WO2009103024A2 - Procédés et compositions destinés à améliorer les propriétés de surface de tissus, de vêtements, de textiles et d’autres substrats - Google Patents

Procédés et compositions destinés à améliorer les propriétés de surface de tissus, de vêtements, de textiles et d’autres substrats Download PDF

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WO2009103024A2
WO2009103024A2 PCT/US2009/034150 US2009034150W WO2009103024A2 WO 2009103024 A2 WO2009103024 A2 WO 2009103024A2 US 2009034150 W US2009034150 W US 2009034150W WO 2009103024 A2 WO2009103024 A2 WO 2009103024A2
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composition
fabric
fabrics
weight
substrate
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WO2009103024A3 (fr
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Bakul C. Dave
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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M13/50—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with organometallic compounds; with organic compounds containing boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium atoms
    • D06M13/51—Compounds with at least one carbon-metal or carbon-boron, carbon-silicon, carbon-selenium, or carbon-tellurium bond
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/0005—Other compounding ingredients characterised by their effect
    • C11D3/001—Softening compositions
    • C11D3/0015—Softening compositions liquid
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
    • C11D3/162—Organic compounds containing Si
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/43—Solvents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D2111/00—Cleaning compositions characterised by the objects to be cleaned; Cleaning compositions characterised by non-standard cleaning or washing processes
    • C11D2111/10—Objects to be cleaned
    • C11D2111/12—Soft surfaces, e.g. textile
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M2200/00—Functionality of the treatment composition and/or properties imparted to the textile material
    • D06M2200/10—Repellency against liquids
    • D06M2200/12—Hydrophobic properties

Definitions

  • the invention relates to organosilane compositions, methods of making such compositions and methods for improving water repellency and other surface properties of fabrics, garments, textiles, and other materials using such compositions.
  • Fabrics made from both natural and man-made fibers have an intrinsic tendency to absorb water due to the presence of hydrogen-bonding interactions on the surface.
  • Textiles, fabrics, and garments are typically made of natural and synthetic fibers with functional groups that can participate in hydrogen bonding interactions. These interactions can be within the fibers of the garment or with exogenous molecules that come in contact with the fabrics during normal usage as well as during cleaning and normal fabric care processes. While all fibers typically have some hydrogen bonding groups, natural fibers made of cotton, wool, and other natural substances are characterized by a significant number of hydrogen bonding sites.
  • the chemical interactions of fabrics are characterized by surface hydrogen bonding interactions that give rise to adhesion of water, staining agents, dirt and soil, bodily secretions, cellular components, microbes, and other exogenous entities that can bind to the fabric surface.
  • surface hydrogen bonding interactions that give rise to adhesion of water, staining agents, dirt and soil, bodily secretions, cellular components, microbes, and other exogenous entities that can bind to the fabric surface.
  • different chemical components in a detergent also bind to the surface of fabrics during the normal cleaning and laundry processes. The adhesion of these molecules to the surface of the fabric is facilitated by the hydrogen bonding sites on the textile fibers of the fabric.
  • a typical fabric cleaning process employs similar interactions for removal of soil and for cleaning of the fabrics.
  • a fabric's ability to absorb water during the washing process is directly related to the surface hydrogen bonding sites. Subsequent drying times are dictated by the density of hydrogen bonding interactions.
  • polyester fabrics, for example (which contain fewer hydrogen bonding sites) absorb less water during the washing process and also dry faster due to easy evaporation of water molecules. Therefore, the use of a coating to reduce the number of surface hydrogen bonding sites on fabrics or garments can minimize surface wetting and prevent adhesion of water, dirt, or other molecules to the surface of garments. This reduced binding of water means the fabrics are water resistant and easier to dry.
  • An additional factor in the wear and comfort of textiles relates to softness, fluffiness, and smoothness of fabrics. These attributes are related to mechanical properties of garments, specifically, to fibers that interact significantly with each other through hydrogen bonding interactions on the surface of a garment. Increased inter-fiber interactions mediated by hydrogen bonding interactions cause an increase in mechanical stiffness of fabrics. Strategies for imparting softness in fabrics normally employ reduction of inter-fiber interactions to make the fabrics soft and elastic.
  • the principal reactants in chemical reactions on the surface of fabrics are the surface hydroxyl groups that bind to different chemical agents leading to adsorption of dirt and staining agents which make clothes dirty and soiled. The strength of these reactions dictates whether the stains are permanent or easily removable by dissolving them in detergent. Adsorption of different molecules on the surface of fabrics is also responsible for the development of odor in garments. Typically the odor causing molecules are gaseous molecules that can adsorb on the surface via hydrogen bonding interactions. An additional cause of malodor development in fabrics is the growth of mold, mildew, bacteria, and other microorganisms which attach to the fabrics and release metabolic products that give rise to odor causing molecules.
  • Organosilanes have been used in some treatments of fabrics and other substales impart water repellency.
  • one problem with such prior art compositions is that they are typically aerosols and not aqueous solutions.
  • typically such prior art compositions are not easily applied by the consumer and often require professional application of the water repellent composition. This aspect of the prior art compositions renders them relatively costly to apply and subject to one-time or infrequent application.
  • organosilane based compositions One of the problems frequently associated with organosilane based compositions is physical instability upon storage. This problem is usually accentuated when the composition is stored for significantly longer periods (e.g., greater man six months) at low temperatures (e.g., at 5 degrees C or below) or at elevated temperatures (60 degrees C or above). Physical instability can manifest itself as a thickening, gelling or solidification of organosilane. This thickening can occur to a level at which the liquid is no longer pourable, and can even lead to the formation of an irreversible gel. Such thickening is very undesirable because the composition can thereafter no longer be conveniently used for its intended purpose and/or it is unattractive to the consumer. For example, stable fabric conditioning concentrates are increasingly desired by the consumer. Generally, it would be desirable to have shelf-stabile organosilane based compositions.
  • the present invention discloses the use of organosilane(s) as a semi-permanent surface treatment for substrates such as fabrics, garments, textiles, and other materials. These organosilanes adhere to the surface of the substrates via a combination of covalent and/or noncovalent interactions.
  • a benefit of this treatment is that fabrics and other materials retain the native characteristics such as color, texture, breathabiiity and overall feel while at the same time exhibiting enhanced optical properties, softness, smoothness, and overall ease of wearability.
  • Some of the beneficial properties which result from this treatment are, without limitation: 1) stain resistance, 2) water repellency, 3) softness, 4) brightness and optical gloss, 4) resistance to microbial adhesion and growth, and reduction of odors, 5) retention of visual appearance with respect to wear and tear associated with normal care, and 6) reduction of optical fading, chromatic shifts, surface deterioration, pilling, and lint formation in the surface to which the treatment is applied.
  • the present invention further discloses a composition
  • a composition comprising: a) an effective amount of an organosilane or mixtures thereof, b) a catalyst, c) water, d) a solvent, and e) optionally, an emulsifier, thickener, or stabilizer for liquid conditioner applications.
  • the organosilane composition is supplied in a liquid form that is suitable for use as a spray or as a liquid rinse conditioner, either of which is stable and maintains its liquid state without gelling under ambient conditions for extended periods of lime.
  • the present invention also discloses a method for improving the water repellency and other properties including 1) stain resistance, 2) water repellency, 3) softness, 4) brightness and optical gloss, 4) resistance to microbial adhesion and growth, and reduction of odors, 5) retention of visual appearance with respect to wear and tear associated with normal care, and 6) reduction of optical fading, chromatic shifts, surface deterioration, pilling, and lint formation of fabrics and various materials comprising: a) treating the substrate with the composition, b) removing the excess solution from the substrate, and c) drying the composition under ambient conditions or alternatively, drying the composition at an elevated temperature in a dryer.
  • Use of the composition in the present invention also may serve as a water and energy saving aid since the fabric, when treated with the organosilane composition, will absorb less water during the washing process and dry more quickly.
  • Figure 1 illustrates a method for improving the water repellency of fabric according to one embodiment of the present invention:
  • Figure 2a and 2b illustrate the increased stain repellency after treatment of a fabric with a composition achieved according to me principles of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a graph demonstrating the gradual weight change of shirts after wrashing and through the drying process for untreated fabrics and fabrics treated according to the principles of the present invention
  • Figure 4 is a graph illustrating the reduced bacterial growth for treated fabrics achieved according to the principles of the present invention.
  • the invention is directed to methods and compositions for improving the surface properties of fabric and other materials and substrates.
  • the methods and compositions may improve stain resistance and other properties of fabric or other materials.
  • the beneficial properties achieved may be imparted to fabrics and other materials, such as glass, plastics, ceramics, composites, metal, paper, wood, and leather, as well as other substrates.
  • halides "alkoxides,” “carboxylates,” “phosphates,” “sulfates “ “hydroxides,” “hydrides” and “oxides” are intended to have their art-recognized meanings.
  • alkyl alkenyl
  • alkynyl phenyl
  • benzenyl hydrocarbon and “fluorocarbon” are also intended to have their art-recognized meanings.
  • composition of the present invention further comprises water, at least one catalyst, at least one solvent to dissolve or disperse the components, and mixtures thereof.
  • composition of the present invention may further comprise a stabilizer to improve the shelf-life; a thickener to achieve and maintain the desired viscosity, an emulsifier, a perfume, a dye, a preservative; or mixtures of any two or more such components.
  • the composition of the present invention can also contain other ingredients to provide additional fabric care benefits, and/or to improve performance and formulation.
  • composition of the present invention may be applied to fabrics or other materials as a liquid, a gel, or a particulate additive.
  • the composition may be applied during the wash or rinse cycle of a routine laundry process.
  • the amount (by % weight) of an organosilane or mixture of organosilanes in the composition can vary typically from about 0.1 % to about 90%, preferably from about 1% to about 60%, and more preferably from about 3% to about 25%, by weight of the fabric treatment composition.
  • the amount (by % weight) of water in the composition can vary from 0.001 % to about 99%, preferably from about 1 % to about 75%, and more preferably from about 2% to about 20%, by weight of the fabric treatment composition.
  • the amount (by % weight) of a catalyst in the composition can vary from 0.001 % to about 20%, preferably from about 0.1% to about 10%, more preferably from about 2% to about 5%, by weight of the fabric treatment composition.
  • the amount (by % weight) of a stabilizer in the composition can vary from 0.1 % to about 10%, preferably from about 0.1% to about 1 %, and more preferably from about 0.2% to about 0.5%, by weight of the fabric treatment composition.
  • the amount (by % weight) of thickener in the composition can vary from 0.1% to about 10%, preferably from about 0.1% to about 1%, more preferably from about 0.2% to about 0.5%, by weight of the fabric treatment composition.
  • the amount (by % weight) of the solvent in the composition can vary from 1% to about 99.999%, preferably from about 10% to about 90%, and more preferably from about 50% to about 80%, by weight of the fabric treatment composition.
  • the amount (by % weight) of the fragrance can vary from 0% to about 15%, preferably from about 0.1% to about 6%, and more preferably from about 0.2% to about 5%, by weight of the fabric treatment composition.
  • compositions of the invention have a pH of at least about 1.5, and less than about 5, preferably the pH is from about 2.5 to about 6, and more preferably from about 4 to about 7.5.
  • carboxylic acids such as phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, lactic acid, maleic acid, malic acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, isocitric acid, aconitic acid, and amino acids may be used.
  • Polycarboxylic acids such as polyacrylic acids may also be used.
  • Quaternary ammonium silanes such as Octadecyldimethyl(3- trimethoxysilylpropyl)ammonium chloride, (2-N benzylaminoethyI)-3-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane, hydrochloride; n, n-Didecyl-n-meihyl-n-(3- trimethoxysilylpropyDammonium chloride; and Tetradecyldimethyl(3- trimethoxysilylpropyl)ammonium chloride, N- (trimethoxysilylethyl)benzyltrimethylammonium chloride may also be selected.
  • solvents examples include alcohols, ketones, and esters and similar compounds. Specifically, more preferred solvents include ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, t-butanol and similar compounds. Additionally, the following solvents may be used: polyols such as, for example, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol, and esters such as, for example, benzyl acetate, ethyl acetate, and lactic acetate.
  • solvents such as, for example, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol
  • esters such as, for example, benzyl acetate, ethyl acetate, and lactic acetate.
  • thickeners and emulsifiers include, pectin, maltodextrose, carbomer (carbopol) polymers, propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, glycerol, polypropylene glycol, polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, copolymers of PEO-PPO, copolymer PEG-PPG, PEG-functionalized silicone polymers (viscosity 10-600 cSt), PEO- functionalized silicone polymers (viscosity 10-600 cSt); PPO-functionalized silicone polymers (viscosity 10-600 cSt) Polysaccharides, starches, agar, carrageenan, and gums and similar compounds. Emulsifiers such as sorbitol, and triton x-100 may also be used.
  • examples of stabilizers may also include, hydrogen chloride (HCl) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH).
  • fragrances may include aldehydes, alcohols, ketones or esters of the types generally used in perfumes; amyl benzoate, benzophenone, benzyl salicylate, cyclohexyl salicylate, carvacrol, citral, citronellol, anisole, benzaldehyde, benzyl acetate, benzyl acetone, benzyl alcohol, benzyl formate, benzyl iso valerate, benzyl propionate, dimethyl benzyl carbinol, ethyl benzoate, ethyl cmnamate, ethyl hexyl ketone, fructone, frutene (tricyclo decenyl propionate), cyclohexyl ethyl alcohol, geraniol, alpha-ionone, isobomyl acetate, isobutyl benzoate, and isononyl alcohol and similar compounds.
  • the treatment conditioner product of the present invention may be in the form of a liquid, gel, paste, spray, or foam, for example.
  • the commercial product include a spray, a soaking product, a rinse additive conditioner, a finishing agent, or a main wash product integrated with a suitable Kquid detergent formulation.
  • the composition of the present invention may be applied to a fabric, garment or other substance via dipping, soaking, misting, or via a spraying process, followed by a drying step.
  • Compositions of the present invention may include, for example: a) spray compositions for independent in-home or commercial treatments, and b) fabric conditioning compositions for use in the rinse cycle of a laundry process, in particular the rinse cycle of a domestic or industrial laundry process.
  • compositions of the present invention are preferably present as a clear liquid for use as a spray, or as a viscous liquid for use as a rinse additive conditioner, either of which is stable and maintains its liquid state without gelling under ambient conditions for extended periods of time. See Tables, 1, 1a, and 1 b below.
  • the compositions according to the present invention preferably have a viscosity in the range of about 0.3 cP to about 5 cP for spray compositions and about 100 cP to about 450 cP in the form of liquid conditioner formulations. It is a particular advantage of the present invention that viscosities in this range can be achieved without the use of expensive additional viscosity control agents in the formulations, as is known in the art
  • the organosilane(s) improve fabric properties by binding to the fibers in the fabric. It is believed that the organosilane molecules interact with the hydrogen bonding sites of the fibers via the silanol terminals of the hydrolyzed silanes. It is believed that when the organic groups on the silanol species bond to the fibers, their environment thereby alters a majority of the fabric surface such that the majority of the surface is comprised of hydro(fluoro)carbon chains. It is believed that this reduction in surface hydrogen binding sites is responsible for the functional enhancement of the garments observed in the present invention.
  • the organosilane species are stabilized in the liquid state without undergoing chemical reactions to form gels and/or solids.
  • the liquid compositions of the present invention can be stable for extended periods without exhibiting any change in physical state, consistency, viscosity or functional performance. It is believed that the formation of gels and solids by the organosilane compounds of the present invention is prevented by the hydrogen bonding, canonic or anionic additives in the composition which provide the dual functions of: a) acting as dispersion aids, and b) acting as silanol condensation inhibitors.
  • the term ''silica-based compositions is commonly used to refer to the hydolyzed silanes which are present in the compositions of the present invention
  • Formulations of the type illustrated in the previous tables above may be mixed with any alkoxysilane with a terminal or bridging R group.
  • the compounds with chains longer than 6 carbon atoms generally may exhibit greater shelf stability than compounds with fewer than 6 carbon atoms in embodiments of the invention which include premixed consumer products.
  • An embodiment of the present invention also discloses a method for improving the water repellency of fabrics and other materials comprising: a )blending the organosilane compound, a catalyst, a solvent, and water to form a silane-based composition, b) treating the substrate with the composition, c) removing the excess solution from the substrate, and d) drying the composition under ambient conditions or alternatively, curing the composition at an elevated temperature in a dryer.
  • Figure 1 illustrates a method 100 for improving water repellency of a fabric 110 according to one embodiment This method 100 comprises contacting the fabric 110 with an aqueous solution 120 or treatment solution that comprises water and a silane-based composition.
  • the solution is used primarily to improve water repellent properties of the fabric 110 through the creation or deposition of a coating on the fabric 110.
  • the solution 120 can also serve auxiliary functions such as cleaning and conditioning the fabric.
  • the fabric 110 can also be contacted with a plurality of other solutions, concurrently or separately with 1he treatment solution providing the water repellent properties and, concurrently or separately from each other, each solution serving a different purpose.
  • the fabric 110 could be contacted with one or more solutions to clean or remove stains from the fabric 110, condition the fabric 110, or treat the fabric 110 to improve stain resistance.
  • the fabric 110 is contacted with the aqueous solution 120 either by adding the fabric 110 to the aqueous solution 120 or adding the aqueous solution 120 to the fabric 1 10.
  • the fabric 110 and aqueous solution 120 mixture can be agitated or stirred to ensure even contact between the fabric and the active ingredients in the silane-based composition in the aqueous solution 120.
  • ingredients of the silane-based composition are combined with the fabric 110 and agitated at room temperature for approximately 10 minutes.
  • the optimal temperature and time duration may vary according to: a) the type of washer being used (e.g., top loading, front loading, high efficiency); b) the capacity of each automatic washer; c) the fabric load in each automatic washer (e.g., full, medium, half, quarter, small etc.); d) duration of the wash cycle (e.g., normal, heavy); the duration of the rinse cycle (e.g., short, medium, long); e) the water temperature settings of each automatic washer (e.g., cold, warm, or hot); and f) other variable settings of each automatic washer.
  • the amount of time in which the fabric 110 is in contact with the aqueous solution 120 depends partly on the material of fabric 110 being treated (e.g., cotton, polyester, rayon), the type of fabric 110 (e.g., knitted, woven), the relative ratios of the silane-based mixture to water, and the amount of fabric 110 being treated. For example, use of higher concentrations of the silane-based mixture may require less contact time to impart desired properties to the fabric 110. Similarly, longer contact times may be required to treat large amounts of fabric 110.
  • any excess aqueous solution 120 is then removed from the fabric 110.
  • the aqueous solution 120 can be removed from the fabric 110 by either draining the aqueous solution 120 from the fabric 110, applying manual pressure to the fabric 110 (e.g., twisting or squeezing), or applying centrifugal forces to the fabric 110 (e.g., spinning in a washing machine).
  • removal of the excess aqueous solution 120 from the fabric 110 occurs in either the rinse or the spin cycle of an automatic washing machine.
  • the fabric 110 can be rinsed with water to remove excess aqueous solution 120 and any other residual cleaning and treatment agents.
  • the fabric 110 is dried in step 130.
  • the drying 130 occurs in an automatic laundering and drying system.
  • the automatic tumble dryer may be configured to apply heat to the fabric 110.
  • the automatic tumble dryer is configured to operate at a drying temperature of approximately 135°F. The drying temperature will vary depending on the types of fabrics 110 being used and whether the fabrics 110 have been treated with any chemicals.
  • the drying 130 occurs in the same machine as the other operations of method 100.
  • the drying 130 occurs without the aid of heat (e.g., air drying in dryer, line drying at room temperature, or line drying with assistance of external fan).
  • the automatic laundering and drying system may include one or more washing machines and at least one dryer.
  • the washing machines may each contain a set of cycles associated with the washing process such as wash, rinse, and spia Alternatively, each washing machine may be configured to perform a specific function associated with each cycle.
  • the fabric 110 may be contacted with the aqueous solution 120 during the wash or the rinse cycle. This coats the fabric 110 with the active ingredients in the silane-based composition that, as previously mentioned, reduces the absorption of water by the fabrics and hence increases water repellency of the fabric.
  • the method of the present invention may be carried out as a treatment of the fabric before or after it has been made into garments, for example, as part of an industrial textile treatment process. It may be provided as a spray composition, e.g., for domestic (or industrial) application to fabric in a treatment separate from a conventional domestic laundering process. Alternatively, in the method of the present invention, the treatment is carried out as part of a laundering process. Suitable laundering processes include large- scale and small-scale (e.g., domestic) processes, in which the fabric care composition of the invention may be used in the rinse cycle or sprayed onto a fabric. It is particularly advantageous, and surprising, that the composition can be cured simply by drying, even under room temperature conditions. Alternatively, a tumble dryer can be used to accelerate the curing process. See Table 2 below.
  • a further advantage of the method of the present invention is that, when the composition is applied as a spray, one application is sufficient to obtain the desired benefits for many subsequent washes. If the composition of the present invention is applied during the wash or rinse cycle of a laundry process, a progressive build-up of benefits is observed after each wash, although curing with a tumble dryer is required after each wash. Thus, garments become progressively more stain and water repellent, progressively softer and smoother, and appear brighter with each successive application. Similar effects were observed for application of the composition as a rinse conditioner.
  • a comparison test on treated and untreated garments illustrates the increased stain repellency in fabrics treated with the composition of the present invention.
  • Each garment is exposed to a small amount of the staining agent for a given amount of time.
  • the spray treated fabric was exposed to tea for S minutes, 10 minutes, 20 minutes, and 30 minutes.
  • Another sample of the spray treated fabric was then exposed to coffee for the same time intervals- S minutes, 10 minutes, 20 minutes, and 30 minutes.
  • the treated fabric does not show any residual stain, even after 20 minutes.
  • Tn contrast the untreated fabric has some residual stain left after a short exposure time.
  • the components of the silane-based composition are pre-mixed before use.
  • the maximum amount of time between the preparation of the composition and the actual use of the composition will vary depending on the interactions of the stabilizer with other components of the composition, the physical state of the composition (e.g., liquid, gel or particulate suspension), and the pH of the composition.
  • a portion of the components may be prepared in advance while other components are combined later.
  • all of the components may be concurrently combined with a fabric at the time of treatment
  • a fabric may be contacted with a solution of the present invention multiple times or with fresh solutions. For example, the fabric is contacted with the composition once, and then as needed, contacted with the composition subsequent times if necessary.
  • the silane-based composition of the present invention reduces the amount of energy consumed and the time required for drying the fabric by reducing the number of hydrogen bonding sites on the fabric surfaces.
  • the reduction of hydrogen bonding sites on the fabric enhances the water repellency of the fabric because the fabric absorbs less water.
  • Fabrics treated with the composition absorb approximately 20% to approximately 25% less water compared to untreated fabrics at the end of washing. See Tables 2, 3, 4 and Fig. 3. Additionally, the treated fabrics show approximately 10% to approximately 25% reduction in drying time when drying the fabric in a nimble dryer.
  • AATCC stands for the American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists.
  • AATCC detergent is a standard detergent used for testing since commercial detergents vary significantly in their formulation from brand to brand, the AATCC detergent provides a universal standard.
  • the graph plots weight change of twelve polo shirts as they dry.
  • the equilibrium dry weight is the weight of the polo shirts left at Room temperature before washing.
  • the t 0 weight of the load treated with Sol-Gel starts out the lowest because it retains less water.
  • mis load achieves the equilibrium dry weight much faster as compared to untreated shirts.
  • the reduction in drying time ranges typically from 15 to 20%.
  • the formulation used was Composition VIl from Table Ib.
  • a solution formulated according to the principle of the present invention includes approximately 90-100g of the silane-based mixture discussed above per approximately 15 gallons of water. This ratio may change depending on; a) the type of fabric being treated, b) amount of fabric being treated, c) the type of each of the automatic washers being used (e.g., top loading, front loading, high efficiency), d) the capacity of each of the automatic washer being used, the fabric load in each of the automatic washers (e.g. full, medium, half, quarter, small), e) the setting of the water temperature used in each of the automatic washers (e.g., cold, warm, hot), and f) other variable settings of each automatic washer being used.
  • the type of fabric being treated e.g., b) amount of fabric being treated
  • the type of each of the automatic washers being used e.g., top loading, front loading, high efficiency
  • the capacity of each of the automatic washer being used e.g. full, medium, half, quarter, small
  • the treated fabric may be cotton, polyester, rayon, silk, acetate, nylon, wool, or combinations thereof.
  • the composition of the solution of the present invention and other parameters of method 100 may vary depending on the type of fabric being treated, as different fabrics may have different numbers of hydrogen bonding sites.
  • a coating on a fabric or other material can be removed or dissolved by contacting the fabric or other material with a basic compound (e.g., pH>7.0).
  • the basic compound may include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, detergent, or any combinations thereof.
  • the basic compound to be contacted with the fabric may be present in the form of a solution, a gel, or other physical state.
  • the coating may be removed either completely or partially while washing the fabric with detergent in the wash cycle of an automatic washer. Alternatively, the coating could be removed from the fabric under other circumstances (e.g., while the fabric is being conditioned, while the fabric is being rinsed, while the fabric is being spun dry, or before the fabric is washed).
  • Table 4 above illustrates the weight of load as a function of drying time in a tumble dryer.
  • the ratings numbers indicate the relative water repellency of different conditions. In general, the spray treated samples have a higher water repellency than the rinse treated samples.
  • Treatment of fabrics and other materials with the compositions and methods of the present invention also results in improved softness of the fabric, improved brightness and optical gloss, improved resistance to bacterial growth and reduced surface deterioration and lint formation. See Figure 4 and Table 5.
  • microbial growth in the fabrics was measured over time. Treated and untreated fabrics swatches were exposed to the environment for one week followed by monitoring bacterial growth in culture medium under ambient conditions. The absorbance value directly relates to bacterial concentration.
  • a major consideration for comfort associated with a garment is the breathability of the textiles and garments. Breathability of fabrics, textiles and garments is an important attribute that is highly desired by wearers.
  • Coating garments typically retards the flow of gaseous molecules such as oxygen and water vapor across the air-garment-skin interface.
  • Ease of garment wearability and breathability depends upon the diffusion, flow and permeation of oxygen and air across the air-garment interface and counter-flow of water vapor, surface reaction byproducts, and other metabolically generated gaseous molecules across the garment-skin interface into the environment The breathability of fabric is illustrated in Table 6 below.
  • the bi-directional diffusion and permeation of gaseous molecules is governed by the physical and chemical characteristics of the garment acting as a membrane barrier.
  • the diffusion of gaseous molecules and permeability of the garment membranes is dictated by the porosity of the textile weave and the degree to which it enables the flow of molecules thru the open spaces in the membrane.
  • the enhanced transport of vapors across the garment membranes is due to modification of the surface chemical structure.
  • the treatment of fabrics by the formulation alters both the physical as well as chemical characteristics of woven/knitted garments comprised of an interwoven network of fibers and channels. It is believed that the fibers and channels of treated garments are modified so as to enhance and facilitate diffusion, permeability and transport of gaseous entities through the fabrics. It is believed that the treatment alters the chemical structure of channel surfaces thereby reducing the extent of hydrogen bonding interactions with the water molecules, which results in chemically unencumbered flow of vapors and faster transport rates.
  • the treatment acts as binder for the fibrils present in the garment
  • the individual fibers comprising the network in the garment exhibit relative compactions thereby making the porous structure more well-defined, streamlined, and favorable for passage of molecules.
  • This smoothing of channels in the garments results in physically unencumbered flow of vapors and faster transport rates.
  • the transport of gaseous molecules through treated garments is actively facilitated by the treated fabric such that the chemical functionalities present in the treatment contribute to enhancing the transport rates through the garments. It is believed that the reduction of hydrogen bonding sites on the fibers as wells as the streamlining of channels acts in concert to accelerate the rate of vapor transport across the fabrics.
  • Table 6 above illustrates the breathability of fabric.
  • Two identical beakers containing an identical amount of water (100g) were fitted with 100% cotton swatches (one treated with the organosilane compound of the present invention and another untreated) and secured with a rubber band to cover the mouth of the breakers.
  • the weight of the water remaining in the beaker was measured to determine the amount of water vapor lost through the fabric swatches acting as permeable membrane.
  • the original amount of water is 100 g.
  • compositions of the present invention also may serve as a water and energy saving aid since the fabric, when treated with the organosilan ⁇ composition, will absorb less water during the washing process and dry more quickly.
  • the methods of the present invention results in a 15% reduction in drying time and therefore, yields 15% savings in time, energy and cost to the consumer.
  • Typical energy consumption of a dryer is about 2500 W/hr.
  • a 15% reduction for treated garments would correspond to 2125 W/hr (i.e. a savings of 375 W/hr).
  • Typical households do about 350 loads of laundry per year and that would correspond to energy savings of about 130 kW/hr per year.
  • typical dryer energy consumption cost is estimated to be about 45 cents per load.
  • a saving of 15% corresponds to saving of 7 cents per load.
  • total savings amounts to about $25 per year.
  • organosilicates are characterized by luminescence in UV region. This property of organosilicates imparts brightness to fabrics treated with the organosilicate formulation.
  • compositions of the present invention have been observed to appear brighter as compared to untreated fabrics or fabrics treated with other commercial conditioners available in the market These differences in fabric properties were visually observed.
  • a treatment with the composition of the present invention also makes whites appear whiter, and dark colors appear more saturated and darker.
  • Softness or fluffiness of fabrics is related to interactions between fibers in the fabrics. These interactions determine the mechanical properties such as elasticity, tensile strength and stiffness. The inter-fiber interactions are due to hydrogen binding interactions which hold the fibers together. A disruption of hydrogen bonding interactions upon treatment with the organosilicate based fabric conditioner formulation of the present invention causes the fibers to interact less wilh each other, thereby making the fabrics softer.
  • Fabrics treated with compositions of the present invention have been observed to exhibit softness as compared to untreated fabrics or fabrics treated with other commercial conditioners available in the market. These differences in fabric properties were observed by tactile feel of the fabrics. A treatment with formulations of the present invention makes fabrics smoother and more silk-like in their tactile feel.
  • New fabrics are typically coated with a coating; however, prolonged usage and normal fabric care depletes that coating and also makes the surface look "fuzzy", worn out, and faded due to the unraveling of fibrils in the fabrics.
  • the organosilicate formulations of the present invention act as a glue or binder and seals the surface fibrils to make the surface appear new. Fabrics look newer, whites appear whiter and dark colors appear more saturated, all giving the surface a smooth feel or silk-like texture.
  • Fabrics treated with formulations of the present invention have exhibited increased surface smoothness as compared to untreated fabrics or fabrics treated with other commercial conditioners available in the market. These differences in fabric properties were observed by tactile feel of the fabrics while visual attributes were visually observed. A treatment with compositions of the present invention makes fabrics look newer and more visually appealing.
  • Fabrics treated with formulations of the present invention have been observed to have substantially decreased odor development as compared to untreated fabrics or fabrics treated with other commercial conditioners available in the market. These differences in fabric properties were observed in a six month study on different garments, and the odor developed on the fabrics was monitored during their continuous use. During the study, the treated fabrics did not develop any perceptible odor even after several weeks of continuous use as compared to untreated fabrics that developed odor after one or two days of continuous use. Additionally, a treatment with formulations of the present invention makes fabrics resistant to development of mold and mildew in other damp fabrics such as towels.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
  • Materials Applied To Surfaces To Minimize Adherence Of Mist Or Water (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne l’utilisation d’organosilanes pour un traitement de surface semi-permanent pour des tissus, des textiles, et d’autres matières. La présente invention concerne une composition destinée à ce traitement, la composition comprenant un organosilane, un catalyseur, de l’eau, et un solvant. La présente invention concerne en outre des procédés d’amélioration de l’hydrophobie et d'attribution d’autres avantages à un substrat, les procédés comprenant la mise en contact du substrat avec une solution d’eau et une composition à base de silane, le retrait de l’excédent de solution du substrat, et le séchage du substrat.
PCT/US2009/034150 2008-02-14 2009-02-13 Procédés et compositions destinés à améliorer les propriétés de surface de tissus, de vêtements, de textiles et d’autres substrats Ceased WO2009103024A2 (fr)

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