WO2010095981A1 - Réacteur chimique au plasma pour le traitement de déchets solides - Google Patents

Réacteur chimique au plasma pour le traitement de déchets solides Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010095981A1
WO2010095981A1 PCT/RU2010/000073 RU2010000073W WO2010095981A1 WO 2010095981 A1 WO2010095981 A1 WO 2010095981A1 RU 2010000073 W RU2010000073 W RU 2010000073W WO 2010095981 A1 WO2010095981 A1 WO 2010095981A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
solid waste
plasma
reactor
working gas
gas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/RU2010/000073
Other languages
English (en)
Russian (ru)
Inventor
Сергей Александрович ВОЩИНИН
Александр Васильевич ПЕРЕСЛАВЦЕВ
Сергей Сергеевич ТРЕСВЯТСКИЙ
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ZAKRYTOYE AKCIONERNOYE OBSCHESTVO "BYURO TEKHNOLOGII EKSPERIMENTALNOGO MASHINOSTROYENIYA"
Original Assignee
ZAKRYTOYE AKCIONERNOYE OBSCHESTVO "BYURO TEKHNOLOGII EKSPERIMENTALNOGO MASHINOSTROYENIYA"
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ZAKRYTOYE AKCIONERNOYE OBSCHESTVO "BYURO TEKHNOLOGII EKSPERIMENTALNOGO MASHINOSTROYENIYA" filed Critical ZAKRYTOYE AKCIONERNOYE OBSCHESTVO "BYURO TEKHNOLOGII EKSPERIMENTALNOGO MASHINOSTROYENIYA"
Publication of WO2010095981A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010095981A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • F23G5/0276—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage using direct heating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B09B3/20—Agglomeration, binding or encapsulation of solid waste
    • B09B3/25—Agglomeration, binding or encapsulation of solid waste using mineral binders or matrix
    • B09B3/29—Agglomeration, binding or encapsulation of solid waste using mineral binders or matrix involving a melting or softening step
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
    • C03B5/005—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture of glass-forming waste materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
    • C03B5/02—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture in electric furnaces, e.g. by dielectric heating
    • C03B5/025—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture in electric furnaces, e.g. by dielectric heating by arc discharge or plasma heating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
    • C10G1/10—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/04—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment drying
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/085—High-temperature heating means, e.g. plasma, for partly melting the waste
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/24—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having a vertical, substantially cylindrical, combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
    • F23G2201/30—Pyrolysing
    • F23G2201/303—Burning pyrogases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2202/00—Combustion
    • F23G2202/20—Combustion to temperatures melting waste

Definitions

  • the invention relates to environmental protection, and in particular to methods of processing solid waste.
  • the invention relates to a device for thermal disposal of waste by pyrolysis and can be used in the processing of domestic and industrial waste, generation of heat and electric energy.
  • the installation for plasma processing of waste includes a pyrolysis furnace with a plasmatron with an autonomous power supply, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of a slag granulator, a metal receiver, a pyrogas treatment system, a water treatment line, a heat exchanger, and an energy unit.
  • the water treatment line contains a brackish or seawater intake manifold made with at least two arms, each of which has at least one heat exchanger.
  • the output of the pyrogas cleaning system is connected to the input of the energy block.
  • One sleeve of the intake manifold is located inside the heat exchanger connected to the plasma torch and the power source, inside the slag granulator and the liquid metal receiver, mounted one after the other along this sleeve.
  • the outlet of this sleeve is connected to the inlet of the dispensing manifold.
  • the second sleeve is located inside sequentially installed heat exchangers, which are autonomously connected either to the pyrolysis furnace, or to the pyrogas treatment system, or to the energy block.
  • the output of the second sleeve is connected to the second input of the distribution manifold, the outputs of which are input to the inputs of the distillation desalination and reverse osmosis desalination plants.
  • One of the outputs of the distillation desalination plant is connected to the input of the cooling system of the power source of the plasma torch and to the input of the energy block, and the output of a pair of energy block is connected to the corresponding inputs of the pyrolysis furnace and distillation desalination plant.
  • the disadvantage of this device is low efficiency of waste processing and high energy consumption during operation of the device.
  • a known plasma-chemical reactor furnace (Utility Model RU N Q 30931), containing vaulted and hearth parts, plasmatrons, a melting chamber with drain channels, where the vaulted and hearth parts of the furnace are detachable with lock joints and fixing elements and the hearth of the furnace is mounted on a rolling truck, containing a support platform and jacks.
  • a disadvantage of the known technical solution is the selectivity of the use of this device and environmental pollution by the products of the furnace.
  • a known plasma-chemical reactor furnace selected as a prototype (Utility Model RU Ns 44165), comprising detachable vault and hearth parts, a melt crucible and drain channels, where under the crucible in the furnace hearth and around the drain channels there are heaters with a control circuit associated with control circuit with plasmatrons. Moreover, the heaters are made tubular, and their conclusions are connected to a source of external heat. In addition, the heaters are made by induction, and their conclusions are connected to a high-frequency generator. The furnace is designed for plasma processing of solid waste (domestic and industrial) with the production of combustible pyrogas and glass-like slag compound.
  • a disadvantage of the known technical solution is the low efficiency of the device and environmental pollution by the products of the furnace.
  • temperature zones are formed along the height of the furnace (mine) with the prevalence of various plasma-chemical processes: in the upper part of the reactor (shaft furnace) - drying of waste at temperatures of 100 - 25O 0 C, in middle part - gasification of the organic component of the waste at temperatures of 300 - 600 0 C, in the lower part of the reactor (melting chambers) at temperatures of 1100 - 1500 0 C - oxidation of the inorganic part of solid waste, melting and synthesis of glass-like slag compound.
  • This technical solution has the following disadvantages: 1).
  • the oxygen content in the working gas (air) supplied to the plasma chemical reactor (furnace) is small, due to its participation in the oxidation of the inorganic part of solid waste in the lower part of the reactor (in the melting chamber).
  • a significant part of the organic component of the waste is mainly subjected to thermal decomposition under the influence of air heated by plasmatrons of nitrogen, which also leads to an increase in the proportion of volatile resins in the composition of pyrogas.
  • FIG. 1 In FIG. 1 are shown:
  • Drying zone for recyclable solid waste Drying chamber.
  • Plasma generator for supplying heated working gas for drying solid waste.
  • Plasma generator for supplying heated working gas for gasification of solid waste.
  • Plasma generator for supplying heated working gas to form a glass-like slag compound.
  • Plasma-chemical reactor for processing solid waste works as follows: solid waste is loaded into the reactor through the charging device 1. The waste loaded into the reactor fills the shaft 2 to the outlet pipe of the loading device 1.
  • Working chamber 3.1 is fed into the waste drying chamber 3.1 through plasma generators (plasmatrons) 3.2.
  • working gas can be used carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), heated to high temperatures (5000 - 7000 0 C - at the outlet of the plasma torch channel).
  • CO 2 carbon dioxide
  • the plasma generator (plasma torch) 3.2 in an arc discharge, carbon dioxide decomposes: CO 2 ⁇ CO + O.
  • the moisture contained in the solid waste interacts with the carbon dioxide decomposition products in the drying zone of the processed waste 3 at temperatures of 100 - 25O 0 C with the formation of hydrogen: H 2 O + CO ⁇ H 2 + CO 2 .
  • Carbon-containing waste interacts in the drying zone of the processed waste 3 with the decomposition products of carbon dioxide and form carbon monoxide: ⁇ + ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ .
  • the gaseous reaction products enter the gas outlet 7.
  • the amount of working gas supplied per unit time (working gas flow rate) and its temperature can vary depending on the humidity of the processed solid waste.
  • the required flow rate of the working gas (CO 2 ) and its temperature are determined by the maximum yield of the main reaction products - carbon monoxide and hydrogen.
  • the content of the reaction products is determined in the drying zone of the processed waste 3.
  • Plasma-chemical processes in the drying zone of solid waste 3 can include not only the drying processes of the waste, but also other plasma processing processes, including plasma pyrolysis and gasification.
  • plasma generators 3.2 located in the solid waste drying chamber 3.1 other working gases can also be used as working gases: water (water vapor), air, argon. It is also possible to use combinations of 3.2 plasma generators operating on various working gases and located in the solid waste drying chamber 3.1.
  • Working gas heated to high temperatures (5000 - 7000 0 C - at the outlet of the plasma torch channel) is fed into gasification chamber 4.1 through plasma generators (plasmatrons) 4.2.
  • the working gas water vapor heated to the indicated temperatures can be used, i.e. water is supplied to the plasma generators as a working fluid.
  • the plasma generator (plasma torch) 4.2 in an arc discharge water decomposes: H 2 O ⁇ H + ⁇ ⁇ H + H + ⁇ .
  • the first is determined by the deposition of resins in the duct 7 per unit time, the second by minimizing moisture content outside the gasification zone 4 (between the drying zones 3 and gasification 4).
  • zone of gasification of solid waste 4 can be used as working gases in plasma generators 4.2, located in the chamber for gasification of solid waste 4.1 as working gases and other working gases: carbon dioxide, hydrogen, air, argon. It is also possible to use combinations of plasma generators 4.2 operating on various working gases and located in the solid waste gasification chamber 4.1.
  • Working gas is supplied to the formation zone of a glass-like slag compound 5 through nozzles 5.1 using plasma generators (plasmatrons) 5.2. The gas is heated to high temperatures (5000 - 7000 0 C at the outlet of the plasma torch channel).
  • Air can be used as a working gas, including air enriched with oxygen.
  • the inorganic component from the composition of solid waste in the interaction with oxygen heated by plasma generators 5.2 air at temperatures of 1100 - 1500 0 C, form oxides of metals and nonmetals, a mixture of which forms a glass-like slag compound.
  • the amount of working gas (air) supplied to the formation zone of the glass-like slag compound 5 per unit time (flow rate), and its temperature can vary depending on the proportion of inorganic component in the composition of solid waste.
  • Carbon dioxide (CO2) can also be used as a working gas in plasma generators 5.2.
  • a combination of working gases (air and carbon dioxide) is also possible when different working gases are used on various plasmatrons installed in nozzles 5.1.
  • the temperature of the working gas is determined based on the amount of heat introduced by the heated working gas flow and necessary to maintain the glass-like slag compound in the molten state at temperatures of 1200 - 1300 0 C.
  • the amount of working gas (air) supplied to the formation zone of the glass-like slag compound is determined on the basis of the need for complete oxidation of the inorganic component of solid waste and the production of chemically neutral insoluble (practically) glass-like slag compound but.
  • the preparation of a neutral and water-insoluble glass-like slag compound can be controlled based on chemical analysis of slag samples.
  • heated air can be supplied under the layer of molten slag, which will provide the necessary bubbling, better heat transfer from the heated air to the slag, and its more complete oxidation. This is achieved by maintaining the required level of slag compound.
  • the accumulated slag compound is removed through the drain hole (or drain device) 6.
  • the process of processing solid waste in a plasma-chemical reactor is carried out continuously.
  • the waste loaded by the loading device 1 of the reactor shaft 2 passes successively all temperature zones, descending from top to bottom.
  • the temperature zones pass: in the drying zone of the processed solid waste 3, the humidity of the waste decreases and the volume of the solid component decreases slightly, the gaseous products of processing are discharged from the reactor through the gas outlet 7; in the gasification zone of the processed solid waste 4, the organic component of the solid waste is processed and the volume of the solid component of the waste is further reduced, the gaseous products of processing are discharged to the gas outlet 7;
  • the remaining inorganic solid waste component has a volume of 15 to 20 times less than the volume of loaded solid waste, is oxidized to a glass-like slag compound in the zone of formation of the glass-like slag compound 5, the processed product is a glass-like slag compound is removed as it accumulates (in batches or continuously) through the drain hole 6.
  • the reactor is loaded solid waste through the loading device 1.
  • the removal of gaseous waste from the reactor is carried out through the gas duct and the vacuum necessary to avoid the ingress of gaseous reaction products into the surrounding atmosphere is maintained in the upper part of the reactor shaft.
  • T.O. Thanks to the efficient design of the plasma chemical reactor, the efficiency of the plasma processing of solid waste is enhanced by increasing the calorific value of the pyrogas obtained in the reactor during the processing of solid waste.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Plasma Technology (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne le domaine de la protection de l'environnement et notamment des procédés de traitement de déchets solides. On a pu augmenter l'efficacité du traitement au plasma de déchets solides grâce à une meilleure valeur calorifique du pyrogaz obtenu dans le réacteur lors du traitement de déchets solides, qui est due au fait que le réacteur chimique au plasma pour le traitement de déchets solides, qui se présente comme un four vertical doté d'un chargeur, des chambres de fusion, d'une conduit de gaz et d'un orifice de vidange, et qui comprend les unités suivantes disposées les unes après les autres dans le four, depuis le haut vers le bas : une chambre de séchage de déchets solides avec ses générateurs au plasma d'amenée de gaz de travail chauffé dont le nombre varie de 2 à 6, et qui sont disposés régulièrement au pourtour du réacteur au plasma, une chambre de gazéification de déchets solides avec des générateurs au plasma d'amenée de gaz de travail chauffé dont le nombre varie de 2 à 6, un réacteur au plasma disposé régulièrement sur le pourtour, une zone de formation de composé vitrifié de type scories, dotée de tubulures des générateurs au plasma d'amenée de gaz de travail chauffé dont le nombre varie de 2 à 6, disposés régulièrement sur le pourtour du réacteur; on peut utiliser en tant que gaz de travail dans la chambre de séchage un gaz du groupe comprenant le dioxyde de carbone, l'air, la vapeur d'eau, l'argon, et l'on peut utiliser en tant que gaz de travail dans la chambre de gazéification un gaz du groupe comprenant le dioxyde de carbone, l'air, la vapeur d'eau, l'argon, et l'on peut utiliser l'air ou le dioxyde de carbone dans la zone de formation d'un composé vitrifié de type scories.
PCT/RU2010/000073 2009-02-18 2010-02-17 Réacteur chimique au plasma pour le traitement de déchets solides Ceased WO2010095981A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
RU2009105471/28A RU2392781C1 (ru) 2009-02-18 2009-02-18 Электродуговой плазмотрон постоянного тока для установок по плазменной переработке твердых отходов
RU2009105471 2009-02-18

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2010095981A1 true WO2010095981A1 (fr) 2010-08-26

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PCT/RU2010/000073 Ceased WO2010095981A1 (fr) 2009-02-18 2010-02-17 Réacteur chimique au plasma pour le traitement de déchets solides

Country Status (2)

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RU (1) RU2392781C1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2010095981A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102389887A (zh) * 2011-08-26 2012-03-28 陈开明 一种城市生活垃圾高温处理、超高温等离子气化方法

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4635573A (en) * 1983-03-23 1987-01-13 Skf Steel Engineering Ab Method for destroying refuse
RU75095U1 (ru) * 2008-03-12 2008-07-20 Валерий Герасимович Гнеденко Реактор для термической переработки отходов

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4559439A (en) * 1983-01-21 1985-12-17 Plasma Energy Corporation Field convertible plasma generator and its method of operation
US6313429B1 (en) * 1998-08-27 2001-11-06 Retech Services, Inc. Dual mode plasma arc torch for use with plasma arc treatment system and method of use thereof
RU2165130C2 (ru) * 1999-05-05 2001-04-10 Жан Капашевич Кульжанов Способ формирования электродугового разряда в плазмотроне и устройство для его осуществления

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4635573A (en) * 1983-03-23 1987-01-13 Skf Steel Engineering Ab Method for destroying refuse
RU75095U1 (ru) * 2008-03-12 2008-07-20 Валерий Герасимович Гнеденко Реактор для термической переработки отходов

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102389887A (zh) * 2011-08-26 2012-03-28 陈开明 一种城市生活垃圾高温处理、超高温等离子气化方法

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