WO2009135238A2 - Photovoltaik-modul - Google Patents
Photovoltaik-modul Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2009135238A2 WO2009135238A2 PCT/AT2009/000183 AT2009000183W WO2009135238A2 WO 2009135238 A2 WO2009135238 A2 WO 2009135238A2 AT 2009000183 W AT2009000183 W AT 2009000183W WO 2009135238 A2 WO2009135238 A2 WO 2009135238A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- heat
- photovoltaic module
- solar cells
- layer
- module according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F77/95—Circuit arrangements
- H10F77/953—Circuit arrangements for devices having potential barriers
- H10F77/955—Circuit arrangements for devices having potential barriers for photovoltaic devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S30/00—Structural details of PV modules other than those related to light conversion
- H02S30/10—Frame structures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/40—Thermal components
- H02S40/42—Cooling means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/40—Thermal components
- H02S40/42—Cooling means
- H02S40/425—Cooling means using a gaseous or a liquid coolant, e.g. air flow ventilation, water circulation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F19/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one photovoltaic cell covered by group H10F10/00, e.g. photovoltaic modules
- H10F19/80—Encapsulations or containers for integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, having photovoltaic cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F19/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one photovoltaic cell covered by group H10F10/00, e.g. photovoltaic modules
- H10F19/80—Encapsulations or containers for integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, having photovoltaic cells
- H10F19/85—Protective back sheets
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
Definitions
- the invention relates to a photovoltaic module with a layer of solar cells, at least one arranged on the solar side of the solar cell front side, substantially transparent layer and a connection to a power grid.
- the invention relates to a method for producing a photovoltaic module, in which at least one substantially transparent layer is arranged on the solar-side front side of solar cells.
- Photovoltaic modules with which electric power is obtained from solar radiation energy are known per se from the prior art.
- Such photovoltaic modules comprise a layer of solar cells (hereinafter referred to as solar cells, in particular photovoltaic cells) and a transparent film arranged on the solar side of the solar cells, e.g. EVA film (embedding film) and a transparent safety glass arranged on the film.
- EVA film embedding film
- TETLAR film e.g., TETLAR film
- the field of application of photovoltaic modules entails that they heat up due to solar radiation.
- the disadvantage of this is that the heating has a negative effect on the electrical power of the photovoltaic cell. This effect is expressed as a negative temperature coefficient and is at the
- the invention is based on the object to provide a photovoltaic module and a method for producing a photovoltaic module available, with which the power% of photovoltaic modules is increased.
- Photovoltaic module which has the features of claim 1.
- the layer structure has continuous heat-conducting property. Thermal energy is dissipated over the entire layer structure and the temperature in the photovoltaic cells is reduced by means of a continuous thermally conductive layer structure arranged on the back of the solar cells and on the solar cells, so that the negative effect of the heating of the photovoltaic cells, expressed as a negative temperature coefficient is reduced to the production of electrical energy.
- the electrical performance of photovoltaic modules is increased.
- the two physical quantities namely thermal and electrical energy
- at least one heat-conducting layer is electrically insulating. If only a single heat-conducting layer is provided on the rear side of the solar cells, then this layer is chosen to be electrically insulating in such a way that penetration of a specific voltage is effectively prevented. If a layer construction consisting of at least two layers is provided on the rear side of the solar cells, then either all layers or only some of the layers or even just one layer can act in such an electrically insulating manner that a predetermined dielectric strength is achieved.
- a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention the features of which may alternatively or additionally be used in other embodiments, may be represented as follows:
- a first heat-conducting layer made of a heat-conducting adhesive and / or a heat-conducting film and / or a thermal compound is then arranged directly on the rear side of the solar cells.
- the last heat-conducting layer is formed by a stable heat conductor, preferably an aluminum sheet, since the stable heat conductor, in particular the aluminum sheet, is in itself electrically conductive and therefore can not prevent voltage breakdown, the dielectric strength by the first layer and / or This is achieved by causing the first layer to have a voltage rating that is still to be quantified and, in addition, by anodizing the surface of the stable heat conductor facing the back of the solar cells, with a layer of thermally conductive sealing being arranged on the anodized surface.
- the operation of the photovoltaic module can be made directly or indirectly to the mains voltage. It depends on this operating mode whether the at least one heat-conducting layer must be electrically insulating in the high-voltage or low-voltage range. In the latter case (indirect operation, dielectric strength in the low voltage range) is according to the invention provided that the photovoltaic module is galvanically isolated from the mains voltage of the mains.
- the photovoltaic module is electrically isolated from the mains voltage of the power supply by means of a DC / DC converter.
- a dielectric strength of 2.5 kV must be guaranteed.
- the electrical insulation strength for this dielectric strength would result in an electrically insulating layer with a certain thickness, the thermal dissipation via this layer being correspondingly greatly reduced.
- An advantage of the galvanic isolation with the DC / DC converter is now that the voltage stability to be ensured is reduced, whereby the electrically insulating layer can be made as thin as possible. This in turn has the advantage that the dissipation of thermal energy over the layer structure is more efficient.
- the power of the photovoltaic module is increased by dissipating the heat, which also at the same time the solar heat that would otherwise accumulate in the photovoltaic module, is available.
- at least one heat-conducting layer is associated with a device for transferring and removing the heat, so that the heat is transferred to a cooling medium, such as e.g. Air, water, or other cooling media is transferred.
- a cooling medium such as e.g. Air, water, or other cooling media is transferred.
- the device for transmitting and removing the heat is coupled to a cooling circuit of a heat pump.
- the connection to at least one power distributor and / or at least one current conductor and / or at least one current consumer is understood as being connected to a power supply network.
- the photovoltaic modules can also directly charge batteries (e.g., for electric cars).
- the necessary control algorithms for outputting a constant voltage are contained in the photovoltaic module or DC / DC converter.
- the performance comparison principle is used. This means that the output power of the modules in the solar irradiation maximum are continuously compared with each other. Remote monitoring and remote maintenance of the photovoltaic modules is also possible.
- FIGS. 3 and 4 show schematic views of installations with a plurality of photovoltaic modules according to the invention.
- 7 shows a framing of the photovoltaic module according to the invention in a perspective view
- FIG. 8 shows a partial sectional view of a framed photovoltaic module according to the invention
- FIGS. 9 to 11 for Fig. 2 alternative variants in the layer structure of a photovoltaic module according to the invention.
- a layer structure of a photovoltaic module P is shown.
- This structure comprises a layer of solar cells 1, which are fertigverlötet and / or glued and connected in series.
- a transparent layer 2 is provided as a highly transparent, solid or elastic material, which is introduced by a special method between the solar cells 1 and a highly transparent safety glass 3.
- the transparent layer 2 can be formed from EVA film, epoxy resin, acrylates or polyurethane. It is important that the material of which the transparent layer 2 is formed is thermosetting or curing under UV light.
- the layer 26 is an optionally coated, profiled plastic part with reflective or mirror-reflecting properties, which is arranged in the intermediate space between the solar cells 1. When sunrays impinge on this layer 26, these are due to the profiling at an angle (preferably not equal to 90 ° to - D -
- more than one transparent layer 2 of one of the abovementioned materials, with or without the reflective or mirror-reflecting plastic part, can also be provided between the glass pane 3 and the solar cells 1.
- FIG. 2 shows a detail of the layer construction of the photovoltaic module, in which the layer of solar cells 1 directly adjoins a first layer of thermal compound 5.
- the last layer is formed by the aluminum sheet 4, wherein the facing to the back of the solar cell 1 facing surface of the aluminum sheet 4 is anodized.
- the surface of the aluminum sheet 4 is hard-anodized, whereby a barrier layer 6 of aluminum oxide is formed whose surface structure is characterized by so-called anodizing pores (shown in FIG. 2 in the shape of a comb).
- the surface of the barrier layer 6 is provided with a layer of a heat-conductive seal 7. This method substantially improves the thermal conductivity of the hard anodizing layer 6.
- thermal conductivity and electrical insulation are solved in this embodiment by dividing the withstand voltage.
- barrier layer 6 hard anodization layer
- an electrical insulation of 30 V / ⁇ m is obtained, whereas the layer of the thermal compound 5 which is applied to the sealed anodized layer 6 has a breakdown strength corresponding to the standard.
- the solar cells 1 are connected to the thermal grease 5 in a vacuum process.
- the solar cells 1 are not, as known from the prior art, aligned on the glass sheet 3 but on the aluminum sheet 4 as a thermal arrester and fixed with the thermal paste 5 or a heat conducting foil or a thermal paste.
- Alignment is achieved by cutouts 8 on the aluminum sheet.
- Cell connectors which are soldered and / or glued to the back of the solar cells 1 are accommodated therein.
- the plant shown in FIG. 3 comprises embodiments of photovoltaic modules P according to the invention with direct operation at the mains voltage.
- a high dielectric strength is required, which can be realized with the layer structure described in FIGS. 1 and 2.
- the aluminum sheet is hard-anodized in order to achieve an electrical voltage strength of about 1,000 V (1 um anodized corresponds to about 30 V).
- the layer of the thermal compound 5 has a dielectric strength of at least 2.5000 V. The Harteloxal and the subsequent to the back of the solar cell 1 varnishleitmaterial reaches the predetermined dielectric strength.
- the feeding of the current generated by the photovoltaic module P can be carried out in a manner known per se, it is only mentioned that the current is conducted through electrical lines 9 via a monitoring unit 10 to a separation point 11 and via a network feed unit 12 with a boost generator 13, an inverter 14 and filters 15 (sinusoidal filter, line filter) is supplied to the power grid.
- connection sockets 16 can be installed with surge protection.
- the system shown is equipped with a lightning rod 17. The self-monitoring of the photovoltaic modules P leads to the best possible reliability of the system.
- the plant shown in FIG. 4 comprises embodiments of photovoltaic modules P according to the invention with indirect operation at the mains voltage.
- This technique also uses the galvanic isolation of the mains voltage (connection socket 16 and expander 13 with galvanic isolation) by means of a DC / DC converter 24.
- the nominal voltage of the photovoltaic modules P is approx. 18 Vdc.
- the required voltage resistance to the network is achieved by means of galvanic isolation.
- the aluminum sheet 4 "standard” can be anodized. On the one hand, this serves as corrosion protection and on the other hand, this layer is sufficient to achieve the necessary dielectric strength, which is why the adhesive technology ö - lower requirements than in the embodiment described for Fig. 3 are provided.
- a noteworthy advantage is that a short to ground in the module is unproblematic due to the galvanic isolation. Due to the galvanic isolation, a voltage isolation during the electrical installation, but also in case of power failure or an accident is possible. As long as there is no bus connection between the photovoltaic modules P and a master unit and inverter 14, a safe electrical installation of the photovoltaic system can be ensured.
- Each photovoltaic module can be assigned a regulator, in particular a so-called MaximumPowerPoint (MPP) controller, so that these photovoltaic modules are always set to maximum output power for solar radiation.
- MPP MaximumPowerPoint
- FIG. 5 shows a device for transferring and discharging the heat derived from the solar cells 1 to a cooling medium.
- a cooling liquid such as water
- 4 cooling tubes 17 are mounted on the back of the aluminum sheet, enter the low-temperature coolant through a supply line 18 and exit at an elevated temperature through a wake 19 again.
- the cooling tubes are adhesively bonded to the aluminum sheet with thermal adhesive in order to allow the best possible heat transfer.
- the cooling tubes can be secured in the region of their bending by mounting bracket 20.
- a liquid cooling of the photovoltaic module P an infrastructure is necessary, for example, the connection to a heat pump or a water cycle for heat dissipation. If it is not possible to erect or integrate the liquid cooling, air cooling can be used, as shown in FIG. Here, on the back of the aluminum sheet 4 cooling fins 21 are mounted for the passage of air, which can be glued to the aluminum sheet with thermal adhesive. The increase in performance of the air-cooled embodiment is about 10%.
- a thin frame 22 made of Niroblech can be seen, which receives a photovoltaic module P and laterally, the edge regions _
- the frame 22 is welded at its four corners and glued to the photovoltaic module P with a layer 23 of wear-resistant and weather-resistant adhesive.
- Figs. 9 to 11 are sections of other possible layer structures of the photovoltaic module can be seen.
- the variant shown in FIG. 9 has no anodized layer 6.
- the stable heat conductor 4 which may be in this variant, an aluminum or copper sheet, two layers are provided, wherein a layer of a thermal compound 5 or another thermally conductive, possibly non-hardening material is formed.
- the other, likewise heat-conductive layer 25 acts electrically insulating and provides the necessary dielectric strength.
- the layer structure shown in Fig. '10 substantially corresponds to the layer structure of Fig. 2, with the difference that between the thermal compound 5 (this layer may also be formed from other heat conductive, possibly non-hardening material) and the heat-conducting seal 7 the Eloxal Mrs 6 another layer 25 is seconded, which acts electrically insulating and provides the necessary dielectric strength.
- the layer structure shown in FIG. 11 substantially corresponds to the layer structure of FIG. 2, with the difference that the heat-conducting seal 7 of the anodized layer 6 is arranged directly on the rear side of the solar cells.
- this layer structure only a low dielectric strength can be ensured, which is why this layer structure is only used when the photovoltaic modules are galvanically isolated from the mains voltage of the power grid.
- a photovoltaic module P has a layer of solar cells 1, at least one substantially transparent layer 2, 3 and one arranged on the solar side of the solar cells 1 _ I 0 -
Landscapes
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
- Roof Covering Using Slabs Or Stiff Sheets (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE112009001019T DE112009001019A5 (de) | 2008-05-05 | 2009-05-04 | Photovoltaik-Modul |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ATA707/2008 | 2008-05-05 | ||
| AT0070708A AT506684A1 (de) | 2008-05-05 | 2008-05-05 | Photovoltaik-modul |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2009135238A2 true WO2009135238A2 (de) | 2009-11-12 |
| WO2009135238A3 WO2009135238A3 (de) | 2010-10-21 |
Family
ID=41259926
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/AT2009/000183 Ceased WO2009135238A2 (de) | 2008-05-05 | 2009-05-04 | Photovoltaik-modul |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AT (2) | AT506684A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE112009001019A5 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2009135238A2 (de) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2011157648A2 (de) | 2010-06-14 | 2011-12-22 | Mario Paul Stojec | Photovoltaik-modul |
| DE102010051565A1 (de) | 2010-11-18 | 2012-05-24 | Solar Real Contact Gmbh | Elektrische Anlage zur Erhöhung der Arbeitsleistung einer Photovoltaikzelle |
| WO2012072058A1 (de) | 2010-08-20 | 2012-06-07 | Solar Real Contact Gmbh | Anlage zur erzeugung elektrischer energie aus sonnenenergie |
| WO2011063803A3 (de) * | 2009-11-27 | 2012-06-07 | Mueller Ingo | Modulschalter, solarmodul, solarkabel, sammelschiene sowie gerät |
| WO2013071315A3 (en) * | 2011-11-12 | 2014-02-20 | Samuels Davian A | Solar energy collectors and methods for capturing solar energy |
| DE102015012405A1 (de) | 2015-09-24 | 2017-03-30 | Roland Hammer | Nanoröhrenthermogenerator-Phasenwechselspeicher NRTHGPWS |
| DE102023129865A1 (de) | 2023-10-30 | 2025-04-30 | Audi Aktiengesellschaft | Solarzellenmodul für ein Kraftfahrzeug und Kraftfahrzeug |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2013209813A (ja) * | 2012-03-30 | 2013-10-10 | Lixil Corp | 軸受金具の取付構造及び内倒し兼用内開き窓 |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4323270A1 (de) * | 1993-07-12 | 1995-01-19 | Thermo Solar Energietech Gmbh | Hybrid-Sonnenkollektor |
| ES2277788B2 (es) * | 2006-01-04 | 2008-06-16 | Universidad De Sevilla | Modulo fotovoltaico refrigerador pasivo y autoportante. |
-
2008
- 2008-05-05 AT AT0070708A patent/AT506684A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2008-05-21 AT AT0081308A patent/AT506676B1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2009
- 2009-05-04 WO PCT/AT2009/000183 patent/WO2009135238A2/de not_active Ceased
- 2009-05-04 DE DE112009001019T patent/DE112009001019A5/de not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2011063803A3 (de) * | 2009-11-27 | 2012-06-07 | Mueller Ingo | Modulschalter, solarmodul, solarkabel, sammelschiene sowie gerät |
| WO2011157648A2 (de) | 2010-06-14 | 2011-12-22 | Mario Paul Stojec | Photovoltaik-modul |
| WO2011157648A3 (de) * | 2010-06-14 | 2012-04-26 | Mario Paul Stojec | Photovoltaik-modul |
| DE212011100108U1 (de) | 2010-06-14 | 2013-04-09 | Mario Paul Stojec | Photovoltaik-Modul |
| WO2012072058A1 (de) | 2010-08-20 | 2012-06-07 | Solar Real Contact Gmbh | Anlage zur erzeugung elektrischer energie aus sonnenenergie |
| DE102010051565A1 (de) | 2010-11-18 | 2012-05-24 | Solar Real Contact Gmbh | Elektrische Anlage zur Erhöhung der Arbeitsleistung einer Photovoltaikzelle |
| WO2013071315A3 (en) * | 2011-11-12 | 2014-02-20 | Samuels Davian A | Solar energy collectors and methods for capturing solar energy |
| DE102015012405A1 (de) | 2015-09-24 | 2017-03-30 | Roland Hammer | Nanoröhrenthermogenerator-Phasenwechselspeicher NRTHGPWS |
| WO2017050308A1 (de) | 2015-09-24 | 2017-03-30 | Hammer, Roland | Nanoröhrenthermogenerator-phasenwechselspeicher nrthgpws |
| DE102023129865A1 (de) | 2023-10-30 | 2025-04-30 | Audi Aktiengesellschaft | Solarzellenmodul für ein Kraftfahrzeug und Kraftfahrzeug |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE112009001019A5 (de) | 2011-03-31 |
| AT506676A1 (de) | 2009-11-15 |
| AT506684A1 (de) | 2009-11-15 |
| WO2009135238A3 (de) | 2010-10-21 |
| AT506676B1 (de) | 2010-01-15 |
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