WO2009128493A1 - 繊維シート - Google Patents

繊維シート Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009128493A1
WO2009128493A1 PCT/JP2009/057638 JP2009057638W WO2009128493A1 WO 2009128493 A1 WO2009128493 A1 WO 2009128493A1 JP 2009057638 W JP2009057638 W JP 2009057638W WO 2009128493 A1 WO2009128493 A1 WO 2009128493A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
nonwoven fabric
fiber sheet
fiber
fineness
denier
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/JP2009/057638
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
文夫 宮原
充範 斎藤
南生子 山口
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ohki Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Ohki Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ohki Co Ltd filed Critical Ohki Co Ltd
Priority to KR1020167008234A priority Critical patent/KR101858371B1/ko
Priority to CN2009801136059A priority patent/CN102006997A/zh
Priority to US12/866,936 priority patent/US20100330236A1/en
Priority to EP09733575.6A priority patent/EP2266791B1/en
Priority to JP2010508240A priority patent/JP5636959B2/ja
Priority to RU2010135034/05A priority patent/RU2493964C2/ru
Publication of WO2009128493A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009128493A1/ja
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Priority to US15/054,843 priority patent/US20160176172A1/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/06—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer characterised by a fibrous or filamentary layer mechanically connected, e.g. by needling to another layer, e.g. of fibres, of paper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/06—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the heating method
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/08—Filter cloth, i.e. woven, knitted or interlaced material
    • B01D39/083—Filter cloth, i.e. woven, knitted or interlaced material of organic material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
    • B01D39/16—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres
    • B01D39/1607—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous
    • B01D39/1623—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous of synthetic origin
    • B01D39/163—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous of synthetic origin sintered or bonded
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
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    • B65D65/00—Wrappers or flexible covers; Packaging materials of special type or form
    • B65D65/38—Packaging materials of special type or form
    • B65D65/46—Applications of disintegrable, dissolvable or edible materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
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    • B65D77/00—Packages formed by enclosing articles or materials in preformed containers, e.g. boxes, cartons, sacks or bags
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
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    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4374—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece using different kinds of webs, e.g. by layering webs
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2439/00—Containers; Receptacles
    • B32B2439/70—Food packaging
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24942—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
    • Y10T428/24992—Density or compression of components

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a fiber sheet suitable as a filter material for tea bags such as black tea and green tea.
  • Non-woven filter sheets in which a high melting point non-woven fabric layer and a low melting point non-woven fabric layer are laminated, and a nylon bag made of nylon yarn in a plain weave are used. ing. Nonwoven fabric filter sheets are less expensive than nylon baskets and are widely used. However, since the transparency is inferior, the user has a problem that it is difficult to understand the properties of tea leaves in tea bags.
  • Nylon coffee is suitable for high-quality tea because of its excellent transparency and high-quality material.
  • the production speed of nylon scissors is generally about 0.1 m / min with a width of 1.5 to 2 m, whereas the sheet made of nonwoven fabric is about 100 to 300 m / min with a width of 1 to 3 m. Remarkably slow and expensive.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a new fiber sheet that is excellent in transparency like a nylon bag and has a high-class feeling, and can increase productivity as in a non-woven filter sheet.
  • the present inventor obtains a fiber sheet having a texture of cocoons and superior transparency and breaking strength as compared with a conventional nonwoven fabric filter sheet when a specific nonwoven fabric is laminated on a cocoon whose fiber density is greatly reduced to a specific range. It has been found that this fiber sheet can realize significantly higher productivity than conventional cocoons.
  • the present invention is a fiber sheet in which a nonwoven fabric is laminated on a cocoon, and the cocoon has a warp fineness of 5 to 40 denier, a warp density of 40 to 100 yarns / inch, a weft fineness of 5 to 40 denier, and a weft density of 20 to 20
  • a fiber sheet satisfying 100 / inch wherein the nonwoven fabric is made of a melt blown nonwoven fabric, a spunbond nonwoven fabric or a carded nonwoven fabric having a fineness of 4.0 denier or less, and the basis weight of the fiber sheet is 7.5 to 20 g / m 2.
  • the filter material for tea bags which consists of this fiber sheet is provided.
  • the fiber sheet of the present invention has a high-class feeling due to the texture of the ridges formed from warps and wefts.
  • the fiber sheet of the present invention is superior in breaking strength as compared with the conventional non-woven filter sheet, and can increase the production rate as compared with the conventional nylon bag, and has a heat sealing property and an ultrasonic seal. Excellent characteristics. Therefore, according to the fiber sheet of the present invention, the productivity of tea bags can be improved.
  • the fiber sheet of the present invention is obtained by laminating a nonwoven fabric on a ridge.
  • the wrinkles include a warp fineness of 5 to 40 denier and a warp density of 40 to 100 yarns / fiber from the viewpoint of giving the fiber sheet of the present invention sheet strength necessary for a tea bag filter sheet material and desirable transparency.
  • An inch, a weft fineness of 5 to 40 denier, and a weft density of 20 to 100 / inch are used.
  • the fineness of the warp or weft is too thin, the knot cannot be woven, and the breaking strength required to make a tea bag cannot be obtained.
  • the warp density and the weft density may be increased. However, when these densities are increased, the transparency and productivity are lowered.
  • the fineness of the warp or weft is too thick, the fiber weight used for a sheet having the same warp density or weft density increases, which is contrary to the demand for reducing the material.
  • the warp and weft fineness is set to 5 to 40 denier, preferably 15 to 30 denier, so that the fiber sheet of the present invention has transparency and breakage necessary for making a bag into a tea bag. Gives strength.
  • the yarn density of the koji is too low, the knot texture will shift and powder leakage will easily occur when a tea bag is produced from the fiber sheet.
  • the yarn density is increased, it takes time to weave the knot and the production cost increases.
  • the weft density and the weaving speed of the reed are inversely proportional, it is preferable to lower the weft density as long as weaving is not a problem.
  • the warp density is 40 to 100 / inch
  • the weft density is 20 to 100 / inch
  • the warp density is 40 to 70 / inch
  • the weft density is 30 to 60 / inch.
  • the warp density and the weft density are equal, but the weft density greatly affects the production rate of the cocoon.
  • the weft density may be lower than the warp density as long as the machine suitability for the bag making and filling machine is not impaired.
  • polyester such as polyethylene terephthalate, polyolefin such as polypropylene and polyethylene, polylactic acid, aliphatic polyester type or aromatic polyester System biodegradable fibers and the like are suitable.
  • biodegradable fibers are suitable from the viewpoint of disposal after use, and in particular, they are excellent in processability, heat resistance, durability, etc. under normal use conditions, and are rapidly biodegraded by microorganisms after disposal. From the characteristics, aromatic polyester-based biodegradable fibers are more suitable.
  • the aromatic polyester-based biodegradable fiber has a repeating unit composed of terephthalic acid, sulfonic acid metal salt, aliphatic dicarboxylic acid, ethylene glycol and diethylene glycol, and the terephthalic acid in the acid component is about 50 mol% to About 90 mol%, about 0.2 mol% to about 6 mol% of the sulfonic acid metal salt, and about 4 mol% to about 49.8 mol% of the aliphatic dicarboxylic acid.
  • Aromatic polyester copolymers having 50 mol% to about 99.9 mol% and diethylene glycol of about 0.1 mol% to about 50 mol% can be mentioned, and are specifically available from DuPont. Such as Apexa (registered trademark).
  • Woven yarn for silkworms is monofilament, multifilaments made by twisting multiple filaments, fiber bundles bundled without twisting multiple filaments, and a core-sheath type consisting of a low melting point core and a high melting point sheath A composite yarn or the like can be used.
  • the core-sheath type composite yarn By using the core-sheath type composite yarn, the fibers can be firmly fixed to each other, so that meandering of the sheet when the fiber sheet is put on a bag making and filling machine can be prevented.
  • the time taken for weaving can be shortened by using a fiber bundle in which a plurality of filaments are bundled without twisting as a weft.
  • the melting point difference between the core and the sheath is preferably 20 ° C. or higher.
  • high melting point polylactic acid having a melting point of 200 to 250 ° C. is used for the core
  • low melting point polylactic acid having a melting point of 160 to 180 ° C. is used for the sheath
  • polyethylene terephthalate having a melting point of 250 to 270 ° C. is used for the core.
  • low melting point polyester having a melting point of 180 to 220 ° C. is used for the sheath portion
  • polypropylene having a melting point of 160 to 170 ° C.
  • the fibers can be fixed by heat.
  • the fibers can be fixed by hot air blowing after weaving, or by hot air when laminating a melt blown nonwoven fabric as a nonwoven fabric.
  • the non-woven fabric laminated with the ridges is a melt blown non-woven fabric, spunbond non-woven fabric or carded non-woven fabric having a fineness of 4.0 denier or less.
  • the fineness of the nonwoven fabric is preferably 3.0 denier or less, more preferably 2.0 denier or less, from the viewpoint of ensuring transparency and preventing powder leakage.
  • the form of a nonwoven fabric is preferably a melt-blown nonwoven fabric or a spunbonded nonwoven fabric because the nonwoven fabric can be formed and laminated simultaneously by directly discharging the constituent fibers of the nonwoven fabric onto the ridge.
  • the thickness of the nonwoven fabric is set to a thickness that can ensure transparency in the fiber sheet. It is difficult to prevent powder leakage in the above, but by making it 4.0 denier or less, the nonwoven fabric is formed in a thin thickness that can ensure transparency to the fiber sheet, and the fiber sheet is prevented from leaking. Can do.
  • the balance between ensuring the transparency of the fiber sheet and preventing powder leakage is more preferable when the fineness of the constituent fibers of the nonwoven fabric is set to 3.0 denier or less, and more preferable to 2.0 denier or less.
  • there is no minimum in particular about the fineness of the constituent fiber of a nonwoven fabric and acquisition will be easy if it is 0.1 denier or more.
  • the constituent fibers of the heel are present only in the portion of the weave, whereas the constituent fibers of the nonwoven fabric are uniformly present on the entire laminated surface
  • the heat-sealability of the fiber sheet is preferably imparted to a non-woven fabric from the viewpoint of obtaining uniform sealing strength.
  • the outer layer of the overlapping portion of the sheets has a high melting point and the inner layer has a low melting point. Therefore, it is preferable that the melting point of the constituent fibers of the non-woven fabric is lower than the melting point of the constituent fibers of the cocoons, and that the difference between the melting points of both is 40 ° C. or more.
  • the constituent fibers of the cocoons are drawn fibers, and the constituent fibers of the nonwoven fabric are made unstretched fibers.
  • the constituent fibers of the cocoons are drawn fibers, and the constituent fibers of the nonwoven fabric are made unstretched fibers.
  • the fibers exemplified as the constituent fibers of the above-described weaving yarn of the kite are used, but it is preferable to use those having affinity with the kite.
  • Preferred combinations of the cocoon constituent fiber and the non-woven fabric constituent fiber include, for example, an embodiment in which the heel is polyethylene terephthalate, the nonwoven fabric is a low-melting polyester, the heel is polypropylene, and the nonwoven fabric is an ethylene polypropylene copolymer or polyethylene,
  • the basis weight of the nonwoven fabric is preferably 0.5 g / m 2 or more from the viewpoint of preventing powder leakage of tea bags manufactured from fiber sheets, and preferably 5 g / m 2 or less from the viewpoint of transparency, and 1 to 3 g / m from both viewpoints. 2 is more preferable.
  • the basis weight of the fiber sheet of the present invention in which a nonwoven fabric is laminated on the ridge is preferably 7.5 to 20 g / m 2 from the viewpoints of productivity, prevention of powder leakage, and transparency.
  • the method for laminating cocoons and nonwoven fabrics is low in production rate of cocoons compared to the production rate of nonwoven fabrics, it is preferable to first produce cocoons and then laminate the cocoons and nonwoven fabrics. More specifically, the cocoon and the nonwoven fabric are laminated by spraying a molten fibrous resin on the cocoon produced in advance and fixed as it is. Or in order to raise the adhesive strength of a wrinkle and a nonwoven fabric, embossing or a calendar process is given after lamination
  • the candy and the nonwoven fabric are laminated and fixed as they are, they are made as tea bags and filled with the contents such as tea leaves, and then the contents stick to the fiber fluff on the nonwoven fabric surface. Although it may be damaged, calendering is preferable from the viewpoint of the beauty of the tea bag because fibers on the surface of the nonwoven fabric can be bonded to each other and fuzz can be suppressed.
  • the processing temperature in calendering is appropriately set according to the constituent fibers of the nonwoven fabric.
  • drawing or fiberizing is performed at about 300 ° C.
  • embossing or calendering is performed at about 140 to 200 ° C. for fixing the fiber after laminating on a ridge.
  • the fiber sheet of the present invention can be produced at a production rate of 2 to 10 times that of a nylon bag used as a conventional tea bag filter sheet.
  • the fiber sheet of the present invention has a breaking strength according to a JIS L1906 general long fiber nonwoven fabric test method, a tensile strength and elongation rate measurement method, 30 to 300 N / 50 mm in length, 20 to 300 N / 50 mm in width, preferably 100 to 100 in length.
  • Lt Lw ⁇ Lb (In the formula, Lb: reflectance of white light with a blackboard on the back side of the fiber sheet (%) Lw: White light reflectance (%) with a standard white plate on the back side of the fiber sheet
  • the transparency Lt calculated in (1) satisfies 60% or more, preferably 70% or more, and has both the breaking strength necessary for a tea bag filter sheet and desirable transparency. Therefore, even if the bag is put on a bag making and filling machine or the tag temporarily attached to the surface is peeled off, it does not break and the contents in the tea bag are easily visible.
  • the surface has uniform pore diameters of 50 to 300 ⁇ m, preferably 100 to 200 ⁇ m, water permeability is good, but tea leaf powder leakage does not occur and is suitable as an extraction filter for tea and the like. Become.
  • Example 1 Manufacture of a fiber sheet The fiber sheet by which the nonwoven fabric was laminated
  • Fiber material Core-sheath structure Core part Polyethylene terephthalate 50% Sheath Isophthalic acid copolymerized polyethylene terephthalate 50% Fiber density: 1.38 -Fineness: 25 denier-Warp density: 50 / inch, Weft density: 50 / inch
  • Non - woven fabric and fiber material Polyethylene terephthalate ⁇ Type: Melt blown nonwoven fabric ⁇ Fineness: 0.8 denier ⁇ Weight: 2 g / m 2
  • the basis weight of the obtained fiber sheet was 13 g / m 2 . In addition, it had a high-quality texture of wrinkles formed from warps and wefts.
  • Lt Lw ⁇ Lb (In the formula, Lb: reflectance of white light with a blackboard on the back side of the fiber sheet (%) Lw: White light reflectance (%) with a standard white plate on the back side of the fiber sheet
  • Pore size distribution The pore size distribution was measured with a pore size distribution measuring device by the bubble point method (JIS K 3832). As a result, the pore size distribution was 140 to 200 ⁇ m.
  • Example 2 Manufacture of a fiber sheet The fiber sheet by which the nonwoven fabric was laminated
  • Fiber material Polylactic acid monofilament ⁇ Fiber density: 1.24 -Fineness: 25 denier-Warp density: 50 / inch, Weft density: 45 / inch
  • Nonwoven fabric / fiber material Polylactic acid Type: Melt blown nonwoven fabric Fineness: 0.6 denier Per unit weight: 2 g / m 2
  • the basis weight of the obtained fiber sheet was 12 g / m 2 . In addition, it had a high-quality texture of wrinkles formed from warps and wefts.
  • Example 3 Manufacture of a fiber sheet The fiber sheet by which the nonwoven fabric was laminated
  • Aromatic polyester biodegradable fiber drawn fiber (Apexa manufactured by DuPont) Fiber specific gravity: 1.38 -Fineness: 30 denier-Warp density: 45 / inch, Weft density: 45 / inch
  • Nonwoven fabric / fiber material Aromatic polyester-based biodegradable fiber (undrawn fiber) (Appex manufactured by DuPont) ⁇ Type: Spunbond nonwoven fabric ⁇ Fineness: 3.0 denier ⁇ Weight: 3 g / m 2
  • the basis weight of the obtained fiber sheet was 15 g / m 2 . In addition, it had a high-quality texture of wrinkles formed from warps and wefts.
  • the fiber sheet of the present invention has sufficient strength to be applied to a bag making and filling machine, and can be applied to any known low-speed to high-speed heat-sealing type bag making and ultrasonic type bag making and filling machine.
  • bags having a rectangular shape, a pyramid shape, and other various shapes can be manufactured.
  • the eyes are fine, powdered tea leaves can be enclosed in a tea bag made from this fiber sheet.
  • the inside of the tea bag can be seen because of its high transparency. Therefore, the fiber sheet of the present invention is particularly useful as a filter for tea bags such as green tea and black tea.
  • the fiber sheet of the present invention is also useful as a filter material for coffee, bathing agents and the like.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Packages (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Wrappers (AREA)
  • Biological Depolymerization Polymers (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)

Abstract

　紗に不織布が積層されてなる繊維シートであって、紗が、経糸繊度５～４０デニール、経糸密度４０～１００本／インチ、緯糸繊度５～４０デニール、緯糸密度２０～１００本／インチを満たし、不織布が、繊度４．０デニール以下のメルトブロー不織布、スパンボンド不織布又はカーディング不織布からなり、繊維シートの目付が７．５～２０ｇ／ｍ2である。この繊維シートは、紗のように透明性、強度に優れていることに加え、粒子径が細かい内容物にも適し、かつ、高い生産性で得られる。

Description

繊維シート
　本発明は、紅茶、緑茶等のティーバッグのフィルター材料として好適な繊維シートに関する。
　従来、紅茶、緑茶等のティーバッグ等のフィルター材料としては、高融点不織布層と低融点不織布層を積層した不織布製フィルターシート（特許文献１）や、ナイロン糸を平織にしたナイロン紗が使用されている。不織布製フィルターシートはナイロン紗に比して安価であり、広く使用されているが、透明性が劣るため、ユーザーには、ティーバッグ内の茶葉の性状がわかりにくいという問題点がある。
　ナイロン紗は透明性に優れ、素材の高級感もあることから、高品質の茶に適している。しかしながら、ナイロン紗の生産速度は、一般的に１．５～２ｍ幅で０．１ｍ／分程度であり、不織布製のシートが１～３ｍ幅で１００～３００ｍ／分程度であるのに対して著しく遅く、その分コスト高になる。
実用新案登録第２５１３１５３号公報 特開２０００－１２８２３３号公報
　本発明は、ナイロン紗のように透明性に優れ、高級感を有しつつ、不織布製フィルターシートのように高い生産性をあげることのできる新たな繊維シートを提供することを目的とする。
　本発明者は、繊維密度を特定範囲に大きく低下させた紗に特定の不織布を積層すると、紗の風合いを有すると共に従前の不織布製フィルターシートよりも透明性と破断強度に優れた繊維シートを得ることができ、かつこの繊維シートは従前の紗に対して顕著に高い生産性を実現できることを見出した。
　即ち、本発明は、紗に不織布が積層されてなる繊維シートであって、紗が、経糸繊度５～４０デニール、経糸密度４０～１００本／インチ、緯糸繊度５～４０デニール、緯糸密度２０～１００本／インチを満たし、不織布が、繊度４．０デニール以下のメルトブロー不織布、スパンボンド不織布又はカーディング不織布からなり、繊維シートの目付が７．５～２０ｇ／ｍ2である繊維シートを提供し、また、この繊維シートからなるティーバッグ用フィルター材料を提供する。
　本発明の繊維シートは、経糸と緯糸から形成される紗の風合いにより高級感を有する。
　また、不織布製フィルターシートに比して高い透明性を有する。したがって、この繊維シートを用いて作製したティーバッグによれば、ティーバッグ内の茶葉の広がりを容易に観察することが可能となる。
　また、本発明の繊維シートは、従前の不織布製フィルターシートに比して破断強度に優れ、さらに、従前のナイロン紗に比して生産速度を高めることができ、かつ熱シール特性や超音波シール特性にも優れる。したがって、本発明の繊維シートによれば、ティーバッグの生産性を向上させることができる。
　以下、本発明を詳細に説明する。
　本発明の繊維シートは、紗に不織布が積層されたものである。ここで、紗としては、本発明の繊維シートに、ティーバッグ用フィルターシート材料として必要なシート強度と、望ましい透明性を付与する点から、経糸繊度５～４０デニール、経糸密度４０～１００本／インチ、緯糸繊度５～４０デニール、緯糸密度２０～１００本／インチを満たすものを使用する。
　経糸や緯糸の繊度が細すぎると紗を織ることができず、また、ティーバッグに製袋するために必要な破断強度も得られなくなる。紗の破断強度を向上させるためには経糸密度や緯糸密度を高めればよいが、これらの密度を高めると透明性や生産性が低下する。反対に、経糸や緯糸の繊度が太すぎると、同じ経糸密度あるいは緯糸密度のシートに対して使用する繊維重量が増え、資材の低減化の要請に反する。これに対し、本発明では、経糸及び緯糸の繊度を５～４０デニール、好ましくは１５～３０デニールとすることにより、本発明の繊維シートに透明性とティーバッグに製袋するために必要な破断強度を付与する。
　紗の糸密度は、低すぎると紗の織り目がずれ、繊維シートからティーバッグを製造した場合に粉漏れが生じやすくなる。粉漏れをなくすには、紗に不織布を厚く積層することが考えられるが、不織布を厚く積層すると透明性が低下する。反対に、糸密度を高くすると紗を織るのに時間がかかり、生産コストが上昇する。特に、緯糸密度と紗の織りの速度は反比例するため、緯糸密度は織り目のずれ等が問題にならない限り低くすることが好ましい。これに対し、本発明では、経糸密度を４０～１００本／インチ、緯糸密度を２０～１００本／インチ、好ましくは経糸密度を４０～７０本／インチ、緯糸密度を３０～６０本／インチとすることにより、繊維シートから製造したティーバッグにおいて粉漏れを解消し、かつ従来よりも透明性や生産性を大きく向上させることを可能とする。より具体的には、１００～２００ｍｍ幅の紗の生産速度を従前の紗の抽出シートよりも速い０．１～０．５ｍ／分にすることができる。
　なお、繊維シートからティーバッグを製造する製袋充填機に対する繊維シートの機械適性の点からは、経糸密度と緯糸密度は等しくすることが好ましいが、緯糸密度が紗の生産速度に大きく影響することから、製袋充填機への機械適性が損なわれない限り緯糸密度を経糸密度に対して低くしても良い。
　紗の織り糸の構成繊維としては、一般的な織物用の長繊維を使用することができるが、変色しにくく、不用な溶出物が生じない点、及びティーバッグに製袋する際のヒートシール適性に優れている点、織りがずれないように熱で繊維同士を定着させることが容易な点から、ポリエチレンテレフタレート等のポリエステル、ポリプロピレン、ポリエチレン等のポリオレフィン、ポリ乳酸又は脂肪族ポリエステル系若しくは芳香族ポリエステル系生分解性繊維等が好適である。
　さらに、使用後の廃棄処理の点から生分解性繊維が好適であり、中でも、通常の使用状況では加工性、耐熱性及び耐久性等に優れ、廃棄処理後は微生物により速やかに生分解される特性から、芳香族ポリエステル系生分解性繊維がより好適である。例えば、芳香族ポリエステル系生分解性繊維としては、テレフタル酸、スルホン酸金属塩、脂肪族ジカルボン酸、エチレングリコール及びジエチレングリコールから成る繰り返し単位を有し、酸成分中、テレフタル酸が約５０モル％～約９０モル％、スルホン酸金属塩が約０．２モル％～約６モル％、及び脂肪族ジカルボン酸が約４モル％～約４９．８モル％であり、グリコール成分中、エチレングリコールが約５０モル％～約９９．９モル％、及びジエチレングリコールが約０．１モル％～約５０モル％である芳香族ポリエステル共重合体等があげられ、具体的には、デュポン(株)より入手可能なアペクサ(Ａｐｅｘａ)(登録商標)等があげられる。
　紗の織り糸には、モノフィラメント、複数本のフィラメントを撚ったマルチフィラメント、複数本のフィラメントを撚らずに束ねた繊維束、低融点の芯部と高融点の鞘部とからなる芯鞘型複合糸等を使用することができる。芯鞘型複合糸の使用により、繊維同士を強固に定着させることができるので、繊維シートを製袋充填機に掛けた場合のシートの蛇行を防止することができる。また、複数本のフィラメントを撚らずに束ねた繊維束を緯糸として使用することにより、織りにかかる時間を短縮することができる。
　芯鞘型複合糸を使用する場合、芯部と鞘部との融点差を２０℃以上とすることが好ましい。例えば、融点２００～２５０℃の高融点ポリ乳酸を芯部に使用し、融点１６０～１８０℃の低融点ポリ乳酸を鞘部に使用したり、融点２５０～２７０℃のポリエチレンテレフタレートを芯部に使用し、融点１８０～２２０℃の低融点ポリエステルを鞘部に使用したり、融点１６０～１７０℃のポリプロピレンを芯部に使用し、融点１３５～１４５℃のエチレンプロピレン共重合体あるいは融点１２０～１４０℃のポリエチレンを鞘部に使用したりすることにより、繊維同士を熱により定着させることができる。なお、繊維同士の定着は、織り上がり後に熱風の吹き付けによって行う他、不織布としてメルトブロー不織布を積層する際の熱風でも行うことができる。
　一方、紗と積層する不織布は、繊度４．０デニール以下のメルトブロー不織布、スパンボンド不織布又はカーディング不織布とする。中でも、不織布の繊度は、透明性の確保と粉漏れ防止の観点から、３．０デニール以下が好ましく、２．０デニール以下がより好ましい。また、不織布の形態は、不織布の構成繊維を紗の上に直接吐出することにより不織布の形成と紗との積層を同時に行える点から、メルトブロー不織布、スパンボンド不織布が好ましい。
　また、不織布の構成繊維の繊度が４．０デニールよりも大きいと、不織布を上述の紗と積層するにあたり、不織布の厚さを、繊維シートに透明性を確保できる厚さにすると、その繊維シートにおいて粉漏れを防止することが困難となるが、４．０デニール以下とすることにより、不織布を、繊維シートに透明性を確保できる薄さに形成し、かつ繊維シートの粉漏れを防止することができる。この繊維シートの透明性の確保と粉漏れ防止のバランスは、不織布の構成繊維の繊度を３．０デニール以下とするとより好適となり、２．０デニール以下とするとさらに好適となる。なお、不織布の構成繊維の繊度について、下限は特になく、０．１デニール以上であれば入手が容易である。
　紗と不織布とを積層した本発明の繊維シートの表面において、紗の構成繊維はその織り目の部分のみに存在するのに対し、不織布の構成繊維は積層面の全体に均一に存在することから、繊維シートのヒートシール性は不織布にもたせることが均一なシール強度を得る点で好ましい。また、ヒートシールにより繊維シートを製袋する場合、シートの重ね合わせ部分の外側の層を高融点、内側の層を低融点とすることが必要である。そこで、不織布の構成繊維の融点を、紗の構成繊維の融点よりも低くし、双方の融点差を４０℃以上とすることが好ましい。
　紗の構成繊維と不織布の構成繊維との間に融点差を設ける手段としては、融点が異なる繊維素材を用いる他に、紗の構成繊維を延伸繊維とし、不織布の構成繊維を未延伸繊維とすることにより、繊維の結晶性の違いにより融点差を設けることなどがあげられる。
　不織布の構成繊維の種類は、前述の紗の織り糸の構成繊維として例示された繊維を使用するが、紗と親和性のあるものを使用するのが好適である。
　紗の構成繊維と不織布の構成繊維の好ましい組み合わせとしては、例えば、紗をポリエチレンテレフタレートとし、不織布を低融点ポリエステルとする態様、紗をポリプロピレンとし、不織布をエチレンポリプロピレン共重合体又はポリエチレンとする態様、紗をポリ乳酸とし、不織布をポリ乳酸又はコハク酸系生分解樹脂とする態様、紗を芳香族ポリエステル系生分解性繊維（延伸）とし、不織布を芳香族ポリエステル系生分解性繊維（未延伸又は半延伸）とする態様等をあげることができる。
　不織布の目付は、繊維シートから製造したティーバッグの粉漏れ防止の点から０．５ｇ／ｍ2以上が、透明性の観点から５ｇ／ｍ2以下が好ましく、双方の観点から１～３ｇ／ｍ2がより好ましい。
　また、紗に不織布を積層した本発明の繊維シートの目付は、生産性、粉漏れ防止及び透明性の観点から７．５～２０ｇ／ｍ2が好ましい。
　これにより、この繊維シートから製造したティーバッグに茶葉の粉末を充填した場合にも、粉漏れがなく、かつティーバッグ内の茶葉の状態を視認することが可能となる。
　紗と不織布との積層方法は、紗の生産速度が不織布の生産速度に比して低いため、まず、紗を製造し、その後、紗と不織布とを積層することが好ましい。より具体的には、予め製造した紗の上に溶融した繊維状樹脂を吹きつけることにより紗と不織布を積層し、そのまま定着させる。あるいは、紗と不織布の接着強度をより高めるため、紗と不織布の積層後にエンボス加工あるいはカレンダー加工を施す。紗と不織布を積層後そのまま定着させた場合には、ティーバッグとして製袋し、茶葉等の内容物を充填した後に、その内容物が不織布表面の繊維の毛羽に貼り付き、ティーバッグの美観が損なわれることがあるが、カレンダー加工を施すと、不織布表面の繊維同士を接着させ、毛羽立ちを抑制できるので、ティーバッグの美観の点から好ましい。
　なお、カレンダー加工における処理温度は不織布の構成繊維に応じて適宜設定する。例えば、低融点ポリエチレンテレフタレートの場合、延伸ないし繊維化を約３００℃で行い、その繊維を紗の上に積層後定着させるためのエンボス加工やカレンダー加工を約１４０～２００℃で行う。
　こうして、本発明の繊維シートは、従前のティーバッグ用フィルターシートとして使用されているナイロン紗に対して２～１０倍の生産速度で製造することができる。
　本発明の繊維シートは、ＪＩＳ　Ｌ１９０６一般長繊維不織布試験方法、引張強さ及び伸び率の測定法による破断強度を、縦３０～３００Ｎ／５０ｍｍ、横２０～３００Ｎ／５０ｍｍ、好ましくは、縦１００～３００Ｎ／５０ｍｍ、横５０～３００Ｎ／５０ｍｍを満たし、かつ、次式、
Ｌt＝Ｌw－Ｌb
（式中、Ｌb：繊維シートの裏側に黒板をおいたものの白色光の反射率（％）
　　　　Ｌw：繊維シートの裏側に標準白色板をおいたものの白色光の反射率（％）　）
で算出される透明度Ｌtが６０％以上、好ましくは７０％以上を満たすものとなり、ティーバッグ用フィルターシートとして必要な破断強度と望ましい透明性を兼ね備えたものとなる。したがって、製袋充填機に掛けたり、表面に仮貼着したタグを剥がしたりしても、破断することがなく、また、ティーバッグ内の内容物が視認し易いものとなる。
　また、表面に孔径５０～３００μｍ、好ましくは孔径１００～２００μｍの孔を均一に有するので、通水性は良好であるが、茶葉の粉漏れ等生じず、茶等の抽出用フィルターとして好適なものとなる。
　実施例１
（１）繊維シートの製造
　以下の仕様で紗の上に不織布が積層されている繊維シートを製造した。
紗
　・繊維素材：芯鞘構造
　　　　　　芯部　ポリエチレンテレフタレート５０％
　　　　　　鞘部　イソフタル酸共重合ポリエチレンテレフタレート５０％
　・繊維密度：１．３８
　・繊度：２５デニール
　・経糸密度：５０本／インチ、　緯糸密度：５０本／インチ
不織布
　・繊維素材：ポリエチレンテレフタレート
　・種類：メルトブロー不織布
　・繊度：０．８デニール
　・目付：２ｇ／ｍ2
（２）評価
　得られた繊維シートの目付は１３ｇ／ｍ2であった。また、経糸と緯糸から形成される紗の高級な風合いを有していた。
　次に、この繊維シートの(a)破断強度、(b)透明度、(c)孔径分布を下記のようにして測定した。
(a)破断強度
　ＪＩＳ　Ｌ１９０６一般長繊維不織布試験方法、引張強さ及び伸び率の測定法にしたがって測定した。その結果、縦８０Ｎ／５０ｍｍ、横８０Ｎ／５０ｍｍであった。
(b)透明度
　繊維シートの裏面に黒板を置いた場合と標準白色板を置いた場合のそれぞれについて、反射率をマクベス分光光度計（CE-3000、サカタインクス製）を測定し、次式により透明度Ｌtを求めた。
　Ｌt＝Ｌw－Ｌb
（式中、Ｌb：繊維シートの裏側に黒板をおいたものの白色光の反射率（％）
　　　　Ｌw：繊維シートの裏側に標準白色板をおいたものの白色光の反射率（％）　）
　その結果、透明度は８２％であった。
(c)孔径分布
　バブルポイント法(JIS K 3832) による細孔径分布測定器により測定した。その結果、１４０～２００μｍに孔径分布を有していた。
　実施例２
（１）繊維シートの製造
　以下の仕様で紗の上に不織布が積層されている繊維シートを製造した。
紗
　・繊維素材：ポリ乳酸モノフィラメント
　・繊維密度：１．２４
　・繊度：２５デニール
　・経糸密度：５０本／インチ、　緯糸密度：４５本／インチ
不織布
　・繊維素材：ポリ乳酸
　・種類：メルトブロー不織布
　・繊度：０．６デニール
　・目付：２ｇ／ｍ2
（２）評価
　得られた繊維シートの目付は１２ｇ／ｍ2であった。また、経糸と緯糸から形成される紗の高級な風合いを有していた。
　実施例１と同様に繊維シートの(a)破断強度、(b)透明度、(c)孔径分布を測定したところ次の結果が得られた。
(a)破断強度　縦６５Ｎ／５０ｍｍ、横６０Ｎ／５０ｍｍ
(b)透明度　８５％
(c)孔径分布　１８０～２２０μｍ
　実施例３
（１）繊維シートの製造
　以下の仕様で紗の上に不織布が積層されている繊維シートを製造した。
紗
　・繊維素材：芳香族ポリエステル系生分解性繊維(延伸繊維)(デュポン(株)製アペクサ)
　・繊維比重：１．３８
　・繊度：３０デニール
　・経糸密度：４５本／インチ、　緯糸密度：４５本／インチ
不織布
　・繊維素材：芳香族ポリエステル系生分解性繊維(未延伸繊維)(デュポン(株)製アペクサ)
　・種類：スパンボンド不織布
　・繊度：３．０デニール
　・目付：３ｇ／ｍ2
（２）評価
　得られた繊維シートの目付は１５ｇ／ｍ2であった。また、経糸と緯糸から形成される紗の高級な風合いを有していた。
　実施例１と同様に繊維シートの(a)破断強度、(b)透明度、(c)孔径分布を測定したところ次の結果が得られた。
(a)破断強度　縦７０Ｎ／５０ｍｍ、横７０Ｎ／５０ｍｍ
(b)透明度　７９％
(c)孔径分布　１６０～２５０μｍ
　比較例１
　ポリエチレンテレフタレートからなるスパンボンド不織布（目付１２ｇ/ｍ2、繊度２デニール）の(a)破断強度、(b)透明度、(c)孔径分布を実施例１と同様に測定したところ、次の結果が得られた。
(a)破断強度　縦３０Ｎ／５０ｍｍ、横１３Ｎ／５０ｍｍ
(b)透明度　５７％
(c)孔径分布　１００～４５０μｍ
　比較例２
　ポリプロピレン、ポリエチレン芯鞘複合繊維からなる乾式サーマルボンド不織布（目付１２ｇ/ｍ2、繊度２デニール）の(a)破断強度、(b)透明度、(c)孔径分布を実施例１と同様に測定したところ、次の結果が得られた。
(a)破断強度　縦５０Ｎ／１５ｍｍ、横１８Ｎ／１５ｍｍ
(b)透明度　５２％
(c)孔径分布　２５０～６００μｍ
　以上の実施例１，２，３及び比較例１，２から、紗と不織布が積層されている本発明の繊維シートによれば、不織布のみからなるシートと同様の目付にした場合に、不織布のみからなるシートに比して破断強度も透明度も向上させることができ、かつ孔径も均一であることがわかる。
　本発明の繊維シートは、製袋充填機にかけるのに十分な強度を有し、公知の低速乃至高速の任意の熱シール型製袋充填機や超音波型製袋充填機にかけることができ、それにより、矩形、ピラミッド型、その他種々の形状のバッグを製造することができる。また、目が細かいため、この繊維シートから製造したティーバッグには粉末の茶葉を封入することができる。さらに、透明性が高いためティーバッグ内が見える。したがって、本発明の繊維シートは、緑茶、紅茶等のティーバッグ用フィルターとして特に有用となる。また、本発明の繊維シートは、だし、コーヒー、入浴剤等のフィルター材料としても有用である。

Claims (7)

  1. 　紗に不織布が積層されてなる繊維シートであって、
    紗が、経糸繊度５～４０デニール、経糸密度４０～１００本／インチ、緯糸繊度５～４０デニール、緯糸密度２０～１００本／インチを満たし、
    不織布が、繊度４．０デニール以下のメルトブロー不織布、スパンボンド不織布又はカーディング不織布からなり、
    繊維シートの目付が７．５～２０ｇ／ｍ2である繊維シート。
  2. 　不織布の目付が５ｇ／ｍ2以下、繊維シートの目付が７．５～２０ｇ／ｍ2である請求項１記載の繊維シート。
  3. 　不織布の構成繊維の融点が、紗の構成繊維の融点よりも低い請求項１又は２記載の繊維シート。
  4. 　次式、
    Ｌt＝Ｌw－Ｌb
    （式中、Ｌb：繊維シートの裏側に黒板をおいたものの白色光の反射率（％）
    　　　　Ｌw：繊維シートの裏側に標準白色板をおいたものの白色光の反射率（％）　）
    で算出される透明度Ｌtが６０％以上である請求項１～３のいずれかに記載の繊維シート。
  5. 　紗がポリ乳酸又は脂肪族若しくは芳香族ポリエステル系生分解性繊維からなり、不織布がポリ乳酸、コハク酸系生分解性繊維又は芳香族ポリエステル系生分解性繊維からなる請求項１～４のいずれかに記載の繊維シート。
  6. 　紗が、芯部と鞘部がそれぞれポリ乳酸から形成された芯鞘型複合糸からなり、芯部のポリ乳酸の融点が鞘部のポリ乳酸の融点に対して２０℃以上高い請求項１～５いずれかに記載の繊維シート。
  7. 　請求項１～６のいずれかに記載の繊維シートからなるティーバッグ用フィルター材料。
PCT/JP2009/057638 2008-04-18 2009-04-16 繊維シート Ceased WO2009128493A1 (ja)

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KR1020167008234A KR101858371B1 (ko) 2008-04-18 2009-04-16 섬유 시트
CN2009801136059A CN102006997A (zh) 2008-04-18 2009-04-16 纤维片材
US12/866,936 US20100330236A1 (en) 2008-04-18 2009-04-16 Fiber sheet
EP09733575.6A EP2266791B1 (en) 2008-04-18 2009-04-16 Fibrous sheet
JP2010508240A JP5636959B2 (ja) 2008-04-18 2009-04-16 繊維シート
RU2010135034/05A RU2493964C2 (ru) 2008-04-18 2009-04-16 Волокнистый листовой материал
US15/054,843 US20160176172A1 (en) 2008-04-18 2016-02-26 Fiber sheet

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EP2266791A4 (en) 2013-02-20
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