WO2009080560A2 - Procédé de fabrication de préformes pour composites métal-matrice - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication de préformes pour composites métal-matrice Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009080560A2
WO2009080560A2 PCT/EP2008/067410 EP2008067410W WO2009080560A2 WO 2009080560 A2 WO2009080560 A2 WO 2009080560A2 EP 2008067410 W EP2008067410 W EP 2008067410W WO 2009080560 A2 WO2009080560 A2 WO 2009080560A2
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
particles
secondary phase
nanoscale
preform
particle size
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Ceased
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PCT/EP2008/067410
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German (de)
English (en)
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WO2009080560A3 (fr
Inventor
Dirk Rogowski
Ilka Lenke
Michael Theil
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Ceramtec GmbH
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Ceramtec GmbH
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Priority to EP08863784A priority Critical patent/EP2225060A2/fr
Publication of WO2009080560A2 publication Critical patent/WO2009080560A2/fr
Publication of WO2009080560A3 publication Critical patent/WO2009080560A3/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10—Sintering only
    • B22F3/11—Making porous workpieces or articles
    • B22F3/1121—Making porous workpieces or articles by using decomposable, meltable or sublimatable fillers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/05—Metallic powder characterised by the size or surface area of the particles
    • B22F1/052—Metallic powder characterised by the size or surface area of the particles characterised by a mixture of particles of different sizes or by the particle size distribution
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
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    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/10—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on aluminium oxide
    • C04B35/111—Fine ceramics
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    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/46—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates
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    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
    • C04B35/62605—Treating the starting powders individually or as mixtures
    • C04B35/62625—Wet mixtures
    • C04B35/6263—Wet mixtures characterised by their solids loadings, i.e. the percentage of solids
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    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
    • C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
    • C04B35/6303—Inorganic additives
    • C04B35/6316—Binders based on silicon compounds
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    • C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
    • C04B38/0051—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof characterised by the pore size, pore shape or kind of porosity
    • C04B38/0064—Multimodal pore size distribution
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    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
    • C22C1/1005—Pretreatment of the non-metallic additives
    • C22C1/1015—Pretreatment of the non-metallic additives by preparing or treating a non-metallic additive preform
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    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C47/00—Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
    • C22C47/02—Pretreatment of the fibres or filaments
    • C22C47/06—Pretreatment of the fibres or filaments by forming the fibres or filaments into a preformed structure, e.g. using a temporary binder to form a mat-like element
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
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    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
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    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
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    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
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    • B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
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    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3217—Aluminum oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. bauxite, alpha-alumina
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    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
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    • C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3231—Refractory metal oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
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    • C04B2235/608—Green bodies or pre-forms with well-defined density
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Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for the production of preforms for metal matrix composites.
  • Metal-matrix composite is a composite of a metal matrix with one or more embedded secondary phases.
  • MMC metal matrix composite
  • CMC ceramic matrix composite
  • the preform should have high strength for infiltration with the liquid metal.
  • all particles or fibers which have a different composition than the metal matrix and are embedded in it are referred to as the secondary phase. Accordingly, the term storage phase is therefore used. Not meant here are the precipitation phases in alloys.
  • metals are suitable as metal matrix, but in particular those from the group of so-called light metals such as aluminum, magnesium or titanium. Considerable weight advantages can be achieved with these light metals compared with conventional construction materials such as cast iron or steel, for example, and the possible disadvantages with respect to mechanical, tribological or thermal properties can be partially or completely compensated for by homogenous incorporation of further phases into the metal matrix.
  • composites have, by virtue of their composition, positive acoustic properties with respect to the reduction of sound generation and the conduction of the sound.
  • the homogeneous distribution of the secondary phases in the metal matrix can be done either by in-situ formation during the manufacturing process, by mixing the secondary phase to the molten metal or by infiltration of a porous shaped body, a so-called preform, which consists of the secondary phase, with the molten metal.
  • the intercalation phases can be present as particles, as fibers or as a mixture of both in the preform and / or later in the composite.
  • the preforming technique is preferred due to the following advantages:
  • the molding process of the preform is independent of the shape of the component.
  • the shaping of the preform is carried out by conventional powder technology methods such as axial pressing, isostatic pressing, slip casting, filtration casting, extrusion.
  • a local limitation of the composite to the functional areas of the workpiece is possible.
  • the result is a monolithic connection of a local composite material with the rest of the component.
  • Temporary fillers may be used to pore the preform, that is to say substances which are removed from the preform by a thermal, chemical or physical process step. This results in a pore structure which corresponds in terms of proportion, size distribution and shape of the porosity agent.
  • Porosizing agents used are, for example, natural or synthetic organic powders. It can be used for certain applications and fibers.
  • nanoscale powders are possible in the aqueous phase as a dispersion only in high dilution and with dispersing aids, otherwise agglomeration of the particles occurs, as a result of which the desired properties are lost.
  • the shaping process involves solidification of the preform, which in ceramic hard materials as a secondary phase usually by a - A -
  • the temperatures must be selected to be so high, depending on the hard material used, that coarsening of the hard material particles already occurs. As a result, for example, the reinforcing effect is reduced. In addition, a rigid ceramic framework, whereby the ductility of the composite material is reduced.
  • the hardening of the preform after the shaping process by a temperature treatment occurs in many hard materials by forming bridges between the particles. This happens first where particles already touch.
  • the particle size of the particles used as the secondary phase for producing a composite advantageously exerts an influence on the composite properties.
  • Magnitudes in the nanometer range from 1 to 500 nanometers, also as
  • the number of contact points of the particles can be significantly increased.
  • the nanoparticles are more reactive because of their small size, so that the formation of the bridges already takes place at lower temperatures. Due to the high number of
  • the nanoparticles act as so-called inorganic binder between the coarser particles.
  • the preform strength may be the required temperature for solidification.
  • the sintering temperature is between 600 0 C and 1500 0 C.
  • An optimal fraction of a nanoscale secondary phase in the sintered preform is in the range of about 1% to 20% by weight. In this area, the danger that the nanoscale particles agglomerate during the mixing of the starting materials is not yet as great as with higher fractions or even preforms, which are produced exclusively from nanoscale secondary-phase powders.
  • the nanoparticles of the secondary phase can either be deposited directly on the porosity agent or formed in the preform, for example via a sol-gel process. This leads directly to a preform containing nanoparticles.
  • pretreated nanoparticles can be fixed on other secondary particles as well as on or in the porosity agent.
  • the spray granulation is suitable via an atomizer or a method for dry mixing and / or build-up granulation, for example by means of granulating, fluidized bed and the like.
  • a granulate is obtained which can be processed by conventional dry shaping methods.
  • the pore structure consists of temporary organic porosity agents, which are removed from the preform during a special process step, leaving corresponding pores with regard to quantity, size and shape.
  • pores are introduced into the preform via the processed granules by the shaping process.
  • the porosity agents and the inorganic base materials in the preparation of the granules are coordinated so that the desired multimodal pore structure is formed. It is advantageous to use as a porosity agent a mixture of different substances with different size distribution, shape and structure. Suitable natural organic substances such as starches, cellulose and other botanicals with particle sizes between 1 and 500 microns. But synthetic materials such as waxes and other polymers with matching structure are suitable.
  • An embodiment with a low proportion of nanoscale particles is presented.
  • Colloidal SiO 2 in the nanoscale area acts as a so-called inorganic binder.
  • the inorganic and organic base materials are mixed together.
  • microscale powder 1 to 3 microns
  • the water was placed in a container and the other components were dissolved or dispersed homogeneously in a high-speed stirrer. Subsequently, the slurry was spray dried over an atomizer to a granulate.
  • the heating of the binder and the porosity agent and the solidification was carried out up to a temperature of 1400 0 C with a holding time of 0.5 to 1 hour.
  • the proportion of the so-called inorganic binder, based on the inorganic components of the preform, was about 1 wt% after sintering.
  • the content of the inorganic binder may also be replaced or supplemented by a proportion of up to 10% by weight of other colloidal oxides, for example, alumina, having a particle size of 10 to 200 nanometers.
  • the proportion of nanoscale particles is greater. In the exemplary embodiment 2, it is about 5 wt%, based on the inorganic components of the sintered preform. As already stated, the required sintering temperature also drops correspondingly.
  • the water was placed in a container and the other components were dissolved or dispersed homogeneously in a high-speed stirrer. Subsequently, the slurry was spray dried over an atomizer to a granulate.
  • the plate was heated at about 50 K / h in air at 1250 0 C, held for 1 h at 1250 0 C and then cooled.
  • the resulting plate had a density of 1.71 g / cm 3 , which corresponds to a porosity of about 57%.
  • the plate was solid, sawed into small pieces.
  • the water was placed in a container and the other components were dissolved or dispersed homogeneously in a high-speed stirrer. Subsequently, the slurry was spray dried over an atomizer to a granulate.
  • the plate was heated at about 50 K / h in air to 1100 0 C, held for 1 h at 1100 0 C and then cooled.
  • the resulting plate had a density of 1.83 g / cm 3 , which corresponds to a porosity of about 57%.
  • the plate was solid, sawed into small pieces.
  • the sintering temperature decreases as the proportion of the nanoscale secondary phase increases in order to be able to produce a preform with a strength required for the infiltration process.
  • the temperature treatment can be stationary as a batch process or continuously in a roller furnace. Any required machining of the sintered preforms can be done by milling and drilling, as in the case of green bodies.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Nanotechnology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

Pour la fabrication de matériaux composites, on privilégie la technique des préformes. La préforme doit présenter une résistance élevée et la porosité nécessaire pour l'infiltration avec du métal liquide. Selon l'invention, les propriétés de la préforme sont améliorées par un choix correspondant de la taille et du type des fibres et/ou des particules de la phase secondaire, et/ou par la réalisation d'une structure de portes particulière. En particulier, l'utilisation d'une phase secondaire supplémentaire dans la plage nanoscalaire augmente la résistance de la préforme, ou encore permet d'abaisser la température de solidification de la préforme.
PCT/EP2008/067410 2007-12-21 2008-12-12 Procédé de fabrication de préformes pour composites métal-matrice Ceased WO2009080560A2 (fr)

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EP08863784A EP2225060A2 (fr) 2007-12-21 2008-12-12 Procédé de fabrication de préformes pour composites métal-matrice

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102007055908.0 2007-12-21
DE102007055908 2007-12-21

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WO2009080560A2 true WO2009080560A2 (fr) 2009-07-02
WO2009080560A3 WO2009080560A3 (fr) 2010-03-11

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DE (1) DE102008054561A1 (fr)
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10851020B2 (en) 2018-01-23 2020-12-01 Dsc Materials Llc Machinable metal matrix composite and method for making the same
US11001914B2 (en) 2018-01-23 2021-05-11 Dsc Materials Llc Machinable metal matrix composite and method for making the same

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6180258B1 (en) * 1997-06-04 2001-01-30 Chesapeake Composites Corporation Metal-matrix composites and method for making such composites
US7435376B2 (en) * 2002-12-20 2008-10-14 Ceramtec Ag Composites and method for manufacturing same
DE102006002337B4 (de) * 2006-01-18 2025-10-09 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur Herstellung partikelverstärkter Metalle
DE102007002833A1 (de) * 2007-01-19 2008-07-24 Robert Bosch Gmbh Keramischer Vorkörper zur Herstellung von Metall-Keramik Verbundwerkstoffen

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10851020B2 (en) 2018-01-23 2020-12-01 Dsc Materials Llc Machinable metal matrix composite and method for making the same
US11001914B2 (en) 2018-01-23 2021-05-11 Dsc Materials Llc Machinable metal matrix composite and method for making the same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102008054561A1 (de) 2009-06-25
WO2009080560A3 (fr) 2010-03-11
EP2225060A2 (fr) 2010-09-08

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