WO2009145643A1 - Appareil de détection de fluide - Google Patents

Appareil de détection de fluide Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009145643A1
WO2009145643A1 PCT/NZ2009/000086 NZ2009000086W WO2009145643A1 WO 2009145643 A1 WO2009145643 A1 WO 2009145643A1 NZ 2009000086 W NZ2009000086 W NZ 2009000086W WO 2009145643 A1 WO2009145643 A1 WO 2009145643A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
transducer
milk
fluid
signal
property
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/NZ2009/000086
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English (en)
Inventor
Allan Walter Wilson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sensortec Ltd
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Sensortec Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sensortec Ltd filed Critical Sensortec Ltd
Publication of WO2009145643A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009145643A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
    • G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01J—MANUFACTURE OF DAIRY PRODUCTS
    • A01J5/00—Milking machines or devices
    • A01J5/013—On-site detection of mastitis in milk
    • A01J5/0135—On-site detection of mastitis in milk by using light, e.g. light absorption or light transmission
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/02—Food
    • G01N33/04—Dairy products

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method and apparatus for sensing fluids.
  • the present invention concerns the detection of particles within a fluid. While fluid flow in most embodiments of the present invention will be a liquid, it is possible that the present invention can also relate to particulate matter in which it is desirable to detect the presence of larger particles. It is envisaged that in most cases however, the present invention will relate to the detection of solids within a liquid.
  • Mastitis is a significant problem to be managed by any dairy industry.
  • the udder infections which cause mastitis result in significant loss of income to dairy farmers through the degradation of milk quality, in addition to adding costs for identifying, isolating and treating dairy animals with mastitis.
  • Clinical mastitis can be identified through the presence of solid clumps, clots or flocculant masses present in the milk produced by an animal. Such clots are readily apparent to the naked eye if mastitic milk is run over a dark smooth surface. However, it is not practical for dairy farmers to strip milk from every udder section of every dairy animal in their herd to detect mastitis problems.
  • milking equipment includes a filter element, generally known as "milk sock", mounted inside a common collection line prior to this line being connected to a milk collection vat or tank.
  • the milk sock consists of a filter or straining element which catches solid contaminants, such as grass, dirt or mastitic clots within milk delivered by all animals currently being milked.
  • mastitic milk clots within or on the milk sock will therefore indicate to a dairy farmer that at least one of their herd has a mastitis problem.
  • the dairy farmer will need to in turn inspect each and every animal in their herd to identify which animal has mastitis.
  • milk is such a highly turbid medium. That is it is full of protein micelles and fat globules.
  • the dairy shed has vibration, dust, dirt, high pressure water, cows kicking etc.
  • Delicate systems that may be able to detect clots cannot work reliable in this environment.
  • a mastitis determination method and apparatus which addressed any or all of the above problems.
  • a mastitis detection method and apparatus which could automatically indicate the presence of a mastitis problem in a single animal
  • a fluid sensing apparatus configured to indicate the presence of a discrete anomaly in a fluid flow, said apparatus including:
  • At least one transducer positioned relative to a fluid flow
  • the transducer configured to receive a signal which varies with respect to a property of the fluid flowing in the presence of the transducer
  • a property detection element configured to receive at least one transducer signal
  • an indicator element configured to indicate the presence of a discrete anomaly if a change is detected in fluid flow property varies significantly with respect to the quiescent state of the transducer signal.
  • the discrete anomaly may be any body or contaminant which is desired to measure in the fluid flow.
  • the anomaly may be undissolved additives, grape seeds, grape skin, sand and so forth.
  • the anomaly may alternatively be of lower density or colour than the fluid surrounding it, for example, entrained air bubbles.
  • the anomaly is a milk clot.
  • the fluid may be any flowing matter and could include gas, liquid, and particulate masses such as sand or powder.
  • the fluid may be of the same general composition as the anomaly it is desired to detect.
  • the fluid is milk with the mass being milk clots.
  • this should not be seen as limiting as the present invention could be used to determine unwanted contaminants within a fluid flow which have quite a different composition to that fluid.
  • the present invention when applied to milk flow, it could be used to determine the presence of masses other than milk clots or indicator of mastitic milk.
  • transducer and/or property detection elements may vary according to the property being detected.
  • transducer and property detection element are the same component.
  • the property of the milk that is being measured is optical in nature.
  • the property being measured may be the absorption or transmission of light in a particular frequency.
  • a photo diode may be used as the transducer with the photo diode operating in the near infrared range (NIR).
  • NIR near infrared range
  • light at the other end of the spectrum say blue visible light may be used.
  • optical properties there is a significant advantage to using optical properties as this is a non-invasive way for determining fluid property in comparison to other methods.
  • the transducer may be looking at another change of property or density, for example mass density or conductivity. With air bubbles, there will be a decrease in density.
  • quiescent state of the transducer signal refers to the normal background signal received by the transducer in the absence of any masses desired to be detected.
  • the milk composition varies considerably during the process of milking with different ratios of fat, water, and protein. However, these variations occur over a period of seconds (or even minutes) during the process of milking. These variations do not represent an event such as a mass (say a mastitic clot) passing a transducer. Such an event leads to a significant change in the signal received from the quiescent signal in terms of the frequency of the event detected and the size or amplitude of the signal.
  • the signal must be differentiated to distinguish from normal variations in fluid composition passing the transducer (quiescent state) so as to recognise the presence of a mass flowing past the transducer.
  • the present invention is adapted to provide a methodology and also preferably an apparatus used to determine the presence of mastitic milk in a milk flow.
  • the present invention may be adapted for installation or use within milking equipment to detect such mastitis problems in real time in relation to a single identified dairy animal.
  • one embodiment of the present invention may be used with respect to a holding tank which has been adapted to cause fluid flow past a transducer configured to operate in accordance with the present invention.
  • the present invention may be implemented through a mastitis determination apparatus which includes at least one transducer.
  • a transducer or transducers may be located within or adjacent to a milk flow to allow the milk flow to influence the operation of the transducer's signal.
  • the transducer selected may produce a signal which varies with respect to the optical properties of milk flowing past the transducer.
  • the present invention may be employed in conjunction with such flows to monitor the milk flow at the point at which a transducer or transducers are employed.
  • the present invention is employed in conjunction with dynamic milk flows to ensure that the transducer signal will vary so that a rate of change can be determined or a high frequency transducer signal component may be isolated.
  • the dynamic nature of the milk flow provides a characteristic required for the present invention to function effectively.
  • a transducer as used in conjunction with the present invention may operate through receiving a reference signal transmitted through the milk flow which has been modified by the characteristics of the milk flow.
  • the transducer or transducers provided need not necessarily extend out to any conduit which carries the milk flow, therefore preventing the present invention from impeding milk flows.
  • the ability to measure non-invasively in food industry systems such as milking machines is of significant advantage - both in terms of efficiency and hygiene.
  • the present invention may include at least one optical transducer configured to receive a beam of light transmitted across a milk flow.
  • Optical transducers can be used to measure the absorbance of light transmitted through a milk flow, where the absorbance measured is directly related to the composition of the milk flow.
  • an optical transducer such as a photodiode can receive an incident light beam and subsequently provide an electrical signal which varies in relation to the composition of the milk flow.
  • the transducer or transducers employed may provide a signal which varies with respect to the composition of the milk currently in the presence of the transducer.
  • the clots or masses to be detected in conjunction with the present invention are more optically dense than a normal flow of milk - leading to greater absorption of the signal.
  • transducer used in conjunction with the present invention being provided by a photodiode or any other similar form of optical transducer.
  • transducer assemblies or systems may also be employed in conjunction with the present invention, and reference to the above only throughout this specification should in no way be seen as limiting.
  • a transducer may be provided through a voltage divider circuit with the centre tap between the divider resistances providing an output transducer signal voltage.
  • the resistances of the divider can be located within a milk flow so that mastitic milk clots which collide with the upstream resistance modify the overall balance of resistances within the divider.
  • Any incident milk clot will therefore cause a change in voltage at the centre tap of the divider, in turn giving a transducer signal which varies in accordance with the overall density of the milk flow.
  • Reference in general throughout this specification will also be made to the transducer or transducers used having signals which vary with respect to the composition of milk in the presence of the transducer.
  • a transducer may be provided through a capacitive plate arrangement with the plates of the capacitor formed being located on either side of a conduit used to carry the milk flow.
  • the capacitance of such an arrangement may be measured, with variations present in same being attributed to the varying density of the milk flow.
  • the mastitis determination apparatus also includes an optical detection element which receives the transducer signal.
  • an optical detection element which receives the transducer signal.
  • Such a density detection element may be employed to detect changes in the optical characteristics of the milk flow.
  • an optical detection element may be configured to assess the rate of change of a transducer signal. As transducer signals are selected so as to vary with the optical characteristics of the milk flow, a sudden change in such signals can indicate that at least one or potentially more mastitic milk clots have flowed passed the transducer.
  • a signal indicating the presence of a mass may be differentiated from the quiescent signal through the use of a high pass filter.
  • a high pass filter can remove signals which vary over a long period of time (for example as a result of generic change in milk composition) while detecting signals that represent a significant change in composition over a short period of time (say a mass).
  • the frequency of the high pass filter will naturally vary according to the flow rate of fluid past the transducer, the nature of the quiescent signal and the composition of the mass (whether optical, size or shape) desired to be detected. However, in a typical milking system the flow rate of milk past the transducer is expected to be in the order of 1 to 1.5 meters per second. Given the nature of mastitic clot flows, a high pass filter frequency of 20 Hz is sufficient to allow for a signal corresponding to mastitic masses to pass as opposed to the background (quiescent) signal.
  • an optical detection element may use the transducer signals to provide an integer count of the number of mastitic masses which have flowed past the transducer over a measurement period.
  • a density detection element may be implemented through a comparator circuit which drives or triggers a counter component.
  • a comparator may be readily assembled using well known electrical components to compare received transducer signals with a quiescent signal in real time.
  • An associated digital counter may be provided in a further preferred embodiment which is triggered by a comparator. Such a counter can maintain and increment a count of mastitic masses detected over a fixed or known measurement period. The count provided can give an indication as to the severity of any mastitis problem through to determining the rate at which mastitic clots are detected.
  • the density detection element may be configured to assess or isolate at least one high frequency signal component from a transducer signal. Such high frequency signal components are indicative of elevated rates of change in the transducer signal. By isolating such high frequency components the density detection element may readily determine whether the rate of change of a transducer signal exceeds the quiescent signal.
  • the electrical transducer signal it supplies may be filtered to investigate the amplitude of any high frequency signal components. If such signal components exceeds a quiescent signal value (say amplitude), then a determination can be made that a mastitic clot is in the vicinity of the transducer.
  • a quiescent signal value say amplitude
  • the mastitis determination apparatus may also include an indicator element configured to indicate the presence of mastitic milk.
  • an indicator element may be activated once changes in the composition of the milk flow have been detected at a level high enough to assume that at least one mastitic milk clot has flowed passed the transducer.
  • an indicator element may be triggered when a set number of mastitic milk clots have been detected within a fixed period of time.
  • this clot count rate may be varied depending on the applications in which the present invention is used to detect either severe or early stage clinical mastitis.
  • the present invention may be associated with a sampling chamber well located within the conduit in which the milk flow travels.
  • a sampling chamber well located within the conduit in which the milk flow travels.
  • a well may be provided through the technology disclosed in New Zealand Patent No. 519133 which can allow for the settling or dispersal of entrained air from milk. Entrained air bubbles can cause false positive readings through periodically and rapidly changing the current density of a milk flow.
  • the error producing effects of entrain air may be mitigated.
  • Further differentiation may be employed in the present invention to remove the effect of air bubbles. This may be in addition to or instead of using a sampling system as described above.
  • the air bubbles tend to appear at a substantially constant rate according to a normalised curve.
  • the inventor has found that the count rate of bubbles above a certain threshold is less per minute than that found for mastitic milk. Therefore, if a count is found in a certain range, then that can be attributed to air bubbles. Counts significantly above that range can therefore be attributed to mastitic milk instead.
  • the air bubbles may be specifically detected in some applications of the present invention.
  • the present invention may provide many potential advantages over the prior art clinical mastitis detection systems.
  • the present invention may be used to indicate that the presence of clinical mastitis has been determined in conjunction with a single dairy animal. Such an indication may be used in a range of applications ranging from diverting the milk produced by the animal away from a common collection vat, through to directing the animal involved to a holding area or pen for subsequent veterinarian treatment.
  • the invention may be used to activate an audible or visual alarm system which alerts a dairy farmer to the detection of mastitis in relation to a particular animal.
  • an audible or visual alarm system which alerts a dairy farmer to the detection of mastitis in relation to a particular animal.
  • Those skilled in the art should appreciate that the indications of mastitis provided by the invention may be used in a range of applications.
  • the invention may readily detect the presence of mastitic milk clots through considering the current density of a milk flow. By detecting that the density of such flows has sharply increased at a point in time, this can indicate the presence of a clot. Furthermore, by tracking the rate or number of clots which are detected over a fixed measurement time, an assessment can be made as to the severity of the clinical mastitis problem of a single dairy animal.
  • the present invention also offers many advantages in relation to the generic sensing of anomalies within a fluid flow.
  • the present invention has advantages with regard to single and two phase fluid flow which often has air entrained in liquid. Contaminants can be readily sensed without interrupting the flow of fluid, not only that there is contamination but also the amount of contamination can be readily detected as well.
  • Various control systems can be implemented as a consequence whether an alarm or diversion of the contaminated fluid.
  • Figure 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of portions of an optically based mastitis determination apparatus provided in accordance with a preferred embodiment
  • Figures 2a, 2b illustrate an electrical transducer based mastitis determination apparatus provided in accordance with an alternative embodiment.
  • Figure 3 illustrates graphical results for clots in water
  • Figure 4 illustrates graphical results for non clotty milk (Blue and green) and clotty milk (black) run through sensor.
  • Figure 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of portions of an optically based mastitis determination apparatus provided in accordance with a preferred embodiment.
  • the apparatus shown includes a transducer, which is provided in this embodiment by a photodiode (1).
  • the photodiode (1) is configured to receive a modulated light signal transmitted from LED (2). Light from the LED (2) is transmitted across a conduit carrying a milk flow to the photodiode (1).
  • the LED (2) is driven or powered by a 35 kHz oscillator signal which applies a modulation to the light transmitted.
  • the output of the photodiode (1) is fed through to a current to voltage conversion amplifier (4) which converts the current pulses of the diode into a proportional voltage signal.
  • This voltage signal is supplied to a 35 kHz band pass filter used to remove the effect of ambient light in the signal received by the photodiode (1).
  • a diode (6) and low pass filter (7) are then provided to demodulate the signal, providing a DC voltage proportional to the amount of light transmitted through the milk flow.
  • a high pass filter removes the DC offset component from the signal resulting in a high frequency signal component only which is directly indicative of the detection of rapid changes in density of the milk flow.
  • This high frequency signal component can in turn be further filtered by a low pass filter (5) to remove any additional noise components prior to supply to a further comparator and counter element (not shown).
  • Figures 2a, 2b illustrate an electrical transducer based mastitis determination apparatus provided in accordance with an alternative embodiment.
  • figure 2a illustrates conditions where a voltage divider transducer does not have a clot present and when a clot is present.
  • the transducer output signal provided by the centre tap is expected to sit at half the input voltage as the two resistors are balanced.
  • Figure 2b illustrates elements of a optical detection element provided when the electrical impedance transducer discussed with respect to figure 2a is used.
  • the voltage divider circuit is driven by a 30 kHz oscillator.
  • the centre tap of the divider provides the output transducer signal which is in turn demodulated.
  • a high pass filter is provided to amplify the changes made, and then a low pass filter is provided to smooth out any noise effects.
  • the final output signal provided consists of an indication of the high frequency components of the signal showing when rapid changes in density of the milk flow have been detected.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates results from running real milk through the sensor in the laboratory.
  • the x axis is again time, and the y axis clot count.
  • the lines at the bottom of the graph are clean and clot free milk.
  • the upper line is clotty milk run through the sensor.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
  • Measuring Volume Flow (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé de détermination de la présence d’une anomalie discrète dans le fluide, caractérisé par les étapes consistant à a) provoquer le passage du fluide à travers un transducteur, et b) recevoir au moins un signal du transducteur qui varie en fonction d’une propriété du fluide en présence du transducteur, c) déterminer un état passif du signal du transducteur, et d) indiquer la présence d’une anomalie particulière discrète si le signal du transducteur varie sensiblement par rapport à l’état passif. Cette application particulière détecte la présence de lait mastitique mais peut également s’appliquer à la détection de contaminants d’autres systèmes fluides.
PCT/NZ2009/000086 2008-05-29 2009-05-26 Appareil de détection de fluide Ceased WO2009145643A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NZ56874408A NZ568744A (en) 2008-05-29 2008-05-29 Fluid Sensing apparatus
NZ568744 2008-05-29

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2009145643A1 true WO2009145643A1 (fr) 2009-12-03

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WO (1) WO2009145643A1 (fr)

Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3676647A (en) * 1969-12-04 1972-07-11 Procedyne Corp Particle analyzing apparatus and method
US4385590A (en) * 1981-12-11 1983-05-31 Bruce Mortensen Apparatus for on-site detection of mastitis in milk animals
US5365559A (en) * 1992-01-30 1994-11-15 Hitachi, Ltd. Particle counting apparatus for a total counting of particles contained in a liquid sample
WO1999022219A1 (fr) * 1997-10-28 1999-05-06 Particle Measuring Systems, Inc. Systeme de mesure des particules dans une cavite pour le fluide et procedes associes
US6064480A (en) * 1998-02-27 2000-05-16 Csi Technology, Inc. Method of optical particle counting for water mixed lubricant
JP2001004523A (ja) * 1999-06-23 2001-01-12 Agency Of Ind Science & Technol 液中粒子計測装置およびその方法
US6197538B1 (en) * 1998-11-12 2001-03-06 Maasland N.V. A Dutch Company Method of establishing the presence of specific substances in milk and an implement for applying same
WO2001019170A1 (fr) * 1999-09-15 2001-03-22 Delaval Holding Ab Dispositif de traite automatique d'animaux
US6315955B1 (en) * 1995-04-06 2001-11-13 Delaval International A.B. Method and apparatus for quantitative particle determination in fluids
US6731100B1 (en) * 1997-05-05 2004-05-04 Chemometec A/S Method and a system for determination of somatic cells in milk
WO2006045759A1 (fr) * 2004-10-26 2006-05-04 Agnet, Mathieu Procede et dispositif de controle en ligne de l'etat sanitaire de la mamelle des femelles laitieres et/ou de l'etat sanitaire du lait qui en est issu.
US20070195324A1 (en) * 2005-09-19 2007-08-23 Jmar Technologies, Inc. Systems and methods for detecting radiation, biotoxin, chemical, and biological warfare agents using a multiple angle light scattering (MALS) instrument

Patent Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3676647A (en) * 1969-12-04 1972-07-11 Procedyne Corp Particle analyzing apparatus and method
US4385590A (en) * 1981-12-11 1983-05-31 Bruce Mortensen Apparatus for on-site detection of mastitis in milk animals
US5365559A (en) * 1992-01-30 1994-11-15 Hitachi, Ltd. Particle counting apparatus for a total counting of particles contained in a liquid sample
US6315955B1 (en) * 1995-04-06 2001-11-13 Delaval International A.B. Method and apparatus for quantitative particle determination in fluids
US6731100B1 (en) * 1997-05-05 2004-05-04 Chemometec A/S Method and a system for determination of somatic cells in milk
WO1999022219A1 (fr) * 1997-10-28 1999-05-06 Particle Measuring Systems, Inc. Systeme de mesure des particules dans une cavite pour le fluide et procedes associes
US6064480A (en) * 1998-02-27 2000-05-16 Csi Technology, Inc. Method of optical particle counting for water mixed lubricant
US6197538B1 (en) * 1998-11-12 2001-03-06 Maasland N.V. A Dutch Company Method of establishing the presence of specific substances in milk and an implement for applying same
JP2001004523A (ja) * 1999-06-23 2001-01-12 Agency Of Ind Science & Technol 液中粒子計測装置およびその方法
WO2001019170A1 (fr) * 1999-09-15 2001-03-22 Delaval Holding Ab Dispositif de traite automatique d'animaux
WO2006045759A1 (fr) * 2004-10-26 2006-05-04 Agnet, Mathieu Procede et dispositif de controle en ligne de l'etat sanitaire de la mamelle des femelles laitieres et/ou de l'etat sanitaire du lait qui en est issu.
US20070195324A1 (en) * 2005-09-19 2007-08-23 Jmar Technologies, Inc. Systems and methods for detecting radiation, biotoxin, chemical, and biological warfare agents using a multiple angle light scattering (MALS) instrument

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