WO2009156700A2 - Garniture d'embrayage a sec procede de fabrication associe - Google Patents
Garniture d'embrayage a sec procede de fabrication associe Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2009156700A2 WO2009156700A2 PCT/FR2009/051234 FR2009051234W WO2009156700A2 WO 2009156700 A2 WO2009156700 A2 WO 2009156700A2 FR 2009051234 W FR2009051234 W FR 2009051234W WO 2009156700 A2 WO2009156700 A2 WO 2009156700A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- equal
- coating
- clutch
- less
- radical polymerization
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
- F16D69/02—Composition of linings ; Methods of manufacturing
- F16D69/025—Compositions based on an organic binder
- F16D69/026—Compositions based on an organic binder containing fibres
Definitions
- the subject of the present invention is a dry clutch lining and an associated manufacturing method.
- dry clutch means a transmission coupling member in a kinematic chain, for example to equip a motor vehicle, operating in the air.
- a dry clutch comprises at least one reaction plate and at least one pressure plate, where each of these plates is connected in rotation directly or indirectly with a shaft of an engine, for example by means of a flywheel.
- clutch disc rotatably connected to a shaft of a gearbox on at least one side of which is fixed a dry clutch lining.
- This lining is intended to rub on at least one of the aforementioned trays to ensure continuity of the drive train and to allow transmission of the engine torque to the gearbox when the coupling between these bodies is longed for.
- the usual dry clutch linings comprise a layer of friction material based on fibers mixed with at least one organic component. They are usually in the form of a ring. They can be coated with layers of other constituents, for example by anti-corrosion layers, dust-proof layers, reinforcement layers on a face opposite to the face intended to contact a reaction or pressure plate.
- the kinematic transfer between two friction parts is directly related to the coefficient of friction, ⁇ , between these parts. This depends strongly on the surface condition of each of these pieces. In general, it is desired to obtain a coefficient of friction that is preferably high and as stable as possible over time in order to precisely control the kinematic chain.
- DE 100 02 261 A1 proposes an acrylate-based coating comprising abrasive fillers, such as quartz, silica gel, silicates and ceramics in the form of oxides.
- abrasive fillers such as quartz, silica gel, silicates and ceramics in the form of oxides.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a dry clutch lining which does not have the aforementioned drawbacks and makes it possible to obtain at the same time a coefficient of friction which is rapidly raised and to avoid chatter.
- This goal is achieved through a clutch lining to dry, to be fixed to a dry clutch support disc and to rub with a reaction plate or a pressure plate of said clutch, wherein said gasket comprises a layer of friction material based on fibers mixed with at least an organic component and at least one constituent capable of being electrostatically charged, and whose face intended to contact the reaction plate or the pressure plate is covered with a coating consisting of the following components, expressed as a percentage by weight : polymer obtained by radical polymerization, in particular photoinitiated polymerization, of pre-polymers comprising reactive functional groups consisting of unsaturated polyesters: from 90 to 100%; - abrasive fillers: less than or equal to 1%;
- 'Constituent capable of being electrostatically charged means any component which is conductive or liable to retain electrical charges.
- metal components for example in the form of fibers or powders, carbon charges, certain polymers having dipoles.
- Unsaturated polyesters polyesters comprising unsaturated bonds, for example in the form of C-bonds or, for example, of ethylenic bonds.
- abrasive loads means loads that may abrade the contact surface of a tray; these are loads of hard materials that lead to an increase in the coefficient of friction compared to a coating of the same composition which would be lacking.
- lamellar charges loads whose structure of components consists of planes where the strength of the chemical bonds is much lower between planes compared to the strength of the bonds in these planes; such loads are likely to promote sliding and have a moderate effect on the coefficient of friction, or very little effect if their volume quantity in the material is less than 3%.
- the amount of lamellar fillers expressed as a mass percentage of the coating, is less than or equal to 5%, or even less than or equal to 2%.
- the amount of inert fillers is less than or equal to 5%, or even less than or equal to 2%.
- the “fillers” are materials in the form of powders, the average size of which is for example between 1 and 50 ⁇ m, for example greater than 5 ⁇ m and / or less than 30 ⁇ m.
- the selection of the components of the coating according to the invention makes it possible to obtain the desired properties and it is noted that this coating comprises very little or no abrasive load, unlike the coating according to DE 100 02 261 A1.
- It may comprise a moderate amount of lamellar fillers and / or a relatively small amount of inert fillers.
- These double bonds can then participate in a radical polymerization reaction, optionally in the presence of one or more co-polymerizable monomers.
- co-polymerizable monomers include vinyl monomers such as styrene, vinyl toluene or vinyl acetate, acrylic monomers such as methyl methacrylate, or polyunsaturated monomers such as phthalate. of diallyl or triallyl cyanurate.
- This radical polymerization reaction results in the establishment of bonds between unsaturated polyester chains, i.e., a crosslinked structure.
- the polymer obtained by radical polymerization of Prepolymers described above is therefore a crosslinked polyester resin.
- prepolymers comprising other reactive functions than those consisting of unsaturated polyesters may be mixed with prepolymers comprising reactive functional groups consisting of unsaturated polyesters to form the polymer obtained by radical polymerization of prepolymers comprising reactive functions. made of unsaturated polyesters.
- prepolymers comprising acrylic reactive functional groups may be mixed with the prepolymers comprising reactive functional groups consisting of unsaturated polyesters and part of the polymerization reaction may be carried out between these two types of pre-polymers. polymers.
- the polymerization reaction is mainly derived from the bonds that are established between the unsaturated polyester chains to form the polymer obtained by radical polymerization of pre-polymers comprising reactive functional groups made of unsaturated polyesters according to the invention.
- the initiation of the radical polymerization of the double bonds contained in the unsaturated polyesters can be carried out using any radical initiator known to those skilled in the art, this initiator is preferably chosen from among the photoinitiator initiators.
- activatable that is to say the radical polymerization of unsaturated prepolymers is preferably a photoinitiated radical polymerization.
- Such crosslinked polyester resins are known for a person skilled in the art.
- Orthophthalic resins containing units derived from acid or orthophthalic anhydride
- isophthalic resins containing units derived from acid or orthophthalic anhydride
- terephthalic resins containing units derived from terephthalic acid or anhydride
- methyl methacrylate resins crosslinked in the presence of methyl methacrylate
- tetrachlorophthalic anhydride resins resins containing units derived from tetrachlorophthalic anhydride
- chlorinated diol resins or bromine resins containing units derived from chlorinated or brominated diols.
- a lining according to the invention may further comprise one or more of the following optional features, considered individually or according to all possible combinations:
- the pre-polymers comprising reactive functional groups consisting of unsaturated polyesters are chosen, alone or in combination, from the list consisting of the following components: orthophthalic resins; isophthalic resins; methyl methacrylate resins; terephthalic resins; tetrachlorophthalic anhydride resins; chlorinated or brominated diol resins; the polymer obtained by photoinitiated radical polymerization of prepolymers comprising reactive functional groups consisting of unsaturated polyester is combined with prepolymers lacking reactive functional groups consisting of unsaturated polyesters, for example chosen, alone or in combination, from the list; consisting of the following components: polyurethane resins, especially with vinyl ether functions and / or with vinyl ester functions; polyester resins, especially polyester acrylates; epoxy resins; polyimide resins; the coating has a glass transition temperature T g , of between 60 ° C.
- the coating has infra-red absorption bands whose absorption maxima lie between 1700 and 1800 cm- 1 and between 700 and 750 cm- 1 ;
- the abrasive fillers are chosen, alone or in combination, from the list consisting of the following compounds: Al 2 O 3 ; SiO 2 ; SiC; BaSO 4 ; ZrSiO 4 ; CeO 2 ; iron oxides; the presence of abrasive fillers has the effect of making the coating more rubbing;
- the lamellar fillers are chosen, alone or in combination, from the list consisting of the following compounds: graphite; phylosilicates (including talc); MoS 2 ;
- the inert fillers are chosen, alone or in combination, from the list consisting of the following compounds: organic and / or inorganic pigments, for example Ti
- the thickness of the coating is between 10 ⁇ m and 100 ⁇ m, for example greater than or equal to 20 ⁇ m, and / or for example less than or equal to 60 ⁇ m.
- the invention also relates to a dry clutch comprising a reaction plate and a pressure plate comprising at least one dry clutch lining according to the invention and specified above.
- the invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a dry clutch lining, intended to be fixed on a support disk of a dry clutch and to rubbing with a reaction plate or a pressure plate of said clutch, which comprises the following steps:
- step 2) of coating by a mixture comprises the following sub-steps:
- the radical polymerization step 2c) may be preceded by a pre-polymer melting step, obtained in particular by infra-red heating.
- the powders of stage 2a) have a median diameter of between 20 and 50 ⁇ m. It is noted that several faces, or even all, of a lining according to the invention can be coated with the coating mentioned. This advantageously results in a dust-proof coating.
- Mixtures of two component compositions according to the invention have been supplied in the form of powders with a median diameter of between 20 and 50 ⁇ m.
- a mixture is then called according to the first composition "COMPO 1" and a mixture according to the second composition "COMPO 2".
- the first composition "COMPO 1" comprises polyesters-acrylates and polyurethanes.
- the second composition "COMPO 2" comprises polyesters-acrylates.
- Friction F820 DS as well as commercial reference F830 DS.
- the electrostatic powdering can be performed using electrostatic or triboelectric guns.
- the powder particles are pneumatically transported from a reservoir to the gun where they acquire electrostatic charge by friction on a suitable material or in contact with a "corona" discharge electrode which operates at a potential of about 10 to 100 kV.
- the particles thus projected adhere to the substrate by electrostatic interactions.
- the coated surface of said powders is then heated by Infra Red, so as to melt the powders.
- Samples corresponding to a comparative example were made according to the teaching of DE 100 02 261 A1 with an acrylic lacquer containing abrasive fillers, called "LACRY” deposited on clutch lining without coating, F820DS and F830DS.
- Figures 1 to 8 represent the variation of different parameters measured with examples according to the invention and comparative examples.
- the curves represented with the same numerical references correspond to identical curves.
- Figures 1 to 3 show Infra Red (IR) spectra obtained by measuring clad fragments extracted from the surface of the lining samples manufactured above.
- IR Infra Red
- FIG. 1 corresponds to an IR spectrum, 10, of a sample according to the invention, obtained with a "COMPO 1" type coating.
- FIG. 2 corresponds to an IR spectrum, 20, of a sample according to the invention, obtained with a coating of "COMPO 2" type.
- FIG. 3 corresponds to an IR spectrum, 30, of a sample of a comparative example obtained with a "LACRY” type coating.
- the spectra 10 and 20 are very similar and include each of the IR absorption bands whose absorption maxima lie one hand between 1700 and 1800 cm "1, particularly around 1710 to 1720 cm" 1 , and on the other hand lie between 700 and 750 cm -1 , especially around 725 cm -1 .
- IR absorption bands whose absorption maxima are between 820 and 880 cm -1 and between 1010 and 1050 cm -1 .
- the IR spectrum, 30, is very significantly different from the two previous ones, and in particular does not reveal an IR absorption band whose maxima is between 700 and 750 cm -1, without wishing to be bound to any scientific theory. It may be thought that for the coating according to the invention, obtained by photoinitiated radical polymerization of prepolymers comprising reactive functional groups consisting of unsaturated polyesters, the characteristic bands are as follows: between 1700 and 1800 cm ⁇ : unsaturated carbonyl groups between 700 and 750 cm 1 , especially around
- the coatings of the examples according to the invention have a glass transition temperature, Tg, of between 60 ° C. and 100 ° C.
- the glass transition temperature is measured by analysis with a differential scanning calorimeter
- the free surface of the sample coating obtained with "LACRY" is smooth and the interface between the coating and the friction material is substantially flat.
- Figures 4 and 5 show the evolution of the coefficient of friction with linings according to the invention and with comparative examples.
- the conditions for measuring the friction correspond to simulations of starts during the running-in phase of the clutch lining.
- the coefficient of friction, ⁇ is measured as a function of the number of engagement cycles, N.
- the commitments are made at low energy, substantially at 15 kJ, and at low temperature, substantially at 60 0 C.
- fat is deposited on the surface of against-materials on which rub trim.
- the presence of grease is commonly used to protect the materials of the trays, forming counter-materials, from corrosion. In the examples reported, it was applied around 1 mg / cm 2 of fat on the counter material.
- FIG. 4 shows the evolution of the coefficient of friction under the conditions mentioned above, for samples according to the invention, EX 1 in curve 14 and EX 2 in curve 15, and for a comparative sample EC 1 in FIG. curve 44. It can be seen that the uncoated sample EC1, 44 has a low coefficient of friction for more than 100 engagements while the samples according to the invention, EX1, 14 and EX2, 15, make it possible to reach coefficients of friction greater than 0.25 from no more than 10 commitments.
- FIG. 5 shows the evolution of the coefficient of friction under the conditions mentioned above for samples according to the invention of different composition and of the same thickness, EX 1 in curve 14 and EX 3 in curve 24 and for the sample comparative EC1 curve 44.
- Figures 6 to 8 relate to vehicle grazing measurements.
- An operator trained to characterize the chatter of a clutch on a vehicle, assigns a "comfort rating", ranging from 4 to 8, where 8 corresponds to a sensation of great comfort and 4 to a feeling of bad comfort.
- the test is performed both on a flat track in order to simulate current starts and on a track inclined by 12% to simulate severe starting conditions.
- a plurality of commitments is made at different engine speeds, for example at idle, at 1000 rpm, 1200 rpm.
- Commitments are also made to variable torque, ranging from low to medium and maximum torque close to the limit of wheel slip.
- Commitments are made in first, second and reverse gear. The operator is thus likely to assign a comfort rating to discern the grazing ability of a clutch.
- the grazing measures are represented as a distribution of the ratings assigned under the different test conditions, ranging from 0 to 100%.
- FIG. 6 represents a grazing measurement for a packing according to the invention, EX1, graph 16, compared with a comparative example of packing F820DS without coating EC1, graph 46.
- the roughness of the counter material is strong, with Ra between 4 and 6 ⁇ m. It is found that in about 10% of cases, comfort is considered very bad (score of 4) with ECl, average in about 10% of cases (score of 6) and good or very good in the rest of the cases (score of 7). or 8). With a liner according to the invention, there are no more cases where comfort is noted very bad.
- FIG. 7 represents a chatter measurement for a packing according to the invention, EX1, graph 17, compared to a comparative example of packing F820DS devoid of coating EC1, graph 47.
- the roughness of the counter material is low, with Ra less than 1 ⁇ m.
- the comfort is improved with a filling according to the invention, EX1 in comparison with trim F820DS without coating ECl. In more than 80% of cases, the comfort is considered good or very good with a filling according to the invention, EXl.
- FIG. 8 represents a chatter measurement for a lining according to the invention EX4, graph 18, a lining with a coating of the "LACRY” type, EC2, graph 38 and a linerless lining EC3, graph 48.
- the material against is of low roughness, with Ra less than 1 micron.
- an uncoated F830 DS liner, EC3, 48 exhibits in these conditions an average grazing behavior and that this behavior is markedly improved with such a lining coated according to the invention EX4, 18.
- a coating according to the invention makes it possible both to rapidly obtain friction coefficients that prevent slippage and are stable, while avoiding the phenomena of chatter.
- a clutch lining comprising the lining according to the invention is therefore particularly suitable for meeting the design requirements of an efficient and comfortable clutch.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Braking Arrangements (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SK128-2010A SK288491B6 (sk) | 2008-06-27 | 2009-06-26 | Obloženie suchej spojky a spôsob výroby |
| CN200980110065.9A CN101978191B (zh) | 2008-06-27 | 2009-06-26 | 干式离合器衬里及相关制造方法 |
| DE112009001546.8T DE112009001546B4 (de) | 2008-06-27 | 2009-06-26 | Trockenkupplungsbelag und zugehöriges Herstellungsverfahren |
| MX2010014011A MX2010014011A (es) | 2008-06-27 | 2009-06-26 | Revestimiento de embrague seco y fabricacion asociada. |
| BRPI0910242A BRPI0910242A2 (pt) | 2008-06-27 | 2009-06-26 | guarnição de embreagem a seco e processo de fabricação da mesma. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0854332 | 2008-06-27 | ||
| FR0854332A FR2933159B1 (fr) | 2008-06-27 | 2008-06-27 | Garniture d'embrayage a sec - procede de fabrication associe |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2009156700A2 true WO2009156700A2 (fr) | 2009-12-30 |
| WO2009156700A3 WO2009156700A3 (fr) | 2010-02-18 |
Family
ID=40340570
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR2009/051234 Ceased WO2009156700A2 (fr) | 2008-06-27 | 2009-06-26 | Garniture d'embrayage a sec procede de fabrication associe |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| KR (1) | KR101601998B1 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN101978191B (fr) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0910242A2 (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE112009001546B4 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2933159B1 (fr) |
| MX (1) | MX2010014011A (fr) |
| SK (1) | SK288491B6 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2009156700A2 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2015155435A1 (fr) | 2014-04-11 | 2015-10-15 | Valeo Materiaux De Friction | Procede de traitement perfectionne d'une surface d'un element de friction |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2015074655A1 (fr) * | 2013-11-19 | 2015-05-28 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Ensemble piston-cylindre pour unité de débrayage, en particulier pour maître-cylindre d'un moyen d'actionnement d'embrayage hydraulique |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5531021U (fr) * | 1978-08-19 | 1980-02-28 | ||
| JPS59200826A (ja) * | 1983-04-28 | 1984-11-14 | Aisin Chem Co Ltd | 摩擦材 |
| FR2679971B1 (fr) | 1991-08-01 | 1997-09-05 | Valeo | Garniture d'embrayage a frottement a sec, sans amiante. |
| DE10002261A1 (de) * | 1999-01-26 | 2000-07-27 | Luk Lamellen & Kupplungsbau | Reibungskupplung oder Bremse |
| JP2000219750A (ja) * | 1999-02-02 | 2000-08-08 | Akebono Brake Ind Co Ltd | ブレーキ用摩擦材 |
| FR2836970B1 (fr) * | 2002-03-05 | 2005-04-29 | Valeo | Procede de fabrication d'une garniture de friction en forme de couronne dont le materiau de friction comporte des fibres, moule d'injection pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede, et garniture de friction ainsi obtenue |
| JP2007045860A (ja) | 2005-08-05 | 2007-02-22 | Dainatsukusu:Kk | 湿式摩擦材の製造方法 |
| FR2891333B1 (fr) | 2005-09-29 | 2009-12-11 | Valeo Materiaux De Friction | Garniture d'embrayage a coefficient de frottement ameliore |
| CN101046233A (zh) * | 2006-03-31 | 2007-10-03 | 曙制动器工业株式会社 | 制动构件及粘结方法 |
| EP1876368B1 (fr) | 2006-07-08 | 2010-12-15 | ZF Friedrichshafen AG | Procédé de fabrication d'une disque d'embrayage et une disque d'embrayage |
| FR2906859B1 (fr) * | 2006-10-04 | 2009-06-05 | Valeo Materiaux De Friction Sa | Surcuisson garniture de friction. |
-
2008
- 2008-06-27 FR FR0854332A patent/FR2933159B1/fr active Active
-
2009
- 2009-06-26 MX MX2010014011A patent/MX2010014011A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2009-06-26 SK SK128-2010A patent/SK288491B6/sk not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2009-06-26 DE DE112009001546.8T patent/DE112009001546B4/de active Active
- 2009-06-26 CN CN200980110065.9A patent/CN101978191B/zh active Active
- 2009-06-26 KR KR1020107029183A patent/KR101601998B1/ko active Active
- 2009-06-26 BR BRPI0910242A patent/BRPI0910242A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2009-06-26 WO PCT/FR2009/051234 patent/WO2009156700A2/fr not_active Ceased
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2015155435A1 (fr) | 2014-04-11 | 2015-10-15 | Valeo Materiaux De Friction | Procede de traitement perfectionne d'une surface d'un element de friction |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2933159B1 (fr) | 2010-09-10 |
| DE112009001546B4 (de) | 2021-08-05 |
| WO2009156700A3 (fr) | 2010-02-18 |
| BRPI0910242A2 (pt) | 2015-09-29 |
| SK1282010A3 (sk) | 2011-02-04 |
| KR101601998B1 (ko) | 2016-03-09 |
| MX2010014011A (es) | 2011-02-15 |
| SK288491B6 (sk) | 2017-09-04 |
| CN101978191A (zh) | 2011-02-16 |
| FR2933159A1 (fr) | 2010-01-01 |
| KR20110028465A (ko) | 2011-03-18 |
| CN101978191B (zh) | 2014-09-03 |
| DE112009001546T5 (de) | 2011-05-05 |
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