WO2009069976A2 - Train à lévitation magnétique - Google Patents

Train à lévitation magnétique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009069976A2
WO2009069976A2 PCT/KR2008/007062 KR2008007062W WO2009069976A2 WO 2009069976 A2 WO2009069976 A2 WO 2009069976A2 KR 2008007062 W KR2008007062 W KR 2008007062W WO 2009069976 A2 WO2009069976 A2 WO 2009069976A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
permanent magnets
train body
train
field coils
guide rail
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/KR2008/007062
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English (en)
Other versions
WO2009069976A3 (fr
Inventor
Sam Kyung Sung
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Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of WO2009069976A2 publication Critical patent/WO2009069976A2/fr
Publication of WO2009069976A3 publication Critical patent/WO2009069976A3/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L13/00—Electric propulsion for monorail vehicles, suspension vehicles or rack railways; Magnetic suspension or levitation for vehicles
    • B60L13/04—Magnetic suspension or levitation for vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
    • B60L2200/26—Rail vehicles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a magnetic levitation train, which enables a train body to be slightly levitated from a rail by the repulsive force of magnets and, at the same time, generates a drive force in the longitudinal direction of the rail, thus enabling high-speed traveling.
  • Such a magnetic levitation train is levitated by magnetic force so as to travel over rails.
  • the support and locomotive functions which were performed by the wheels of a typical railway vehicle, are performed by electromagnets that are mounted to the magnetic levitation train.
  • the above-described magnetic levitation train has advantages in that it can travel fast, in that it does not generate noise, in that it generates a small amplitude vibration, and in that it is environmentally friendly because no pollutants are discharged. Thanks to these advantages, the magnetic levitation train is expected to be used in urban areas as a next-generation transportation means.
  • the present invention is directed to provide a magnetic levitation train that can solve various problems occurring in existing magnetic levitation trains and, more particularly, to provide a new type of magnetic levitation train which not only can achieve excellent stability when traveling but also which can travel at high speed and, in addition, can play a role in saving energy, thus greatly contributing to the commercialization of magnetic levitation trains.
  • the present invention provides a magnetic levitation train, which can achieve excellent stability, can travel at high speed, and can minimize energy costs.
  • the present invention provides a magnetic levitation train, including: guides mounted on the left and right sides of the upper portion of a train body and made of permanent magnets; upper guide rails mounted to the left and right portions of the train body opposite the guides and made of permanent magnets, the permanent magnets having a magnetic polarity identical to that of the guides; a drive unit mounted under the train body and provided with a drive means and a lower guide rail; plural pairs of permanent magnets mounted on the left and right sides of the lower guide rail so as to be opposite each other, each pair of permanent magnets being spaced apart from the neighboring pairs of permanent magnets by a predetermined distance and being magnetized to have opposite polarities; field coils located between the permanent magnets and fixedly mounted below the train body; and a guide means mounted on a lower end of the field coils to be guided into the lower guide rail; wherein the drive means comprises the permanent magnets mounted on the left and right sides of the lower guide rail so as to be spaced apart from each other by the predetermined distance, field
  • the magnetic levitation train according to the present invention is configured to use the force that is obtained when one field coil, which is mounted to a train body and two permanent magnets, which are mounted on a lower guide rail, are repelled from each other in a narrow gap by mutual magnetic force, thus not only acquiring a large amount of torque when traveling but also reducing energy costs.
  • the train body is reliably supported by the upper guide rails in a levitated state, and is guided such that the lateral shaking thereof is prevented from occurring thanks to the reliable drive of the lower guide rail, so that excellent traveling stability and high-speed traveling can be achieved.
  • the magnetic levitation train is designed to travel along a tunnel, so that it can always travel regardless of weather or climate.
  • FIG. 1 is a front sectional view showing the construction of a magnetic levitation train according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a front sectional view showing the construction of a modification of the magnetic levitation train according to the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a sectional view showing the construction of an example of the upper and lower guide rails of the magnetic levitation train according to the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a sectional view showing the construction of another example of the upper and lower guide rails of the magnetic levitation train according to the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a view showing the construction of a slide frame, which is mounted in the lower portion of the magnetic levitation train according to the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a view showing the construction of a slide frame, which is mounted in the lower portion of the magnetic levitation train according to the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a cut-away plan view showing the arrangement of permanent magnets, field coils and proximity sensors when the magnetic levitation train according to the present invention is moved forwards by a drive means;
  • FIG. 7 is a cut-away plan view showing the arrangement of permanent magnets, field coils and proximity sensors when the magnetic levitation train according to the present invention is moved backwards by the drive means;
  • FIG. 8 is a cut-away view showing the arrangement of permanent magnets, a field coil and proximity sensors when the magnetic levitation train according to the present invention is stopped by the drive means; [20] FIG.
  • FIG. 9 is a cut-away view showing the arrangement of permanent magnets, a field coil and proximity sensors when the magnetic levitation train according to the present invention is moved forwards by the drive means;
  • FIG. 10 is a cut-away view showing the arrangement of permanent magnets, a field coil and proximity sensors when the magnetic levitation train according to the present invention is moved backwards by the drive means;
  • FIG. 11 is a sectional view showing the construction of a braking-generating means, which is mounted to the magnetic levitation train according to the present invention;
  • FIG. 12 is a sectional view illustrating the operation of the braking-generating means, which is mounted to the magnetic levitation train according to the present invention; [24] FIG.
  • FIG. 13 is a front sectional view showing the construction of the braking-generating means, which is mounted to the magnetic levitation train according to the present invention
  • FIG. 14 is a longitudinal sectional view schematically showing the case where the magnetic levitation train according to the present invention moves through a tunnel
  • FIG. 15 is a transverse sectional view schematically showing the case where the magnetic levitation train according to the present invention moves through a tunnel
  • FIG. 16 is a view showing the construction of a manipulation lever, which functions to control the forward and backward drive of the drive means of the magnetic levitation train according to the present invention
  • FIG. 17 is a diagram showing a circuit configured by the manipulation lever, which functions to control the forward and backward drive of the drive means of the magnetic levitation train according to the present invention, and proximity sensors; and [29] FIG. 18 is a diagram showing a circuit configured by the braking-generating means of the magnetic levitation train according to the present invention. [30] ⁇ Description of characters of principal elements>
  • connection member 25 a pinion
  • a magnetic levitation train according to the present invention may be configured as shown in FIGS. 1 to 18.
  • the accompanying drawings are provided to help understanding of various embodiments.
  • the present invention may be modified in various ways within a range that does not depart from the technical spirit of the present invention.
  • the magnetic levitation train 1 includes upper guide rails 3, which are configured to safely guide the upper portion of a train body 2 by levitating the upper portion of the train body 2 so as to space it apart from the upper guide rails 3 by a predetermined distance using a magnetic repulsive force and preventing the upper portion of the train body 2 from being moved off the upper guide rails 3, and a drive unit 4, which is mounted under the train body 2 and is configured to selectively drive the forward or backward movement of the train body 2. Accordingly, the magnetic levitation train 1 according to the present invention can reliably travel at high speed.
  • guides 5 which are located on the left and right sides of the upper portion of the train body 2 and are made of permanent magnets, are mounted in the longitudinal direction of the train body 2.
  • the upper guide rails 3 are spaced apart from the guides 5 due to magnetic force, thereby safely guiding the left and right upper portions of the train body 2.
  • the upper guide rails 3 may be mounted on the left and right upper ends of a tunnel structure, the upper portion of which is opened, without using any supports 6.
  • the drive unit 4 includes a drive means 7, which is mounted under the train body 2, and a lower guide rail 8 which is configured to provide a driving force for moving the train body 2 forwards or backward in conjunction with the drive means 7 and to safely guide the train body 2.
  • Plural pairs of permanent magnets 9 and 10 are mounted on both sides of the lower guide rail 8 so as to be opposite each other. Each pair of permanent magnets 9 and 10 are spaced apart from the neighboring pairs of permanent magnets, and are magnetized to have opposite polarities. [59] Furthermore, field coils 11 are fixedly mounted below the train body 2 at regular intervals, and are located between the plural pairs of permanent magnets 9 and 10. A guide means 12 is mounted to a lower end of the field coils 11 so as to prevent the train body 2 from colliding with the lower guide rail 8 when traveling and to minimize the lateral shaking of the train body 2.
  • the guide means 12 may be configured such that a bearing 13 is mounted to the lower end of the field coils 11, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, or may be configured such that permanent magnets 14 are mounted to the lower end of the field coils 11, and such that a permanent magnet 15, having the same polarities as those of the permanent magnets 14, is laterally mounted in the lower guide rail 8, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 4.
  • the drive means 7 includes a plurality of proximity sensors 16, which are mounted below the train body 2 on the left and right sides of the field coils 11, and detection plates 16a, which are arranged in zigzag fashion along with the permanent magnets 9 and 10, which are arranged on the left and right sides of the lower guide rail 8 as shown in FIGS. 6 and 11.
  • the proximity sensors 16 are mounted at regular intervals on a slide frame 17, which is located under the train body 2 and which is configured to slide forwards and backwards below the train body 2 when the train body 2 is moved forward or backward or when the train body 2 is braked.
  • the sliding of the slide frame 17 can be controlled in such a way that the slide frame 17 is guided on guide frames 18 in which respective bearings are provided.
  • the slide frame 17 is connected with a manipulation lever 19 mounted in the control room (not shown) of the train body 2.
  • the manipulation lever 19 functions to selectively control the forward and backward movements of the train body 2.
  • the slide frame 17 slides forwards or backwards under the train body 2 by the manipulation of the manipulation lever 19, and thus the location of the slide frame 17 can be controlled.
  • a braking motor switch 19a which will be described later, is mounted on the manipulation lever 19 so that the train body 2 can be braked.
  • the locations of the proximity sensors 16 mounted on the slide frame 17 at regular intervals change with respect to the field coils 11 that are fixedly mounted below the train body 2, and thus the field coils 11 are placed in a nonpolar state or are magnetized to have N and S polarities due to the electromagnetic field of the field coils 11. Accordingly, the train body 2 can be normally braked or can be moved forwards or backwards (refer to FIGS. 6 to 10).
  • a braking-generating means 20 is mounted on the rear side of the train body 2 so as to generate electricity while performing normal braking or sudden braking, as shown in FIGS. 11 to 13.
  • a braking box 22, in which a plurality of field coils 21 is mounted, is connected with a braking motor 23 via a connection member 25.
  • the connection member 25 includes a pinion 25 a, which is fastened to the motor shaft 24 of the braking motor 23, which can be rotated in the forward and backward directions, and a rack gear 25b, which is engaged with the pinion 25a.
  • the braking-generating means 20 enables the braking to be achieved by the permanent magnets 9 and 10 and the magnetic force while the braking box 22, in which the field coils 21 are mounted, is lowered into the lower guide rail 8.
  • a sudden braking motor 23a is additionally mounted.
  • the connection of the sudden braking motor 23 a is also made via the connection member 25. Accordingly, when it is necessary to suddenly brake the train body 2, the sudden braking motor 23a is driven to rotate at high speed, and thus the sudden braking can be achieved.
  • the braking motor 23 is rotated in the forward and backward directions by the manipulation of the braking motor switch 19a, which is mounted on the manipulation lever 19 as shown in FIG. 16, thus braking the train body 2.
  • the sudden braking motor 23a is used when it is necessary to suddenly brake the train body 2 by manipulating the sudden braking motor switch 29 shown in FIG. 18.
  • partition walls 27 are mounted in the tunnel 26 for respective predetermined sections so as to be automatically raised and lowered.
  • one or more suction fans 28 are mounted in the tunnel so as to suck air and discharge the sucked air to the outside.
  • an opening detection sensor 30 and a closing detection sensor 31 are mounted in the respective front and rear ends of the train body 2, and detection parts 32 and 33, which are detected by the opening and closing detection sensors 30 and 31, are mounted close to the partition walls 27, which are mounted in the tunnel 26 (refer to FIG. 14 and 15).
  • the manipulation lever 19, which is used to control the neutral (braking), drive and reverse operations of the train body 2, and the sudden braking motor switch 29, which is used to brake or suddenly brake the train body 2, are mounted in the control room of the train body 2.
  • reference numeral 34 indicates a speed sensor
  • reference numeral 35 indicates a power interruption sensor
  • the magnetic levitation train 1 can travel at high speed by enabling the train body 2 to be levitated from the upper guide rails 3 by a predetermined distance using auxiliary driving force attributable to magnetic repulsive force and atmospheric pressure. The operation of the magnetic levitation train 1 is described in detail below.
  • the manipulation lever 19 When the train body 2 is stopped, the manipulation lever 19 is located at a neutral position. In this case, no power is supplied, the proximity sensors 16, which are mounted at regular intervals on the slide frame 17 that is located under the train body 2 and is connected with the manipulation lever 19 so as to slide, are placed on the same lines along with the field coils 11. In this case, no electromagnetic field is generated, and thus the field coils 11 enter a nonpolar state in which no polarity exists (refer to FIG. 8).
  • each of the field coils 11 is magnetized to have the same polarity as that of its neighboring permanent magnets among the permanent magnets 9 and 10 that are mounted on the left and right sides of the lower guide rail 8 so as to be spaced apart from each other by a predetermined distance, and thus a repulsive force acts between them, while each of the field coils 11 is magnetized to have opposite polarities to those of permanent magnets that are located ahead of a corresponding field coil, and thus an attractive force acts on each other. Accordingly, the train body 2, to which the field coils 11 are fixedly mounted, can be moved forwards.
  • each of the field coils 11 is magnetized to have the same polarities as those of its neighboring permanent magnets among the permanent magnets 9 and 10 that are mounted on the left and right sides of the lower guide rail 8 so as to be spaced apart from each other by a predetermined distance, and thus a repulsive force acts between them, while each of the field coils 11 is magnetized to have polarities opposite those of permanent magnets that are located behind a corresponding field coil, and thus an attractive force acts between them. Accordingly, the train body 2, to which the field coils 11 are fixedly mounted, can be moved backwards.
  • the forward and backward slides of the slide frame 17, on which the proximity sensors 16 are mounted are controlled by the action between the proximity sensors 16, which are mounted on the slide frame 17, and the detection plates 16a and, thus, the electromagnetic field is controlled by controlling the current that flows to the field coils 11 mounted below the train body 2 at regular intervals.
  • the train body 2 Based on a principle in which magnetic repulsive force is generated in the case where the polarities of the field coils 11 are the same as the polarities of the permanent magnets 9 and 10, which are mounted on the left and right sides of the lower guide rail 8 so as to be spaced apart from each other by a predetermined distance, the train body 2 is moved forwards when the field coils 11 are located at forward positions from the permanent magnets 9 and 10, but is moved backwards when the field coils 11 are located at backward positions from the permanent magnets 9 and 10. Accordingly, the train body 2 can selectively travel forwards or backwards.
  • the speed of train body is controlled in proportion to the degree of rotation of the manipulation lever 16.
  • the lever is greatly rotated by the operation of a variable resistor, the resistance is decreased, so that a large amount of current flows to the field coils 11, and thus the magnetic force is increased, with the result that the speed can be increased.
  • the slide frame 17 is greatly moved, so that the proximity sensors 16 are also greatly moved forwards or backwards compared with the field coils 11.
  • the proximity sensors 16 encounters with the detection plates 16a before the field coils 11 reach the locations of the permanent magnets 9 and 10, so that the polarities of the field coils 11 are changed in advance before the field coils 11 reach the locations of the permanent magnets 9 and 10, and thus a large amount of force can be imparted to the train body when the train body is moving.
  • the magnetic levitation train according to the present invention is configured to use the force that is obtained when one field coil 11 and two permanent magnets 9 and 10, which are mounted to the lower guide rail 8 so as to be spaced apart from each other by a predetermined distance, are repelled from each other in a narrow gap by mutual magnetic force, thus not only acquiring a large amount of torque but also reducing energy costs, compared with conventional magnetic levitation trains.
  • the braking-generating means 20, which is mounted on the rear side of the train body 2 must be operated by the manipulation of the braking motor switch 19a mounted on the manipulation lever 19 must be.
  • the sudden braking can be achieved by the manipulation of the sudden braking motor switch 29.
  • the field coils 21 are mounted in the braking box 22 constituting the braking-generating means 20.
  • the braking motor switch 19a or the sudden braking motor switch 29 is selectively manipulated, the braking motor 23 or the sudden braking motor 23a are driven in the forward direction, and thus the pinion 25a, which is fastened to the motor shafts 24 and 24a, is rotated at high speed.
  • the rack gear 25b which is engaged with the pinion 25 a, is lowered or suddenly lowered, so that the braking box 22, which is connected with the rack gear 25b, is lowered or suddenly lowered to the lower guide rail 8, and thus the field coils 21 are magnetized to have polarities opposite those of the permanent magnets 9 and 10 by the permanent magnets 9 and 10 and are attracted by magnetic force. Accordingly, the sudden braking can be achieved and, at the same time, the generation of electricity can be achieved due to the induced current that is generated by the field coils 21 and the permanent magnets 9 and 10 based on 'Fleming's right hand rule.'
  • the present invention is designed such that the rails are mounted in the tunnel 26 so that the train body 2 can travel, thus enabling traveling at high speed by minimizing the air resistance.
  • the partition walls 27 are mounted in the tunnel 26 for respective predetermined sections.
  • the tunnel 26 is maintained in a vacuum by sucking the air in the tunnel 26 and discharging the sucked air to the outside using the suction fans 28 before the train body 2 enters the tunnel.
  • the front and rear partition walls 27 are automatically opened and closed. That is, when the opening detection sensor 30, which is mounted in the front portion of the train body 2, detects the detection part 32 mounted in the tunnel 26, the front partition wall 27, which is located in the direction in which the train body 2 travels is opened. When the train body 2 passes through the section of the front and rear partition walls 27, the closing detection sensor 31, which is mounted in the rear portion of the train body 2, detects the detection parts 33, and thus the partition walls 27 are automatically opened. [87] As described above, according to the present invention, the train body 2 travels along the vacuumed tunnel 26, and thus the decrease of the traveling acceleration performance of the train body 2 due to the air resistance of the train body 2 can be minimized.
  • the upper guide rails 3 and the guides 5 mounted to the upper portion of the train body are made of permanent magnets. Accordingly, when the train body 2 travels on the rails, the train body 2 travels in the state in which it is levitated from the upper guide rails 3, thus being safely guided. Accordingly, the possibility of the train body being moved off the track can be minimized.
  • the guide means 12, including the bearing 13 or the permanent magnets 14 and 15, is additionally mounted to the lower guide rail, so that, when the train body 2 travels, the train body 2 can travel without colliding with the lower guide rail 8 and the lateral shaking of the train body 2 can also be minimized, with the result that a comfortable ride can be provided to passengers and reliable traveling can also be guaranteed.
  • the magnetic levitation train according to the present invention can greatly contribute to the commercialization thereof if it is integrated with existing magnetic levitation trains that are under research and development.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Vehicles With Linear Motors And Vehicles That Are Magnetically Levitated (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un train à lévitation magnétique. Le train à lévitation magnétique comprend des guides, des rails de guidage supérieurs, une unité d'entraînement, plusieurs paires d'aimants permanents, des bobines de champ et des moyens de guidage. Les guides sont montés sur les côtés gauche et droit de la partie supérieure d'un corps de train. Les rails de guidage supérieurs sont montés sur les parties gauche et droite du corps de train à l'opposé des guides. L'unité d'entraînement est montée sur le corps de train et comporte des moyens d'entraînement et un rail de guidage inférieur. Les aimants permanents sont montés sur les côtés gauche et droit du rail de guidage inférieur de façon à être opposée les uns aux autres. Les bobines de champ sont situées entre les aimants permanents et sont montées de façon fixe au-dessous du corps de train. Les moyens de guidage sont montés sur une extrémité inférieure des bobines de champ pour être guidés dans le rail de guidage inférieur.
PCT/KR2008/007062 2007-11-30 2008-11-28 Train à lévitation magnétique Ceased WO2009069976A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR1020070123700A KR100913795B1 (ko) 2007-11-30 2007-11-30 자기부상열차
KR10-2007-0123700 2007-11-30

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2009069976A2 true WO2009069976A2 (fr) 2009-06-04
WO2009069976A3 WO2009069976A3 (fr) 2009-09-24

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PCT/KR2008/007062 Ceased WO2009069976A2 (fr) 2007-11-30 2008-11-28 Train à lévitation magnétique

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KR (1) KR100913795B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2009069976A2 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2507516A (en) * 2012-11-01 2014-05-07 Georgi Yankov Georgiev Self-regulating magnetic levitation system

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101002786B1 (ko) 2010-09-08 2010-12-21 세종기술주식회사 자기부상열차 접지시스템
CN109811601A (zh) * 2019-03-25 2019-05-28 成都市新筑路桥机械股份有限公司 一种带救援轨的中低速磁浮系统轨道梁
CN110244243B (zh) * 2019-06-17 2024-01-30 西南交通大学 一种旋转式永磁电动悬浮、驱动一体化测试装置
KR20240137877A (ko) 2023-03-09 2024-09-20 전영모 슬라이드 운송설비

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JP2501808B2 (ja) * 1986-12-19 1996-05-29 株式会社東芝 磁気浮上式搬送システム
JP3152775B2 (ja) * 1992-12-07 2001-04-03 株式会社東芝 磁気浮上装置
WO1995006949A1 (fr) * 1993-09-01 1995-03-09 Grumman Aerospace Corporation Electroaimant supraconducteur servant a la sustentation et a la propulsion d'un vehicule a sustentation magnetique
US5647477A (en) * 1994-09-19 1997-07-15 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Magnetic non-contact transport system

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2507516A (en) * 2012-11-01 2014-05-07 Georgi Yankov Georgiev Self-regulating magnetic levitation system

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WO2009069976A3 (fr) 2009-09-24
KR100913795B1 (ko) 2009-08-31
KR20090056512A (ko) 2009-06-03

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