WO2009155309A1 - Dérivés substitués de cyanopyrrolidine - Google Patents

Dérivés substitués de cyanopyrrolidine Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009155309A1
WO2009155309A1 PCT/US2009/047596 US2009047596W WO2009155309A1 WO 2009155309 A1 WO2009155309 A1 WO 2009155309A1 US 2009047596 W US2009047596 W US 2009047596W WO 2009155309 A1 WO2009155309 A1 WO 2009155309A1
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Prior art keywords
compound
deuterium
composition
therapeutic agent
compounds
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English (en)
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Scott L. Harbeson
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Concert Pharmaceuticals Inc
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Concert Pharmaceuticals Inc
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C07B59/00—Introduction of isotopes of elements into organic compounds ; Labelled organic compounds per se
    • C07B59/002—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
    • A61P3/10—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D207/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D207/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D207/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D207/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D207/16—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals

Definitions

  • This invention relates to novel substituted cyanopyrrolidines, their derivatives and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
  • This invention also provides compositions comprising a compound of this invention and the use of such compositions in methods of treating diseases and conditions that are beneficially treated by administering a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor.
  • DPP-4 dipeptidyl peptidase 4
  • glucagon- like peptide- 1 GLP-I
  • GIP glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide
  • Increasing the levels of endogenous incretin hormones leads to improved ⁇ -cell function including enhanced sensitivity of the ⁇ -cells to glucose which in turn results in improved glucose-dependent insulin secretion.
  • increased levels of endogenous GLP-I also enhances the sensitivity of pancreatic ⁇ -cells to glucose which leads to improved regulation of glucagon secretion.
  • the overall effect is an increase in the insulin/glucagon ratio during hyperglycemia leading to reduced glycemia. (See the EMEA's Summary of Product Characteristics for Galvus at http ://www. emea.europa. eu/humandocs/PDFs/EP AR/galvus/H-771 -Pl-en.pdf) .
  • vildagliptin The major elimination pathway of vildagliptin in humans is through metabolism. A total of 69% of the dose is metabolized, 51% of which is due to the major inactive metabolite, LAY 151, a product of nitrile hydrolysis. Further hydrolysis of the amide group of LAYl 51 accounts for an additional 4% of the dose. DPP-4 contributes partially to the hydrolysis of vildagliptin and CYP450 enzymes are not involved to any quantifiable extent. In vitro studies have demonstrated that vildagliptin does not inhibit/induce CYP 450 enzymes. (See EMEA's Summary of Product Characteristics for Galvus).
  • ameliorate and “treat” are used interchangeably and include both therapeutic and prophylactic treatment. Both terms mean decrease, suppress, attenuate, diminish, arrest, or stabilize the development or progression of a disease (e.g., a disease or disorder delineated herein), lessen the severity of the disease or improve the symptoms associated with the disease.
  • a disease e.g., a disease or disorder delineated herein
  • Disease means any condition or disorder that damages or interferes with the normal function of a cell, tissue, or organ.
  • any atom not specifically designated as a particular isotope is meant to represent any stable isotope of that atom.
  • a position is designated specifically as “H” or “hydrogen”
  • the position is understood to have hydrogen at its natural abundance isotopic composition.
  • a position is designated specifically as “D” or “deuterium”
  • the position is understood to have deuterium at an abundance that is at least 3340 times greater than the natural abundance of deuterium, which is 0.015% (i.e., at least 50.1% incorporation of deuterium).
  • isotopic enrichment factor means the ratio between the isotopic abundance and the natural abundance of a specified isotope.
  • a compound of this invention has an isotopic enrichment factor for each designated deuterium atom of at least 3500 (52.5% deuterium incorporation at each designated deuterium atom), at least 4000 (60% deuterium incorporation), at least 4500 (67.5% deuterium incorporation), at least 5000 (75% deuterium), at least 5500 (82.5% deuterium incorporation), at least 6000 (90% deuterium incorporation), at least 6333.3 (95% deuterium incorporation), at least 6466.7 (97% deuterium incorporation), at least 6600 (99% deuterium incorporation), or at least 6633.3 (99.5% deuterium incorporation).
  • isotopologue refers to a species that differs from a specific compound of this invention only in the isotopic composition thereof.
  • a compound represented by a particular chemical structure containing indicated deuterium atoms will also contain lesser amounts of isotopologues having hydrogen atoms at one or more of the designated deuterium positions in that structure.
  • the relative amount of such isotopologues in a compound of this invention will depend upon a number of factors including the isotopic purity of deuterated reagents used to make the compound and the efficiency of incorporation of deuterium in the various synthesis steps used to prepare the compound.
  • the relative amount of such isotopologues in toto will be less than 49.9% of the compound. In other embodiments, the relative amount of such isotopologues in toto will be less than 47.5%, less than 40%, less than 32.5%, less than 25%, less than 17.5%, less than 10%, less than 5%, less than 3%, less than 1%, or less than 0.5% of the compound.
  • the invention also provides salts, of the compounds of the invention.
  • a salt of a compound of this invention is formed between an acid and a basic group of the compound, such as an amino functional group, or a base and an acidic group of the compound, such as a carboxyl functional group.
  • the compound is a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable refers to a component that is, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of humans and other mammals without undue toxicity, irritation, allergic response and the like, and are commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable salt means any non-toxic salt that, upon administration to a recipient, is capable of providing, either directly or indirectly, a compound of this invention.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable counterion is an ionic portion of a salt that is not toxic when released from the salt upon administration to a recipient.
  • Acids commonly employed to form pharmaceutically acceptable salts include inorganic acids such as hydrogen bisulfide, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid, sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid, as well as organic acids such as para-toluenesulfonic acid, salicylic acid, tartaric acid, bitartaric acid, ascorbic acid, maleic acid, besylic acid, fumaric acid, gluconic acid, glucuronic acid, formic acid, glutamic acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, lactic acid, oxalic acid, para-bromophenylsulfonic acid, carbonic acid, succinic acid, citric acid, benzoic acid and acetic acid, as well as related inorganic and organic acids.
  • inorganic acids such as hydrogen bisulfide, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid, sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid
  • Such pharmaceutically acceptable salts thus include sulfate, pyrosulfate, bisulfate, sulfite, bisulfite, phosphate, monohydrogenphosphate, dihydrogenphosphate, metaphosphate, pyrophosphate, chloride, bromide, iodide, acetate, propionate, decanoate, caprylate, acrylate, formate, isobutyrate, caprate, heptanoate, propiolate, oxalate, malonate, succinate, suberate, sebacate, fumarate, maleate, butyne-l,4-dioate, hexyne- 1,6-dioate, benzoate, chlorobenzoate, methylbenzoate, dinitrobenzoate, hydroxybenzoate, methoxybenzoate, phthalate, terephthalate, sulfonate, xylene sulfonate, phenylacetate, phenylpropionat
  • the compounds of the present invention may contain an asymmetric carbon atom, for example, as the result of deuterium substitution or otherwise.
  • compounds of this invention can exist as either individual enantiomers, or mixtures of the two enantiomers. Accordingly, a compound of the present invention may exist as either a racemic mixture or a scalemic mixture, or as individual respective stereoisomers that are substantially free from another possible stereoisomer.
  • substantially free of other stereoisomers means less than 25% of other stereoisomers, preferably less than 10% of other stereoisomers, more preferably less than 5% of other stereoisomers and most preferably less than 2% of other stereoisomers, or less than "X"% of other stereoisomers (wherein X is a number between 0 and 100, inclusive) are present.
  • stable compounds refers to compounds which possess stability sufficient to allow for their manufacture and which maintain the integrity of the compound for a sufficient period of time to be useful for the purposes detailed herein (e.g., formulation into therapeutic products, intermediates for use in production of therapeutic compounds, isolatable or storable intermediate compounds, treating a disease or condition responsive to therapeutic agents).
  • variable may be referred to generally (e.g., "each R") or may be referred to specifically (e.g., R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , etc.). Unless otherwise indicated, when a variable is referred to generally, it is meant to include all specific embodiments of that particular variable.
  • R 1 is selected from -CH 2 - and -CD 2 -;
  • R 2 is 3-hydroxyadamantyl, wherein 1 to 14 hydrogen atoms in R 2 are optionally replaced with deuterium; each Z is independently selected from hydrogen and deuterium; and when each Z is hydrogen and R 2 does not comprise deuterium, R 1 is -CD 2 -.
  • Compounds of the present invention comprise at least one deuterium.
  • each Z 2 is the same; each Z is the same; each Z 4 is the same; and
  • R 2 is selected from 3-hydroxyadamantyl and 3-hydroxy-di 4 -adamantyl (i.e., 3- hydroxyadamantyl wherein 14 hydrogen atoms are replaced with deuterium).
  • An additional embodiment of this invention provides a compound of Formula I wherein Z 2a and Z 2b are the same; Z 3a , Z 3b , Z 4a and Z 4b are the same; and R 2 is selected from 3- hydroxyadamantyl and 3-hydroxy-di 4 -adamantyl (i.e., 3-hydroxyadamantyl wherein 14 hydrogen atoms are replaced with deuterium).
  • Z 2a and Z 2b are both hydrogen.
  • Z 2a and Z 2b are both deuterium.
  • Z 3a Z 3b Z 4a and Z 4b are all hydrogen.
  • Z 3a Z 3b Z 4a and Z 4b are all deuterium.
  • the compound is selected from any one of the compounds (Cmpd) set forth in Table 1 (below):
  • any atom not designated as deuterium in any of the embodiments set forth above is present at its natural isotopic abundance.
  • Such methods can be carried out utilizing corresponding deuterated and optionally, other isotope-containing reagents and/or intermediates to synthesize the compounds delineated herein, or invoking standard synthetic protocols known in the art for introducing isotopic atoms to a chemical structure.
  • a compound of Formula I may be prepared as follows. To a cooled mixture of an appropriately deuterated chloroacetyl-2-cyanopyrolidine 11 and potassium carbonate in dichloromethane is added a solution of the appropriately deuterated 1- amino-3-hydroxy-adamantane 10 in dichloromethane. After stirring for 20 hours, the reaction mixture is filtered and the filtrate concentrated to dryness. Purification by chromatography provides a compound of Formula I.
  • the appropriately deuterated proline 20 may be prepared according to the method of Herold, F et al., Tet Asym, 2007, 18: 091-2098. Treatment of the proline 20 with thionyl chloride in methanol to produce the methyl ester, is followed by conversion to the amide 21 upon treatment with ammonia in methanol.
  • the proline amide 21 may be coupled with chloroacetyl chloride (or d2-chloroacetyl chloride) 22 in the presence of K 2 CO 3 . Filtration and solvent removal will provide the desired amide 23. Conversion of the amide 23 to the nitrile 11 may be accomplished by treatment with trifluoroacetic anhydride in THF at room temperature.
  • each Z is deuterium
  • each Z and each Z 4 is hydrogen
  • An additional example of a deuterated proline 20 where Z 1 is deuterium; and each Z 2 , Z 3 , and Z 4 is hydrogen may be prepared as described by Seebach, D et al., JACS, 1983, 105: 5390-5398.
  • intermediate 10 may be prepared as described in detail here.
  • An appropriately deuterated aminoadamantane added to a chilled solution of nitric acid in cone, sulfuric acid and stirred for several hours in an ice bath followed by stirring at room temperature for 30 hours, yields the corresponding l-amino-3-nitro compound 31.
  • To a cooled solution of 31 is carefully added solid KOH. After work-up, compound 10 is obtained as a white solid.
  • Perdeuterated aminoadamantane (dl5) is commercially available. Alternatively, the perdeuterated aminoadamantane may be obtained by the method described in Canadian Patent 873,873.
  • the invention also provides pyrogen-free pharmaceutical compositions comprising an effective amount of a compound of Formula I (e.g., including any of the formulae herein), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of said compound; and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier e.g., including any of the formulae herein
  • the carrier(s) are "acceptable" in the sense of being compatible with the other ingredients of the formulation and, in the case of a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, not deleterious to the recipient thereof in an amount used in the medicament.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, adjuvants and vehicles that may be used in the pharmaceutical compositions of this invention include, but are not limited to, ion exchangers, alumina, aluminum stearate, lecithin, serum proteins, such as human serum albumin, buffer substances such as phosphates, glycine, sorbic acid, potassium sorbate, partial glyceride mixtures of saturated vegetable fatty acids, water, salts or electrolytes, such as protamine sulfate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium hydrogen phosphate, sodium chloride, zinc salts, colloidal silica, magnesium trisilicate, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, cellulose-based substances, polyethylene glycol, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, polyacrylates, waxes, polyethylene- polyoxypropylene-block polymers, polyethylene glycol and wool fat.
  • ion exchangers alumina, aluminum stearate, lecithin
  • serum proteins such as human serum albumin
  • buffer substances such as phosphate
  • the solubility and bioavailability of the compounds of the present invention in pharmaceutical compositions may be enhanced by methods well-known in the art.
  • One method includes the use of lipid excipients in the formulation. See “Oral Lipid-Based Formulations: Enhancing the Bioavailability of Poorly Water-Soluble Drugs (Drugs and the Pharmaceutical Sciences),” David J. Hauss, ed. Informa Healthcare, 2007; and “Role of Lipid Excipients in Modifying Oral and Parenteral Drug Delivery: Basic Principles and Biological Examples," Kishor M. Wasan, ed. Wiley-Interscience, 2006.
  • Another known method of enhancing bioavailability is the use of an amorphous form of a compound of this invention optionally formulated with a poloxamer, such as LUTROLTM and PLURONICTM (BASF Corporation), or block copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide. See United States patent 7,014,866; and United States patent publications 20060094744 and 20060079502.
  • compositions of the invention include those suitable for oral, rectal, nasal, topical (including buccal and sublingual), vaginal or parenteral (including subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous and intradermal) administration.
  • the compound of the formulae herein is administered transdermally (e.g., using a transdermal patch or iontophoretic techniques).
  • Other formulations may conveniently be presented in unit dosage form, e.g., tablets, sustained release capsules, and in liposomes, and may be prepared by any methods well known in the art of pharmacy. See, for example, Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mack Publishing Company, Philadelphia, PA (17th ed. 1985).
  • Such preparative methods include the step of bringing into association with the molecule to be administered ingredients such as the carrier that constitutes one or more accessory ingredients.
  • ingredients such as the carrier that constitutes one or more accessory ingredients.
  • the compositions are prepared by uniformly and intimately bringing into association the active ingredients with liquid carriers, liposomes or finely divided solid carriers, or both, and then, if necessary, shaping the product.
  • compositions of the present invention suitable for oral administration may be presented as discrete units such as capsules, sachets, or tablets each containing a predetermined amount of the active ingredient; a powder or granules; a solution or a suspension in an aqueous liquid or a non-aqueous liquid; an oil-in-water liquid emulsion; a water-in-oil liquid emulsion; packed in liposomes; or as a bolus, etc.
  • Soft gelatin capsules can be useful for containing such suspensions, which may beneficially increase the rate of compound absorption.
  • carriers that are commonly used include lactose and corn starch.
  • Lubricating agents such as magnesium stearate, are also typically added.
  • useful diluents include lactose and dried cornstarch.
  • aqueous suspensions are administered orally, the active ingredient is combined with emulsifying and suspending agents. If desired, certain sweetening and/or flavoring and/or coloring agents may be added.
  • compositions suitable for oral administration include lozenges comprising the ingredients in a flavored basis, usually sucrose and acacia or tragacanth; and pastilles comprising the active ingredient in an inert basis such as gelatin and glycerin, or sucrose and acacia.
  • compositions suitable for parenteral administration include aqueous and nonaqueous sterile injection solutions which may contain anti-oxidants, buffers, bacteriostats and solutes which render the formulation isotonic with the blood of the intended recipient; and aqueous and non-aqueous sterile suspensions which may include suspending agents and thickening agents.
  • the formulations may be presented in unit-dose or multi-dose containers, for example, sealed ampules and vials, and may be stored in a freeze dried (lyophilized) condition requiring only the addition of the sterile liquid carrier, for example water for injections, immediately prior to use.
  • Extemporaneous injection solutions and suspensions may be prepared from sterile powders, granules and tablets.
  • Such injection solutions may be in the form, for example, of a sterile injectable aqueous or oleaginous suspension.
  • This suspension may be formulated according to techniques known in the art using suitable dispersing or wetting agents (such as, for example, Tween 80) and suspending agents.
  • the sterile injectable preparation may also be a sterile injectable solution or suspension in a non-toxic parenterally-acceptable diluent or solvent, for example, as a solution in 1,3-butanediol.
  • the acceptable vehicles and solvents that may be employed are mannitol, water, Ringer's solution and isotonic sodium chloride solution.
  • sterile, fixed oils are conventionally employed as a solvent or suspending medium.
  • any bland fixed oil may be employed including synthetic mono- or diglycerides.
  • Fatty acids, such as oleic acid and its glyceride derivatives are useful in the preparation of injectables, as are natural pharmaceutically-acceptable oils, such as olive oil or castor oil, especially in their polyoxyethylated versions.
  • These oil solutions or suspensions may also contain a long-chain alcohol diluent or dispersant.
  • compositions of this invention may be administered in the form of suppositories for rectal administration.
  • These compositions can be prepared by mixing a compound of this invention with a suitable non-irritating excipient which is solid at room temperature but liquid at the rectal temperature and therefore will melt in the rectum to release the active components.
  • suitable non-irritating excipient include, but are not limited to, cocoa butter, beeswax and polyethylene glycols.
  • compositions of this invention may be administered by nasal aerosol or inhalation.
  • Such compositions are prepared according to techniques well-known in the art of pharmaceutical formulation and may be prepared as solutions in saline, employing benzyl alcohol or other suitable preservatives, absorption promoters to enhance bioavailability, fluorocarbons, and/or other solubilizing or dispersing agents known in the art. See, e.g.: Rabinowitz JD and Zaffaroni AC, US Patent 6,803,031, assigned to Alexza Molecular Delivery Corporation.
  • Topical administration of the pharmaceutical compositions of this invention is especially useful when the desired treatment involves areas or organs readily accessible by topical application.
  • the pharmaceutical composition should be formulated with a suitable ointment containing the active components suspended or dissolved in a carrier.
  • Carriers for topical administration of the compounds of this invention include, but are not limited to, mineral oil, liquid petroleum, white petroleum, propylene glycol, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene compound, emulsifying wax, and water.
  • the pharmaceutical composition can be formulated with a suitable lotion or cream containing the active compound suspended or dissolved in a carrier.
  • Suitable carriers include, but are not limited to, mineral oil, sorbitan monostearate, polysorbate 60, cetyl esters wax, cetearyl alcohol, 2-octyldodecanol, benzyl alcohol, and water.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions of this invention may also be topically applied to the lower intestinal tract by rectal suppository formulation or in a suitable enema formulation. Topically-transdermal patches and iontophoretic administration are also included in this invention.
  • Application of the subject therapeutics may be local, so as to be administered at the site of interest.
  • Various techniques can be used for providing the subject compositions at the site of interest, such as injection, use of catheters, trocars, projectiles, pluronic gel, stents, sustained drug release polymers or other device which provides for internal access.
  • the compounds of this invention may be incorporated into compositions for coating an implantable medical device, such as prostheses, artificial valves, vascular grafts, stents, or catheters.
  • an implantable medical device such as prostheses, artificial valves, vascular grafts, stents, or catheters.
  • Suitable coatings and the general preparation of coated implantable devices are known in the art and are exemplified in US Patents 6,099,562; 5,886,026; and 5,304,121.
  • the coatings are typically biocompatible polymeric materials such as a hydrogel polymer, polymethyldisiloxane, polycaprolactone, polyethylene glycol, polylactic acid, ethylene vinyl acetate, and mixtures thereof.
  • the coatings may optionally be further covered by a suitable topcoat of fluorosilicone, polysaccharides, polyethylene glycol, phospholipids or combinations thereof to impart controlled release characteristics in the composition.
  • Coatings for invasive devices are to be included within the definition of pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, adjuvant or vehicle, as those terms are used herein.
  • the invention provides a method of coating an implantable medical device comprising the step of contacting said device with the coating composition described above. It will be obvious to those skilled in the art that the coating of the device will occur prior to implantation into a mammal.
  • the invention provides a method of impregnating an implantable drug release device comprising the step of contacting said drug release device with a compound or composition of this invention.
  • Implantable drug release devices include, but are not limited to, biodegradable polymer capsules or bullets, non- degradable, diffusible polymer capsules and biodegradable polymer wafers.
  • the invention provides an implantable medical device coated with a compound or a composition comprising a compound of this invention, such that said compound is therapeutically active.
  • the invention provides an implantable drug release device impregnated with or containing a compound or a composition comprising a compound of this invention, such that said compound is released from said device and is therapeutically active.
  • composition of this invention may be painted onto the organ, or a composition of this invention may be applied in any other convenient way.
  • a composition of this invention further comprises a second therapeutic agent.
  • the second therapeutic agent may be selected from any compound or therapeutic agent known to have or that demonstrates advantageous properties when administered with a compound having the same mechanism of action as vildagliptin.
  • Such agents include those indicated as being useful in combination with vildagliptin, including but not limited to, those described in WO 2006022428, WO 2006041976, WO 2003101448, WO 2002074042, WO 2006005613, WO 2001052825, WO 2005049088, WO 2006076231, WO 2007041368, WO 2007041833, WO 2007128801, WO 2004052362, WO 2005117861, WO 2003099279, WO 2007041053, WO 2005042003, WO 2005120474, WO 2006084757, WO 2006135693, WO 2007023754, and WO 2007006790 .
  • the second therapeutic agent is an agent useful in the treatment or prevention of a disease or condition selected from diabetes particularly type 2 diabetes mellitus; cardiovascular disorders such as cardiac hypertrophy, cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction, pulmonary congestion and cardiac fibrosis; renal damage or impairment; hyperlipidemia and conditions associated therewith, such as CHD, ischemic stroke, restenosis after angioplasty, peripheral vascular disease, intermittent claudication, myocardial infarction (e.g.
  • necrosis and apoptosis dyslipidemia and post-prandial lipemia; a proliferative disease, especially a solid tumor disease; insulin resistance; impaired glucose metabolism; conditions of impaired glucose tolerance; conditions of impaired fasting plasma glucose; hypoglycemia; obesity; diabetic retinopathy; macular degeneration; cataracts; diabetic nephropathy; glomerulosclerosis; diabetic neuropathy; erectile dysfunction; premenstrual syndrome; coronary heart disease; hypertension; angina pectoris; skin and connective tissue disorders; foot ulcerations and ulcerative colitis; endothelial dysfunction and impaired vascular compliance; altered gastrointestinal motility; sensitivity and/or secretion disorder(s) which include, but are not limited to, heartburn, bloating, postoperative ileus, abdominal pain and discomfort, early satiety, epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, burbulence, regurgitation, intestinal pseudoobstruction, anal incontinence, GERD, IBS, dyspepsia, chronic constip
  • diabetic gastroparesis ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, ulcers and the visceral pain associated therewith
  • neurodegenerative disorders e.g., rheumatosis
  • cognitive disorders e.g., rheumatosis
  • autoimmune diseases e.g., graft rejection
  • disorders characterized by growth hormone deficiency including growth retardation and metabolic disorders as well as burns, wounds, trauma and convalescence following surgery
  • arthritis and osteoporosis .
  • the second therapeutic agent is selected from metformin, a sulphonylurea, and a thiazolidinedione.
  • the invention provides separate dosage forms of a compound of this invention and one or more of any of the above-described second therapeutic agents, wherein the compound and second therapeutic agent are associated with one another.
  • association with one another means that the separate dosage forms are packaged together or otherwise attached to one another such that it is readily apparent that the separate dosage forms are intended to be sold and administered together (within less than 24 hours of one another, consecutively or simultaneously).
  • the compound of the present invention is present in an effective amount.
  • effective amount refers to an amount which, when administered in a proper dosing regimen, is sufficient to reduce or ameliorate the severity, duration or progression of the disorder being treated, prevent the advancement of the disorder being treated, cause the regression of the disorder being treated, or enhance or improve the prophylactic or therapeutic effect(s) of another therapy.
  • an effective amount of a compound of this invention can range from about 0.5 mg to about 1 g per treatment. In a more specific embodiment the range is from about 5 mg to 500 mg, or from about 10 mg to 200 mg, or most specifically from about 50 mg to about 100 mg per treatment. Treatment typically is administered one to two times daily .
  • Effective doses will also vary, as recognized by those skilled in the art, depending on the diseases treated, the severity of the disease, the route of administration, the sex, age and general health condition of the patient, excipient usage, the possibility of co-usage with other therapeutic treatments such as use of other agents and the judgment of the treating physician. For example, guidance for selecting an effective dose can be determined by reference to the prescribing information for vildagliptin.
  • an effective amount of the second therapeutic agent is between about 20% and 100% of the dosage normally utilized in a monotherapy regime using just that agent.
  • an effective amount is between about 70% and 100% of the normal monotherapeutic dose.
  • the normal monotherapeutic dosages of these second therapeutic agents are well known in the art. See, e.g., Wells et al., eds., Pharmacotherapy Handbook, 2nd Edition, Appleton and Lange, Stamford, Conn. (2000); PDR Pharmacopoeia, Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2000, Deluxe Edition, Tarascon Publishing, Loma Linda, Calif. (2000), each of which references are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
  • the invention provides a method of blocking the activity of dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) in a cell, comprising contacting a cell with one or more compounds of Formula I herein.
  • DPP-4 dipeptidylpeptidase-4
  • the invention provides a method of treating a patient suffering from, or susceptible to, a disease that is beneficially treated by vildagliptin comprising the step of administering to said patient an effective amount of a compound or a composition of this invention.
  • diseases are well known in the art and are disclosed in, but not limited to the following patents and published applications: WO 2000034241, WO 2005049022, WO 2003101448, WO 2002074042, WO 2006005613, WO 2005079795, WO 2007035665, WO 2007041368, WO 2004052362, WO 2003099279, WO 2005042003, and WO 2006135723.
  • Such diseases include, but are not limited to, diabetes particularly type 2 diabetes mellitus; cardiovascular disorders such as cardiac hypertrophy, cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction, pulmonary congestion and cardiac fibrosis; renal damage or impairment; hyperlipidemia and conditions associated therewith, such as CHD, ischemic stroke, restenosis after angioplasty, peripheral vascular disease, intermittent claudication, myocardial infarction (e.g.
  • necrosis and apoptosis dyslipidemia and post-prandial lipemia; a proliferative disease, especially a solid tumor disease; insulin resistance; impaired glucose metabolism; conditions of impaired glucose tolerance; conditions of impaired fasting plasma glucose; hypoglycemia; obesity; diabetic retinopathy; macular degeneration; cataracts; diabetic nephropathy; glomerulosclerosis; diabetic neuropathy; erectile dysfunction; premenstrual syndrome; coronary heart disease; hypertension; angina pectoris; skin and connective tissue disorders; foot ulcerations and ulcerative colitis; endothelial dysfunction and impaired vascular compliance; altered gastrointestinal motility; sensitivity and/or secretion disorder(s) which include, but are not limited to, heartburn, bloating, postoperative ileus, abdominal pain and discomfort, early satiety, epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, burbulence, regurgitation, intestinal pseudoobstruction, anal incontinence, GERD, IBS, dyspepsia, chronic constip
  • diabetic gastroparesis ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, ulcers and the visceral pain associated therewith
  • neurodegenerative disorders e.g., rheumatosis
  • cognitive disorders e.g., rheumatosis
  • autoimmune diseases e.g., graft rejection
  • disorders characterized by growth hormone deficiency including growth retardation and metabolic disorders as well as burns, wounds, trauma and convalescence following surgery
  • arthritis and osteoporosis .
  • the method of this invention is used to treat a patient suffering from or susceptible to a disease or condition selected from type 2 diabetes mellitus.
  • Methods delineated herein also include those wherein the patient is identified as in need of a particular stated treatment. Identifying a patient in need of such treatment can be in the judgment of a patient or a health care professional and can be subjective (e.g. opinion) or objective (e.g. measurable by a test or diagnostic method).
  • any of the above methods of treatment comprises the further step of co-administering to said patient one or more second therapeutic agents.
  • the choice of second therapeutic agent may be made from any second therapeutic agent known to be useful for co-administration with vildagliptin.
  • the choice of second therapeutic agent is also dependent upon the particular disease or condition to be treated. Examples of second therapeutic agents that may be employed in the methods of this invention are those set forth above for use in combination compositions comprising a compound of this invention and a second therapeutic agent.
  • the combination therapies of this invention include coadministering a compound of Formula I and a second therapeutic agent for treatment of the following conditions (with the particular second therapeutic agent indicated in parentheses following the indication: type 2 diabetes mellitus (metformin, a sulphonylurea, or a thiazolidinedione) .
  • type 2 diabetes mellitus metalformin, a sulphonylurea, or a thiazolidinedione
  • co-administered means that the second therapeutic agent may be administered together with a compound of this invention as part of a single dosage form (such as a composition of this invention comprising a compound of the invention and an second therapeutic agent as described above) or as separate, multiple dosage forms.
  • the additional agent may be administered prior to, consecutively with, or following the administration of a compound of this invention.
  • both the compounds of this invention and the second therapeutic agent(s) are administered by conventional methods.
  • the administration of a composition of this invention, comprising both a compound of the invention and a second therapeutic agent, to a patient does not preclude the separate administration of that same therapeutic agent, any other second therapeutic agent or any compound of this invention to said patient at another time during a course of treatment.
  • Effective amounts of these second therapeutic agents are well known to those skilled in the art and guidance for dosing may be found in patents and published patent applications referenced herein, as well as in Wells et al., eds., Pharmacotherapy Handbook, 2nd Edition, Appleton and Lange, Stamford, Conn. (2000); PDR Pharmacopoeia, Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2000, Deluxe Edition, Tarascon Publishing, Loma Linda, Calif. (2000), and other medical texts. However, it is well within the skilled artisan's purview to determine the second therapeutic agent's optimal effective-amount range.
  • the effective amount of the compound of this invention is less than its effective amount would be where the second therapeutic agent is not administered. In another embodiment, the effective amount of the second therapeutic agent is less than its effective amount would be where the compound of this invention is not administered. In this way, undesired side effects associated with high doses of either agent may be minimized. Other potential advantages (including without limitation improved dosing regimens and/or reduced drug cost) will be apparent to those of skill in the art.
  • the invention provides the use of a compound of Formula I alone or together with one or more of the above-described second therapeutic agents in the manufacture of a medicament, either as a single composition or as separate dosage forms, for treatment or prevention in a patient of a disease, disorder or symptom set forth above.
  • Another aspect of the invention is a compound of Formula I for use in the treatment or prevention in a patient of a disease, disorder or symptom thereof delineated herein.
  • kits for use to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus comprise (a) a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of Formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein said pharmaceutical composition is in a container; and (b) instructions describing a method of using the pharmaceutical composition to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus.
  • the container may be any vessel or other sealed or sealable apparatus that can hold said pharmaceutical composition.
  • Examples include bottles, ampules, divided or multi- chambered holders bottles, wherein each division or chamber comprises a single dose of said composition, a divided foil packet wherein each division comprises a single dose of said composition, or a dispenser that dispenses single doses of said composition.
  • the container can be in any conventional shape or form as known in the art which is made of a pharmaceutically acceptable material, for example a paper or cardboard box, a glass or plastic bottle or jar, a re- sealable bag (for example, to hold a "refill" of tablets for placement into a different container), or a blister pack with individual doses for pressing out of the pack according to a therapeutic schedule.
  • the container employed can depend on the exact dosage form involved, for example a conventional cardboard box would not generally be used to hold a liquid suspension. It is feasible that more than one container can be used together in a single package to market a single dosage form. For example, tablets may be contained in a bottle, which is in turn contained within a box. In one embodiment, the container is a blister pack.
  • kits of this invention may also comprise a device to administer or to measure out a unit dose of the pharmaceutical composition.
  • a device to administer or to measure out a unit dose of the pharmaceutical composition may include an inhaler if said composition is an inhalable composition; a syringe and needle if said composition is an injectable composition; a syringe, spoon, pump, or a vessel with or without volume markings if said composition is an oral liquid composition; or any other measuring or delivery device appropriate to the dosage formulation of the composition present in the kit.
  • kits of this invention may comprise in a separate vessel of container a pharmaceutical composition comprising a second therapeutic agent, such as one of those listed above for use for co-administration with a compound of this invention.
  • R 1 is selected from -CH 2 - and -CD 2 -;
  • R is 3-hydroxyadamantyl, wherein 1 to 14 hydrogen atoms in R are optionally replaced with deuterium; each Z is independently selected from hydrogen and deuterium; and when each Z is hydrogen and R does not comprise deuterium, R is -CD 2 -.
  • Preferred compounds of Formula I include those wherein each Z 2 is the same. Other preferred compounds include those wherein each Z is the same. Still other preferred compounds include those wherein each Z 4 is the same.
  • R 1 is selected from 3- hydroxyadamantyl and 3-hydroxy-di 4 -adamantyl.
  • each Z is the same; each Z is the same; each Z 4 is the same; and the compound is selected from any one of the compounds set forth in the table below
  • any atom not designated as deuterium in a compound of Formula I is present at its natural isotopic abundance.
  • Other preferred embodiments include pyrogen- free compositions comprising a compound of Formula I and an acceptable carrier.
  • the carrier is a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • Microsomal Assay Human liver microsomes (20 mg/mL) are obtained from Xenotech, LLC (Lenexa, KS). ⁇ -nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, reduced form (NADPH), magnesium chloride (MgCl 2 ), and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) are purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
  • 7.5 mM stock solutions of test compounds are prepared in DMSO.
  • the 7.5 mM stock solutions are diluted to 12.5 - 50 ⁇ M in acetonitrile (ACN).
  • ACN acetonitrile
  • the 20 mg/mL human liver microsomes are diluted to 0.625 mg/mL in 0.1 M potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7.4, containing 3 mM MgCl 2 .
  • the diluted microsomes are added to wells of a 96-well deep-well polypropylene plate in triplicate.
  • a 10 ⁇ L aliquot of the 12.5 - 50 ⁇ M test compound is added to the microsomes and the mixture is pre-warmed for 10 minutes.
  • Reactions are initiated by addition of pre-warmed NADPH solution.
  • the final reaction volume is 0.5 mL and contains 0.5 mg/mL human liver microsomes, 0.25 - 1.0 ⁇ M test compound, and 2 mM NADPH in 0.1 M potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7.4, and 3 mM MgCl 2 .
  • the reaction mixtures are incubated at 37 0 C, and 50 ⁇ L aliquots are removed at 0, 5, 10, 20, and 30 minutes and added to shallow- well 96-well plates which contain 50 ⁇ L of ice-cold ACN with internal standard to stop the reactions.
  • the plates are stored at 4 0 C for 20 minutes after which 100 ⁇ L of water is added to the wells of the plate before centrifugation to pellet precipitated proteins.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Diabetes (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Obesity (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Endocrinology (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

Cette invention porte sur de nouvelles cyanopyrrolidines substituées, sur leurs dérivés et sur leurs sels pharmaceutiquement acceptables. Cette invention porte également sur des compositions comprenant un composé de cette invention et sur l'utilisation de telles compositions dans des procédés de traitement de maladies et d'affections qui sont traitées de façon utile par l'administration d'un inhibiteur de la dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4).
PCT/US2009/047596 2008-06-19 2009-06-17 Dérivés substitués de cyanopyrrolidine Ceased WO2009155309A1 (fr)

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US61/074,008 2008-06-19

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Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2000034241A1 (fr) * 1998-12-10 2000-06-15 Novartis Ag 2-cyanopyrrolidines n-substitues

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2000034241A1 (fr) * 1998-12-10 2000-06-15 Novartis Ag 2-cyanopyrrolidines n-substitues

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