WO2009155252A2 - Agencement de lentilles en deux dimensions pour collimation et orientation de faisceau optique - Google Patents

Agencement de lentilles en deux dimensions pour collimation et orientation de faisceau optique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009155252A2
WO2009155252A2 PCT/US2009/047427 US2009047427W WO2009155252A2 WO 2009155252 A2 WO2009155252 A2 WO 2009155252A2 US 2009047427 W US2009047427 W US 2009047427W WO 2009155252 A2 WO2009155252 A2 WO 2009155252A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
optical
dimensional
collimated
optica
signal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2009/047427
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English (en)
Other versions
WO2009155252A3 (fr
Inventor
Brent Baugh
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Lightwire LLC
Original Assignee
Lightwire LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Lightwire LLC filed Critical Lightwire LLC
Priority to CA2727931A priority Critical patent/CA2727931C/fr
Priority to CN2009801225584A priority patent/CN102067000A/zh
Publication of WO2009155252A2 publication Critical patent/WO2009155252A2/fr
Publication of WO2009155252A3 publication Critical patent/WO2009155252A3/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
    • G02B1/02—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements made of crystals, e.g. rock-salt, semi-conductors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for
    • G02B27/0911—Anamorphotic systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for
    • G02B27/0938—Using specific optical elements
    • G02B27/095—Refractive optical elements
    • G02B27/0955—Lenses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for
    • G02B27/0938—Using specific optical elements
    • G02B27/0977—Reflective elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/30—Collimators
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
    • G02B6/4201—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details
    • G02B6/4204—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details the coupling comprising intermediate optical elements, e.g. lenses, holograms
    • G02B6/4214—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details the coupling comprising intermediate optical elements, e.g. lenses, holograms the intermediate optical element having redirecting reflective means, e.g. mirrors, prisms for deflecting the radiation from horizontal to down- or upward direction toward a device
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
    • G02B6/4201—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details
    • G02B6/4204—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details the coupling comprising intermediate optical elements, e.g. lenses, holograms
    • G02B6/4206—Optical features
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
    • G02B6/4201—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details
    • G02B6/4249—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details comprising arrays of active devices and fibres

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an arrangement for coiiimating and turning an optical beam and, more particularly, to the use of a pair of two-dimensional lenses to separate the collimation into one-dimensional operations, while using one of the two- dimensional lenses to also perform the turning operation.
  • FIG. 1 is a side view, illustrating an optical waveguide 1 formed along a portion of an optical substrate 2.
  • An optical beam O exiting endface 3 of waveguide 1 will expand in all three dimensions as it propagates outward from waveguide 1, forming a conic wavefront as shown in the isometric view of FIG. 2.
  • the Cartesian XYZ coordinates as will be used throughout this discussion are illustrated in both FIGs. 1 and 2, where the Z-axis is defined as the optical axis of waveguide 1 and the XY plane defines endface 3.
  • an angled reflecting surface is often used, shown as reflecting surface 4 in FIG. 1.
  • Reflecting surface 4 is disposed along the output signal path from waveguide 1, in this case defined as the Z-axis of the system.
  • Reflecting surface 4 will intercept the propagating beam and, in this configuration, direct it upwards.
  • reflecting surface 4 may advantageously be formed of the same silicon material as the remainder of the arrangement and fabricated using CMOS processing to create the desired angle of reflection.
  • the phrase "turning mirror” will be hereinafter used to describe this component.
  • waveguide 1 terminates as a perpendicular facet at endface 3 (see FIG. 3 for an enlarged illustration of endface 3)
  • expansion of the beam in the XY plane will continue, causing the signal power to spread across a relatively large surface area, as illustrated by the conic wavefront shown in FIG. 2.
  • the beam expansion will continue after the signai has been re-directed by turning mirror 4.
  • Piane 5 and associated spot size image A in FIG. 1 illustrates the degree of expansion which has occurred by the time optical beam O has exited waveguide I and been re-directed by turning mirror 4. This constant expansion thus results in reducing the optical power present at any point along a surface (such as plane 5).
  • the present invention relates to an arrangement for collimating and turning an optical beam and, more particularly, to the use of a pair of two-dimensional lenses to separate the collimation into separate one-dimensional operations, while using one of the two-dimensional lenses to also perform the turning operation.
  • a first two-dimensional lensing surface is disposed at the endface of a launching waveguide.
  • This first two-dimensional lensing surface provides collimation along one axis of the system (for example, the X axis).
  • a second two-dimensional lensing surface is provided by introducing a defined curvature to a turning mirror in the system.
  • the curvature of the turning mirror is designed to create collimation (or focusing, if desired) in the orthogonal beamfront (in this case, the Y axis beamfront), while also re-directing the propagating signal into the desired orientation.
  • a preferred embodiment of a silicon-based arrangement comprises a silicon-on-insulator (SOl) configuration, with the incoming signal propagating along a waveguide formed in a thin surface silicon layer of the SOI configuration.
  • FIG, 1 is a side view of a prior art optical turning mirror arrangement
  • FIG. 2 is an isometric view of a portion of the arrangement of FIG, 1 , illustrating the conic beamfront emerging from the endface of the optical waveguide;
  • FJG. 3 is an enlarged view of the endface of the optical waveguide as shown in FIG. i ;
  • FIG. 4 is a side view of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is an enlarged, isometric view of- the waveguide endface of the arrangement of the present invention showing, in particular, the positioning of the first two-dimensional Sensing surface with respect to the waveguide termination;
  • FIG. 6 is an isometric view of a portion of the arrangement of FIG. 4, illustrating the truncated conic beamfront emerging from the first two-dimensional Sensing surface;
  • FIG. 7 is a top view of the embodiment of FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 8 is a top view of a prior art array arrangement
  • FIG. 9 is a top view of an array arrangement formed in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is an isometric view of the array arrangement of FIG. 9;
  • FIG. 1 1 is a side view of an alternative embodiment of the present invention, performing X-axis collimation after Y-axis collimation;
  • FIG. 12 is an isometric view of a portion of the arrangement of FfG. 10, illustrating the truncated conic beamfront emerging from the Y-axis tensing surface; and
  • FIG. 13 is a side view of yet another embodiment of the present invention, in this case including a parabolically-curved second Sensing surface, performing focusing of the re-directed optica! beam.
  • improvement in coupling efficiency for a re-directed optica! signal is achieved by incorporating a pair of separate two- dimensional Sensing surfaces into the arrangement to perform collimalion along two axes while aiso providing the desired re-direction of the signal.
  • the coupling system of the present invention comprises a first two-dimensional lensing surface disposed at the endface of an optical waveguide to provide collimation along a first axis.
  • a second two- dimensional iensing surface is provided by introducing curvature into an associated turning mirror (or other re-directing device) to provide both the desired collimation (or focusing) along a second, orthogonal axis and re-direction of the signal along another direction.
  • FIGs. 4 -7 illustrate an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a side view of an exemplary substrate-based optical system utilizing the coupling arrangement of the present invention.
  • the optical system comprises an optical waveguide 10 formed along an optical substrate 12 and terminating at an endface 14 of substrate 12.
  • the optical signal is defined as propagating along the Z-axis of the system, where endface 14 defines the XY plane of the optical system.
  • a first collimation operation is performed by a two-dimensional Sensing surface 20 formed at the termination of waveguide 10 along endface 14.
  • Two-dimensional lensing surface 20 is configured, in this example, to collimate the X-axis wavefront of the propagating optical beam.
  • this collimated signal is designated as C ⁇ .
  • techniques such as reactive ion etching or plasma etching may be used to create the cylindrical profile of lensing surface 20 along endface 14.
  • two-dimensional lensing surface 20 is shown in this example as being cylindrical in structure, it is to be understood that various other two-dimensional geometries may be used, when appropriate.
  • a grating element or Fresnel structure may be used as two-dimensional lensing surface 20.
  • the preferred silicon-based optical system embodiment can utilize CMOS processing techniques to create a grating, Fresnel structure, or any other appropriate two-dimensional lensing surface.
  • any configuration which will provide collimation along one axis may be used as a two-dimensional lensing surface in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 6, which is an isometric view of optical substrate 32 and lensing surface 20, shows the truncated conic geometry of collimated signal CV. That is, lensing surface 20 provides collimation a!ong the X-axis and limits the expansion of the beam in this particular direction. As shown, the beam exiting two-dimensional lensing surface 20 will continue to propagate along the Z-axis and will continue to expand in the Y-axis direction.
  • FIG. 7 is a top view of the embodiment of FIG. 4, showing in particular the relationship between first lensing surface 20 and collimated beam C x as formed in accordance with the present invention.
  • the coupling system of the present invention includes a second two-dimensional Sensing surface. Referring to FlG.
  • this second two- dimensional lensing surface takes the form of a curved surface 22 of a turning mirror 24.
  • Turning mirror 24 is disposed along the Z-axis of the optical system and positioned to intercept the collimated bean CV exiting two-dimensional lensing surface 20.
  • turning mirror 24 is used to re-direct the X-axis collimated beam C x upwards, providing collimation of propagating collimated beam C ⁇ along the orthogonal axis (referred to herein as the Y axis), thus forming a signal which is also collimated along the Y axis, defined as collimated beam C ⁇ .
  • the curvature of second two-dimensional lensing surface 22 may be configured to provide, for example, focusing instead of collimation.
  • a parabolic-shaped lensing surface may be used.
  • second two-dimensional lensing surface 22 may be defined as "beam shaping", where this shaping is considered to include both collimation and focusing.
  • beam shaping the use of silicon-based arrangement as the preferred embodiment of the present invention allows for the curvature of surface 22 to be controlled through well-known CMOS fabrication processes to provide the desired type of beam shaping.
  • CMOS fabrication processes to provide the desired type of beam shaping.
  • an integrated monolithic optical system can be provided where optical substrate 12 and turning mirror 24 are disposed on and formed within a common silicon substrate 15.
  • CMOS processing and fabrication techniques can be used to form a Sensing surface as an integral pan of the system, where in the above-described embodiment two-dimensional Sensing surface 20 is shown as created directly along ⁇ ndfac ⁇ 14 as an integral part of substrate 12.
  • the ability to create an integrated, monolithic structure allows for the lensing surface to be precisely aligned with the optical waveguide without needing to perform any separate alignment and attachment processes.
  • the utilization of a silicon-based arrangement and the ability to integrate the Sensing surfaces directly into the structure allows for an array of structures to be easily formed and reproduced.
  • a preferred silicon-based optical system comprises an SOI structure, with waveguide(s) formed in a surface silicon layer of an SOI structure; the lensing surfaces are likewise formed of si licon and integrated within the SOI structure.
  • FIG. 8 is a top view of a prior art array waveguide and turning mirror structure, including a plurality of separate waveguides 1-1 , 1 -2 and 1 -3, all formed within substrate 2.
  • a single, extended turning mirror surface 4 is used in this case to intercept the plurality of optical beams 0-1, 0-2 and 0-3, directing them upwards as shown.
  • the spot size of the expanding beams is also illustrated in F ⁇ G. 8.
  • FIG. 9 alternatively, illustrates the use of a plurality of cylindrical (for example) lenses 20-1 , 20-2 and 20-3 in combination with a plurality of waveguides 10-1 , 10-2 and 10-3 to form a plurality of x-axis collimated beams C x -I, C ⁇ -2 and C ⁇ -3, in accordance with the teachings of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is an isometric view of the arrangement of FIG. 9.
  • Lenses 20-1, 20-2 and 20-3 are individually formed along end face 14 of optical substrate 12.
  • CMOS processing may be used to ensure that each lens is properly aligned with its associated waveguide, and that each iens exhibits the same curvature.
  • FIGs. 9 and 10 only illustrate a set of three waveguides, it is to be understood that any desired number of waveguides and associated Sensing surfaces may be formed in alignment thereto.
  • a single curved surface 22 is preferably used to separately collimate each beam along the Y axis, while also directing the plurality of beams upward.
  • These twice-collimated beams are shown as C ⁇ -1, C ⁇ -2 and C ⁇ -3 in FIGs. 9 and 1 0.
  • the formation of an integrated array structure allows for alignment to be maintained without the need to separately align each pair of lensing surfaces with its associated waveguide.
  • FIG. 1 1 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the present invention where a first lensing surface 30 is configured to provide Y-axis collimation of a beam exiting at endface 14 of waveguide 10 and an associated turning mirror 32 is formed to exhibit a curved surface 34 (along the X-axis) to provide both X-axis collimation and beam re-direction.
  • the beam is directed downward, perhaps into a photoreceiving device (not shown),
  • FIG. 12 is an isometric view of the waveguide portion of this embodiment, il lustrating the orientation of a two-dimensional lensing surface with respect to endface 14.
  • two-dimensional lensing surface 30 may be formed as an integral part of substrate 12 along endface 14 at waveguide 10.
  • the ability to form an integrated structure eliminates the need to align and affix one component to another.
  • the use of a silicon-based embodiment also allows for curved surface 32 to be formed using known CMOS processing to provide both the desired degree of X-axis collimation and re- direction of the propagating, collimated beam C ⁇ .
  • the subscripts associated with collimated signal "C" denote the order of the collimation along the two axes (i.e., XY or YX).
  • the degree of curvature in the second Sensing surface may be used to further narrow the impinging beam, so as to focus into a smaller spot size than achieved merely by collimating the signal.
  • FIG. 13 shows an optical coupling system of the present invention wherein a parabolic curvature is introduced into a curved surface 40 of a turning mirror 42, creating a propagating signal with a focused spot size F, as shown. While this embodiment shows the use of a parabolic shape, other curvatures may be used to provide focusing and/or collimation as desired.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Optical Integrated Circuits (AREA)
  • Optical Couplings Of Light Guides (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un agencement de collimation et d'orientation de faisceau optique qui utilise une paire de lentilles bidimensionnelles pour séparer la collimation en opérations unidimensionnelles distinctes, en utilisant une des lentilles bidimensionnelles pour effectuer également l'opération d'orientation. Une première surface de lentille bidimensionnelle est placée à la face d'extrémité d'un guide d'onde de lancement. Cette première surface de lentille bidimensionnelle effectue la collimation le long d'un axe du système (par exemple l'axe X). Une seconde surface de lentille bidimensionnelle permet d'introduire une courbure définie au niveau d'un miroir d'orientation présent dans le système. Cette courbure du miroir d'orientation est conçue pour créer la collimation (ou la focalisation, le cas échéant) dans le front d'onde orthogonal (dans ce cas, le front d'onde d'axe Y ), tout en redirigeant le signal de propagation dans l'orientation souhaitée.
PCT/US2009/047427 2008-06-17 2009-06-16 Agencement de lentilles en deux dimensions pour collimation et orientation de faisceau optique Ceased WO2009155252A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA2727931A CA2727931C (fr) 2008-06-17 2009-06-16 Agencement de lentilles en deux dimensions pour collimation et orientation de faisceau optique
CN2009801225584A CN102067000A (zh) 2008-06-17 2009-06-16 用于光束准直和束定向的二维透镜装置

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US13240708P 2008-06-17 2008-06-17
US61/132,407 2008-06-17
US12/456,145 2009-06-12
US12/456,145 US8310766B2 (en) 2008-06-17 2009-06-12 Two-dimensional lensing arrangment for optical beam collimation and beam orientation

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2009155252A2 true WO2009155252A2 (fr) 2009-12-23
WO2009155252A3 WO2009155252A3 (fr) 2010-02-25

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PCT/US2009/047427 Ceased WO2009155252A2 (fr) 2008-06-17 2009-06-16 Agencement de lentilles en deux dimensions pour collimation et orientation de faisceau optique

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US (1) US8310766B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN102067000A (fr)
CA (1) CA2727931C (fr)
WO (1) WO2009155252A2 (fr)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8818155B2 (en) 2012-09-07 2014-08-26 International Business Machines Corporation Planar waveguide prism lens
US10816738B2 (en) 2014-10-24 2020-10-27 Hewlett Packard Enterprise Development Lp Turning mirror optical couplers
CN110208908A (zh) * 2019-05-24 2019-09-06 宁波东立创芯光电科技有限公司 一种光波导回路上的二维聚焦转向镜
JP7600616B2 (ja) * 2020-10-23 2024-12-17 住友電気工業株式会社 光デバイス
EP3995871A1 (fr) * 2020-11-09 2022-05-11 Imec VZW Couplage optique de faisceau étendu à deux étages
CN114217380B (zh) * 2021-12-17 2024-04-02 武汉光谷信息光电子创新中心有限公司 一种端面耦合器及其制备方法

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US6912330B2 (en) 2001-05-17 2005-06-28 Sioptical Inc. Integrated optical/electronic circuits and associated methods of simultaneous generation thereof
GB0201969D0 (en) 2002-01-29 2002-03-13 Qinetiq Ltd Integrated optics devices
US6876494B2 (en) * 2002-09-30 2005-04-05 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Imaging forming apparatus
FR2846400B1 (fr) * 2002-10-28 2005-10-07 Valeo Vision Feu de signalisation comportant un dispositif de recuperation et de repartition du flux lumineux vers un reflecteur annulaire
US20040120672A1 (en) 2002-12-18 2004-06-24 Gabel Chong Waveguides with integrated lenses and reflective surfaces
DE10305171B4 (de) 2003-01-31 2007-11-29 Infineon Technologies Ag Bidirektionales optisches Sende- und Empfangsmodul
US7162124B1 (en) 2003-03-14 2007-01-09 Luxtera, Inc. Fiber to chip coupler
US7450801B2 (en) 2004-08-24 2008-11-11 Lucent Technologies Inc. Apparatus for free-space switching between planar lightwave circuits

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US8310766B2 (en) 2012-11-13
CN102067000A (zh) 2011-05-18
CA2727931A1 (fr) 2009-12-23
US20090316275A1 (en) 2009-12-24
CA2727931C (fr) 2016-06-07
WO2009155252A3 (fr) 2010-02-25

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