WO2009153323A1 - Procédé et dispositif pour la détection et/ou la mesure d'encrassement dans des échangeurs - Google Patents
Procédé et dispositif pour la détection et/ou la mesure d'encrassement dans des échangeurs Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2009153323A1 WO2009153323A1 PCT/EP2009/057629 EP2009057629W WO2009153323A1 WO 2009153323 A1 WO2009153323 A1 WO 2009153323A1 EP 2009057629 W EP2009057629 W EP 2009057629W WO 2009153323 A1 WO2009153323 A1 WO 2009153323A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fouling
- resistor
- power
- exchanger
- resistance
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N17/00—Investigating resistance of materials to the weather, to corrosion, or to light
- G01N17/008—Monitoring fouling
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F19/00—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F27/00—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28G—CLEANING OF INTERNAL OR EXTERNAL SURFACES OF HEAT-EXCHANGE OR HEAT-TRANSFER CONDUITS, e.g. WATER TUBES OR BOILERS
- F28G15/00—Details
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the detection and / or measurement of fouling in the exchangers.
- the first is that of the food industry, where the reduction and where the best control of the fouling represent a gain in time of operation and thus a gain in productivity. For example, a 2 hour reduction between two cleaning cycles corresponds to a minimum productivity gain of 10%.
- a decrease in fouling leads to a decrease in the consumption of detergents and other cleaning products.
- a better control of the fouling implies a better control of the process and thus a superior quality for the product.
- the second class of applications is industrial cooling, particularly for the chemical, petrochemical, or energy production (thermal and nuclear power plants).
- the unit powers of these systems are indeed very important, so that a drop in performance directly impacts production yields.
- fouling necessarily leads to a decrease in heat exchange capacity and therefore creates a potential risk of overheating in these systems. This is particularly the case of the cooling of nuclear power plants in case of heat wave.
- Its general purpose is to propose a solution for detecting and / or measuring fouling for exchangers of any type.
- the application WO 0194876 proposes in particular a method for monitoring the fouling of the exchanger of a combustion furnace.
- this patent application evaluates a resistance value of a network which is for example constituted by the tubes of the walls of an exchanger.
- this network is subjected to one or more given electrical signals.
- the thus calculated resistance value is itself compared to a nominal resistance value determined on the same circuit at a previous reference time.
- the resistance value thus obtained is for example compared with a threshold value above which it is considered that there is fouling.
- An object of the invention is to provide a solution for detecting and / or measuring fouling in an exchanger capable of being implemented independently of the variations in conditions, in particular the flow rate or temperature, to which the latter is subjected.
- Yet another object is to provide a solution for detecting and / or measuring fouling simple and non-intrusive.
- the invention proposes a method for the detection and / or measurement of fouling in an exchanger according to which the resistive value of a resistor disposed at a wall of this exchanger is measured at two different times. and determining a measurement value corresponding to a function of the resistive values measured at these two instants, characterized in that the resistance is successively subjected to two power levels which are each maintained for a certain duration, the first power level being lower than the second, the measurements of the two resistive values being respectively performed during the application of these two power levels.
- the first power level can be chosen, with the duration during which it is applied, so that the heat flow caused by the Joule effect has an influence on the surface of the exchanger and not on the fouling layer. when it exists.
- the second power level can be chosen so that the heat flow caused by the Joule effect has an impact on both the exchanger and the fouling deposit when it exists.
- the invention also proposes a device for the detection and / or measurement of fouling in an exchanger, characterized in that it comprises a resistor disposed at a wall of this exchanger, means for supplying with constant power. said resistance (R), as well as processing means, these various means being able to implement the aforementioned method.
- the invention also relates to the use of this method or this device for the detection and / or measurement of fouling in the food industry or in industrial thermal applications.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a plate clogged exchanger equipped with a surface resistance according to a possible embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram giving different stages of a processing according to an implementation mode of the invention
- FIGS. 3A to 3C respectively show an example of a time curve of electrical power injected on the surface resistance used in the detection device, as well as the time curves of corresponding resistance values in the cases where the plate is non-fouled and where it is fouled
- FIG. 4 schematically illustrates an example of a surface resistance which can be used for an implementation of the proposed method
- FIG. 5 illustrates different evolutions of resistance variations as a function of temperature for different materials possible for it
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a fouling device
- FIG. 1 shows an exchanger plate P on which fouling has been deposited over time.
- This exchanger can be of any type, including an internal convection exchanger or external liquid / gas, gas / gas or liquid / liquid.
- a surface electrical resistance R with a positive or negative temperature coefficient is arranged along the exchange wall constituted by this plate P.
- the exchanger may not be a plate heat exchanger, but a tube exchanger, the resistor being arranged along one or more tubes.
- this surface electrical resistance is successively subjected to two power levels P1 and P2 and the values R1 and R2 of the resistance R are determined during the application of these two power levels (steps 1 and 2). 2).
- the power Pl is chosen at a level which is both sufficient to create a significant heating of the resistance R (of the order of a few tenths of a degree), but which at the same time is small enough for the local heat flow caused by Joule effect did - during the time when this power
- the power P2 is greater and is chosen so that the local heat flux caused by the Joule effect has an impact on both the plate P (or the tube (s)) and on the deposit E, when the it exists.
- FIG. 3A illustrates the time curve of the power thus applied to the resistor R, this power being at the level P1 between a time T1 and a time T2, then moving to a higher level P2 starting from the instant T2.
- the power P1 is typically a few tenths of a watt (0.1 to 1 watt, typically between 0.2 and 0.8 watt), while the power P2 is typically about several watts (from 1 to 10 watts). watts, for example between 2 and 6 watts).
- the time between the instant T2 and the instant T1 during which the power P1 is applied is typically a few tens of seconds, the power P2 being typically applied for a duration of a few hundred seconds.
- durations and their sequence are chosen so as to remain in the same unit of time to ensure the stability of the operating conditions and reach a stabilized thermal regime at the end of the application of the powers Pl. and P2, obtaining this stabilized thermal regime being readily available to those skilled in the art.
- the value R 1 of the resistor R only depends on the operating conditions that the plate P is or not fouled by the deposit E.
- the value R2 of this resistance R depends both on the operating conditions and whether the plate P is or not fouled ( Figures 3B and 3C).
- This function value of Rlet R2 thus calculated is then subject to a post-processing (step 4), for example of tracking in time, filtering and comparison to threshold values.
- the measurement is non-intrusive (since it is distant from the fouling zone and does not disturb the fouling dynamics). It is global in that it integrates all the surface occupied by the resistance. It can adapt to very different geometries and dimensions.
- the sensing element constituted by the surface sensitive element is, for example, a metallic electrical circuit 10 deposited on a dielectric support 11 (for example polyimide) of small thickness which assures it a certain flexibility and therefore a facilitated adaptation to almost any type of support .
- This detection element 10 is of free form. It extends over an area of planar sensitivity of a few square millimeters to a few square centimeters, the size of this area depending on the size of the sample or the area to be studied.
- the serpentine circuit can for example be directly deposited on the surface of the exchanger.
- the deposited circuit may be nickel, platinum or copper, or any alloy based on these metals, because all three possess the property of having a high temperature coefficient (K 1 ).
- K 1 high temperature coefficient
- Other types of metals can be used, if they have a good thermoelectric coefficient, or a good resistance variation proportional to the temperature of the circuit.
- the resistor R can be directly screen printed on the final support (exchange wall); the system is less intrusive and allows operation at high temperatures.
- the detection element 10 constituted by the heating surface resistor 10 is electronically connected by a 4-wire cable (the wires 13 and 14) to a power supply and acquisition module 16.
- This electronic module 16 electrically supplies the variable resistance probe 10 while maintaining in real time a constant dissipated power over time, and this, as the case may be, at a level P1 or at a level P2. For this purpose, it adapts in real time the voltage U across the wires 14 so that the voltage product intensity remains constant.
- a microcomputer 1 connected in series to the module 16 for example by a USB cable, continuously analyzes the product voltage by intensity and regulates it around the set point initially.
- the setpoint power is variable, very small values (a few tenths of a watt to a few watts).
- the small power P1 makes it possible to measure the resistance without producing any significant heating thereof (principle of the thermistors and other PT100, PT100O).
- the high power P2 generates a thermal heating involving a significant modification of the ohmic resistance of the probe.
- the calculator deduces the value of the function of R2 and R1, which is correlated with the deposit thickness.
- the electronic module 16 has for this purpose a digital output for transferring the evolution of the quantities U and I in real time to the computer 17, which determines the value of the ohmic resistance (ratio of U by I).
- the computer 17 may be a microcomputer integrated in the electronic module for directly performing the resistance and differential value calculations.
- the computer 17 retrieves the data in real time in the form of a digital file and implements a post-processing of this information to identify the evolution of the fouling. This treatment consists, for example, in analyzing the revolution of the differential value of the electrical resistance R, which increases as the deposit is formed.
- An exemplary embodiment of the power control data acquisition module integrating the computer 17 is shown in FIG. 7.
- the computer 17 is a microcomputer that receives from two analog / digital converters 18 voltage values U and intensity.
- the computer 17 transmits, via a digital-to-analog converter 19 and an amplifier A, the voltage applied to the surface resistor R to maintain the power injected thereon at the same time. Pl or P2 level.
- Interface means 21 are optionally provided locally for example to display the measurements made at the module level.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
- Testing Resistance To Weather, Investigating Materials By Mechanical Methods (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US12/999,622 US8672537B2 (en) | 2008-06-18 | 2009-06-18 | Method and device for the detection and/or measurement of fouling in heat exchangers |
| BRPI0915430-2A BRPI0915430B1 (pt) | 2008-06-18 | 2009-06-18 | Processo e dispositivo para a detecção e/ou a medida de sujeira em trocadores |
| EP09765902.3A EP2324338B1 (fr) | 2008-06-18 | 2009-06-18 | Procédé et dispositif pour la détection et/ou la mesure d'encrassement dans des échangeurs thermiques |
| JP2011514048A JP5312579B2 (ja) | 2008-06-18 | 2009-06-18 | 熱交換器内のファウリングの検出及び/又は測定のための方法及び装置 |
| ZA2010/09169A ZA201009169B (en) | 2008-06-18 | 2010-12-21 | Method and device for the detection and/or measurements of fouling in heat exchangers |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0854030A FR2932886B1 (fr) | 2008-06-18 | 2008-06-18 | Procede et dispositif pour la detection et/ou la mesure d'encrassement dans des echangeurs |
| FR0854030 | 2008-06-18 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2009153323A1 true WO2009153323A1 (fr) | 2009-12-23 |
Family
ID=40260677
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2009/057629 Ceased WO2009153323A1 (fr) | 2008-06-18 | 2009-06-18 | Procédé et dispositif pour la détection et/ou la mesure d'encrassement dans des échangeurs |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US8672537B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP2324338B1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP5312579B2 (fr) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0915430B1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2932886B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2009153323A1 (fr) |
| ZA (1) | ZA201009169B (fr) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105158002A (zh) * | 2015-08-28 | 2015-12-16 | 华南理工大学 | 一种基于振动信号的循环水换热器的故障诊断方法 |
| FR3060730A1 (fr) * | 2016-12-21 | 2018-06-22 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | Systeme et procede d'evaluation d'au moins une condition de fonctionnement d'un echangeur de chaleur |
| EP3339828A1 (fr) | 2016-12-21 | 2018-06-27 | Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives | Dispositif et procédé d'évaluation d'au moins une condition de fonctionnement d'un échangeur de chaleur |
| FR3069321A1 (fr) * | 2017-07-24 | 2019-01-25 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | Systeme et procede d'evaluation d'au moins une condition de fonctionnement d'un echangeur de chaleur |
| EP3771879A1 (fr) | 2019-08-01 | 2021-02-03 | Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives | Dispositif de détection et de caractérisation d'un encrassement apte à se former sur une paroi soumise à un échange thermique |
| FR3123976A1 (fr) | 2021-06-14 | 2022-12-16 | IFP Energies Nouvelles | Dispositif de détermination d’une variation de performances thermiques d’un échangeur de chaleur |
| FR3143745A1 (fr) | 2022-12-19 | 2024-06-21 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | Dispositif de détection et de caractérisation d’un dépôt d’encrassement sur une paroi, comprenant une sonde thermique et au moins une garde thermique l’entourant. |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2497784A (en) | 2011-12-20 | 2013-06-26 | Base4 Innovation Ltd | Identification of polymers using nanopore devices |
| CN104172931B (zh) * | 2014-07-18 | 2017-11-10 | 广东美的生活电器制造有限公司 | 用于烧水器具的水垢检测方法及检测装置 |
| US10481018B2 (en) | 2016-04-19 | 2019-11-19 | General Electric Company | Evaluating performance of a fluid transport system using limited sensor data |
| US10295489B2 (en) | 2016-09-12 | 2019-05-21 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Deposit monitor |
| US10816285B2 (en) | 2017-02-24 | 2020-10-27 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Thermoelectric deposit monitor |
| US11953458B2 (en) | 2019-03-14 | 2024-04-09 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Systems and methods utilizing sensor surface functionalization |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3721897A (en) * | 1968-03-14 | 1973-03-20 | Aka Ab Apparatkemiska | Wall thickness and temperature monitoring apparatus for boiler tubes |
| WO2001094876A1 (fr) * | 2000-06-06 | 2001-12-13 | Alstom Power Inc. | Controle du colmatage ou de la fuite de matiere de tubes de transfert thermique dans une cuve de combustion par mesures de resistance |
| FR2897930A1 (fr) * | 2006-02-28 | 2007-08-31 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Echangeur thermique a plaques incluant un dispositif d'evaluation de son etat d'encrassement |
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| US3810009A (en) * | 1971-10-06 | 1974-05-07 | Universal Oil Prod Co | Apparatus for measuring material fouling of a test specimen |
| US3913378A (en) * | 1974-04-08 | 1975-10-21 | Universal Oil Prod Co | Apparatus for measuring fouling on metal surfaces |
| US4722610A (en) * | 1986-03-07 | 1988-02-02 | Technology For Energy Corporation | Monitor for deposition on heat transfer surfaces |
| JPH0274856A (ja) * | 1988-09-09 | 1990-03-14 | Kurita Water Ind Ltd | スケールモニタ |
| JPH0296644A (ja) * | 1988-10-03 | 1990-04-09 | Kurita Water Ind Ltd | ファウリングセンサ |
| US5248198A (en) * | 1992-08-19 | 1993-09-28 | Droege Thomas F | Method and apparatus for evaluating heat exchanger efficiency |
| US5429178A (en) * | 1993-12-10 | 1995-07-04 | Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. | Dual tube fouling monitor and method |
| JP3519212B2 (ja) * | 1995-06-13 | 2004-04-12 | 高砂熱学工業株式会社 | 清浄な資材用保管庫 |
| JPH09166568A (ja) * | 1995-12-14 | 1997-06-24 | Snow Brand Milk Prod Co Ltd | 製造設備の汚れ度合いおよび洗浄効果の測定方法 |
| KR100206660B1 (ko) * | 1996-08-13 | 1999-07-01 | 이종훈 | 열교환기 전열면의 부착물 감시장치 및 방법 |
| TR200100156T2 (tr) * | 1998-07-22 | 2001-05-21 | Unilever N.V. | Denetleme aygıtı |
| JP2000105187A (ja) * | 1998-09-30 | 2000-04-11 | Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp | 熱交換器中の流体の汚れ測定方法 |
| JP2000162120A (ja) * | 1998-11-26 | 2000-06-16 | Kurita Water Ind Ltd | 水系の障害予測方法及び装置 |
| US6288528B1 (en) * | 1999-05-18 | 2001-09-11 | Alstom Power Inc. | Method and system for evaluating a condition of a combustion vessel |
| US6386272B1 (en) * | 2000-01-28 | 2002-05-14 | York International Corporation | Device and method for detecting fouling in a shell and tube heat exchanger |
| US6750660B2 (en) * | 2001-09-12 | 2004-06-15 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Apparatus for evaluating data representing the electrical characteristics of a combustion vessel |
| US7077563B2 (en) * | 2003-11-19 | 2006-07-18 | General Electric Company | Deposition sensor based on differential heat flux measurement |
| JP2006201150A (ja) * | 2004-12-24 | 2006-08-03 | Kurita Water Ind Ltd | 水管の電気抵抗測定方法及び装置 |
| FR2885694B1 (fr) * | 2005-05-10 | 2007-07-13 | Agronomique Inst Nat Rech | Methode et systeme pour la mesure et l'etude de l'encrassement d'un reacteur |
-
2008
- 2008-06-18 FR FR0854030A patent/FR2932886B1/fr active Active
-
2009
- 2009-06-18 EP EP09765902.3A patent/EP2324338B1/fr active Active
- 2009-06-18 JP JP2011514048A patent/JP5312579B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-06-18 WO PCT/EP2009/057629 patent/WO2009153323A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2009-06-18 BR BRPI0915430-2A patent/BRPI0915430B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2009-06-18 US US12/999,622 patent/US8672537B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2010
- 2010-12-21 ZA ZA2010/09169A patent/ZA201009169B/en unknown
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3721897A (en) * | 1968-03-14 | 1973-03-20 | Aka Ab Apparatkemiska | Wall thickness and temperature monitoring apparatus for boiler tubes |
| WO2001094876A1 (fr) * | 2000-06-06 | 2001-12-13 | Alstom Power Inc. | Controle du colmatage ou de la fuite de matiere de tubes de transfert thermique dans une cuve de combustion par mesures de resistance |
| FR2897930A1 (fr) * | 2006-02-28 | 2007-08-31 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Echangeur thermique a plaques incluant un dispositif d'evaluation de son etat d'encrassement |
Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105158002A (zh) * | 2015-08-28 | 2015-12-16 | 华南理工大学 | 一种基于振动信号的循环水换热器的故障诊断方法 |
| CN105158002B (zh) * | 2015-08-28 | 2017-09-12 | 华南理工大学 | 一种基于振动信号的循环水换热器的故障诊断方法 |
| FR3060730A1 (fr) * | 2016-12-21 | 2018-06-22 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | Systeme et procede d'evaluation d'au moins une condition de fonctionnement d'un echangeur de chaleur |
| EP3339828A1 (fr) | 2016-12-21 | 2018-06-27 | Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives | Dispositif et procédé d'évaluation d'au moins une condition de fonctionnement d'un échangeur de chaleur |
| EP3339836A1 (fr) | 2016-12-21 | 2018-06-27 | Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives | Système et procédé d'évaluation d'au moins une condition de fonctionnement d'un échangeur de chaleur |
| FR3069321A1 (fr) * | 2017-07-24 | 2019-01-25 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | Systeme et procede d'evaluation d'au moins une condition de fonctionnement d'un echangeur de chaleur |
| EP3435067A1 (fr) | 2017-07-24 | 2019-01-30 | Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives | Système et procédé d'évaluation d'au moins une condition de fonctionnement d'un échangeur de chaleur |
| EP3771879A1 (fr) | 2019-08-01 | 2021-02-03 | Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives | Dispositif de détection et de caractérisation d'un encrassement apte à se former sur une paroi soumise à un échange thermique |
| FR3099578A1 (fr) | 2019-08-01 | 2021-02-05 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | Dispositif de détection et de caractérisation d’un encrassement apte à se former sur une paroi soumise à un échange thermique |
| FR3123976A1 (fr) | 2021-06-14 | 2022-12-16 | IFP Energies Nouvelles | Dispositif de détermination d’une variation de performances thermiques d’un échangeur de chaleur |
| EP4105639A1 (fr) | 2021-06-14 | 2022-12-21 | IFP Energies nouvelles | Dispositif de determination d'une variation de performances thermiques d'un echangeur de chaleur |
| FR3143745A1 (fr) | 2022-12-19 | 2024-06-21 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | Dispositif de détection et de caractérisation d’un dépôt d’encrassement sur une paroi, comprenant une sonde thermique et au moins une garde thermique l’entourant. |
| EP4390371A1 (fr) | 2022-12-19 | 2024-06-26 | Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives | Dispositif de détection et de caractérisation d'un dépôt d encrassement sur une paroi, comprenant une sonde thermique et au moins une garde thermique l entourant |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20110080182A1 (en) | 2011-04-07 |
| FR2932886B1 (fr) | 2014-09-19 |
| EP2324338A1 (fr) | 2011-05-25 |
| FR2932886A1 (fr) | 2009-12-25 |
| BRPI0915430A2 (pt) | 2015-11-03 |
| JP2011524981A (ja) | 2011-09-08 |
| ZA201009169B (en) | 2011-09-28 |
| EP2324338B1 (fr) | 2020-10-07 |
| BRPI0915430B1 (pt) | 2019-07-02 |
| JP5312579B2 (ja) | 2013-10-09 |
| US8672537B2 (en) | 2014-03-18 |
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