WO2009100443A2 - Machine dynamoélectrique à écart axial dotée d'un palier magnétique - Google Patents

Machine dynamoélectrique à écart axial dotée d'un palier magnétique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009100443A2
WO2009100443A2 PCT/US2009/033579 US2009033579W WO2009100443A2 WO 2009100443 A2 WO2009100443 A2 WO 2009100443A2 US 2009033579 W US2009033579 W US 2009033579W WO 2009100443 A2 WO2009100443 A2 WO 2009100443A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
bearing plate
magnets
permanent magnets
machine according
axial gap
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2009/033579
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English (en)
Other versions
WO2009100443A3 (fr
Inventor
Richard Halstead
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Empire Magnetics Inc
Original Assignee
Empire Magnetics Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Empire Magnetics Inc filed Critical Empire Magnetics Inc
Publication of WO2009100443A2 publication Critical patent/WO2009100443A2/fr
Publication of WO2009100443A3 publication Critical patent/WO2009100443A3/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/08—Structural association with bearings
    • H02K7/09—Structural association with bearings with magnetic bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C32/00—Bearings not otherwise provided for
    • F16C32/04—Bearings not otherwise provided for using magnetic or electric supporting means
    • F16C32/0406—Magnetic bearings
    • F16C32/0408—Passive magnetic bearings
    • F16C32/0423—Passive magnetic bearings with permanent magnets on both parts repelling each other
    • F16C32/0427—Passive magnetic bearings with permanent magnets on both parts repelling each other for axial load mainly
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2380/00—Electrical apparatus
    • F16C2380/26—Dynamo-electric machines or combinations therewith, e.g. electro-motors and generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
    • H02K21/24—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets axially facing the armatures, e.g. hub-type cycle dynamos

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to axial gap dynamo electric machines and more particularly, in improvements of the bearings thereof.
  • Axial gap dynamo electric machines deploy stators and rotators that are generally in the shape of parallel and adjacent planar discs, with one of more rotators attached to an axle that passes though the center of each disk.
  • the stators comprises multiple windings that generally wrap across the radial direction of the disc.
  • a Lorenz force is generated by the interaction with magnets arranged along the periphery of the rotor disc.
  • VAWT Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
  • HAWT Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine
  • VAWT installations are believed to present a significantly lower hazard to migrating birds as HAWT systems, as well as require a lower cost and less obtrusive support tower due the axial symmetry of the generator and turbine blades.
  • One such VWAT is disclosed in US Pat. No. 5,531,567, which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • a magnetically levitated VWAT is disclosed in US Pat. No. 7,303,369, which is also incorporated herein by reference.
  • VAWT systems are also more economically viable in remote locations than 100+ kW HAWT systems, there is an ongoing need to improve the efficiency of such machines as well as lower their capital cost so reduce the cost of electrical power derived from this renewable energy resource, and make small to medium size facilities more economically viable for say small communities or even the individual homeowner.
  • EDM electro-dynamo machines
  • the first object is achieved by providing an axial gap dynamo electric machine, the machine comprising: an axle, a stator disk having at least one electrically energizable planar coil array for generating a Lorenz force disposed co-axially about said axle, a rotor disk in rotary co-axle connection to said axle and having at the periphery thereof an array of permanent magnets with each magnetic having an alternating orientation of the poles with respect to the adjacent magnets in the array, a bearing plate disposed immediately below and coplanar with said rotor disk, the bearing plate having two or more circular array of permanent magnets wherein the circular array of the bearing plate coincides with the circular array of permanent magnets about the periphery of said rotor disk to levitate said rotor disk on said axle.
  • a second aspect of the invention is characterized by an axial gap dynamo electric machine, the machine comprising: an axle, a stator disk having at least one electrically energizable planar coil array for generating a Lorenz force disposed co-axially about said axle, a rotor disk in rotary co-axle connection to said axle and having at the periphery thereof an array of permanent magnets with each magnetic having an alternating orientation of the poles with respect to the adjacent magnets in the array, a bearing plate disposed immediately below and coplanar with said rotor disk, the bearing plate having two or more circular array of permanent magnets wherein the circular array of the bearing plate coincides with the circular array of permanent magnets about the periphery of said rotor disk wherein the magnets of the circular arrays of the bearing disk are oriented with the opposite polarity.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a plan view showing an embodiment of a rotor structure of FIG.1.
  • FIG. 3 is a plan view showing an embodiment of the magnetic bearing plate of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 5A is a plan view showing an alternative embodiment of the rotor structure of FIG.l or FIG. 4, whereas FIG. 5B is a enlarged view of a portion thereof.
  • FIG. 6 is a cut away perspective view of another alternative embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 7A-D illustrate in cross-sectional elevation another alternative embodiment for the placements of the magnetic with respect to the bearing plates as well as the result of FEM calculation of magnetic field lines.
  • FIG. 8 is a graph showing the repulsive force generated by the alternative placements of the magnets with respect to the bearing plates for FIG. 7A-C as a function of the magnet strength.
  • FIGS. 1 through 8 wherein like reference numerals refer to like components in the various views, there is illustrated therein a new and improved Axial gap dynamo electric machine with magnetic bearing, generally denominated 100 herein.
  • the coordinate system for FIG. 1 through 8 is non-orthogonal and circular, with the x-direction being the long axis of rotor axle 110, r-direction being the radial direction of the stator disk 120 and rotor disk 130, and the t-direction being tangential to the stator disk 120 and rotor disk 130.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates that primary components of the axial gap EDM 100, which has an axle 110 coupled to at least one rotor disk 130.
  • the rotor disk 130 has at least one, but preferably two rows 131 and 132 of permanent magnets 135 disposed at the periphery.
  • the rotor disk 130 is connected in rotary engagement to axle 110.
  • Each of the permanent magnets 131 is disposed with an alternating orientation of its poles with respect to the adjacent magnets in the row.
  • At least one central bearing member 136 supports at least one of the axle 110 or the rotator 130 to maintain the planar orientation of the stator disk 120 and the rotor disk 130.
  • the size, location and configuration of the bearing supports for the axial and attached rotor will depend on the number or rotors and stators, as well as the diameter of the axle 110.
  • the rotor disk 130 has a large diameter and is heavy it is advantageous to provide a bearing support distal from axle 110, and thus minimize the requirements for central bearings like 136, and the load thereon.
  • a bearing plate 140 having at least one, but preferably two circular rows of magnets 145. As the speed and centrifugal forces are greatest at the outer extent of the rotor 130, proximal to the circular rows of magnets 145, the levitation of the rotor plate 140 is frictionless, other than air resistance, and minimizes the load on the axle and central bearings member(s) 136.
  • the bearing plate 140 is disk shaped and is disposed below rotor plate 130. It should further be appreciated that the disk shaped bearing plate
  • the 140 is preferably a ferromagnetic material, such as iron or steel.
  • the magnets 145 of the bearing plate are preferably arranged in a dual circular track near the periphery of the bearing plate 140, having an outer row 141 and an inner row 142 of magnets 145.
  • the individual magnets that comprise each ring or row 141 and 145 are oriented such that the poles are opposed to that of the magnet in the adjacent ring.
  • the magnets 141 and 142 of the bearing plate 140 can be tangential arc segments attached to the surface of the bearing plate 140, as shown in Fig. 3 A.
  • the magnets 135 of rotor 130 can also be tangential arc segments attached to the surface of the rotor, as shown in FIG. 6, but are more preferably at least partially embedded in the rotor plate 140 (as shown in FIG. 1 and 4) for improved mechanical stability and to reduce the gap between the magnets of the rotor tracks or rings 131 and 132 and the magnetic bearing tracks or rings
  • magnets 135 can be round as shown in FIG. 2, but more preferably are trapezoidal shaped with round edges as shown in FIG. 5
  • polarity of the pairs of magnets arranged about the periphery of the stationery bearing plate 140 alternate. That is, in outer rings 132 (on the rotor 130) and 142 (on the bearing plate 140) the magnets 135 and 145 respectively are arranged to have their N poles face each other across the gap between the inner rings 131 and 142, while the S poles should face each other across the gap between the rotor plates 130 and the bearing plate 140. It has been discovered that this arrangement results in an increased levitation force compared to arranging the magnetic in each track with the same polarity.
  • the resulting magnetic levitation of the rotor 130, using passive magnets 145 has several advantages.
  • the system is generally mechanically stabilized with a bushing type bearing 136 on axle 110.
  • This stabilization can be accomplished in a number of ways including ball and roller bearings.
  • This general concept can be applied to large diameter motors and alternators where the magnetic bearing system disclosed herein can be substituted for expensive and speed limiting mechanical bearing systems.
  • Ball bearings have upper speed limits that go down as the diameter of the bearings increase, with the expense of the bearings increases roughly as the square of the radius.
  • the magnetic bearing system disclosed herein has very low friction. It is expected that the disclosed magnetic bearing system will have a practically infinite life due to no direct contact and mechanic wear. Further, although a single bearing 136 may still be required, it will be easier to replace during maintenance.
  • the magnetsl45 that are supporting the rotor 130 are also the motor magnets, as shown in the configuration of FIG. 4, wherein the stator 120 is now disposed between the rotor and the bearing plate 140.
  • magnets 145 are doing double duty, and hence reducing the cost and weight of the device 100. It should be appreciated that various other patterns of magnets can be used.
  • Another preferred approach is to have the ends of rectangular, trapezoidal or arc segment magnets 135 be extended inward or outward depending on the polarity, so the ends of the magnets are the supporting element, while the middle or main body of the magnet is active as the motor or alternator.
  • narrower edge of the trapezoidal magnet is oriented toward the center of the disk or axle, increasing the packing density.
  • These magnets 135 are longer in the radial direction so that they can be arranged in partially overlapping rows 131 and 132.
  • the polarity is the same in each row, that is the outer row 132 has the N pole up, while the inner row
  • each magnet has the S pole up. This results in the overlapping portions of the rows (region 133) providing adjacent magnets of opposite polarity (i.e. N-S-N-S if straddling the middle point of the rows) for interaction with the stator coils. Portions of each magnet also extend beyond the magnet of opposite polarity in the adjacent row, that is the magnets in row 132 have a portion 132a extending in the outward radial direction beyond row 131, while the magnets in row 131 have a portion 131b extending in the inward radial direction, beyond the magnet of row 132.
  • outward extending portions 132a and inward extending portions 131b are repelled by the magnets of row 142 and 141 respectively of magnetic bearing 140 to provide the magnetic bearing function.
  • the motor stator windings 120 will react with the magnets in portion 133 where they overlap, while the bearing magnets 141/142 interact with the ends 131b/132a of the rotor 130 magnets where they do not overlap.
  • the permanent magnets 135 are also preferably at least partially embedded in the rotor disk 130. Further, it is also preferable that the magnets 145 of the bearing disk 140 are slightly embedded therein. Accordingly, annular grooves 146 are provided in bearing plate 140 to at least partially embed the magnets 145.
  • FIG. 7A-C The results of deploying single and double track of magnets 145 on the bearing plate 140 using various groove configuration is shown in FIG. 7A-C in which the geometric design of the magnets and groove is shown in heavy black lines superimposed over the calculated magnetic field lines.
  • the resultant net repulsive force in N/m for these configurations are plotted in Fig. 8 as a function of magnet field strength in Tesla.
  • the magnets 135 and 145 are preferably of a Nb-Fe-B alloy to provide high field strength.
  • the most efficient design is shown in FIG. 7C in which the bearing plate 140 has a stepped groove pattern 147 with a bottom groove 148 that fits the outer dimension of the magnetic and a upper surrounding groove 149 that is wider than groove 148.
  • FIG. 7 A shows the geometry and resulting magnetic field lines when a single magnet track 141 and 131 is used in the bearing plate 140 and rotor 130. Hence these magnets fit in the groove with a width of 120 mm, wherein each magnet has a height
  • FIG. 7A and 7B The depth of the groove for holding the magnets in FIG. 7A and 7B is only several mm. In all cases (FIG. 7A-C) the air gap between the face of the magnets 135 and 145 is 3 mm.
  • FIG. 7B the same calculations are performed but the single magnets of the same total volume is split into two dual rails or tracks in which the magnets in each of the dual tracks or rings have a height 30 mm and a width 60 mm.
  • the magnets 145 on the rotor disk 140 are now disposed in a stepped groove 147 with the bottom step 149 that secure the magnets have a depth of about several mm, but potentially up to about a third of the magnet height.
  • the second step 148, on both side of the lower bottom step 149 has a height that extends from just below the top of the magnet to the edge of the bottom step 149. It is desirable that the width of the bottom step is at least greater than the gap between the rotor 130 and the bearing plate 140, with the top of the bearing plate magnets 145 being at or slighting above the top of the bearing plate 140.
  • the embodiments of the invention disclosed herein permits the construction of large scale axial gap electric dynamo machines for use as generators and motors, in particular for wind power generation of electricity.
  • Such magnetic bearings permit all types of axial gap dynamoelectric machine to operate at higher speeds with improved reliability and lifetime, while minimizing equipment maintenance.
  • the higher efficiently of the magnetic bearing system described herein it is anticipated that the various embodiment need not be limited to EDM's, but may be used in other rotary devices that operate at low or high speed and require ultra low friction for reliability or the mechanical stability of the bearing system described herein.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Spinning Or Twisting Of Yarns (AREA)
  • Magnetic Bearings And Hydrostatic Bearings (AREA)
  • Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une machine dynamoélectrique à écart axial comprenant un disque de rotor disposé horizontalement et stabilisé en périphérie par plusieurs aimants permanents reliés à une plaque d'appui ferromagnétique qui produit une force d'opposition ou de répulsion contre les aimants du rotor. Dans certains modes de réalisation préférés, les aimants de la plaque d'appui sont disposés en deux bandes afin d'accroître le champ magnétique qui soutient la périphérie du rotor en rotation.
PCT/US2009/033579 2008-02-10 2009-02-09 Machine dynamoélectrique à écart axial dotée d'un palier magnétique Ceased WO2009100443A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US2746508P 2008-02-10 2008-02-10
US61/027,465 2008-02-10

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2009100443A2 true WO2009100443A2 (fr) 2009-08-13
WO2009100443A3 WO2009100443A3 (fr) 2009-10-08

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PCT/US2009/033579 Ceased WO2009100443A2 (fr) 2008-02-10 2009-02-09 Machine dynamoélectrique à écart axial dotée d'un palier magnétique

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102148592A (zh) * 2010-02-08 2011-08-10 国能风力发电有限公司 一种用于垂直轴盘式电机的磁悬浮支撑结构
CN103629233A (zh) * 2013-11-18 2014-03-12 钱坤喜 永磁减载轴向滚子轴承
CN103629232A (zh) * 2013-11-18 2014-03-12 钱坤喜 永磁减载径向滚子轴承
CN110630634A (zh) * 2019-10-03 2019-12-31 张耕乾 一种摩擦小不易变形的轴承
WO2023113590A1 (fr) * 2021-12-16 2023-06-22 Bamboo Turbo Technology Sdn Bhd Rotor à axe horizontal à lévitation magnétique, éolienne à flux axial

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6891302B1 (en) * 2000-09-23 2005-05-10 Christopher W. Gabrys Light-weight high-power electrical machine
US6710489B1 (en) * 2001-08-30 2004-03-23 Indigo Energy, Inc. Axially free flywheel system
US6750588B1 (en) * 2002-06-03 2004-06-15 Christopher W. Gabrys High performance axial gap alternator motor
JP2005033973A (ja) * 2003-06-19 2005-02-03 Yukio Kinoshita 磁石及び電磁石による駆動力発生装置及びこれを組み込んだ回転電機や駆動装置

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102148592A (zh) * 2010-02-08 2011-08-10 国能风力发电有限公司 一种用于垂直轴盘式电机的磁悬浮支撑结构
WO2011094914A1 (fr) * 2010-02-08 2011-08-11 国能风力发电有限公司 Dispositif de support par suspension magnétique pour éolienne à arbre vertical
CN103629233A (zh) * 2013-11-18 2014-03-12 钱坤喜 永磁减载轴向滚子轴承
CN103629232A (zh) * 2013-11-18 2014-03-12 钱坤喜 永磁减载径向滚子轴承
CN110630634A (zh) * 2019-10-03 2019-12-31 张耕乾 一种摩擦小不易变形的轴承
WO2023113590A1 (fr) * 2021-12-16 2023-06-22 Bamboo Turbo Technology Sdn Bhd Rotor à axe horizontal à lévitation magnétique, éolienne à flux axial

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Publication number Publication date
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