WO2009019268A2 - Appareil frigorifique - Google Patents
Appareil frigorifique Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2009019268A2 WO2009019268A2 PCT/EP2008/060270 EP2008060270W WO2009019268A2 WO 2009019268 A2 WO2009019268 A2 WO 2009019268A2 EP 2008060270 W EP2008060270 W EP 2008060270W WO 2009019268 A2 WO2009019268 A2 WO 2009019268A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- trough
- support
- tube
- cooling
- vertical
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D23/00—General constructional features
- F25D23/06—Walls
- F25D23/065—Details
- F25D23/068—Arrangements for circulating fluids through the insulating material
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D21/00—Defrosting; Preventing frosting; Removing condensed or defrost water
- F25D21/14—Collecting or removing condensed and defrost water; Drip trays
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D2321/00—Details or arrangements for defrosting; Preventing frosting; Removing condensed or defrost water, not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- F25D2321/14—Collecting condense or defrost water; Removing condense or defrost water
- F25D2321/143—Collecting condense or defrost water; Removing condense or defrost water characterised by means to fix, clamp, or connect water pipes or evaporation trays
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D2321/00—Details or arrangements for defrosting; Preventing frosting; Removing condensed or defrost water, not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- F25D2321/14—Collecting condense or defrost water; Removing condense or defrost water
- F25D2321/146—Collecting condense or defrost water; Removing condense or defrost water characterised by the pipes or pipe connections
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D2400/00—General features of, or devices for refrigerators, cold rooms, ice-boxes, or for cooling or freezing apparatus not covered by any other subclass
- F25D2400/40—Refrigerating devices characterised by electrical wiring
Definitions
- the invention relates to an insulated cabinet construction of a refrigerator, which has a freezer compartment.
- the invention particularly relates to an intermediate element which is integrated in the insulating layer of the cooling device.
- the condensed water that accumulates in the evaporator used is passed through a drainage pipe in an external evaporator tank of the refrigerator.
- the condensate evaporates in this evaporation tank due to the warm surface of an active compensator and is released into the ambient air.
- the compressor mounted to the evaporation vessel encloses the refrigerator from above and below, with the evaporator positioned above the cabinet of the refrigerator. As a result, the condensed water flows over the entire length of the freezer compartment for filling the Evaporatorplatte.
- this tube is integrated between the pan and the frame of the refrigerator in an insulating layer.
- fasteners Prior to casting the insulating material forming the insulating layer when the volume of the refrigerator is empty, fasteners are used to fix tubes or other connectors (e.g., cable assemblies) to the available prior art.
- this insulation material is a large-pored polyurethane foam that spreads to rigid sheet formation and exerts pressure on the parts that are in its orifices during its expansion.
- the listed fasteners are mounted on the one hand to the tub, on the other hand to the fasteners. Since the connecting elements are different in shape and have different diameters, a plurality of different types of fastening elements are used.
- a clamp with an inner circular wall is attached to the tub.
- Korean Patent No. 100710861 B proposes a solution.
- a heat-conducting metal spring extends from a position of the refrigerator with the function of a radiator through an opening of the drainage pipe. Disadvantage here is an additional consumption of energy.
- An object of the invention is to avoid clogging by freezing water in a refrigerator tube, which is attached to the insulating layer of the refrigerator.
- Another object of the invention is to prevent the formation of freeze water in the drainage pipe and to use fasteners to connect various elements to the drainage pipe.
- Another object of the invention is to simultaneously reduce the applied forces of the expanding polyurethane during the attachment of the drainage tube between the tub and the frame.
- the invention relates to a refrigerator including a cabinet / chamber, wherein there is a tub and a frame having an opening therebetween and an insulating layer positioned therein.
- the tub designates at least one cold room.
- an integrated tube which extends in a sufficient distance parallel to the tub.
- An existing in the opening fastener has a bottom plate fixed to the tub.
- a support plate is attached to the bottom plate and extends beyond the tub to the outside.
- a first support is attached to the mentioned support plate and runs in the direction of the tube. The fastener creates a certain opening between the tube and the tub.
- At least one cable group runs parallel to the trough, which is fastened to the fastening element.
- a second support fixed to the bottom plate comprises the cable group.
- the cooling system included in the unit ensures a low temperature in the cold room.
- the cited cooling system includes an evaporator attached to the pipe in some embodiments.
- the cited pipe is a drainage pipe for the evaporator.
- the first and second support members are C-shaped clamps that comprise the pipe.
- the stated support is made of elastic material.
- the cited clamps have an open end which faces outward to enclose the tube.
- the stated open end has curved edges to prevent damage to the pipe when attaching the clamp.
- the first and / or second supports have at least one oblique first extension to be a support member during encircling the tube and / or cable assembly.
- a second extension which extends to the support plate.
- a first extension which extends from the support plate inwardly and from the open end to the outside.
- Figure 1 is the perspective view of a domestic appliance with intermediate element having the structure of the existing invention theme.
- Figure 2 shows the included intermediate element of Figure 1 in enlarged form and the drainage pipe, which opens into the insulation layer - without cable group and frame.
- Figure 3a shows the front view of the intermediate element having the structure of the invention theme.
- Figure 3b shows the intermediate element of Figure 3a, in addition to a cable group and a drainage pipe, seen from above.
- Figure 3c is the perspective view of the intermediate element of Figure 3a, showing an open end over the clamp.
- Figure 1 shows a cooling chamber (1) with an insulating layer (30) having a cooling space (24), the cooling space being represented by a frame (10) and a trough (20) and also the trough (20) from the frame (10) is separated by an insulating layer (30).
- the cited insulation layer (30) is basically an expanding polyurethane that is made in situ from cast material and fills the opening between the frame (10) and the trough (20) during expansion.
- the pan (20) of the refrigerator can be made of metal or plastic.
- the preferably made of plastic drainage pipe (40) extends to a compressor (70), which is part of the tub (20) and the cooling system (90).
- the cited cooling system performs a water process; Below the bottom (14) of the frame (10) is a compressor (70) into which the coolant (not shown) is pressed and expanded in an evaporator (80) mounted above the cold room (24) to lower the air temperature , The cited compressor (70), in the active state, generates the required heat that flows through the drainage pipe to vaporize the water. The resulting steam is conducted into the room air.
- a cable group (60) runs parallel to a drainage pipe (40) and provides power to the control system (not shown) of the refrigerator. In order to be able to cover the cable group (60) and the drainage pipe (40) at the same time, a fastening element (50) was fastened to the trough (20).
- FIG. 2 and Figure 3a show the structure of a connector (50) having a flat rectangular bottom plate (51) attached to a trough (20).
- the tub (20) concerned is set up with an open end to a station, with the open end pointing downwards.
- This allows the connecting element (50) to be positioned perpendicular to the trough (20), inside a support plate (52) extends to the bottom plate (51) to which a drainage tube and a cable group are sequentially held and thus the first (53 ) and the second support (54) are formed.
- the connecting element (50) made of elastic material was produced as a one-piece cast element.
- the mentioned support plate (52) extends between the frame (10) and the bottom plate (51), the surface (55) of the support plate (52) contacts the frame (10), takes over the function of an intermediate element and separates the tub (20). and the frame (10) from each other.
- the relevant support plate (52) has an H-section.
- the first support member (53) extends along the side surface at the top of the support plate (52) and forms a clamp in c-shape with an open end (532). This open end (532) extends partially toward the frame (10) ( Figure 1). In order that all pipe damage can be avoided during the guidance of the drainage pipe (40) through the open end (532) to the first support element (53), it has curved edges (531) outwardly from the clamp on all sides.
- the respective edges (531) are mutually perpendicular (90 °) and the open end (532) is positioned partially rotated relative to the adjacent frame member (10).
- the second support (54) extends over the support plate (52) opposite the first support (53) and represents a curve as a first extension (X), which is a holding element (56).
- the respective holding element (56) is positioned obliquely to the support plate (52) and constitutes an opening (543) in order to be able to cover the cable group (60).
- Following the first extension (X) is a to the support plate (52) inclined second extension (Y).
- An edge (541) over this second extension (Y) is bent outwardly to provide resistance to possible damage to the cable assembly (60).
- the openings in the first and second extensions (532, 543) are sized smaller than the diameters of the drainage tube (40) and the cable assembly (50). As the drainage tube (40) and cable assembly (40) are inserted into these openings, the first and second supports (54) extend radially outward from the bottom plate to increase the opening width while retaining a spring force therein to return to the first position.
- the cited first support (53) has an arm (523) which is fixed on the one hand to the first support (53) above the lower spring of the C-shaped clamp under the bottom plate (52) and on the other hand to the lower part of the bottom plate (52 ) is attached.
- the cited arm (523) reinforces the first post (53), which is loaded by pressure when guided by the drainage tube (40), and forms a triangular shape.
- An edge support (544) is formed on the outer edge of the second support (54) to counteract the tension created by the pressure created when connecting the cable assembly (60).
- FIG. 5a shows the three openings (521) of the bottom plate (52), which are provided with square and curved edges and thereby allow the foam to spread into the bottom plate (52).
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)
- Removal Of Water From Condensation And Defrosting (AREA)
Abstract
L'invention concerne un appareil frigorifique qui possède une cuve (20) et un cadre (10) entre lesquels se trouve une ouverture dans laquelle est intégrée une couche d'isolation (30). La cuve (20) possède au moins une chambre appelée espace de refroidissement (24). Dans la couche d'isolation (30) mentionnée est incorporé un tube (40) s'étendant sensiblement parallèlement à la cuve (20). Il existe entre le tube (40) et la cuve (20) une ouverture dans laquelle se trouve un élément de connexion fixé (50), avec une plaque de fond (51). Une plaque de support (52) est fixée à la plaque de fond (51) et s'étend depuis la cuve (20) vers l'extérieur. Sur cette plaque de support (52) est fixé un premier élément de support (53) qui se prolonge dans le tube (40).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| TR2007/05487A TR200705487A2 (tr) | 2007-08-08 | 2007-08-08 | Buzdolabı. |
| TR2007/05487 | 2007-08-08 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2009019268A2 true WO2009019268A2 (fr) | 2009-02-12 |
| WO2009019268A3 WO2009019268A3 (fr) | 2009-05-07 |
Family
ID=40341810
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2008/060270 Ceased WO2009019268A2 (fr) | 2007-08-08 | 2008-08-05 | Appareil frigorifique |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| TR (1) | TR200705487A2 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2009019268A2 (fr) |
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102313430A (zh) * | 2010-07-02 | 2012-01-11 | 无锡松下冷机有限公司 | 冰箱 |
| WO2012059337A3 (fr) * | 2010-11-03 | 2013-01-17 | BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH | Appareil frigorifique comprenant un porte-conducteur et procédé pour le réaliser |
| WO2012089475A3 (fr) * | 2010-12-29 | 2013-02-21 | Arcelik Anonim Sirketi | Dispositif de refroidissement comportant un élément de retenue de tuyau |
| WO2012059341A3 (fr) * | 2010-11-03 | 2013-02-28 | BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH | Appareil frigorifique sur lequel est injecté un porte-conducteur et procédé pour le réaliser |
| CN105865129A (zh) * | 2016-04-01 | 2016-08-17 | 青岛海尔股份有限公司 | 冰箱及用于冰箱的卡持件 |
| WO2019020176A1 (fr) | 2017-07-26 | 2019-01-31 | Electrolux Appliances Aktiebolag | Appareil de refroidissement comprenant un élément de raccordement permettant de supporter des tubes ou des fils ou similaires |
| WO2019025003A1 (fr) | 2017-08-04 | 2019-02-07 | Electrolux Appliances Aktiebolag | Procédé d'assemblage d'un appareil de refroidissement, ligne d'assemblage de mise en œuvre de celui-ci, et compartiment dudit appareil de refroidissement |
| US10605520B1 (en) * | 2019-03-25 | 2020-03-31 | Whirlpool Corporation | Vacuum insulation assembly for an appliance |
| US10739062B2 (en) * | 2018-04-10 | 2020-08-11 | Bsh Hausgeraete Gmbh | Refrigeration appliance |
| CN115947292A (zh) * | 2022-12-31 | 2023-04-11 | 塔罗斯科技股份有限公司 | 一种饮料机的出液管固定结构 |
| US12474110B2 (en) | 2023-01-03 | 2025-11-18 | Whirlpool Corporation | Tube routing system for a cooling appliance |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002062029A (ja) * | 2000-08-11 | 2002-02-28 | Fujitsu General Ltd | 冷蔵庫 |
| JP2002081841A (ja) * | 2000-09-06 | 2002-03-22 | Fujitsu General Ltd | 電気冷蔵庫 |
| JP4189253B2 (ja) * | 2003-04-04 | 2008-12-03 | ホシザキ電機株式会社 | 冷却貯蔵庫 |
| JP4614673B2 (ja) * | 2004-02-19 | 2011-01-19 | ホシザキ電機株式会社 | 冷却貯蔵庫の管継手接続構造 |
-
2007
- 2007-08-08 TR TR2007/05487A patent/TR200705487A2/xx unknown
-
2008
- 2008-08-05 WO PCT/EP2008/060270 patent/WO2009019268A2/fr not_active Ceased
Cited By (25)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102313430A (zh) * | 2010-07-02 | 2012-01-11 | 无锡松下冷机有限公司 | 冰箱 |
| CN103189698B (zh) * | 2010-11-03 | 2016-08-10 | Bsh家用电器有限公司 | 具有注塑上的管线保持器的制冷器具及其制造方法 |
| WO2012059337A3 (fr) * | 2010-11-03 | 2013-01-17 | BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH | Appareil frigorifique comprenant un porte-conducteur et procédé pour le réaliser |
| WO2012059341A3 (fr) * | 2010-11-03 | 2013-02-28 | BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH | Appareil frigorifique sur lequel est injecté un porte-conducteur et procédé pour le réaliser |
| CN103189698A (zh) * | 2010-11-03 | 2013-07-03 | Bsh博世和西门子家用电器有限公司 | 具有注塑上的管线保持器的制冷器具及其制造方法 |
| CN103189697A (zh) * | 2010-11-03 | 2013-07-03 | Bsh博世和西门子家用电器有限公司 | 具有管线保持器的制冷器具以及用于制造制冷器具的方法 |
| CN103189697B (zh) * | 2010-11-03 | 2016-08-17 | Bsh家用电器有限公司 | 具有管线保持器的制冷器具以及用于制造制冷器具的方法 |
| AU2011351683B2 (en) * | 2010-12-29 | 2016-09-29 | Arcelik Anonim Sirketi | A cooling device comprising a pipe retainer |
| CN103380341B (zh) * | 2010-12-29 | 2016-03-16 | 阿塞里克股份有限公司 | 包括管保持器的冷却装置 |
| US20140174119A1 (en) * | 2010-12-29 | 2014-06-26 | Ozgun Atac Gultekin | Cooling device comprising a pipe retainer |
| CN103380341A (zh) * | 2010-12-29 | 2013-10-30 | 阿塞里克股份有限公司 | 包括管保持器的冷却装置 |
| WO2012089475A3 (fr) * | 2010-12-29 | 2013-02-21 | Arcelik Anonim Sirketi | Dispositif de refroidissement comportant un élément de retenue de tuyau |
| US9599391B2 (en) * | 2010-12-29 | 2017-03-21 | Arcelik Anonim Sirketi | Cooling device comprising a pipe retainer |
| CN105865129A (zh) * | 2016-04-01 | 2016-08-17 | 青岛海尔股份有限公司 | 冰箱及用于冰箱的卡持件 |
| US11497135B2 (en) | 2017-07-26 | 2022-11-08 | Electrolux Appliances Aktiebolag | Cooling apparatus comprising a connecting element for supporting tubes or wires or the like |
| CN110998214A (zh) * | 2017-07-26 | 2020-04-10 | 伊莱克斯家用电器股份公司 | 包括用于支撑管或线或类似物的连接元件的冷却设备 |
| WO2019020176A1 (fr) | 2017-07-26 | 2019-01-31 | Electrolux Appliances Aktiebolag | Appareil de refroidissement comprenant un élément de raccordement permettant de supporter des tubes ou des fils ou similaires |
| AU2017424694B2 (en) * | 2017-07-26 | 2024-03-28 | Electrolux Appliances Aktiebolag | Cooling apparatus comprising a connecting element for supporting tubes or wires or the like |
| WO2019025003A1 (fr) | 2017-08-04 | 2019-02-07 | Electrolux Appliances Aktiebolag | Procédé d'assemblage d'un appareil de refroidissement, ligne d'assemblage de mise en œuvre de celui-ci, et compartiment dudit appareil de refroidissement |
| US11415967B2 (en) | 2017-08-04 | 2022-08-16 | Electrolux Appliances Aktiebolag | Method for assembling a cooling apparatus, an assembling line implementing the same, and a compartment of said cooling apparatus |
| US10739062B2 (en) * | 2018-04-10 | 2020-08-11 | Bsh Hausgeraete Gmbh | Refrigeration appliance |
| US10605520B1 (en) * | 2019-03-25 | 2020-03-31 | Whirlpool Corporation | Vacuum insulation assembly for an appliance |
| US11555645B2 (en) | 2019-03-25 | 2023-01-17 | Whirlpool Corporation | Vacuum insulation assembly for an appliance |
| CN115947292A (zh) * | 2022-12-31 | 2023-04-11 | 塔罗斯科技股份有限公司 | 一种饮料机的出液管固定结构 |
| US12474110B2 (en) | 2023-01-03 | 2025-11-18 | Whirlpool Corporation | Tube routing system for a cooling appliance |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| TR200705487A2 (tr) | 2009-02-23 |
| WO2009019268A3 (fr) | 2009-05-07 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| WO2009019268A2 (fr) | Appareil frigorifique | |
| DE212020000483U1 (de) | Ein Kühlmodul für ein mobiles Kühlgerät und ein mobiles Kühlgerät | |
| EP2638337B1 (fr) | Évaporateur | |
| DE112012005079T5 (de) | Wärmepumpenkreislauf | |
| DE202015101481U1 (de) | Adsorptionsklimatisierungssystem | |
| EP2664868B1 (fr) | Dispositif de pompe à chaleur et évaporateur pour un dispositif de pompe à chaleur | |
| DE2604043A1 (de) | Enteisungssystem fuer eine verdichterkaeltemaschine | |
| DE102007062022A1 (de) | Kältegerät | |
| DE112023002634T5 (de) | Kältemittelkreislaufeinheit | |
| DE102010017640A1 (de) | Flüssigkeits-Superkühlsystem | |
| DE102010040250A1 (de) | Kältegerät, insbesondere Haushaltskältegerät | |
| EP2281156B1 (fr) | Appareil frigorifique doté d'une surface d'évaporateur rabattue et un procédé de montage d'un appareil frigorifique | |
| DE102019200673A1 (de) | Kältegerät mit automatisch abtaubarem Verdampfer | |
| DE60302482T2 (de) | Klimaanlage mit reduziertem Verrohrungsaufwand | |
| EP2297535B1 (fr) | Réfrigérateur | |
| DE202013101884U1 (de) | Vorrichtung zum Aufnehmen und Verdampfen von kondensierten Flüssigkeiten an einer Kälteanlage und Kälteanlage mit dieser Vorrichtung | |
| EP0010181B1 (fr) | Armoire frigorifique à absorption | |
| WO2012028468A2 (fr) | Appareil frigorifique, notamment appareil frigorifique ménager | |
| EP2612088B1 (fr) | Appareil frigorifique et procédé de fabrication correspondant | |
| WO2001013051A1 (fr) | Evaporateur pour un appareil frigorifique electromenager | |
| EP2788696B1 (fr) | Appareil frigorifique à bac d'évaporation | |
| EP3365623A1 (fr) | Appareil frigorifique domestique pourvu d'un compartiment réfrigérateur, un compartiment congélateur et une soupape de compensation de pression | |
| DE102013215929B4 (de) | Batteriemodul und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Batteriemoduls | |
| EP0698771B1 (fr) | Congélateur | |
| DE102019200631A1 (de) | Kältegerät |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 08786878 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A2 |
|
| NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
| 122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |
Ref document number: 08786878 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A2 |