WO2010108758A1 - Ensemble circuit pour la compensation d'énergie entre des cellules - Google Patents

Ensemble circuit pour la compensation d'énergie entre des cellules Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010108758A1
WO2010108758A1 PCT/EP2010/052550 EP2010052550W WO2010108758A1 WO 2010108758 A1 WO2010108758 A1 WO 2010108758A1 EP 2010052550 W EP2010052550 W EP 2010052550W WO 2010108758 A1 WO2010108758 A1 WO 2010108758A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
diode
cells
cell
converter
circuit arrangement
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PCT/EP2010/052550
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Markus Heckmann
Felix Franck
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Osram GmbH
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Osram GmbH
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/50—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon multiple batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/52—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon multiple batteries simultaneously or sequentially for charge balancing, e.g. equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H02J7/54—Passive balancing, e.g. using resistors or parallel MOSFETs

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a compensation unequal
  • the energy stores are also referred to as cells.
  • the cells are connected to each other in particular in a series connection.
  • the charge states of the individual cells can not be influenced, in particular can not be compensated for each other efficiently, which leads to a significantly reduced cycle stability and to a low usable depth of discharge of the cells.
  • the result is that the series connection of several cells is only as strong as their weakest cell.
  • FIG. 1 shows a block diagram with two cells 101 and 102 connected in series, wherein energy can be transferred from the cell 101 into the cell 102 on the basis of the circuit shown.
  • the circuit according to Fig.l has a terminal 109 (positive pole) and a terminal 111 (negative pole) and a center tap 110.
  • the terminal 109 is connected to the cathode of a diode 106, whose anode is connected to the cathode of a diode 105.
  • an electronic switch 103 is arranged, which can be activated via a drive unit 104.
  • the node between the diodes 105 and 106 is connected via a series circuit of a resistor 107 and a coil 108 to the center tap 110, wherein the resistor 107 at least one spare series resistor for the entire circuit, in particular for the coil 108 may include.
  • the cell 101 is located between the terminal 111 and the center tap 110, and the cell 102 is located between the center tap 110 and the terminal 109.
  • This circuit shown in Fig.l has the disadvantages that caused by the diode 106 losses and that only one energy direction is taken into account.
  • the object of the invention is to avoid the above-mentioned disadvantages and in particular to provide an efficient way to compensate for different states of charge between cells.
  • the (at least one) transducer By means of the (at least one) transducer, different charge states of the cells can be compensated efficiently.
  • the converter allows a direction independent displacement of electrical energy between the cells.
  • a state of charge of the weakest cell of the series connection can be compensated automatically from multiple cells and thus the performance of the entire cell array can be significantly increased.
  • the cell comprises at least one of the following components:
  • the cell may also be used as a voltage source, e.g. a battery, be configured or at least include such.
  • a cell can comprise a parallel connection of several rechargeable batteries, it also being possible to conceive of an interconnection of energy stores (for example rechargeable batteries) as a cell.
  • a cell may include multiple rechargeable 12V blocks. Parts of the cells may be connected in series and / or in parallel.
  • the cells have at least partially different voltages and / or capacitances. This could e.g. by asymmetric duty cycles (see more below).
  • the voltages or charges of the individual cells of a chain may not necessarily be the same but also adapted to the cell.
  • the voltages or landings of different cells can be quite different from each other.
  • the approach proposed here makes it possible to balance charges or voltages of individual cells.
  • Another development is that a capacitor is arranged parallel to the cell.
  • the converter is a converter with a boosting functionality and with a low-set functionality, in particular a symmetrical converter.
  • the converter can be an electronic Includes circuit breaker, which is also referred to here as (electronic) switch.
  • the transducer has two electronic switches in parallel with the cells, wherein parallel to each switch, a diode is arranged, the cathode is aligned in the direction of the positive pole of the circuit, wherein - parallel to the two switches, a capacitor and / or in a branch in the direction of the outer poles of the cells depending on an inductance in series with the two electronic switches, wherein the inductors are optionally coupled, is arranged or
  • the electronic switch comprises at least one of the following components:
  • the electronic switches of the converter are alternately controllable for a predetermined period of time, in particular with a duty cycle of (substantially or exactly ever) 50%.
  • a group of first switches may be activatable for a first time period in a first time interval and a group of second switches may be activated in one second time interval for a second period of time to be activated.
  • the first time period and the second time duration complement each other at a time interval. Accordingly, this approach is possible for any number of m groups of switches. Each of the m groups may have a different number of switches.
  • the converter comprises one of the following components: a half-bridge circuit;
  • a flyback converter in particular with an active synchronously operable rectifier
  • a Cuk converter in particular with an active synchronously operable rectifier
  • a Cuk converter in particular with coupled inductors and / or an active synchronously operable rectifier.
  • An alternative embodiment is that a plurality of transducers are provided, wherein at least partially a cell can be driven by a plurality of transducers.
  • a next embodiment is that a plurality of transducers are arranged partially overlapping and / or encompassing the at least two cells.
  • the plurality of transducers are controlled alternately.
  • a development consists in that an energy balance between the at least two cells can be temporarily deactivated.
  • the circuit arrangement is operated in an energy-saving mode, ie that only temporarily (possibly iteratively with specifiable time interval) carried out an energy balance becomes. Accordingly, the energy balance can be activated for a predetermined period of time.
  • At least one illuminant or at least one lamp in particular at least one light-emitting diode
  • the cells may be embodied as lead-acid cells, nickel-metal hydride cells, nickel-cadmium cells, lithium-ion cells, lithium polymer cells, lithium iron phosphate cells (LiFePo4) and / or lithium titanate cells.
  • different cell types can be used in combination.
  • the above object is also achieved by a method for controlling the circuit arrangement described here, comprising a drive unit, by means of which the at least one converter is activated or deactivated.
  • the electronic switches of the at least one converter are correspondingly activated by means of the drive unit.
  • FIG. 5 shows a circuit example for balancing the energy between two cells by means of a synchronous Cuk converter with coupled inductances
  • FIG. 6 shows a circuit for balancing the energy between three cells connected in series, wherein a capacitor is arranged parallel to each cell;
  • FIG. 7 shows a circuit for balancing the energy between four series-connected cells, wherein a capacitor is arranged parallel to each cell;
  • Figure 11 shows another circuit for balancing the energy between six cells connected in series
  • Figure 12 shows an additional circuit for balancing the energy between six cells connected in series
  • FIG. 13 shows a circuit for balancing the energy between six cells connected in series with an encompassing Cuk converter.
  • At least one converter also called a cell converter
  • a cell converter can be used for energy balancing between cells, which has both a boosting functionality and a low-set functionality.
  • a two-quadrant converter can be used.
  • the transducer is preferably symmetrical.
  • At least one of the following components can be used as converter: a half-bridge;
  • a flyback converter in particular with an active synchronously operable rectifier
  • a Cuk converter in particular with an active synchronously operable rectifier
  • a Cuk converter in particular with coupled inductors and / or an active synchronously operable rectifier.
  • the above components can be combined with each other.
  • the cells are connected in series with each other.
  • any energy store can be used as a cell, for example an accumulator cell or a capacitor. It is also possible that a rechargeable battery with a parallel capacitor is used as a cell.
  • FIG. 2 shows a circuit arrangement for a possible realization of the energy balance between two cells 201, 202 by means of a synchronous half-bridge.
  • the circuit according to FIG. 2 has a terminal 209 (positive pole) and a terminal 211 (negative pole) and a center tap 210.
  • the terminal 209 is connected to the cathode of a diode 206 whose anode is connected to the cathode of a diode 205.
  • Parallel to the diode 205 is an electronic switch 203 and parallel to the diode 206, an electronic switch 212 is arranged.
  • the electronic switches 203 and 212 can be activated via a drive unit 204.
  • the node between the diodes 205 and 206 is connected via a series circuit of a resistor 207 and a coil 208 to the center tap 210, wherein the resistor 207 may comprise at least one equivalent series resistor for the entire circuit, in particular for the coil 208.
  • the cell 201 is located between the port 211 and the center tap 210, and the cell 202 is located between the center tap 210 and the port 209.
  • the electronic switch may be any controllable switch, e.g. Transistor, Mosfet, IGBT, etc., can act.
  • FIG. 3 shows another circuit example for balancing the energy between two cells by means of a synchronous flyback converter.
  • the circuit according to Figure 3 has two cells Zl, Z2, which are connected in series.
  • the positive terminal of the cell Z2 is connected to a terminal Z2p
  • the negative terminal of the cell Zl is connected to a terminal ZIm
  • a center tap between the cells Zl, Z2 is connected to a terminal Zmid.
  • the terminal Z2p is connected via an inductance L2 to the cathode of a diode D2.
  • the anode of the diode D2 is connected to the terminal Zmid and to the cathode of a diode Dl.
  • the anode of the diode Dl is connected via an inductance Ll to the terminal ZIm.
  • the inductance Ll and the inductance L2 are coupled together.
  • the turn ratio in this coupled inductance can be particularly advantageously 1: 1, i.
  • the inductors L 1 and L 2 taken separately are each of the same number of turns and thus (other tolerances, in particular those of the core neglected) have the same inductance value.
  • an electronic switch S2 Parallel to the diode D2 is an electronic switch S2 and parallel to the diode Dl is provided an electronic switch Sl. Both electronic switches Sl, S2 can be activated (de) by means of a drive unit (not shown).
  • FIG. 4 shows a circuit example for balancing the energy between two cells by means of a synchronous Cuk converter.
  • the circuit according to Figure 4 has two cells Zl, Z2, which are connected in series.
  • the positive terminal of the cell Z2 is connected to a terminal Z2p
  • the negative terminal of the cell Zl is to a terminal ZIm
  • a center tap between the cells Z1, Z2 is connected to a terminal Zmid.
  • the two inductors L 1 and L 2 in each case also have a (substantially) identical inductance value in a particularly advantageous embodiment.
  • the terminal Z2p is connected via an inductance L2 to the cathode of a diode D2.
  • the anode of the diode D2 is connected to the terminal Zmid and to the cathode of a diode Dl.
  • the anode of the diode Dl is connected via an inductance Ll to the terminal ZIm.
  • an electronic switch S2 Parallel to the diode D2 is an electronic switch S2 and parallel to the diode Dl is provided an electronic switch Sl. Both electronic switches Sl, S2 can be activated (de) by means of a drive unit (not shown).
  • the capacitor C_cuk which is typical for a Cuk converter, is connected between the cathode of the diode D2 and the anode of the diode D1. Its value is preferably dimensioned such that the resonance frequency resulting from it and the sum of the two values of the inductances L1 and L2 is clearly below the clock frequency with which the two electronic switches S1 and S2 can be controlled.
  • FIG. 4 shows the value of a capacitor C cuk according to FIG. 5 in such a way that the resonance frequency resulting therefrom and the leakage inductance between the inductances L 1 and L 2 is clearly below the clock frequency with which the two electronic switches S 1 and S 2 can be controlled are.
  • FIG. 5 shows a circuit example for balancing the energy between two cells by means of a synchronous Cuk converter with coupled inductances.
  • the circuit according to FIG. 5 is based on the circuit shown in FIG. 4, only in FIG. 5 the inductance L 1 and the inductance L 2 are coupled together.
  • the illustrated circuit topologies half-bridge, flyback converter, coupled Cuk converter
  • Inductors Cuk converters without coupled inductors
  • the electronic switches are activated alternately for a predetermined period of time.
  • the electronic switches can be mutually active (50% / 50% duty cycle).
  • an asymmetrical duty cycle can be advantageous.
  • Period determined which elapses between a first and a re-activation of the first electronic switch after exactly one intermediate deactivation.
  • Said clock frequency is in a particularly advantageous embodiment above the human
  • said period duration is approximately complete of activation phases of the 1st (, 3rd, 5th, ...) electronic switch (with simultaneous deactivation of the 2nd (, 4th, 6th, ...) electronic switch) and activation phases of the 2nd (, 4th, 6th, ...) electronic switch (with simultaneous deactivation of the l. (, 3rd, 5th, ...) electronic switch) filled.
  • a “50% -50% duty-cycle” or a “symmetrical duty-cycle” means in particular that both individual activation phases of a period can definitely make up ⁇ 50% of the period duration, but the two activation phases have the same duration.
  • the charge and / or voltage states of two or even more cells can be compensated with minimal losses.
  • the approach proposed here is scalable for any number of cells. With more than two transducers, the individual transducers or half bridges alternate in the control. Alternatively, one of these may be different
  • a driving method can be selected, wherein each alternate switch is always activated.
  • the approach proposed here can be used in battery-operated LED lighting systems, which are supplied with two (or more) lead-acid battery cells.
  • R L is an equivalent resistance of the inductor arranged in series and R dsO N is a residual resistance of an activated electronic switch, eg a MOSFET transistor.
  • a current ripple can be adjusted by a corresponding choice of inductors.
  • duty Cyles can be used near 50%. This allows a simplified opposing control of both switches.
  • an independent voltage setpoint can be generated via two resistors and a setpoint / actual value comparison can readjust the duty cycle of the control.
  • n cells with n setpoints can be derived, which, unlike simple cascading, does not require n-1 half-bridges for n cells, but only n / 2 half-bridges.
  • the energy balance between n> 2 cells with any direction of energy flow is sufficient for the 50% -50% duty cycle.
  • the switches are in this case driven alternately according to a zebra pattern, i. first, the odd-numbered switches S1, S3, S5, ... are active, then the even-numbered switches S2, S4, S6, ...
  • each second converter in the form of a switching stage is preferably designed as a half-bridge.
  • the switches may be shared by the respective adjacent transducers or switching stages, i. Each converter shares one of its switches with the respective converter adjacent to the switch.
  • a "encompassing" Cuk-converter or a “encompassing” flyback converter can be used, wherein a top AND a low voltage level considered (with a difference of more than two cells) are each occupied by an inductor, if these two inductors with each other coupled and possibly the two (moving) voltage levels across a Cuk Capacitor connected between the top and bottom voltage levels.
  • FIG. 6 shows a circuit with three cells Z1, Z2, Z3 connected in series, a capacitor C1, C2, C3 being arranged parallel to each cell.
  • the series connection of the cells Z1 to Z3 is connected to the terminal Pos (positive pole) and to the terminal Neg (negative pole). The connection between the
  • Cell Z1 and cell Z2 is referred to as a node K1, and the connection between cell Z2 and cell Z3 is referred to as a node K2.
  • the terminal Pos is connected to the cathode of a diode D3, the anode of the diode D3 is connected to the cathode of a diode D2 and D2, the anode of the diode D2 is connected to the cathode of a diode Dl and the anode of the diode D1 is via an inductance Ll connected to the port Neg.
  • Parallel to the diode Dl is an electronic switch Sl
  • parallel to the diode D2 is an electronic switch S2 and parallel to the diode D3, an electronic switch S3 is provided.
  • the anode of the diode D3 is further connected via an inductance L2 to the node K2 and the anode of the diode D2 is connected to the node Kl.
  • a capacitor CkI is provided either parallel to the diodes D1 and D2 (Cuk capacitor) or the inductors L1 and L2 are coupled together. It is also possible that both the capacitor CkI and the coupling between the inductors Ll and L2 are provided.
  • FIG. 6 shows a half-bridge 602 comprising the switches S2 and S3 and a cuk-converter 601 with the Switches Sl and S2. If the capacitor CkI is omitted, this is a flyback converter 601.
  • the switches S1 and S3 are activated synchronously and the switch S2 is activated when the switches S1 and S3 are inactive.
  • FIG. 6 enables an energy balance between three cells Z1 to Z3 at four voltage levels.
  • FIG. 7 shows a circuit for energy balance between four cells Zl to Z4, wherein a capacitor C 1 to C 4 is arranged parallel to each cell.
  • the series connection of the cells Z1 to Z4 is connected to the terminal Pos (positive pole) and to the terminal Neg (negative pole).
  • the connection between the cell Z1 and the cell Z2 is called a node K1
  • the connection between the cell Z2 and the cell Z3 is called a node K2
  • the connection between the cell Z3 and Z4 is called a node K3.
  • the terminal Pos is connected to the cathode of a diode D4, the anode of the diode D4 is connected to the cathode of a diode D3, the anode of the diode D3 is connected to the cathode of a diode D2 and D2, the anode of the diode D2 is connected to the cathode a diode Dl connected and the anode of the diode Dl is connected to the terminal Neg.
  • Parallel to the diode Dl is an electronic switch Sl
  • parallel to the diode D2 is an electronic switch S2
  • parallel to the diode D3 is an electronic switch S3
  • parallel to the diode D4 is provided an electronic switch S4.
  • the anode of the diode D4 is further connected via an inductance L2 to the node K3, the anode of the diode D3 is connected to the node K2 and the anode of the diode D2 is connected via an inductance Ll to the node Kl.
  • a capacitor CkI is provided either parallel to the diodes D2 and D3 (Cuk capacitor) or the inductors L1 and L2 are coupled together. It is also possible that both the capacitor CkI and the coupling between the inductors Ll and L2 are provided.
  • FIG. 7 shows a half-bridge 701 comprising the switches S1 and S2, a half-bridge 702 comprising the switches S3 and S4 and a cuk-converter 703 with the switches S2 and S3. If the capacitor CkI is omitted, this is a flyback converter 703.
  • the switches Sl and S3 are controlled synchronously and the switches S2 and S4 are then driven synchronously when the switches Sl and S3 are inactive.
  • FIG. 8 shows an alternative circuit for energy balance between four cells Z1 to Z4, wherein a capacitor C1 to C4 is arranged parallel to each cell.
  • the series connection of the cells Z1 to Z4 is connected to the terminal Pos (positive pole) and to the terminal Neg (negative pole).
  • the connection between the cell Z1 and the cell Z2 is called a node K1
  • the connection between the cell Z2 and the cell Z3 is called a node K2
  • the connection between the cell Z3 and Z4 is called a node K3.
  • the terminal Pos is connected via an inductance L3 to the cathode of a diode D4, the anode of the diode D4 is connected to the cathode of a diode D3, the anode of the diode D3 is connected to the cathode of a diode D2 and, the anode of the diode D2 is connected to the cathode of a diode Dl and the anode of the diode Dl is connected via an inductance Ll to the terminal Neg.
  • Parallel to the diode Dl is an electronic switch Sl
  • parallel to the diode D2 is an electronic switch S2
  • parallel to the diode D3 is an electronic switch S3 and parallel to the diode D4 is provided an electronic switch S4.
  • the anode of the diode D4 is further connected to the node K3, the anode of the diode D3 is connected via an inductance L2 to the node K2 and the anode of the diode D2 is connected to the node Kl. Furthermore, a capacitor CkI, parallel to the diodes D3 and D4 a capacitor Ck2 and parallel to the diodes Dl to D4, a capacitor Ck3 are optionally provided parallel to the diodes Dl and D2. Optional are the
  • FIG. 8 shows a half bridge 801 comprising the switches S2 and S3, as well as a crank converter 802 with the switches S1 and S2 and a crank converter 803 with the switches S3 and S4. Further, a wrap-around Cuk converter 804 is shown with the switches Sl and S4. If the respective Cuk capacitor is omitted, the Cuk converter becomes a flyback converter.
  • FIG. 9 shows a circuit for energy balance between six cells Z1 to Z6, wherein a capacitor C 1 to C 6 is arranged parallel to each cell.
  • connection Pos positive pole
  • connection Neg negative pole
  • the connection between the cell Z1 and the cell Z2 is called a node K1
  • the connection between the cell Z2 and the cell Z3 is called a node K2
  • the connection between the cell Z3 and the cell Z4 is called a node K3
  • the connection between the cell Z4 and the cell Z5 is called a node K4
  • the connection between the cell Z5 and the cell Z6 is referred to as a node K5.
  • the terminal Pos is connected to the cathode of a diode D6, the anode of the diode D6 is connected to the cathode of a diode D5, the anode of the diode D5 is connected to the cathode of a diode D4, the anode of the diode D4 is connected to the cathode of one Diode D3 connected, the anode of the diode D3 is connected to the cathode of a diode D2 and D2, the anode of the diode D2 is connected to the cathode of a diode Dl and the anode of the diode Dl is connected to the terminal Neg.
  • Parallel to the diode Dl is an electronic switch Sl
  • parallel to the diode D2 is an electronic switch S2
  • parallel to the diode D3 is an electronic switch S3
  • parallel to the diode D4 is an electronic switch S4
  • parallel to the diode D5 an electronic switch S5 and parallel to the diode D6, an electronic switch S6 is provided.
  • the anode of the diode D6 is connected via an inductance L3 to the node K5, the anode of the diode D5 is connected to the node K4, the anode of the diode D4 is connected via an inductance L2 to the node K3, which is the anode of the diode D3 connected to the node K2 and the anode of the diode D2 is connected via an inductance Ll to the node Kl.
  • Capacitor CkI provided.
  • the inductors L1 and L2 are coupled together.
  • FIG. 9 shows a half bridge 901 comprising the switches S1 and S2, a half bridge 902 with the switches S3 and S4 and a half bridge 903 with the switches S5 and S6. Furthermore, FIG. 9 shows a flyback converter 904 the switches S2 and S3 and a Cuk converter 905 with the switches S4 and S5.
  • FIG. 10 shows an alternative circuit for energy balance between six cells Z1 to Z6, wherein a capacitor C1 to C6 is arranged parallel to each cell.
  • the series connection of the cells Z1 to Z6 is connected to the terminal Pos (positive pole) and to the terminal Neg (negative pole).
  • the connection between the cell Z1 and the cell Z2 is called a node K1
  • the connection between the cell Z2 and the cell Z3 is called a node K2
  • the connection between the cell Z3 and the cell Z4 is called a node K3
  • the connection between the cell Z4 and the cell Z5 is referred to as a node K4
  • the connection between the cell Z5 and the cell Z6 is referred to as a node K5.
  • the terminal Pos is connected to the cathode of a diode D6, the anode of the diode D6 is connected to the cathode of a diode D5, the anode of the diode D5 is connected to the cathode of a diode D4, the anode of the diode D4 is connected to the cathode of one Diode D3 connected, the anode of the diode D3 is connected to the cathode of a diode D2 and D2, the anode of the diode D2 is connected to the cathode of a diode Dl and the anode of the diode Dl is connected to the terminal Neg.
  • Parallel to the diode Dl is an electronic switch Sl
  • parallel to the diode D2 is an electronic switch S2
  • parallel to the diode D3 is an electronic switch S3
  • parallel to the diode D4 is an electronic switch S4
  • parallel to the diode D5 an electronic switch S5 and parallel to the diode D6, an electronic switch S6 is provided.
  • the anode of the diode D6 is connected via an inductance L3 to the node K5, the anode of the diode D5 is connected to the node K4, the anode of the diode D4 is connected via an inductance L2 to the node K3, which is the anode of the diode D3 connected to the node K2 and the anode of the diode D2 is connected via an inductance Ll to the node Kl.
  • a capacitor CkI and, parallel to the diodes D4 and D5, a capacitor Ck2 are optionally arranged parallel to the diodes D2 and D3.
  • the inductors L1, L2 and L3 are optionally coupled together.
  • FIG. 10 shows a half bridge comprising the switches S1 and S2, a half bridge with the switches S3 and S4, and a half bridge with the switches S5 and S6. Furthermore, FIG. 10 shows two encompassing Cuk converters with the switches S2 and S3 or S4 and S5, which can optionally be embodied as flyback converters (without the capacitors CkI and Ck2).
  • FIG. 11 shows an alternative circuit for energy balance between six cells Z1 to Z6, wherein a capacitor C1 to C6 is arranged parallel to each cell.
  • the series connection of the cells Z1 to Z6 is connected to the terminal Pos (positive pole) and to the terminal Neg (negative pole).
  • the connection between cell Z1 and cell Z2 is called a node K1
  • connection between the cell Z2 and the cell Z3 is called a node K2
  • the connection between the cell Z3 and the cell Z4 is called a node K3
  • the connection between the cell Z4 and the cell Z5 is called a node K4
  • the connection between cell Z5 and cell Z6 is referred to as a node K5.
  • the terminal Pos is connected via an inductor L4 to the cathode of a diode D6, the anode of the diode D6 is connected to the cathode of a diode D5, the anode of the diode D5 is connected to the cathode of a diode D4 which is the anode of the diode D4 connected to the cathode of a diode D3, the anode of the diode D3 is connected to the cathode of a diode D2 and D2, the anode of the diode D2 is connected to the cathode of a diode Dl and the anode of the diode D1 is connected via an inductance Ll to the terminal Neg connected.
  • Parallel to the diode Dl is an electronic switch Sl
  • parallel to the diode D2 is an electronic switch S2
  • parallel to the diode D3 is an electronic switch S3
  • parallel to the diode D4 is an electronic switch S4
  • parallel to the diode D5 an electronic switch S5 and parallel to the diode D6, an electronic switch S6 is provided.
  • the anode of the diode D6 is connected to the node K5, the anode of the diode D5 is connected via an inductance L3 to the node K4, the anode of the diode D4 is connected to the node K3, the anode of the diode D3 is connected via an inductance L2 connected to the node K2 and the anode of the diode D2 is connected to the node Kl.
  • the inductors L2 and L3 are coupled together.
  • a capacitor Ck3 is connected in parallel with the diodes D1 and D2, and a capacitor Ck4 is arranged in parallel with the diodes D5 and D6.
  • FIG. 11 shows a half bridge comprising the switches S2 and S3, a half bridge with the switches S4 and S5, and a Cuk converter with switches S1 and S2 and a Cuk converter with switches S5 and S6. Furthermore, a flyback converter with the switches S3 and S4 is present.
  • capacitor Ck2 On the basis of the optional capacitor Ck2 can be a encompassing Cuk-converter or on the basis of the connection of the inductors Ll and L4, a encompassing flyback converter (without capacitor Ck2) can be realized.
  • FIG. 12 shows an alternative circuit for energy balance between six cells Z1 to Z6, wherein a capacitor C1 to C6 is arranged parallel to each cell.
  • the series connection of the cells Z1 to Z6 is connected to the terminal Pos (positive pole) and to the terminal Neg (negative pole).
  • the connection between cell Z1 and cell Z2 is called a node K1
  • connection between the cell Z2 and the cell Z3 is called a node K2
  • the connection between the cell Z3 and the cell Z4 is called a node K3
  • the connection between the cell Z4 and the cell Z5 is called a node K4
  • the connection between cell Z5 and cell Z6 is referred to as a node K5.
  • the terminal Pos is connected via an inductor L4 to the cathode of a diode D6, the anode of the diode D6 is connected to the cathode of a diode D5, the anode of the diode D5 is connected to the cathode of a diode D4 which is the anode of the diode D4 connected to the cathode of a diode D3, the anode of the diode D3 is connected to the cathode of a diode D2, the anode of the diode D2 is connected to the cathode of a diode Dl and the anode of the diode Dl is connected via an inductance Ll to the terminal Neg connected .
  • Parallel to the diode Dl is an electronic switch Sl
  • parallel to the diode D2 is an electronic switch S2
  • parallel to the diode D3 is an electronic switch S3
  • parallel to the diode D4 is an electronic switch S4
  • parallel to the diode D5 an electronic switch S5 and parallel to the diode D6, an electronic switch S6 is provided.
  • the anode of the diode D6 is connected to the node K5, the anode of the diode D5 is connected via an inductance L3 to the node K4, the anode of the diode D4 is connected to the node K3, the anode of the diode D3 is connected via an inductance L2 connected to the node K2 and the anode of the diode D2 is connected to the node Kl.
  • the inductors L1 and L2 are coupled together, and the inductors L3 and L4 are coupled together. Parallel to the diodes D3 and D4, a capacitor CkI is arranged.
  • FIG. 12 shows a half bridge comprising the switches S2 and S3, a half bridge with the switches S4 and S5, and a Cuk converter with the switches S3 and S4, a flyback converter with the switches S1 and S2, and a flyback converter the switches S5 and S6.
  • FIG. 13 shows an alternative circuit for balancing energy between six cells Z1 to Z6, wherein a capacitor C1 to C6 is arranged parallel to each cell.
  • the series connection of the cells Z1 to Z6 is connected to the terminal Pos (positive pole) and to the terminal Neg (negative pole).
  • the connection between the cell Z1 and the cell Z2 is called a node K1
  • the connection between the cell Z2 and the cell Z3 is called a node K2
  • the connection between the cell Z3 and the cell Z4 is considered a node K3
  • the connection between the cell Z4 and the cell Z5 becomes a node K4
  • the connection between the cell Z5 and the cell Z6 is called a node K5 denotes.
  • the terminal Pos is connected via an inductor L4 to the cathode of a diode D6, the anode of the diode D6 is connected to the cathode of a diode D5, the anode of the diode D5 is connected to the cathode of a diode D4 which is the anode of the diode D4 connected to the cathode of a diode D3, the anode of the diode D3 is connected to the cathode of a diode D2, the anode of the diode D2 is connected to the cathode of a diode Dl and the anode of the diode Dl is connected via an inductance Ll to the terminal Neg connected .
  • Parallel to the diode Dl is an electronic switch Sl
  • parallel to the diode D2 is an electronic switch S2
  • parallel to the diode D3 is an electronic switch S3
  • parallel to the diode D4 is an electronic switch S4
  • parallel to the diode D5 an electronic switch S5 and parallel to the diode D6, an electronic switch S6 is provided.
  • the anode of the diode D6 is connected to the node K5, the anode of the diode D5 is connected via an inductance L3 to the node K4, the anode of the diode D4 is connected to the node K3, the anode of the diode D3 is connected via an inductance L2 connected to the node K2 and the anode of the diode D2 is connected to the node Kl.
  • the inductors L1 and L2 are coupled together, and the inductors L3 and L4 are coupled together.
  • 13 shows a half-bridge comprising the switches S2 and S3, a half-bridge with the switches S4 and S5 and a encompassing Cuk converter with the switches S1 and S6, a flyback converter with the switches S1 and S2 and a flyback converter with the switches S5 and S6.
  • the cells Z1 and Z6 are balanced by means of the encompassing Cuk converter, the transfer of the voltages takes place via the two independent flyback converters to the two half bridges.
  • the two internal switches S3 and S4 are only used by one converter. If the edges are occupied by inductances and at the same time all inductances involved in the energy balance are coupled in the same direction in the same direction, this encompassing topology results.
  • a common sense coupling of the inductors is an advantageous embodiment for a number of more than four cells (n> 4).
  • the coupling of the inductors is optional.
  • the compensation circuit does not have to be operated permanently. For example, it is possible to save energy by providing hystereses to enable energy balance only when exceeding a predetermined threshold (e.g., imbalance).
  • a predetermined threshold e.g., imbalance

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un ensemble circuit pour la compensation d'énergie entre au moins deux cellules (Zl, Z2, Z3), dans lequel les deux cellules sont montées en série, l'ensemble présentant un convertisseur (601, 602) pour respectivement deux cellules.
PCT/EP2010/052550 2009-03-27 2010-03-01 Ensemble circuit pour la compensation d'énergie entre des cellules Ceased WO2010108758A1 (fr)

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DE102009015388A DE102009015388A1 (de) 2009-03-27 2009-03-27 Schaltungsanordnung zum Energieausgleich zwischen Zellen
DE102009015388.8 2009-03-27

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Cited By (5)

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WO2011091919A1 (fr) * 2010-02-01 2011-08-04 Sb Limotive Company Ltd. Batterie à équilibrage inductif des cellules
WO2012084894A1 (fr) * 2010-12-22 2012-06-28 IFP Energies Nouvelles Convertisseur d'equilibrage des cellules d'une batterie electrique
EP2760115A1 (fr) * 2013-01-24 2014-07-30 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé d'équilibrage de tensions de condensateurs dans un circuit intermédiaire
US9647570B2 (en) 2012-03-12 2017-05-09 Rct Power Gmbh Photovoltaic system and method of operation
EP4142099A4 (fr) * 2020-06-01 2023-11-01 Qingdao Anjie Energy Technology Co. Ltd. Dispositif d'équilibrage de cellules basé sur un réseau de condensateurs, bloc-batterie d'équilibrage en cascade et son procédé de commande

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DE102011079253A1 (de) * 2011-07-15 2013-01-17 Osram Ag Schaltungsanordnung und verfahren zum angleichen des ladezustandes von seriell verschalteten energiespeichern
AT513229B1 (de) * 2012-07-17 2018-02-15 Fachhochschule Technikum Wien Vorrichtung zur Symmetrierung von in Serie geschalteten Batterien und Kondensatoren
DE102012015621A1 (de) * 2012-08-07 2014-02-13 Winfried Schimmelpfennig Kapazitives Energieübertragungsverfahren
DE102018126904A1 (de) * 2018-10-29 2020-04-30 Sma Solar Technology Ag Verfahren und Schaltungsanordnung zum Angleichen von Ladespannungen zwischen Energiespeichern
DE102019208207A1 (de) * 2019-06-05 2020-12-10 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft DC/DC-Wandler zur Wandlung einer Gleichspannung im Mittelspannungsbereich in eine Gleichspannung im Niederspannungsbereich

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Cited By (9)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011091919A1 (fr) * 2010-02-01 2011-08-04 Sb Limotive Company Ltd. Batterie à équilibrage inductif des cellules
WO2012084894A1 (fr) * 2010-12-22 2012-06-28 IFP Energies Nouvelles Convertisseur d'equilibrage des cellules d'une batterie electrique
FR2969850A1 (fr) * 2010-12-22 2012-06-29 IFP Energies Nouvelles Convertisseur d'equilibrage des cellules d'une batterie electrique
CN103229384A (zh) * 2010-12-22 2013-07-31 Ifp新能源公司 用于平衡蓄电池的电池单元的转换器
CN103229384B (zh) * 2010-12-22 2015-09-16 Ifp新能源公司 用于平衡蓄电池的电池单元的转换器
US9172257B2 (en) 2010-12-22 2015-10-27 IFP Energies Nouvelles Converter for balancing the cells of an electric battery
US9647570B2 (en) 2012-03-12 2017-05-09 Rct Power Gmbh Photovoltaic system and method of operation
EP2760115A1 (fr) * 2013-01-24 2014-07-30 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé d'équilibrage de tensions de condensateurs dans un circuit intermédiaire
EP4142099A4 (fr) * 2020-06-01 2023-11-01 Qingdao Anjie Energy Technology Co. Ltd. Dispositif d'équilibrage de cellules basé sur un réseau de condensateurs, bloc-batterie d'équilibrage en cascade et son procédé de commande

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