WO2010034749A2 - Dispositif de régulation de flux et procédé de régulation d’une couche limite de fluide sur une aube d’éolienne rotative - Google Patents

Dispositif de régulation de flux et procédé de régulation d’une couche limite de fluide sur une aube d’éolienne rotative Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010034749A2
WO2010034749A2 PCT/EP2009/062337 EP2009062337W WO2010034749A2 WO 2010034749 A2 WO2010034749 A2 WO 2010034749A2 EP 2009062337 W EP2009062337 W EP 2009062337W WO 2010034749 A2 WO2010034749 A2 WO 2010034749A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
blade
control device
flow
flow control
anyone
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2009/062337
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English (en)
Other versions
WO2010034749A3 (fr
Inventor
Ian Chatting
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vestas Wind Systems AS
Original Assignee
Vestas Wind Systems AS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Vestas Wind Systems AS filed Critical Vestas Wind Systems AS
Publication of WO2010034749A2 publication Critical patent/WO2010034749A2/fr
Publication of WO2010034749A3 publication Critical patent/WO2010034749A3/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/022—Adjusting aerodynamic properties of the blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/0256—Stall control
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/04—Automatic control; Regulation
    • F03D7/042—Automatic control; Regulation by means of an electrical or electronic controller
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to a flow control device for a wind turbine generator blade comprising at least one flow effector for affecting a fluid boundary layer at said wind turbine generator blade, and where the at least one flow effector is movable between a retracted position and a projected position. Moreover, the invention relates to a method of controlling a fluid boundary layer on a rotating wind turbine blade comprising at least one movable flow effector. The invention also relates to a wind turbine generator comprising the flow control device and use of the flow control device.
  • the flaps function by breaking a boundary layer flowing on the surface of the turbine blade and provides a turbulent flow behind the flaps. Moreover, forming a turbulent flow in a zone on one surface of the turbine blade may serve to improve a laminar flow on the other surface of the turbine blade. Thus, if flaps are located on the pressure side of a wind turbine blade adjacent to the trailing edge, the turbulent flow formed by the flaps, may result in a more stable flow on the suction side of the turbine blade and thereby serve to avoid stall.
  • the flow is called "attached" when it flows over the surface from the leading edge to the trailing edge.
  • the angle of attack exceeds a certain critical angle
  • the flow on the suction side of the turbine blade does not reach the trailing edge, but leaves the blade surface at a separation zone. Beyond this zone, the flow direction is reversed, i.e. it flows from the trailing edge backward to the zone of separation. This effect is known as stall. Stall dramatically reduces the lift of the turbine blade, and hence the power produced by the wind turbine, and thereby the economy of the wind turbine.
  • Flaps have been installed on wind turbine blades as static flaps or alternatively as movable flaps, that can be moved by use of wires, hinges or other mechanical devices.
  • US 7,028,954 B2 discloses microfabhcated translational stages for control of aerodynamic loading.
  • the disclosed micro-electro-mechanical translation tabs serves as slidable flaps in a blade, whereby the load on the blade can be adjusted by either extending or extracting the tabs from the surface of the blade.
  • the system requires complicated control devices and is still rather costly to install in a wind turbine blade.
  • an objective of the present invention is to provide a flow control device for a wind turbine blade, which is uncomplicated in use and furthermore is easy to manufacture and install in a wind turbine blade.
  • the invention relates to a flow control device for a wind turbine generator blade comprising at least one flow effector for affecting a fluid boundary layer at said wind turbine generator blade, said flow control device comprising an actuator adapted to actuate said at least one flow effector between a retracted and a projected position as a result of the air pressure on at least one surface of the wind turbine generator blade.
  • the invention provides a flow control device that utilizes the air pressure on at least one side of the wind turbine generator blade (in the following referred to as the blade) to optimize the performance of the wind turbine by affecting the boundary layer on the blade when required.
  • a flow effecter can be projected from the surface of the blade to affect the boundary layer on the surface of the blade and when the action of the flow effector is no longer required, the flow effector can be retracted entirely into the internal part of the blade and no longer affect the boundary layer on the surface of the blade.
  • the flow effector may be fully or partly retracted into the blade.
  • the projection or retraction of the blade is performed by the action of an actuator that may be adapted to utilize the air pressure on the surface of the blade with which the actuator may be adapted to communicate with. Consequently, a simple and cost effective device with few mechanical parts is provided for optimizing the performance of a blade.
  • the flow effector is in one embodiment retractable and projectable in a direction substantially perpendicular to the surface of the blade.
  • the flow control device forms a barhere in the boundary layer that functions very effectively, which at the same time can be manufactured in an uncomplicated manner and subsequently placed in a blade.
  • the flow effector is located in the surface of the blade opposite to the surface of the blade with which the actuator communicates.
  • the flow effector is located in the surface of the blade constituting the pressure side, then it will be the air pressure on the surface constituting the suction side of the blade that affects the air pressure mechanism.
  • This particular embodiment may advantageously be utilized to minimize the risk of stall.
  • the flow effector is located in the surface of the blade corresponding to the surface of the blade with which the actuator communicates.
  • Such an embodiment may e.g. be used to regulate the speed of rotating blades in a wind turbine.
  • the two embodiments in a blade to obtain stall and/or speed regulation properties in the blade.
  • the flow control device is located near or at the trailing edge of the blade.
  • the turbulent flow created by the flow effector will then appear near or just after the trailing edge and may serve to improve an attached flow on a blade on the surface opposite to the surface with the flow effector.
  • a flow control device which is capable of forming an effective barhere to the flow along a surface of a blade it is preferred that the flow effector can be projected over the surface over the blade with an projection corresponding to 0-10% of the chord of the blade.
  • the projection is 0% the flow effector is fully extracted and does not affect the airflow over the blade.
  • a projection of the flow effector in a range of e.g. 1 -10% of the chord of the blade a barrier is formed for the airflow and an effective turbulent flow can be formed when the blade is in use in a wind turbine.
  • the chord of the blade refers to the distance between the leading edge and trailing edge of the blade measured in the direction of the normal airflow.
  • the flow effector has a simple geometrical shape, preferably the shape of a rectangular plate.
  • Naturally other shapes may be used e.g. a curved or a partly curved shape.
  • a rectangular plate will simply function as a flap when mounted in a blade and, furthermore, the flow effector will be very simple to manufacture.
  • the longest extension of the plate should be placed in a direction from the hub to the tip of the blade and preferably with the longest extension being substantially parallel with the trailing edge of the blade. In this manner the flow effector may form a long unbroken barrier on the surface of a blade.
  • the flow effector is manufactured from a metallic material, such as aluminum or stainless steel.
  • the flow effector may also be manufactured from a polymer material, corresponding to the polymer material of the blade.
  • the actuator is preferably operated by air pressure.
  • the actuator may be based on a flexible membrane, bellow, balloon or similar, in an embodiment of the flow control device, the actuator comprises a piston in a housing.
  • the air pressure driven actuator it is desirable that the rim of the piston is in airtight connection with the walls of the housing and that the piston is slidable along the walls of the housing.
  • the air pressure driven actuator can, in principle, be seen as a simple piston pump, and it will function in a manner similar to a piston pump.
  • the housing may be cylindrical or have other desired shapes, it is preferred that the housing has the shape of a box, that makes it easy to fit in a recess in a blade.
  • the housing may be manufactured from various materials, e.g. metallic materials like aluminum or stainless steel or polymer materials.
  • the piston may be manufactured in similar materials.
  • the piston is connected to the flow effector at one side.
  • the other side of the piston is communicating with a chamber formed by the housing and the piston.
  • the chamber has a connection, e.g. a duct to one surface of the blade, so that the air pressure in the chamber can be adjusted, optionally by use of a valve, to correspond to the air pressure on the surface of the blade.
  • the piston will move to equalize the difference in the air pressures and by that movement the piston will move the flow effector to a projected or a retracted position.
  • the air pressure in the chamber is lower, the flow effector will be in a retracted position and when the air pressure in the chamber is higher, the flow effector will be in a projected position.
  • the piston is connected with one or more pressure regulating devices.
  • the pressure regulating device may be pneumatical, hydraulical, elastic or mechanical.
  • the pressure regulating device is mechanical and preferably a spring. This embodiment is a very simple and cost effective way to provide a pressure regulating device.
  • the housing that comprises the piston connected with the flow effector and optionally the pressure regulating device forms a replaceable unit.
  • a replaceable unit is easy to mount in e.g. a pre-prepared recess in a blade. It is also easy to replace the unit in the blade when the flow control device has a malfunction or is worn out.
  • the flow control device comprises several replaceable units. This particular embodiment provides the option to have several flow effectors placed in a blade. The several flow effectors may be adjusted to function in the same way or adjusted individually to function in different ways, e.g. having different extension in response to a specific air pressure.
  • the flow control device may comprise a control device for controlling the pressure in the air pressure driven actuator.
  • the control device may e.g. be a computer connected with one or more sensors, e.g. conventional pressure sensors, MEM's (micro-electromechanical sensors) or surface mounted pressure pads, and one or more valves.
  • the control device may then regulate the pressure in the actuator e.g. in response to a change in the air pressure on one surface of the blade or the speed of the rotating blade.
  • the control device may also comprise means to fix the flow effector in a desired position, e.g. an retracted position.
  • the invention in a second aspect, relates to a method of controlling a fluid boundary layer on a rotating wind turbine blade comprising at least one movable flow effector connected with an actuator, said method comprises the step of: allowing the actuator to move the movable flow effector between a retracted and a projected position in accordance with the air pressure on the at least one surface of the blade.
  • the method utilizes the air pressure on the rotating blade of a wind turbine to control the flow on the surface of the blade by letting the air pressure on a surface of the blade control the movement of the actuator which moves the movable flow effector. It is thus clear that the method requires only a few and relatively simple parts to function and control the flow on a surface of a rotating blade.
  • the actuator is preferably pressure driven and may communicate with the surface of the blade via a duct, which is relatively simple to establish within the blade. The method is easy to perform and at the same time cost-effective.
  • the method preferably comprises the further steps of establishing communication between at least one surface of the wind turbine blade and the actuator, and allowing the pressure on the at least one surface of the wind turbine blade to affect the actuator.
  • the actuator will move the flow effector between a retracted and a projected position in accordance with the pressure on the surface of the blade.
  • an embodiment of the method comprises the further step of controlling the air pressure that affects the pressure driven mechanism.
  • the air pressure may be controlled by a computer connected with sensors and valves.
  • the valves may be located in the duct that establishes the communication between the pressure driven actuator and the surface of the blade.
  • the flow effector is retracted or projected in a direction substantially perpendicular to the surface of the blade.
  • Such an embodiment provides for the establishment of an effective barrier for the flow and formation of a turbulent flow.
  • the flow effector has the shape of a rectangular plate, and preferably the major surfaces of the plate are substantially parallel with the trailing edge of the blade. This embodiment provides for a high impact on the flow on the surface of the blade and thereby an effective control of the flow when the flow effector is in a projected position.
  • the actuator may comprise a piston in a housing and functions corresponding to a piston pump as previously described.
  • the flow effector may be located on both the suction side and the pressure side of the blade, according to a preferred embodiment the flow effector is located on the pressure side of the blade.
  • the flow effector may thus be located near the trailing edge and thereby serve to improve the flow on the suction side of the blade.
  • the actuator communicates with the suction side of the blade.
  • the air pressure on the suction side determines the projection or retraction of the flow effector. Accordingly the flow effector is moved to a retracted position when the pressure on the suction side of the blade is high, and similarly the flow effector is moved to a projected position when the pressure on the suction side is low. Consequently, the flow on the suction side can be improved.
  • the movement to a projected position is affected by one or more pressure regulating devices.
  • the pressure regulating devices may facilitate or inhibit the movement to the projected position.
  • the pressure-regulating device is preferably mounted in connection with the pressure driven mechanism.
  • the pressure regulating device may be pneumatical, hydraulical, elastic or mechanical.
  • the pressure regulating device is mechanical and preferably a spring. This embodiment is a very simple and cost effective way to provide a pressure regulating device.
  • the invention relates to a wind turbine generator comprising a flow control device as described above.
  • the invention relates to use of a flow control device as described above for controlling the air flow on a rotating rotor blade in a wind turbine plant.
  • Fig 1 diagrammatically illustrates a wind turbine generator blade
  • Fig 2 diagrammatically illustrates a perspective partly view of a wind turbine generator blade
  • Fig 3 diagrammatically illustrates a cross section of a wind generator blade comprising a pressure driven mechanism
  • a wind turbine blade is defined as having two surfaces, the suction side, where the pressure becomes lower when the blade rotates, and the pressure side where the pressure becomes higher when the blade rotates. Moreover, the blade has two edges denoted the leading edge (first edge in the direction of rotation) and the trailing edge.
  • Fig 1 illustrates a wind turbine generator blade 1 having a leading edge 2, a trailing edge 3, a suction side 4 and a pressure side 7 (not shown in the figure).
  • the wind turbine generator blade 1 comprises an air pressure communication system 14 e.g. comprising a duct system.
  • the duct system communicates with an opening 14a positioned on the suction side 4 of the blade near the leading edge 2.
  • the duct system 14 communicates with pressure-operated actuators (not visible in Fig 1 ) within the blade. These pressure-operated actuators also communicate with the pressure side of the blade. In this manner the pressure difference between the suction side 4 and the pressure side 7 of the wind turbine generator blade can be utilized to operate the actuators, and thereby project or retract a flow control device e.g. a flap.
  • a flow control device e.g. a flap.
  • Fig 2 illustrates part of a wind turbine generator blade 1 with a flow effector 5 positioned in a recess in the pressure side 7 of the blade.
  • the wind turbine generator blade 1 comprises a flow effector 5 positioned in a housing 8 having a pressure inlet 9.
  • the flow effector 5 has a T-profiled cross section that has an extension in the wind turbine generator blade 1 in the pressure side 7.
  • the T-profiled cross section extends in a substantially perpendicular direction of the surface of the pressure side 7.
  • the flow effector 5 elongates substantially parallel to at least part of the trailing edge 3.
  • the T- shaped profile 5 and the housing 8 together forms an actuator, which can move the flow effector 5 between a retracted and a projected position.
  • Fig 2 illustrates the flow effector 5 in a partly projected position.
  • Fig 3A and 3B illustrate a cross section of a wind generator blade 1 with an actuator.
  • the actuator comprises a housing 8 with a pressure inlet 9 and a piston 10.
  • a flow effector 5 is connected with the piston 10 and also positioned in the housing 8.
  • the piston 10 is connected with the flow effector 5 such that the rim of the piston 10 is in airtight connection with the walls of the housing 8.
  • the piston 10 is, thus, able to move the flow effector 5 between a retracted position shown in Figure 3A and a projected position shown in Figure 3B.
  • the rectangular part of the T-profile projects out of the pressure side 7 forming a barrier for airflow.
  • the maximum projected position of the flow effector 5 corresponds to approximately 10% of the chord of the wind turbine generator blade and the flow effector 5 may be projectable in a range of 0- 10% of the chord of the blade.
  • the projection is 0% the flow effector 5 is in an extracted position and does not affect the airflow over the blade 1.
  • the projection of the flow effector 5 is in a range of e.g. 1-10% of the chord of the blade a barhere is formed for the airflow and an effective turbulent flow is formed.
  • the maximum projected position is 45 mm and, thus, the barrier formed by the flow effector 5 will have a height of 45 mm in relation to the surface of the pressure side 7 of the blade 1.
  • the pressure inlet 9 of the housing 8 is in a mounted position in a wind tower generator connected to a pressure measuring system such that a change in the pressure difference between the suction side 4 and the pressure side 7 may cause a pressure change in a pressure chamber 13.
  • the pressure chamber is made up of the housing 8 and one surface of the piston
  • the piston 10 is connected with a number of pressure regulating devices 11 in form of springs. In this way a pressure change in the chamber 13 leads to either a contraction or an extension of the springs such that the piston 10 is moved slidable along the walls of the housing 8.
  • the housing 8 is mounted by re-moveable mounting means 15 e.g. screws such that the housing 8 easily can be replaced.
  • the fluid boundary layer around the wind generator blade 1 can have different forms depending on the wind speed and the position of the flow effector 5.
  • the flow effector 5 When the flow effector 5 is in the retracted position no particular changes of the fluid boundary layer takes place. In a preferred embodiment this is the optimum position when the wind speed is above approximately 8m/s, whereas when the wind speed is below approximately 8m/s, e.g. approximately 4-8m/s, the optimum position of the flow effector is in a projected position to avoid stall.
  • the wind speed is generally measured at the top of the nacelle and the speed of the rotating blades is a function of the wind speed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

L’invention se rapporte à un dispositif de régulation de flux pour une aube de génératrice éolienne comprenant au moins un effecteur de flux servant à influer sur une couche limite de fluide sur ladite aube de génératrice éolienne, ledit ou lesdits effecteurs de flux pouvant se déplacer entre une position rétractée et une position en saillie. Le dispositif de régulation de flux comprend en outre au moins un actionneur conçu pour rétracter ledit effecteur de flux ou pour l’amener à faire saillie, ledit actionneur étant conçu pour communiquer avec la pression d’air sur au moins une surface de l’aube de génératrice éolienne. L’invention se rapporte également à un procédé de régulation d’une couche limite de fluide sur une aube d’éolienne rotative comprenant au moins un effecteur de flux mobile relié à un actionneur. En outre, l’invention se rapporte à une génératrice éolienne comprenant un dispositif de régulation de flux selon l’invention et à l’utilisation du dispositif de régulation de flux.
PCT/EP2009/062337 2008-09-26 2009-09-23 Dispositif de régulation de flux et procédé de régulation d’une couche limite de fluide sur une aube d’éolienne rotative Ceased WO2010034749A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DKPA200801336 2008-09-26
DKPA200801336 2008-09-26
US10080008P 2008-09-29 2008-09-29
US61/100,800 2008-09-29

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2010034749A2 true WO2010034749A2 (fr) 2010-04-01
WO2010034749A3 WO2010034749A3 (fr) 2010-11-11

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PCT/EP2009/062337 Ceased WO2010034749A2 (fr) 2008-09-26 2009-09-23 Dispositif de régulation de flux et procédé de régulation d’une couche limite de fluide sur une aube d’éolienne rotative

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3115599A4 (fr) * 2014-03-04 2017-03-29 The Chugoku Electric Power Co., Inc. Dispositif de génération d'énergie éolienne
CN110552852A (zh) * 2019-10-17 2019-12-10 湖南中科宇能科技有限公司 一种风电叶片的内置人孔板
US11014652B1 (en) * 2018-05-03 2021-05-25 Ardura, Inc. Active lift control device and method

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB244385A (en) * 1924-11-18 1925-12-17 Ventimotor Ag Improvements in or relating to the control of the effect of fluid currents on the stream line surfaces of prime movers
US4247253A (en) * 1977-07-07 1981-01-27 Gakko Hojin Tokai University Vertical axis wind turbine
WO2002038442A2 (fr) * 2000-10-10 2002-05-16 The Regents Of The University Of California Volets translationnels microfabriques permettant de reguler la charge aerodynamique
DK200300670A (da) * 2003-05-05 2004-11-06 Lm Glasfiber As Vindmölleving med opdriftsregulerende organer

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3115599A4 (fr) * 2014-03-04 2017-03-29 The Chugoku Electric Power Co., Inc. Dispositif de génération d'énergie éolienne
US11014652B1 (en) * 2018-05-03 2021-05-25 Ardura, Inc. Active lift control device and method
US11628930B2 (en) 2018-05-03 2023-04-18 Arctura, Inc. Active lift control device and method
CN110552852A (zh) * 2019-10-17 2019-12-10 湖南中科宇能科技有限公司 一种风电叶片的内置人孔板
CN110552852B (zh) * 2019-10-17 2024-06-07 湖南中科宇能科技有限公司 一种风电叶片的内置人孔板

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