WO2009059443A1 - Cellule bipolaire pour empilement de cellules à combustible - Google Patents

Cellule bipolaire pour empilement de cellules à combustible Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009059443A1
WO2009059443A1 PCT/CH2008/000464 CH2008000464W WO2009059443A1 WO 2009059443 A1 WO2009059443 A1 WO 2009059443A1 CH 2008000464 W CH2008000464 W CH 2008000464W WO 2009059443 A1 WO2009059443 A1 WO 2009059443A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
bipolzelle
planar
bipolar plate
electrolyte
bipolar
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CH2008/000464
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Ulf Bossel
Beat Gut
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ALMUS AG
Original Assignee
ALMUS AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ALMUS AG filed Critical ALMUS AG
Publication of WO2009059443A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009059443A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
    • H01M8/1213—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the electrode/electrolyte combination or the supporting material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
    • H01M8/1231—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
    • H01M8/2425—High-temperature cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/2432—Grouping of unit cells of planar configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
    • H01M8/2483—Details of groupings of fuel cells characterised by internal manifolds
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
    • H01M8/124—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the process of manufacturing or by the material of the electrolyte
    • H01M8/1246—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the process of manufacturing or by the material of the electrolyte the electrolyte consisting of oxides
    • H01M8/1253—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the process of manufacturing or by the material of the electrolyte the electrolyte consisting of oxides the electrolyte containing zirconium oxide
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
    • H01M8/124—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the process of manufacturing or by the material of the electrolyte
    • H01M8/1246—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the process of manufacturing or by the material of the electrolyte the electrolyte consisting of oxides
    • H01M8/126—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the process of manufacturing or by the material of the electrolyte the electrolyte consisting of oxides the electrolyte containing cerium oxide
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • a fuel cell stack consists of at least two repeat units, each having at least two separately manufactured components, namely an electrochemically active cell and a bipolar plate, which conducts both the current from one cell to the next, as well as for supplying the cell with fuel and air is.
  • the parts are stacked on top of each other so that there is an electrical series circuit and two separate fuel and air gas supply systems in the stack.
  • air is conventionally used as a cathodic reaction gas and fuel as an anodic reaction gas.
  • Level oxide ceramic cells are produced individually mainly by ceramic processing technology.
  • the anode and cathode must be applied to the front and back of this, avoiding a short circuit between the electrodes by leaving the edges free.
  • a porous layer of anode material serves as a supporting substrate.
  • An additional layer of anode material with a better microstructure for the electrochemical reactions is applied to this substrate.
  • the same side is covered with a thin electrolyte layer and finally with a cathode layer. Again, the edge is released.
  • additional intermediate layers can be introduced. From the cathode is not known that it is used in flat cells as a supporting layer.
  • porous metal sheets are also used, after which the functional layers are applied by suitable methods. Usual is the layer structure anode-electrolyte cathode, the reverse order is not excluded. It is important here that ceramic processing technology is completely dispensed with in cell production. However, in the case of individual production of the cells, the cell surface must be masked at least for the application of the second electrode, ie a portion of the electrolyte must be covered.
  • oxide ceramic cells are placed in the correct sequence between bipolar plates with the appropriate gas guide.
  • the gas spaces of the electrodes against each other and the anode space against the environment must be completed so far that no unwanted, direct combustion takes place.
  • the behavior of the stack is essentially determined by the geometry of the gas guides. If air and fuel are passed through the cell in parallel, this is referred to as co-flow; if they are directed parallel to each other, this is counter-flow and if the gas flows cross, this is referred to as cross-flow.
  • Examples include the sealing by means of a glass-ceramic paste or the welding of the cells into box-shaped metallic modules.
  • the seal of the gas spaces between bipolar plate and cell can be most easily realized with cells carried by the electrolyte, because the two porous electrodes are thin and thus the leakage along the flat sealing zone to the edge is very low.
  • Those of porous substrates Carrying cell types cause greater sealing problems, because the thicker porous substrate allows much higher leakage rates.
  • the leakage can be reduced by infiltration of sealing media into the edge area of the substrates or by closing the edge. Both means additional effort in cell production.
  • the integration of the cells in the stack is crucial for the function of the fuel cell.
  • the sealing of the gas chambers is not a trivial problem with even cells.
  • the entire surface electrical contacting of an electrode with the adjacent bipolar plate must be ensured.
  • the cells are pressed in the stack to the adjacent bipolar plates.
  • a contact paste of material which conducts electricity well and is similar to the respective electrode is often applied.
  • the ceramic cells described above are all relatively fragile.
  • the cells should be as large as possible for optimal fuel utilization, on the other hand, the electrolyte must be thin in order to minimize the internal resistance of the cell. The latter can hardly be realized with cells carried by the electrolyte.
  • the electrolyte can be applied very thin.
  • the porous substrate of these cells has poor mechanical properties and therefore needs to be made thicker. This leads to the already described sealing problems. All ceramic cells are very susceptible to breakage. They must therefore be handled with extreme care and tend to crack during operation. For procedural reasons, the ceramic cells are produced individually, so go through each of the necessary coating and sintering steps. Experience
  • the innovative Bipolzelle is a layer composite, which is mechanically supported by the bipolar plate (1).
  • the open gas channels of the bipolar plate (1) are covered with a porous, thin carrier layer (2), wherein the carrier layer (2) is positively and electrically connected to the bipolar plate (1).
  • the cell applied according to the invention by layer-forming methods thus needs no mechanical inherent stability and can be applied as thinly as the function of the layers permits. Since the bipolar plate (1) already contains the gas distribution systems (7, 8) for the reaction gases, no further component for the stack construction is necessary.
  • the layer composite can thus be regarded as a semi-finished product that is manufactured by the meter and can be processed into batch repeat units.
  • the coating area is not limited by the cell size.
  • Bipolzelle allows bilateral coating of the bipolar plate with the functional layers, which largely eliminates the rejection of the composite layer as a result of different thermal expansion coefficients of the different materials.
  • both sides of the supporting bipolar plate (1) are covered with a carrier layer (2).
  • the functional layers are on the cathode side in the order of cathode, electrolyte, anode and anode side in the order of anode, electrolyte, cathode applied.
  • the last step in the process is cutting out of the layer composite.
  • an uncoated bipolar plate is placed between two cells.
  • the invention brings significant advantages. Compared to conventional methods, the manufacturing process runs in reverse order. Usually, substrates are first manufactured in cell size and then individually coated in several, because of the necessary masking labor intensive steps. In the method according to the invention, a flat coating without masking is provided. The batch repeating units or the bipolar cells are cut out of the layer composite in the last method step.
  • the order of the production steps is changed so that a cost-effective mass production of high-quality cells is possible.
  • the successive production steps A to H serve to explain the manufacturing process.
  • the preparation of batch repeat units begins with the incorporation of the channel structures (7, 8) for one or a plurality of bipolar plates into a sheet.
  • This bipolar plate sheet may be tailored for one or more single cells.
  • For continuous mass production can be used by the coil unwound metal strips.
  • the Channel patterns may be incorporated into the bipolar plate sheet by stamping, forging, etching, milling, electroerosion or other methods. They are arranged with the necessary precision on the sheet so that in this state complete bipolar plates or after the steps B to F batch repeating units or bipolar cells can be cut out.
  • the carrier layer (2) is frictionally and electrically conductively connected to the Bipolaplatten- sheet over the entire surface or partially on each channel pattern (6).
  • a thin (0.1 to 0.5 mm thick) porous metal foil a metal mesh or a metal foam can be used.
  • the connection can be made by brazing, diffusion bonding, induction welding or other suitable method.
  • the assignment of the bipolar plate sheet can be unilaterally either on the side of the fuel gas channels or on the side of the air ducts.
  • the first electrode layer (3) is applied to this carrier layer (2) over the whole area by means of a suitable method, the cathode in the air-side or the anode in the case of the fuel-side carrier layer.
  • the layer can be made by thermal spraying, sputtering, or other layer-building techniques.
  • the electrolyte (4) is then applied over the entire surface.
  • the same method as for application of the first electrode or another method can be used.
  • the corresponding counter electrode (5) is also applied over the entire surface. Again, the same or another coating method find application.
  • steps C D and E further intermediate layers can be applied, which serve as a catalyst for electrochemical reactions, for phase stabilization or as a diffusion barrier.
  • the batch repeat unit is now ready to be cut. This can be done by laser, water jet cutting, punching or other suitable processing methods. For this, each stack repeat unit or bipolar cells has to be cut out of the layer composite according to the prefabricated channel pattern.
  • the batch repeating units or the bipolar cells are ready for stacking.
  • steps A, F, G and H remain identical.
  • a carrier layer (2) is applied on both sides, wherein the structure of the carrier layer can be different and adapted to the requirements of the cathode or the anode.
  • Steps C to E may be alternately executed in this order for one page, or for one or two layers, respectively.
  • FIG. 1 layer structure of a planar Bipolzelle or a Stapelwiederholungsaku and bore (9) in the stacking direction with connecting channel (10) to a gas distribution channel system in the bipolar plate.
  • Fig. 2 layer structure of a planar Bipolzelle with coating on both sides and holes (9) in the stacking direction with connecting channels (10) to both gas distribution channel systems in the bipolar plate.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne l'intégration de toutes les fonctions d'une cellule électrochimique plane dans une cellule bipolaire. Une cellule bipolaire comprend une plaque bipolaire (1) pourvue de canaux de gaz (7, 8), au moins une couche support poreuse (2), et au moins un stratifié constitué des couches fonctionnelles suivantes : électrode (3), électrolyte (4) et contre-électrode (5). La plaque bipolaire métallique (1) est, par des procédés appropriés, reliée (6) de manière thermostable à la couche support (2), mince et perméable aux gaz. Les couches fonctionnelles (3, 4 et 5) sont appliquées sur la couche support (2) par des techniques de revêtement, conformément à leur fonction. La cellule bipolaire est découpée dans le composite précité au moyen d'une méthode de coupe appropriée. Un ou plusieurs perçages sont en outre découpés pour diriger les gaz de réaction le long de l'empilement (9). Des canaux de liaison (10) sont pratiqués à partir de la paroi d'un tel perçage dans la plaque bipolaire ; ils mènent aux canaux de gaz correspondants (7 ou 8) pour le gaz de réaction cathodique ou anodique.
PCT/CH2008/000464 2007-11-07 2008-11-05 Cellule bipolaire pour empilement de cellules à combustible Ceased WO2009059443A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH17272007 2007-11-07
CH1727/07 2007-11-07

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2009059443A1 true WO2009059443A1 (fr) 2009-05-14

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PCT/CH2008/000464 Ceased WO2009059443A1 (fr) 2007-11-07 2008-11-05 Cellule bipolaire pour empilement de cellules à combustible

Country Status (1)

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WO (1) WO2009059443A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2660917A4 (fr) * 2010-12-28 2016-11-23 Posco Cellule unitaire de pile à combustible à oxyde solide supportée par un métal, son procédé de préparation et empilement de piles à combustible à oxyde solide utilisant la cellule unitaire
WO2022002815A1 (fr) * 2020-07-03 2022-01-06 Robert Bosch Gmbh Procédé de fabrication d'une plaque bipolaire, plaque bipolaire et pile à combustible

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0410166A1 (fr) * 1989-07-24 1991-01-30 Asea Brown Boveri Ag Elément de construction pour la conduction du courant pour piles à combustibles fonctionnant à haute température
EP0423448A1 (fr) * 1989-09-20 1991-04-24 Asea Brown Boveri Ag Collecteur pour la conduction du courant entre des cellules à combustible arrangées selon une pile et fonctionnant à haute température et méthode de fabrication
EP0424732A1 (fr) * 1989-10-27 1991-05-02 Asea Brown Boveri Ag Elément de conduction du courant pour des cellules à combustible empilées fonctionnant à haute température et sa méthode de fabrication
US5496655A (en) * 1994-10-12 1996-03-05 Lockheed Idaho Technologies Company Catalytic bipolar interconnection plate for use in a fuel cell
DE19627504C1 (de) * 1996-07-08 1997-10-23 Siemens Ag Verbundleiterplatte und Verwendung einer Verbundleiterplatte für einen Hochtemperatur-Brennstoffzellenstapel
WO1999054131A1 (fr) * 1998-04-16 1999-10-28 Alstom Uk Ltd. Revetements vitroceramiques et ensembles d'etancheite et leur utilisation dans des cellules electrochimiques
US20060051661A1 (en) * 2002-11-16 2006-03-09 Meacham G B Kirby Diffusion stabilized gas barriers
WO2007116822A1 (fr) * 2006-03-31 2007-10-18 Mitsubishi Materials Corporation Pile à combustible à oxyde solide

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0410166A1 (fr) * 1989-07-24 1991-01-30 Asea Brown Boveri Ag Elément de construction pour la conduction du courant pour piles à combustibles fonctionnant à haute température
EP0423448A1 (fr) * 1989-09-20 1991-04-24 Asea Brown Boveri Ag Collecteur pour la conduction du courant entre des cellules à combustible arrangées selon une pile et fonctionnant à haute température et méthode de fabrication
EP0424732A1 (fr) * 1989-10-27 1991-05-02 Asea Brown Boveri Ag Elément de conduction du courant pour des cellules à combustible empilées fonctionnant à haute température et sa méthode de fabrication
US5496655A (en) * 1994-10-12 1996-03-05 Lockheed Idaho Technologies Company Catalytic bipolar interconnection plate for use in a fuel cell
DE19627504C1 (de) * 1996-07-08 1997-10-23 Siemens Ag Verbundleiterplatte und Verwendung einer Verbundleiterplatte für einen Hochtemperatur-Brennstoffzellenstapel
WO1999054131A1 (fr) * 1998-04-16 1999-10-28 Alstom Uk Ltd. Revetements vitroceramiques et ensembles d'etancheite et leur utilisation dans des cellules electrochimiques
US20060051661A1 (en) * 2002-11-16 2006-03-09 Meacham G B Kirby Diffusion stabilized gas barriers
WO2007116822A1 (fr) * 2006-03-31 2007-10-18 Mitsubishi Materials Corporation Pile à combustible à oxyde solide

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2660917A4 (fr) * 2010-12-28 2016-11-23 Posco Cellule unitaire de pile à combustible à oxyde solide supportée par un métal, son procédé de préparation et empilement de piles à combustible à oxyde solide utilisant la cellule unitaire
WO2022002815A1 (fr) * 2020-07-03 2022-01-06 Robert Bosch Gmbh Procédé de fabrication d'une plaque bipolaire, plaque bipolaire et pile à combustible

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