WO2009153187A2 - Dispositif pour une éolienne ou une centrale hydroélectrique permettant de produire de l'énergie électrique - Google Patents

Dispositif pour une éolienne ou une centrale hydroélectrique permettant de produire de l'énergie électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009153187A2
WO2009153187A2 PCT/EP2009/057067 EP2009057067W WO2009153187A2 WO 2009153187 A2 WO2009153187 A2 WO 2009153187A2 EP 2009057067 W EP2009057067 W EP 2009057067W WO 2009153187 A2 WO2009153187 A2 WO 2009153187A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
rotor
stator
coil
poles
magnetic flux
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2009/057067
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
WO2009153187A3 (fr
Inventor
Günter RIES
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG, Siemens Corp filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of WO2009153187A2 publication Critical patent/WO2009153187A2/fr
Publication of WO2009153187A3 publication Critical patent/WO2009153187A3/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K19/00—Synchronous motors or generators
    • H02K19/16—Synchronous generators
    • H02K19/18—Synchronous generators having windings each turn of which co-operates only with poles of one polarity, e.g. homopolar generators
    • H02K19/20—Synchronous generators having windings each turn of which co-operates only with poles of one polarity, e.g. homopolar generators with variable-reluctance soft-iron rotors without winding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06—Rotors
    • F03D1/065—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • F03D1/0658—Arrangements for fixing wind-engaging parts to a hub
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
    • H02K7/1807—Rotary generators
    • H02K7/1823—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines
    • H02K7/183—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines wherein the turbine is a wind turbine
    • H02K7/1838—Generators mounted in a nacelle or similar structure of a horizontal axis wind turbine
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
    • H02K7/1807—Rotary generators
    • H02K7/1823—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
    • H02K7/1807—Rotary generators
    • H02K7/1823—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines
    • H02K7/183—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines wherein the turbine is a wind turbine
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a generator, in particular a homopolar generator, for a device for generating electrical energy.
  • the generator is in particular part of a wind or hydroelectric power plant.
  • the impeller of a large wind turbine usually rotates at less than one revolution per second.
  • the impeller is coupled to a gearbox which drives a conventional synchronous or asynchronous generator at high speed.
  • the connection to a power supply network can be made directly or via frequency converter.
  • double-fed asynchronous generators are used in which the rotor is fed via slip rings from a frequency converter.
  • An alternative is to couple the synchronous generator directly to the impeller and equip the generator with a rotor of such a high number of poles that a frequency corresponding to the mains frequency can be provided. In this case, he can feed directly into the grid.
  • High-pole direct-drive wind generators with permanently excited rotors are realized.
  • a disadvantage of direct network connection is that the reactive power demand of the network can not be adjusted via a variable excitation of the rotor. This can be detrimental to grid stability, especially in offshore wind farms.
  • Direct-drive generators with grid connection via frequency inverters are also known.
  • US Pat. No. 7,049,724 B2 describes an electric machine or a generator with a disk-shaped rotor and a disk-shaped stator, in which a superconducting coil mechanically decoupled from the rotor is used.
  • the coil generates a magnetic flux which is conducted by means of poles of the rotor in the axial direction through the stator.
  • the disadvantage of this machine is that it reacts very vulnerable to axial forces. This vulnerability increases with increasing rotor diameter. It is therefore necessary to set correspondingly large tolerances, for example for the air gap between the poles of the rotor and the stator, whereby the efficiency of the machine is worse.
  • a mag- netic flux ⁇ generated by an exciter coil varies in amplitude between a minimum and a maximum value, but its direction does not reverse, so that its polarity remains constant.
  • the rotor of a homopolar machine has neither windings nor sliding contacts. The excitation coil is mechanically decoupled from the rotor completely and does not rotate with the rotor.
  • the homopolar machine is therefore particularly suitable for applications in which an electrical machine to work with a superconducting exciter coil, since the cooling of the excitation coil is much easier to handle than mitmit Schlierender coil.
  • a homopolar machine is very simple and robust and can generally be used as a motor or as a generator.
  • Energy comprises a generator, which is advantageously designed as a homopolar generator.
  • This includes a fixed annular stator with stator winding, a rotatable annular rotor of ferromagnetic material such as iron and a fixed annular excitation coil, wherein the stator and the exciting coil are arranged in the radial direction between a first and a second rotor portion.
  • a magnetic flux ⁇ generated by the excitation coil is conducted by the rotor and passes through the stator in the radial direction, perpendicular to the stator winding.
  • Both rotor sections have a plurality of poles which are radially aligned with the stator and guide the magnetic flux ⁇ . Between the poles of a rotor section are interpolar spaces. The poles of the two rotor sections lie opposite each other in the radial direction, the same applies to the pole interspaces.
  • the magnetic flux between opposing poles is considerably greater than between opposing pole gaps, so that the magnetic flux ⁇ is dependent on the location when the rotor is stationary in the circumferential direction of the rotor.
  • the magnetic flux ⁇ varies at a certain location in the circumferential direction of the rotor, i. For example, in the region of a certain portion of the stator winding, as a function of time, so that in the stator winding, a voltage is induced.
  • the excitation coil is fixed, ie not co-rotated, it can be advantageously designed as a superconducting coil, in particular as a high-temperature superconductor (HTSC). This affects the fact that the excitation coil causes no excitation power, so that the efficiency increases.
  • HTSC high-temperature superconductor
  • the system works with a fixed, known number of revolutions of the rotor, i. in the case of a wind turbine with a fixed number of revolutions of the impeller.
  • a certain number of poles dependent on the number of revolutions of the rotor is provided, so that the generator always provides the correct frequency.
  • Frequency converters are therefore not necessary, a gear is superfluous.
  • a variation of the excitation current can also cover the changing reactive power demand of the network to be supplied.
  • slip rings can be completely dispensed with.
  • the generator can be used, for example, in wind or hydroelectric plants, wherein the rotor of the generator is coupled directly to the impeller.
  • Figure 1 shows a wind turbine in back
  • FIG. 2 shows a detail of a longitudinal section through the rotor and stator
  • Figure 3 shows a detail of a cross section through parts of the generator
  • Figure 4 is a plan view of a stator winding in a schematic view.
  • FIG. 1 shows a wind turbine 10 in a rear view and a cross-sectional view with a device according to the invention, which includes a directly driven generator 20 for generating electrical energy.
  • the wind turbine 10 includes in the illustrated embodiment, an impeller 30 with three wings 31, wherein more or less wings can be provided.
  • the impeller 30 is fixedly connected to a rotor 40 of the generator 20, so that when the rotor 40 is rotated together with the blades 31 and the impeller 30 in rotation.
  • the rotor 40 is mounted for this purpose with its axis of rotation 50 in suitable bearings 60 which are housed in a housing 70.
  • a fastening device 71 which includes a stator 80 (not shown in FIG. 1) of the generator 20.
  • the stator 80 is disposed concentrically with the rotor 40 and secured to the housing 70 via the fastener 71, i. non-rotatably connected. Furthermore, a cryocooler 90 for cooling is provided for an exciting coil 100 concentric with the rotor 40 and the stator 80 (not shown in FIG. 1) of the generator 20. The entire construction is mounted on a mast 110.
  • Figure 2 shows a longitudinal section u.a. through the rotor 40 and the stator 80 in detail.
  • the attachment of the impeller 30 on the rotor 40 is not shown, but is done in a known per se such that the wind-driven wings 31 set the rotor 40 via the impeller 30 in rotation.
  • the generator 20 is designed as a homopolar generator.
  • the rotor 40 of the generator 20 comprises three rotor sections 41, 42, 43 and has an approximately U-shaped profile. Of the first 41 and the second rotor portion 42 are arranged spaced apart in the radial direction, wherein the radially outer first 41 and the radially inner second rotor portion 42 form the U-legs of the profile, while the third rotor portion 43, the sections 41, 42 connects.
  • the profile of the rotor 40 is shaped like a lying U, ie the U-legs are oriented in the axial or in the z-direction.
  • the stationary excitation coil 100 is arranged in the region of the third rotor section 43. Specifically, because the exciter coil 100 is fixed, it is convenient to use a superconducting exciter coil 100 because cooling is much easier to accomplish than with a co-rotating coil.
  • the excitation coil 100 is preferably a high-temperature superconductor. It is located in a cryostat 101 and is maintained at operating temperature by a cooling line 102.
  • the cooling line 102 is supplied by the cryocooler 90 shown in FIG.
  • the cooling can be done, for example, indirectly with liquid neon or hydrogen in a thermosyphone.
  • the superconducting exciting coil 100 can be operated with DC and caused in
  • annular excitation coil with a
  • Normal conductor such as a copper or aluminum conductor are operated at ambient temperature. Although this requires exciter power, it remains well below the power requirement for the rotor of a high-poled conventional synchronous machine. The efficiency of Homopolarmaschine is correspondingly higher. Eventually, such a normal conductor coil must, for example, be forcibly cooled with air via a fan or with a water circuit.
  • the exciting coil 100 generates a magnetic flux ⁇ , which is guided by the rotor 40 and the rotor sections 41, 42, 43, as symbolized by the arrows.
  • first 44 and second poles 45 are formed in the radial direction for guiding the magnetic flux ⁇ , which protrude in the radial direction from the rotor sections 41, 42.
  • first pole intermediate space 46 or a second pole gap 47.
  • the poles 44, 45 extend in the axial direction preferably over the entire region, which is determined by the depth of the stator, that is, by its extent in the axial direction.
  • first and second poles 44, 45 form a pole pair 48.
  • the first poles 44 and the first pole interspaces 46 of the first rotor section 41 have the same width w R.
  • the entire rotor 40 comprising the rotor sections 41, 42, 43 and the poles 44, 45 are integrally formed of solid iron to best suit the magnetic flux ⁇ conduct .
  • the fixed stator 80 comprises two three-phase stator windings 81, 82 and a stator core 83 made of iron iron for conducting the magnetic flux ⁇ , wherein the stator 80 and thus the stator windings 81, 82 in the radial direction between the rotor sections 41, 42 and between the U -Children are arranged. In the axial direction of the stator 80 and the exciter coil 100 are arranged side by side. By using two windings 81, 82, the output power of the generator 20 is doubled from a single winding. In general, two-, four- or multi-phase stator windings can be used. It is also conceivable to provide more or fewer than two windings.
  • the stator 80 is fastened to a part 72 of the housing 70 by means of a fastening device 71.
  • the fastening device 71 also fixes the cryostat 101 with the exciter coil 100 and the cooling line 102.
  • the fastening means 71 may be formed like a double-walled cylinder, with the stator 80 and the cryostat 101 being arranged and fixed between the cylinder walls.
  • the only moving part of the generator 20 is the rotor 40 comprising the rotor sections 41, 42, 43 and the poles 44, 45.
  • the stator 80 and, unlike synchronous generators, the excitation coil 100 are fixedly connected to the housing 70, can therefore do not rotate.
  • the stator 80 and / or excitation coil 100 could be fixed to another stationary part of the wind turbine 10, i. not rotatable or displaceable, be connected.
  • the mast 110 in question for example, the mast 110 in question.
  • the rotor 40 does not have any electrical components such as coils or the like. carries, can advantageously be dispensed slip rings, etc.
  • FIG. 3 shows a section through the rotor 40, the stator 80 and the stator windings 81, 82 corresponding to the line A-A indicated in FIG.
  • the poles 44, 45 of the rotor 40 are arranged on the stator 80 facing sides of the rotor sections 41, 42 and cause the magnetic flux ⁇ as indicated by the arrows, the stator 80 and the stator windings 81, 82 in the radial
  • the stator windings 81, 82 each have three phases u, v, w.
  • the magnetic flux ⁇ passing through the stator 80 is in the region between two opposite poles 44, 45, ie in the region of a pole pair 48, greater than in the region which lies between two opposite pole interstices 46, 47.
  • the generator 20 shown in Figures 2 and 3 may be in a specific embodiment, a 5MW generator 20 whose directly, ie driven without additional gear rotor 40 rotates regardless of the wind conditions with a fixed rotational frequency of 15 revolutions / minute.
  • a certain number of first 44 and second poles 45 is required. For example. for a frequency of 50 Hz 200 pole pairs 48, ie in each case 200 first and second poles 44, 45 are required. For a frequency of 60Hz, 240 pairs of poles are used accordingly.
  • the excitation coil generates a magnetic flux of IT in the air gaps.
  • the air gaps can be, for example 7mm or 12mm wide, with the width the air gap affects the ampere-turn number of the superconducting exciting coil 100 in such a way that a larger ampere-turn number is needed at a wider air gap to produce the magnetic flux of IT. Since this increases the cost of the system, the narrowest possible air gap is advantageous.
  • the width of the air gaps in turn depends essentially on the mechanical tolerances of rotor 40 and stator 80.
  • the rotor 40 of such a generator 20 has a diameter of the order of 10m. Excitation of the generator 20 is accomplished by a fixed, i. non-co-rotating HTS excitation coil 100 which is cooled to 27K using liquid neon and generates a magnetic flux density of IT in the air gaps.
  • FIG. 4 schematically shows a detail of a plan view of the stator 80 in the radial direction, for example, looking in the negative y-direction, in order to demonstrate the course of the stator windings 81, 82.
  • the plan view only the three-phase u, v, w having stator winding 81 can be seen, which has a meandering course, wherein the longer line sections in the axial direction (z-direction) are aligned.
  • the exciter coil 100 is not shown in FIG.
  • the electric machine according to the invention can also be operated as a motor, wherein the electric machine is designed in itself as the generator 20 described above.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
  • Windings For Motors And Generators (AREA)
  • Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
  • Superconductive Dynamoelectric Machines (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un générateur homopolaire pour un dispositif de production d'énergie électrique. Le générateur fait notamment partie d'une éolienne ou d'une centrale hydroélectrique et est directement entraîné par les pales de l'éolienne ou de la centrale hydroélectrique, c'est-à-dire sans transmission intermédiaire. Une bobine supraconductrice qui est découplée mécaniquement du rotor, c'est-à-dire qui ne tourne pas conjointement au rotor, produit un flux magnétique qui est conduit par le rotor de manière à traverser l'enroulement d'un stator en direction radiale. Le rotor présente à cette fin des sections qui entourent le stator à la manière de griffes, lesquelles sections conduisent le flux magnétique. Des pôles conduisant le flux magnétique se trouvent sur lesdites sections du rotor, lesquels pôles permettent de faire varier le flux magnétique lorsque l'on observe dans la direction périphérique du stator. Une tension est induite dans les enroulements du stator lorsque le champ magnétique est constant et que le rotor tourne. Le rotor tourne de préférence à une fréquence constante. Il est possible d'adapter la fréquence de sortie du générateur à la fréquence du réseau grâce à un choix correspondant du nombre de pôles.
PCT/EP2009/057067 2008-06-20 2009-06-09 Dispositif pour une éolienne ou une centrale hydroélectrique permettant de produire de l'énergie électrique Ceased WO2009153187A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102008029377.6 2008-06-20
DE102008029377A DE102008029377B4 (de) 2008-06-20 2008-06-20 Vorrichtung für eine Wind- oder Wasserkraftanlage zur Erzeugung elektrischer Energie

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2009153187A2 true WO2009153187A2 (fr) 2009-12-23
WO2009153187A3 WO2009153187A3 (fr) 2010-08-05

Family

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Family Applications (1)

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PCT/EP2009/057067 Ceased WO2009153187A2 (fr) 2008-06-20 2009-06-09 Dispositif pour une éolienne ou une centrale hydroélectrique permettant de produire de l'énergie électrique

Country Status (2)

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DE (1) DE102008029377B4 (fr)
WO (1) WO2009153187A2 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2012023866A1 (fr) * 2010-08-20 2012-02-23 Pedro Saavedra Pacheco Génératrice éolienne marine à pales extensibles

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2398129B1 (fr) * 2010-06-17 2012-12-26 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Générateur, en particulier pour éolienne
DE102013206121A1 (de) * 2013-04-08 2014-10-09 Wobben Properties Gmbh Synchrongenerator-Polpaket

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6891302B1 (en) * 2000-09-23 2005-05-10 Christopher W. Gabrys Light-weight high-power electrical machine
US6727632B2 (en) * 2001-11-27 2004-04-27 Denso Corporation Flat rotary electric machine
US7042109B2 (en) * 2002-08-30 2006-05-09 Gabrys Christopher W Wind turbine
US6924574B2 (en) * 2003-05-30 2005-08-02 Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation Dual-rotor, radial-flux, toroidally-wound, permanent-magnet machine
US7049724B2 (en) 2004-03-03 2006-05-23 General Electric Company Superconducting rotating machines with stationary field coils and axial airgap flux
DE102004014123B4 (de) 2004-03-23 2006-01-05 Entrak Energie- Und Antriebstechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg Homopolarmaschine
US7154191B2 (en) 2004-06-30 2006-12-26 General Electric Company Electrical machine with double-sided rotor
DE102005030606B4 (de) * 2005-06-30 2010-07-29 Siemens Ag Maschine mit einem Rotor und einer supraleitenden Feldwicklung
DE102007014353A1 (de) * 2007-03-26 2008-10-02 Robert Bosch Gmbh Elektrische Homopolarmaschine
US20090230690A1 (en) * 2008-03-13 2009-09-17 General Electric Company Systems involving superconducting homopolar alternators for wind power applications

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2012023866A1 (fr) * 2010-08-20 2012-02-23 Pedro Saavedra Pacheco Génératrice éolienne marine à pales extensibles

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102008029377B4 (de) 2010-09-30
DE102008029377A1 (de) 2009-12-24
WO2009153187A3 (fr) 2010-08-05

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