafting of other compounds on a monolith of SiO 2
- trialkoxysilanes have also been used for the preparation of hybrid monoliths of SiO 2 , following the same procedure as that described above, according to the third variant of the process according to the invention. These are the following compounds: methyltriethoxysilane, benzyltriethoxysilane, (3-mercaptopropyl) trimethoxysilane, (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane, 3- (2,4-dinitrophenylamino) propyltriethoxysilane, and N - (2-aminoethyl) -3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane.
- Table 3 shows, for each preparation, the masses (in grams) of monolite of SiO 2 , trialkoxysilane (AMR) and chloroform used.
- Monoliths obtained according to Examples A1, A2 and A3 were characterized by different methods of analysis, in order to demonstrate their macroporous, mesoporous nature. and microporous.
- the monoliths obtained according to the first variant of the process have the same properties as those obtained according to the second variant. Consequently, the data presented below for the monoliths synthesized according to Example A1 are valid for the monoliths synthesized according to Example A2 and bearing the same groups R.
- the monoliths subjected to the characterization are the following: pyrrole-SiO-1a, methyl-SiO-1a, DNP-amino-SiO-la-Mercapto-la, Benzyl-SiO-2a, Mercapto-SiO-la, g-amino-SiO and g-mercapto-SiO.
- the image of the Ig figure was obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) from the monolith or g-mercapto-SiO.
- Macroscopic mercury intrusion porosimetry measurements were performed at room temperature for the various samples.
- the sample is weighed and degassed under a vacuum of 6.10 ⁇ 6 MPa, before being placed in a measuring cell. Then the measuring cell is filled with mercury at the pressure of 3.4 ⁇ 10 -3 Mpa, and then successive pressures are generated between 3.4 ⁇ 10 -3 MPa and 120 MPa (which corresponds to theoretical pore diameters). With pressure, the electrical capacitance of the penetrometer rod is measured and the volume of mercury which has entered the sample is deduced and the results are shown in Table 4 below.
- the mesoporous character was studied by transmission electron microscopy associated with small angle X-ray diffraction (SAXS) measurements.
- FIGS. 3a to 3e are transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrographs made on SiU 2 monoliths.
- FIGS. 3f to 3e are the SAXS diffusion profiles produced on the same samples. The intensity is given in ordinate (in arbitrary units), according to the wave vector q (in ⁇ '1 ).
- Figures 3ka to 3kb are the SAXS diffusion profiles made on other samples.
- the mesopores are statistically dispersed for the methyl-SiO-1a monoliths (Plate 3b and Figure 3g) and the Mercapto-SiO-1a, (Plate 3e and Figure 3j); the mesopores are hexagonally organized in pyrrole-SiO-1a, DNP-amino-SiO-la, and
- Benzyl-SiO-2a in g-amino-SiO and g-mercapto-SiO monoliths, the mesopores have a polydisperse distribution ranging from 10 to 6000 nm, with two main contributions centered at 150 nm and 700 nm for g-amino-SiO, and centered at 60 nm. nm and 4000 nm for g-mercapto-SiO.
- the monoliths have a super-microporous character (pore size between 10 and 20 ⁇ ) as well as mesoporous (pore size greater than 35 ⁇ ). These results confirm that the grafting of organic groups on the pore surface decreases the specific surface area and the pore volume relative to the native silica.
- the BJH method essentially yields mesopores larger than 35 ⁇ .
- the microporosity is obtained by difference with the BET data.
- the pore size distribution obtained by the theory of differential functions, gives a bimodality of pore sizes centered on 15 ⁇ (super micropores) and 25 ⁇ (mesopores).
- the pore size distribution was also determined by the DFT (Differential Functional Theory) method. The results are shown in Figures 4a to 4g. These figures represent the pore width (in ⁇ ) as abscissa, and the differential area (in m 2 / g) as ordinate, for the monoliths above.
- the spectra correspond, from top to bottom, to the methyl-SiO-1a, mercapto-SiO-1a, benzyl-SiO-1a, pyrrol-SiO-1a and DNP-amino-la monoliths.
- Table 7 presents a comparison of the results obtained from the 29 Si NMR measurements with the results expected from the molar ratios of the precursors of the reaction (TEOS and alkoxysilane groups).
- the R groups present in the monoliths have therefore not degraded under the effect of heat treatment.
- Supported catalysts were prepared from materials obtained according to the process of Example A3, and bearing respectively N- (2-aminoethyl) -3-aminopropyl groups, 3-aminopropyl groups, 3-mercaptopropyl groups, 3- (2,4-dinitrophenylamino) propyl groups, and N- (3-propyl) pyrrole groups and a material carrying 3-mercaptopropyl groups prepared according to the method of Example 1.
- a hybrid monolith obtained according to the method of Example A3 was impregnated with a 5.10 -2 M solution of Pd (CH 3 COO) 2 in THF, for a period of two days, using three cycles of degassing of 15 minutes each, then a 0.5 M solution of NaBH 4 in a water / THF (50/50) mixture was added which was allowed to stand for 1 day using the same degassing cycles as before, then the materials were recovered by filtration, washed with an ethanol / acetone mixture (80/20 by volume) for 24 hours with stirring, and then dried in the open air.
- the following table shows the catalytic systems prepared, and the modified monolith from which each is derived.
- FIG. 7 represents the MET images obtained.
- the concordance between the different clichés and the catalytic systems is given in the following table.
- the monoliths used were obtained by the method of Example 3, except for the Pd @ Mercapto-SiC monolith> 2 of Figure 7d which is obtained by the method of Example 1.
- the blocks of hybrid material are recovered by filtration, washed for two days with stirring ethanol and then dried in the open air. Characterization by MET
- Figures 8a and 8b show XPS diagrams of monoliths bearing N- (2-aminoethyl) 3-aminopropyl groups and Pd particles generated by heterogeneous nucleation.
- Figure 8a which shows an extended energy range, shows the elements present within the above-mentioned compound.
- Figure 8b is an enlargement of the X specific emission bands Palladium, particularly peaks of electron orbitals associated with 3ds / 2 and 3d 7 / 2- 5/2 3d band is centered on 335 eV and the band 3d 7/2 is centered on 340 eV.
- Such energies associated with the 3d electrons 3d 5/2 and 3d 7/2 are characteristic of the metal palladium in the state of zero valence (unoxidized) (according to publication of Brun, M., Berthet, A., Bertolini, JC: XPS, ARS and Auger parameter of Pd and PdO, J. Electron Microsc. Relat. Phenom., 1999, vol. 104, p.55).
- the palladium content was determined by elemental analysis for the sample of mercapto-bearing material. It is 3.9% by weight.
- the monolith of hybrid material is then recovered by filtration, washed for two days with ethanol until it becomes colorless and then dried in the open air.
- a supported catalyst was thus prepared on the one hand with a g-amino-SiO monolith and a g-mercapto-SiO monolith. Characterization by MET
- Figure 9 shows the XPS diagram of N-(2-aminoethyl) 3-aminopropyl-bearing Pd g-amino-SiO monolith and Pd particles generated by heterogeneous nucleation. This diagram shows two peaks, at 335 eV and at 340.8 eV, which correspond to the electrons associated with orbitals 3d 5/2 and 3d 7/2 metallic palladium nanoparticles.
- a mercapto-SiO Pd ⁇ -mercapto-SiO monolith carrying mercaptopyl groups and heterogeneously nucleating Pd particles was obtained by the same method, and its XPS pattern is analogous to that of the Pd ⁇ -amino monolith. - SiO. Elemental analysis
- the Pd content of the supported catalyst was determined by elemental analysis. It is 3.9% by weight for the sample bearing the Pd @g-amino-SiO and 4.1% by weight for the sample Pd @g-mercapto-SiO.
- a mixture of 100 equivalents (0.3905 g) of iodobenzene, 150 equivalents (0.3584 g) of phenylboronic acid and 5 mL of dioxane was prepared and this mixture was introduced into the three-necked flask at room temperature. using a syringe. Then, the tricolor was left in an oil bath at 115 ° C. under refluxing dioxane for 3 days, followed by sampling at regular intervals.
- the reaction balances were established by liquid chromatography, by changing the temperature from 50 ° C. to 18 ° C. at 6 ° C. per minute on Varian 3300, using an injector at 220 ° C., a detector at 22 ° C. under a pressure of 10 psi, a DB5 column which has a length of 30 m, an internal diameter of 0.25 mm and a film which has a thickness of 0.1 ⁇ m.
- the conversion rate obtained with each of the catalytic systems is represented as a function of time in FIGS. 10 and 12.
- the degree of conversion as a function of time for a conventional Pd catalyst over activated carbon (considered to be very efficient) is given in FIG. 11.
- the conversion ratio, in percentage is indicated on the ordinate, and the time (in hours) is indicated on the abscissa.
- catalytic systems according to the invention obtained by the method of Example B1 (without phosphine) have an activity close to that obtained by nanoparticles of palladium on activated carbon.
- they have the advantage of being in monolithic form and therefore do not require a separation step with the catalyzed material, for example by filtration or centrifugation.
- the tested materials therefore have satisfactory performance and are easier to use than a conventional catalyst such as the palladium / activated carbon system.
- Example C2 It also appears that the materials according to the invention obtained by the method of Example B2, that is to say in the presence of triphenylphosphine, have an activity greater than that obtained by the palladium nanoparticles on activated carbon.
- Example C2 It also appears that the materials according to the invention obtained by the method of Example B2, that is to say in the presence of triphenylphosphine, have an activity greater than that obtained by the palladium nanoparticles on activated carbon.
- E and Z are the isomers of stilbene.
- the liquid phase was extracted from the reactor, under argon, through the frit, a new reagent mixture was introduced into the reactor, and a new reaction was carried out. This operation was repeated several times in order to test the stability of the catalyst over time.
- Figure 13 shows the evolution of the conversion rate over time, when the catalyst is used for successive reaction cycles, for the cataly ⁇ sors following: Pd @ g-amino-SiO (0.11 g): curve represented by a square D:
- Figure 13 shows that the catalysts provide a similar conversion rates when the st use, which takes place over 3 hours, and the catalyst carrying the mercapto groups and obtained from a monolith prepared according to one of the examples Al or A2 has a more stable activity in subsequent uses than catalysts carrying the amino groups or the mercapto group-containing catalyst obtained by impregnation.
- a SiO 2 monolith containing methyl groups obtained by the process described in Example A3 was used for the decontamination of a gas stream containing toluene.
- 0.1021 g of said monolith was used to treat a gas stream containing 241.8 mg of toluene in 1 g of hexane. These proportions correspond to a toluene level close to that generally encountered in the atmosphere, namely 10 ⁇ g / m 3 .
- Hexane was used as a toluene carrier because of its rather high saturation vapor pressure, preventing its condensation on the walls and because it is transparent in UV-visible.
- FIG. 14 is a curve which represents, on the ordinate, the percentage of imbibition of the monolith by toluene, as a function of time, in minutes (indicated on the abscissa).
- a SiO 2 monolith containing phenyl groups, obtained by the method described in Example A3 was used for the decontamination of a liquid phase consisting of toluene.
- the hybrid monolith became opalescent after one hour immersion in the liquid phase containing toluene.
- the monolith did not dissolve, but took the refractive index of the surrounding environment, which shows its imbibition with toluene. This phenomenon comes from the particular porous character of the monolith (triple porosity), its hydrophobic character induced by the phenyl groups, and the inorganic Si-O-Si connectivity which ensures the cohesion of the porous edifice.
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Abstract
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| US12/527,161 US20210316288A1 (en) | 2007-02-14 | 2008-02-14 | Hybrid material and method for the production thereof |
| JP2009549443A JP2010518239A (ja) | 2007-02-14 | 2008-02-14 | ハイブリッド材料及びその製造方法 |
| CA002677958A CA2677958A1 (fr) | 2007-02-14 | 2008-02-14 | Materiau hybride et procede pour sa preparation |
| EP08775553A EP2117709A2 (fr) | 2007-02-14 | 2008-02-14 | Materiau hybride et procede pour sa preparation |
| CN2008800049716A CN101641155B (zh) | 2007-02-14 | 2008-02-14 | 杂化材料及其制备方法 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2015091677A1 (fr) * | 2013-12-20 | 2015-06-25 | Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives | Materiaux monolithiques inorganiques alveolaires echangeurs cationiques, leur procede de preparation, et procede de separation les mettant en œuvre |
| WO2016202869A1 (fr) | 2015-06-17 | 2016-12-22 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | Materiaux monolithiques inorganiques alveolaires echangeurs cationiques, leur procede de preparation, et procede de separation les mettant en œuvre |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8945804B2 (en) * | 2008-07-09 | 2015-02-03 | Cabot Corporation | Treated metal oxide particles and toner compositions |
| FR2933703B1 (fr) * | 2008-07-11 | 2012-08-17 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Detecteurs nanoporeux de composes aromatiques monocycliques et autres polluants |
| FR2947564B1 (fr) * | 2009-07-06 | 2011-07-22 | Univ Paris Curie | Catalyseur enzymatique heterogene, procede de preparation et utilisation |
| FR2955429B1 (fr) | 2010-01-20 | 2012-03-02 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | Modifications enzymatiques d'un carbone monolithique alveolaire et applications |
| FR2965807B1 (fr) | 2010-10-11 | 2012-12-21 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | Procede de preparation de materiaux monolithiques inorganiques alveolaires et utilisations de ces materiaux |
| CN106825549A (zh) * | 2017-04-13 | 2017-06-13 | 江苏金奕达铜业股份有限公司 | 一种具有大表面积结构的铜粒 |
| WO2025258596A1 (fr) * | 2024-06-11 | 2025-12-18 | 三井金属株式会社 | Catalyseur et son procédé d'utilisation |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3985170B2 (ja) * | 1996-12-26 | 2007-10-03 | 直弘 曽我 | 無機系多孔質体の製造方法 |
| JP4496630B2 (ja) * | 2000-09-27 | 2010-07-07 | 株式会社豊田中央研究所 | 金属細線触媒 |
| JP2003001106A (ja) * | 2001-06-22 | 2003-01-07 | Nippon Steel Corp | ガス選択吸着材料及びガス検知システム |
| JPWO2003002458A1 (ja) * | 2001-06-29 | 2004-10-14 | 独立行政法人 科学技術振興機構 | 無機系多孔質体の製造方法 |
| FR2852947B1 (fr) * | 2003-03-27 | 2005-06-03 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | Materiau inorganique a structure hierarchisee, et procede pour sa preparation |
| DE10351798A1 (de) * | 2003-11-06 | 2005-06-09 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von monolithischen Formkörpern |
| DE112005000269T5 (de) * | 2004-02-17 | 2007-01-25 | Waters Investments Ltd., New Castle | Poröse Hybridmonolithmaterialien mit von der Oberfläche entfernten organischen Gruppen |
| JP4538785B2 (ja) * | 2004-03-31 | 2010-09-08 | 和樹 中西 | 有機無機ハイブリッド系多孔質体の製造方法 |
| JP2005290032A (ja) * | 2004-03-31 | 2005-10-20 | Kazuki Nakanishi | 長距離秩序を有するメソ孔を含む階層的多孔質体の製造方法 |
| DE112005001838B4 (de) * | 2004-07-30 | 2018-11-29 | Waters Technologies Corp. (N.D.Ges.D. Staates Delaware) | Poröse anorganische/organische Hybridmaterialien mit geordneten Domänen für chromatographische Auftrennungen, Verfahren für deren Herstellung sowie Auftrennvorrichtung und chromatographische Säule |
| CN1880277A (zh) * | 2005-06-13 | 2006-12-20 | 中国科学院福建物质结构研究所 | 一种纳米结构玻璃陶瓷及其溶胶-凝胶制备方法 |
| CN100398492C (zh) * | 2005-08-01 | 2008-07-02 | 中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学 | 一种气凝胶绝热复合材料及其制备方法 |
-
2007
- 2007-02-14 FR FR0701077A patent/FR2912400B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2008
- 2008-02-14 CN CN2008800049716A patent/CN101641155B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-02-14 EP EP08775553A patent/EP2117709A2/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-02-14 WO PCT/FR2008/000193 patent/WO2008129151A2/fr not_active Ceased
- 2008-02-14 JP JP2009549443A patent/JP2010518239A/ja active Pending
- 2008-02-14 CA CA002677958A patent/CA2677958A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2008-02-14 US US12/527,161 patent/US20210316288A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2015091677A1 (fr) * | 2013-12-20 | 2015-06-25 | Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives | Materiaux monolithiques inorganiques alveolaires echangeurs cationiques, leur procede de preparation, et procede de separation les mettant en œuvre |
| FR3015476A1 (fr) * | 2013-12-20 | 2015-06-26 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Materiaux monolithiques inorganiques alveolaires echangeurs cationiques, leur procede de preparation, et procede de separation les mettant en œuvre. |
| US10541060B2 (en) | 2013-12-20 | 2020-01-21 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | Inorganic cellular monobloc cation-exchange materials, the preparation method thereof, and separation method using same |
| WO2016202869A1 (fr) | 2015-06-17 | 2016-12-22 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | Materiaux monolithiques inorganiques alveolaires echangeurs cationiques, leur procede de preparation, et procede de separation les mettant en œuvre |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2677958A1 (fr) | 2008-10-30 |
| US20210316288A1 (en) | 2021-10-14 |
| CN101641155A (zh) | 2010-02-03 |
| JP2010518239A (ja) | 2010-05-27 |
| FR2912400A1 (fr) | 2008-08-15 |
| CN101641155B (zh) | 2013-07-10 |
| EP2117709A2 (fr) | 2009-11-18 |
| WO2008129151A3 (fr) | 2009-02-19 |
| FR2912400B1 (fr) | 2009-04-17 |
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