WO2009076258A1 - Composés bis-quaternaires respectueux de l'environnement pour inhiber la corrosion et éliminer les dépôts hydrocarbonés dans des applications relatives au pétrole et au gaz - Google Patents

Composés bis-quaternaires respectueux de l'environnement pour inhiber la corrosion et éliminer les dépôts hydrocarbonés dans des applications relatives au pétrole et au gaz Download PDF

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WO2009076258A1
WO2009076258A1 PCT/US2008/085789 US2008085789W WO2009076258A1 WO 2009076258 A1 WO2009076258 A1 WO 2009076258A1 US 2008085789 W US2008085789 W US 2008085789W WO 2009076258 A1 WO2009076258 A1 WO 2009076258A1
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Prior art keywords
compound
oil
organic acid
carbon atoms
acid
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Laxmikant Tiwari
G. Richard Meyer
David Horsup
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ChampionX LLC
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Nalco Co LLC
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D233/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings
    • C07D233/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member
    • C07D233/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D233/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, directly attached to ring carbon atoms with alkyl radicals, containing more than four carbon atoms, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D233/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, directly attached to ring carbon atoms with alkyl radicals, containing more than four carbon atoms, directly attached to ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms
    • C07D233/16—Radicals substituted by nitrogen atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/52—Compositions for preventing, limiting or eliminating depositions, e.g. for cleaning
    • C09K8/524—Compositions for preventing, limiting or eliminating depositions, e.g. for cleaning organic depositions, e.g. paraffins or asphaltenes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/54—Compositions for in situ inhibition of corrosion in boreholes or wells
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
    • C23F11/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent
    • C23F11/08—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent in other liquids
    • C23F11/10—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent in other liquids using organic inhibitors
    • C23F11/14—Nitrogen-containing compounds
    • C23F11/149—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen as hetero atom
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
    • C23F11/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent
    • C23F11/08—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent in other liquids
    • C23F11/10—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent in other liquids using organic inhibitors
    • C23F11/16—Sulfur-containing compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
    • C23F11/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent
    • C23F11/08—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent in other liquids
    • C23F11/10—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent in other liquids using organic inhibitors
    • C23F11/167—Phosphorus-containing compounds
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S507/00—Earth boring, well treating, and oil field chemistry
    • Y10S507/939—Corrosion inhibitor

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to compositions and methods for environmentally friendly oil and gas industry corrosion inhibitors and schmoo removers. More specifically, the invention relates to compositions including bis-quaternary compounds and methods useful for removing schmoo from and preventing corrosion in oilfield and refinery equipment. The invention has particular relevance to environmentally friendly bis-quaternary compounds having an amido moiety.
  • Corrosion inhibitors are frequently introduced into oil and gas fluids to aid in maintaining infrastructure integrity. Corrosion inhibitors are added to a wide array of systems and system components, such as cooling systems, refinery units, pipelines, steam generators, and oil or gas producing and production water handling equipment. These corrosion inhibitors are geared towards combating a large variety of corrosion types. For example, a common type of corrosion encountered in the transport of fluid having one or more corrosive agents is flow- induced corrosion, where the degree of corrosion depends on a multitude of factors. These factors include the corrosiveness of the fluid, pipeline metallurgy, shear rate, temperature, and pressure.
  • these solids can build up to form a layer up to several centimeters thick.
  • Deposits of such hydrocarbonaceous materials and finely divided inorganic solids form on the inner surfaces of the lines. These deposits may include, for example, sand, clays, sulfur, napthenic acid salts, corrosion byproducts, and biomass bound together with oil.
  • the particles become coated with corrosion inhibitor or other hydrocarbonaceous materials and subsequently become coated with additional quantities of heavy hydrocarbonaceous material in the flowlines, settling tank, and the like.
  • this layer is often referred to as "schmoo" in the petroleum industry.
  • Schmoo is a solid or paste-like substance that adheres to almost any surface with which it comes in contact and is particularly difficult to remove.
  • pipelines known to have such deposited materials or that form pools of water at low spots are routinely pigged to remove the material.
  • the material often accumulates on, for example, the bottom or around the circumference of the pipe.
  • schmoo still often resides inside pits in metal surfaces. As discussed above, these situations create a significant risk for increased corrosion.
  • Schmoo can also accumulate to a thickness such that it flakes off the inner surfaces of the pipe and deposits in the lower portion of a well, the lower portion of a line or the like, and plugs the line or the formation in fluid communication with the pipe.
  • the physical barrier formed by such a layer also retards the diffusion of corrosion inhibitors to the pipe wall.
  • These solids also often have a strong affinity for corrosion inhibitors and may significantly reduce inhibitor availability in situ.
  • the composition of matter within the solids forms an ideal environment to foster bacterial growth, the metabolic byproducts of which are frequently highly corrosive.
  • This microbiologically influenced corrosion process has been recognized as a significant problem in the industry for many years. Additional challenges are encountered in water injection systems when material carried in the water causes plugging of the sand-face downhole. Such plugging often leads to reduction in water injection efficiency and a consequent reduction of the oil produced.
  • This invention accordingly provides novel compositions and methods for inhibiting corrosion and removing hydrocarbonaceous deposits in oil and gas applications.
  • the disclosed bis-quaternary corrosion inhibitors and schmoo removers have low environmental impact and exhibit superior performance.
  • the compounds and compositions of the invention can be used in any system exposed to fluids (i.e., liquid, gas, slurry, or mixture thereof) containing a metal corrosion agent where improved corrosion inhibition is desired.
  • the compositions of the invention may be used in any component or any part of the oil and gas system where hydrocarbonaceous deposits are a concern, including, for example, flowlines, pipelines, injection lines, wellbore surfaces, and the like.
  • the invention provides a bis-quaternized compound for inhibiting corrosion and/or removing hydrocarbonaceous deposits in oil and gas applications.
  • the compound (referred to as Structure I) has the following general formula:
  • Ri, R- 2 , R 3 , and R 4 are independently selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted branched, chain, or ring alkyls or alkenyls that have from 1 to about 29 carbon atoms; partially or fully oxygenized, sulfurized, and/or phosphorylized branched, chain, or ring alkyls or alkenyls having from 1 to about 29 carbon atoms; and their combinations.
  • Li and L 2 are each a moiety independently selected from the group consisting of — H, -CO 2 H, -SO 3 H, -PO 3 H 2 , -CO 2 R 4 , -CONH 2 , -CONHR 4 , — CON(R 4 );,, and combinations thereof.
  • each R 4 is independently selected from branched or unbranched alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, cycloalkyl, and heteroaromatic groups having from 1 to about 10 carbon atoms, and their combinations.
  • p is from 1 to about 5. In an embodiment, q is from 1 to about 10.
  • the invention is a method of using the compound depicted as Structure I for improving production in an oil and/or gas application, such as by reducing a corrosion rate of and/or removing hydrocarbonaceous deposits from metallic or mineral surfaces in contact with a fluid in oil and gas applications.
  • the method includes adding to the fluid: (i) a compound of Structure I in either pure or mixed solid form to the fluid or (ii) a composition having from about 5 to about 50 weight percent of the compound of Structure I dispersed or dissolved in one or more solvents.
  • a method of producing a composition including at least one bis-quaternized compound having the general formula of Structure I includes selecting a first organic acid from unsubstiruted saturated or mono- or poly unsaturated fatty acids having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; partially or fully substituted saturated or mono- or poly unsaturated fatty acids having from about 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, wherein said substitution includes being oxygenized, sulfurized, and/or phosphorylized; and combinations thereof.
  • the first organic acid has from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms.
  • the method further includes selecting an alkyl polyamine from the group having a general formula: H 2 N-CH 2 -(CH 2 ) p -NH-(CH 2 ) q -NH 2 , where p is from 1 to about 5 and q is from 1 to about 10.
  • a second organic acid is selected from substituted and unsubstituted a, ⁇ unsaturated carboxylic fatty acids and amide and ester derivatives thereof, having from about 3 to about 11 carbon atoms, or a salt thereof; substituted and unsubstituted a, ⁇ unsaturated sulfonic and phosphonic fatty acids having from about 2 to about 11 carbon atoms, or a salt thereof; and combinations thereof.
  • the first organic acid and the alkyl polyamine are mixed to produce at least one intermediate compound of a general formula:
  • An additional advantage of the invention is to provide a method of enhancing water injection rates to enhance oil and gas production.
  • alkenyl means a monovalent group derived from a straight, branched, or cyclic hydrocarbon containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond by the removal of a single hydrogen atom from each of two adjacent carbon atoms of an alkyl group.
  • Representative alkenyl groups include, for example, ethenyl, propenyl, butenyl, l-methyl-2-buten-l-yl, and the like.
  • Alkoxy means an alkyl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through an oxygen atom.
  • Representative alkoxy groups include methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, and the like.
  • Alkyl means a monovalent group derived from a straight, branched, or cyclic saturated hydrocarbon.
  • Representative alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, n- and zsopropyl, «-, sec-, iso- and tert-buty ⁇ , and the like.
  • Aryl means substituted and unsubstituted aromatic carbocyclic radicals and substituted and unsubstituted heterocyclic radicals having about 5 to about 14 ring atoms.
  • Representative aryls include phenyl, naphthyl, phenanthryl, anthracyl, pyridyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, quinolyl, thienyl, thiazolyl, pyrimidyl, indolyl, and the like.
  • the aryl is optionally substituted with one or more groups selected from hydroxy, halogen, Cj to C 4 alkyl and Cj to C 4 alkoxy.
  • Arylalkyl means an aryl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through an alkyl group.
  • Representative arylalkyl groups include benzyl, phenethyl, napth-1- ylmethyl, phenylpropyl, and the like.
  • Hydrocarbonaceous deposit refers to any deposit including at least one hydrocarbon constituent and forming on the inner surface of flowlines, pipelines, injection lines, wellbore surfaces, storage tanks, process equipment, vessels, the like, and other components in oil and gas applications. Such deposits also include “schmoo,” which refers to a solid, paste-like, or sludge-like substance that adheres to almost any surface with which it comes in contact and is particularly difficult to remove. Deposits contributing to schmoo may include, for example, sand, clays, sulfur, naphthenic acid salts, corrosion byproducts, biomass, and other hydrocarbonaceous materials bound together with oil. These terms are used interchangeably herein.
  • This invention discloses heterocyclic bis-quaternized corrosion inhibiting and schmoo removing compounds having an amido moiety.
  • the depicted structures are shown as having tautomeric double bonds in the N-C-N linkage of the heterocyclic ring (i.e., a resonance structure).
  • the pi electrons in the N-C-N linkage are thus delocalized between the two nitrogen atoms of the heterocyclic ring.
  • the disclosed bis-quaternized compounds may be used alone or in combination with other corrosion inhibitors, corrosion inhibiting formulations, and/or hydrocarbonaceous deposit removing compounds and/or formulations, described in more detail below.
  • the first organic acid in the Schemes above is shown with a generalized "R- COOH.” It should be appreciated that one type or a mixture of fatty acids may be used.
  • the first organic acid may include a single type of fatty acid, such as caprylic acid, nonanoic acid, capric acid, undecanoic acid, or lauric acid, which would result in Structure Ia and Ib having the same R group at both positions.
  • the first organic acid may include a mixture of fatty acids, such as tall oil fatty acid or a mixture of other fatty acids, which would result in a mixture of different R substituents (as described herein for Ri and R 2 ) in Structures Ia, Ib, and/or Ic.
  • Representative long chain fatty acids R-COOH include caprylic acid, nonanoic acid, capric acid, undecanoic acid, lauric acid, tridecanoic acid, myristic acid, palmitoleic acid, tall oil fatty acid (mixture of oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids), stearic acid, palmitic acid, arachidic acid, arachidonic acid, oleic acid, 9,11,13-octadecaft ⁇ enoic acid, 5,8,11,14- eicosatetraenoic acid, eicosenoic acid, heneicosenoic acid, erucic acid, heneicosanoic acid, behenic acid, 3-methylhexadecanoic acid; 7-methylhexadecanoic acid, 13-methylhexadecanoic acid, 14-methyl-l 1 -eicosenoic acid, derivatives thereof, the like, and mixtures thereof
  • the alkyl polyamine in the above Schemes may alternatively include one or a mixture of alkyl polyamines as described herein.
  • a preferred alkyl polyamine is diethyltriamine ("DETA").
  • DETA diethyltriamine
  • Scheme 4 illustrates an embodiment using a mixture of tall oil fatty acid as the first organic acid, DETA as the alkyl polyamine, and acrylic acid as the second organic acid to produce Structure Ic.
  • RT-COOH represents a mixture of tall oil fatty acids, where RT is predominantly Q 7 H33 and Ci 7 H 3I .
  • alkyl polyamines that may be used to practice the invention include those having the general formula H 2 N-CH 2 -(CH 2 ) p -NH-(CH 2 ) q -NH 2 , where p is from 1 to about 5 and q is from 1 to about 10.
  • Preferred alkyl polyamines include those where p is from 1 to 2 and q is from 1 to 3. Most preferably, p isl and q is 2.
  • the second organic acid introduced in the representative reaction schemes generally include a, ⁇ unsaturated carboxylic fatty acids and amide and ester derivatives thereof; a, ⁇ unsaturated sulfonic and phosphonic fatty acids; and their combinations. More specifically, the second organic acid may be selected from the group consisting of substituted and unsubstituted a, ⁇ unsaturated carboxylic fatty acids and amide and ester derivatives thereof, having from 3 to about 11 carbon atoms, or a salt thereof; substituted and unsubstituted ⁇ , ⁇ unsaturated fatty acids having from 2 to about 11 carbon atoms, or a salt thereof; and combinations thereof.
  • Preferred a, ⁇ unsaturated fatty acids typically have from 2 to about 9 carbon atoms. In a more preferred embodiment, the a, ⁇ unsaturated fatty acids have from 2 to about 7 carbon atoms. The most preferred form of the a, ⁇ unsaturated fatty acids of the invention have from 2 to about 5 carbon atoms. It should be understood that the range of carbon atoms described refers to the main chain of the fatty acid and does not include carbon atoms that may be contributed by substituents. Examples of suitable substituents include, without limitation, hydrogen and linear or branched alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, cycloalkyl, and heteroaromatic groups having from 1 to about 10 carbon atoms, and their combinations.
  • a molar ratio of the first organic acid to the alkyl polyamine is typically in the range of about 1.1:1 to about 500:1. In a preferred embodiment, the range is from about 1.1:1 to about 3:1. This range represents the ratio of the total number of moles of the first organic acid to the total number of moles of the alkyl polyamine used in the process for making the bis-quaternary compounds of the invention.
  • the first step in the representative reaction schemes is similar to that disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 6,303,079 Bl, entitled, "CORROSION INHIBITOR COMPOSITIONS," which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
  • reaction steps in reaction schemes are intended to embrace all synthesis procedures, such as batch, continuous, in situ, interfacial, solution-type, and combinations thereof. Further, such terms are used for convenience and should not be construed to limit the scope of the invention to: (i) any particular sequence of reaction steps suggested herein; or (ii) the production and/or separation of any specified amount of intermediate(s) for any specified length of time as a prerequisite to a subsequent process step.
  • the described intermediate mixture produced from the first organic acid and the alkyl polyamine is mixed with an organic compound of the second type to produce a bis- quaternized compound having an amido moiety.
  • the amide intermediate mixture is mixed with one or more of the a, ⁇ unsaturated fatty acids or acid derivatives, described above as the second organic acid.
  • the relative amounts of the intermediate mixture and the second organic acid or acid derivative are determined on a mole ratio basis.
  • the intermediate mixtures produced in the process of this invention can include other compounds in addition to the target intermediate species specified for a particular process.
  • a composite molecular weight can be used to calculate the number of moles of a particular intermediate mixture.
  • Such a composite molecular weight determination could theoretically represent the molecular weights of all chemical species of the mixture and their respective mole percent contributions to the mixture composition. Making such a determination, however, requires time-consuming and tedious analysis of the mixture composition. Consequently, for convenience, the composite molecular weight for an intermediate mixture, produced by the processes of the invention, was determined herein by presuming the mixture is primarily comprised of the target species.
  • the mole ratio of the target amide intermediate mixture to the second organic acid or acid derivative is preferably selected from the range of from about 1 :1 to about 1:5. More preferably, the mole ratio of the target amide intermediate mixture to the second organic acid or acid derivative is selected from the range of from about 1 :1 to about 1:4. Most preferably, the mole ratio of the target amide intermediate mixture to the second organic acid or acid derivative is selected from the range of from about 1 :1.1 or 1:2 to about 1:2.5. For complete conversion to the bis-quaternary state, a molar ratio of at least 1:2 should be used. It should be appreciated, however, that if a molar ratio of greater than 1 :2.5 is used typically no more than 2.5 moles of the second organic acid reacts.
  • the described treating compounds/compositions may be used in any system exposed to fluids (e.g., liquid, gas, slurry, or mixtures thereof) containing a metal corrosion agent where improved corrosion inhibition and/or schmoo removal is desired.
  • fluids e.g., liquid, gas, slurry, or mixtures thereof
  • the compounds of the invention are particularly well suited for use in oil and gas field applications, refinery operations, and oil and gas transmission systems.
  • the described compounds are typically added to oil, water, and/or gas fluids in the form of a solution or dispersion in water or an organic solvent.
  • suitable solvents are alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, isobutanol, secondary butanol, glycols (e.g., ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, and the like), aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, the like, and combinations thereof.
  • the described compounds are sparingly or fully water-soluble and as such compositions may be suitably formulated in a mixture of water and one or more alcohols or glycols.
  • the described compounds may be suitably formulated in an aromatic naptha, such as heavy aromatic naptha, by incorporating one or more alcohols or glycols in the composition.
  • the effective amount of active ingredient in a formulation required to sufficiently reduce the rate of corrosion and/or remove schmoo varies with the system in which it is used. Methods for monitoring the severity of corrosion and/or deposits in different systems are well known to those skilled in the art and may be used to decide the effective amount of active ingredient required in a particular situation.
  • the described compounds may be used to impart the property of hydrocarbonaceous deposit removal to a composition for use in an oil or gas field application and may have one or more other functions, such as corrosion inhibition.
  • the described compounds are particularly effective for inhibiting corrosion of mild steel in hydrocarbon, oil/brine mixtures and aqueous systems under a variety of conditions. These compounds/compositions may be used, for example, in sweet systems (i.e., systems having a relatively high CO 2 concentration) or in systems having sour conditions (i.e., relatively high H 2 S concentration). Although fluid content of flow lines may vary, the inhibitor may also be used in a variety of environments. Oil cuts in the field can range from less than 1% (oil field) to 100% (refinery) oil, while the nature of the water can range from 0 to 300,000 ppm TDS (total dissolved solids).
  • compositions of the present invention would also be useful in large diameter flow lines of from about 1 inch to about 4 feet in diameter, small gathering lines, small flow lines and headers.
  • the inhibitor composition is added at a point in the flow line upstream from the point at which corrosion prevention or schmoo removal is desired.
  • compositions of the invention are typically added to the flow line to provide an effective treating dose of the described compound(s) from about 0.01 to about 5,000 ppm.
  • doses are maintained to prevent corrosion.
  • doses may be intermittent (i.e., batch treatment) to remove hydrocarbonaceous deposits.
  • doses may be continuous/maintained and/or intermittent to both inhibit corrosion and remove deposits.
  • the described composition is dosed to provide from about 0.1 to about 500 ppm of the compound(s). In a more preferred embodiment, the dose is from about 1 to about 250 ppm.
  • a most preferred use of the described compounds/composition is for mild steel flow lines, it is believed that they are also effective in other types of metallurgy and at lower dosage rates.
  • Dosage rates for batch treatments typically range from about 10 to about 400,000 ppm.
  • the flow rate of the flow line in which the composition is used is between 0 and 100 feet per second. A more preferred flow rate is between 0.1 and 50 feet per second.
  • the compounds of the invention may be formulated with water in order to facilitate addition to the flow line.
  • the described compounds may be used alone or in combination with other compounds. Typical combinations include pour point depressants and/or surfactants. Examples of suitable pour point depressants are Ci to C 3 linear or branched alcohols, ethylene, and propylene glycol. Examples of suitable surfactants are ethoxylated nonylphenols and/or ethoxylated amines as wetting agents or additives for dispersing the compound into the fluid stream to which they are added. The surfactant is advantageously water-soluble to allow the product to better wet the surface of the flow line where corrosion may take place. Water-soluble surfactants utilized may be non-ionic, cationic, or anionic and will generally have a hydrophilic- lipophilic (HLB) value greater than 7.
  • HLB hydrophilic- lipophilic
  • Oil-soluble surfactants may be utilized if it is desired to disperse the composition into a hydrocarbon fluid.
  • Oil-soluble surfactants may be non-ionic, cationic, or anionic. These surfactants typically have an HLB value less than 7.
  • formulations may include components such as phosphate esters and mercapto synergists.
  • Hie composition may also include one or more suitable solvents including, but not limited to water, monoethylene glycol, ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, methanol, isopropanol, the like, derivatives thereof, and combinations thereof.
  • compositions claimed herein are quaternary amines, such as fatty, cyclic, or aromatic amines quaternized with lower alkyl halides or benzyl chloride and certain amides.
  • filming agents such as p- toluenesulfonic acid and dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, may also be used.
  • the described compositions may also contain components that are typically included in corrosion inhibiting compositions, such as scale inhibitors and/or surfactants. In some instances, it may be desirable to include a biocide in the composition.
  • Suitable quaternary ammonium compounds include a broad list, such as trialkyl, dialkyl, dialkoxy alkyl, monoalkoxy, benzyl, and imidazolinium quaternary ammonium compounds. Particularly preferred quats are noted below as this is merely a broad list of different classes of quaternary ammonium compounds that may be useful within the inventive complex and method.
  • Representaitve quats include trialkyl quats, dialkyl quats, dialkoxy alkyl quats, monoalkoxy quats, benzyl quats, imidazolinium quats, salts thereof, the like, and combinations thereof.
  • the described bis-quaternary compound(s) are preferably present from about 10 to about 50 weight percent or from about 5 to about 30 weight percent. More preferably, the formulation includes from about 10 to about 30 weight percent or from about 15 to 20 to about 25 to 30 weight percent of the described bis-quaternary compound(s). The most preferred embodiment includes from about 15 to about 26 weight percent of the described bis-quaternary compound(s).
  • the resultant formulation(s) may be used in a variety of petroleum operations in the oil and gas industry, such as to treat systems used in primary, secondary, and tertiary oil and gas recovery.
  • the formulation may be introduced to such systems in accordance with techniques well known to those skilled in the art.
  • one technique in which the formulation can be used is the squeeze treating technique, whereby the treating formulation is injected under pressure into a producing formation, adsorbed onto the strata, and desorbed as the fluids are produced.
  • the described formulation may be used to enhance oil and gas production by optimizing water injectivity rates in water injection systems by removing hydrocarbonaceous deposits from such systems. In some cases, optimizing water injectivity rate includes maximizing the water injection rate.
  • the formulation can further be added in water flooding operations of secondary oil recovery, as well as be added to pipelines, transmission lines, and refinery units.
  • the formulation may also be used to inhibit acid solution in well- acidizing operations.
  • the described compounds may also be applied in water injection systems as a surfactant in surfactant flooding applications, alone or in the presence of one or more surfactants, polymers, acids, or bases.
  • a surfactant in surfactant flooding applications, alone or in the presence of one or more surfactants, polymers, acids, or bases.
  • such a combination may be used to remove oil entrapped in formation rock capillaries.
  • Mechanisms for removing the oil may include altering rock wettability, reducing, the oil-water-rock interfacial tension, emulsifying or micro-emulsifying the oil, and others.
  • Examples of polymers are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,729,402, entitled, "METHOD OF RECOVERING HYDROCARBON FLUIDS FROM A SUBTERRANEAN RESERVOIR.”
  • reaction schematics specifying particular intermediates and final products illustrate only those compounds presumed as significant compounds formed based on current principles of organic reaction chemistry and qualitative infrared analysis of the final reaction product. Illustration of a specified intermediate does not exclude the presence of other significant intermediate(s) important to the formation of the final product. Further, illustration of a final compound does not exclude the presence of other compounds in the final composition, including, without limitation, the unreacted starting reactants, intermediates, and other final compound(s), if any, produced by competing reaction pathways.
  • Example 1 The performance of the product produced in Example 1 as a corrosion inhibitor was evaluated with a Wheelbox Test. This test was conducted at 150 0 C in a rotary oven using flat, rectangular carbon steel, water quenched, and hardened coupons. To prepare the coupons, metal surfaces were sand blasted, washed in an alcohol/toluene mixture and dried. They were then weighed and placed individually in sample bottles.
  • the test medium had about 20% total dissolved solids (about 10% NaCl and about 10% CaCl 2 - 300,000 ppm in chloride).
  • the fluid was sparged with CO 2 and each bottle was dosed with a measured amount of the corrosion inhibitor.
  • the coupons were then placed in the bottles, which were then charged with a pCO 2 of 750 psi and a pN 2 of 250 psi, capped, and shaken.
  • composition 2 The amount of each tested inhibitor is indicated in Table 2 (in ppm) and was applied as an approximately 25 weight percent composition, which represents a typical commercially used formulation. Both Composition 1 and 2 are formulations containing the subject active in addition to aromatic naptha, quaternary ammonium compound, and thioglycolic acid. Composition 2 further includes about 8 weight percent glacial acetic acid.
  • the control was an approximately 25 weight percent composition of a commercially available corrosion inhibitor having a quat and an amine condensate salt (available under the tradename EC1426A from Nalco® Company in Naperville, IL). The results in Table 2 are presented as % corrosion protection achieved at the steel surface.
  • Inhibitor 10 ppm 25 ppm 50 ppm 100 ppm
  • a flow test known as a Dynamic Schmoo Removal Loop (“DSRL"), was setup to evaluate the efficacy of three formulations at removing hydrocarbonaceous deposits from a pipeline steel surface under flow conditions. All tests were conducted using 80 ppm of active compound in brine (recipe shown in Table 3) at 122 0 F.
  • DSRL Dynamic Schmoo Removal Loop
  • a freshly polished 1018 mild steel coupon was placed in the empty cell with a known mass of schmoo (from an Alaskan pipeline source) applied to the coupon.
  • the cell was filled with brine and circulation commenced for one hour.
  • the coupon was then removed from the cell and air-dried and weighed.
  • the coupons were also weighed after removing the remaining schmoo to normalize for coupon corrosion losses.
  • Table 4 summarizes the DSRL performance data. Initial and final mass refer to mass of schmoo.
  • Compound 1 is as described in Example 1 (i.e., Structure Ic), which was injected at a dosage of 80 ppm active, and Compound 2 is a formulation containing Compound 1 and two other components.
  • the activity of Compound 2 was about 60% and the total dosage was based on the total product and not normalized for the lower activity level.
  • This Example demonstrates representative environmental profiles for the described bis-quaternary compounds.
  • the environmental impact of a production chemical is typically defined by three tests: biodegradation, bioaccumulation, and toxicity. All three criteria have limits that must be achieved in order for a chemical to be permitted for use. In order for a product to be used without restriction offshore, two of the following three criteria must be satisfied:
  • Test Biodegradation must be greater than 60% (if less than 20% material is automatically marked for substitution)
  • Bioaccumulation as measured by Octanol/Water partitioning coefficient
  • Toxicity to the most sensitive marine species must be greater than LC 50 orECso of 10 ppm.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne des composés respectueux de l'environnement pour inhiber la corrosion et éliminer les dépôts hydrocarbonés, et des procédés d'utilisation de tels composés. Les composés sont des dérivés de molécules bis-quaternaires hétérocycliques contenant une fonction amido et sont applicables à diverses opérations relatives au pétrole et au gaz.
PCT/US2008/085789 2007-12-07 2008-12-08 Composés bis-quaternaires respectueux de l'environnement pour inhiber la corrosion et éliminer les dépôts hydrocarbonés dans des applications relatives au pétrole et au gaz Ceased WO2009076258A1 (fr)

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WO2015140111A1 (fr) 2014-03-21 2015-09-24 Total Sa Procédé d'extraction d'huiles lourdes et de génération de vapeur d'eau
WO2016092011A1 (fr) 2014-12-11 2016-06-16 Clariant International Ltd Composition inhibitrice liquide, son procédé de préparation et son utilisation dans le cadre de la lutte contre la corrosion par la saumure lourde
US10519360B2 (en) 2014-12-11 2019-12-31 Clariant International Ltd. Liquid inhibitor composition and a method for its preparation and application as a heavy brine corrosion control
CN110651792A (zh) * 2013-08-02 2020-01-07 艺康美国股份有限公司 杀生物剂组合物
US10611951B2 (en) 2014-12-11 2020-04-07 Clariant International Ltd. Liquid inhibitor composition and a method for its preparation and application as a heavy brine corrosion control
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WO2015140111A1 (fr) 2014-03-21 2015-09-24 Total Sa Procédé d'extraction d'huiles lourdes et de génération de vapeur d'eau
WO2016092011A1 (fr) 2014-12-11 2016-06-16 Clariant International Ltd Composition inhibitrice liquide, son procédé de préparation et son utilisation dans le cadre de la lutte contre la corrosion par la saumure lourde
WO2016092010A1 (fr) 2014-12-11 2016-06-16 Clariant International Ltd Composition inhibitrice liquide, son procédé de préparation et son utilisation dans le cadre de la lutte contre la corrosion par la saumure lourde
US10519360B2 (en) 2014-12-11 2019-12-31 Clariant International Ltd. Liquid inhibitor composition and a method for its preparation and application as a heavy brine corrosion control
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CN104774293A (zh) * 2014-12-17 2015-07-15 厦门路桥翔通建材科技有限公司 一种抗泥型聚羧酸减水剂及其制备方法
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