WO2010120041A2 - Éolienne à axe vertical pour générateur d'énergie éolienne - Google Patents

Éolienne à axe vertical pour générateur d'énergie éolienne Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010120041A2
WO2010120041A2 PCT/KR2010/001342 KR2010001342W WO2010120041A2 WO 2010120041 A2 WO2010120041 A2 WO 2010120041A2 KR 2010001342 W KR2010001342 W KR 2010001342W WO 2010120041 A2 WO2010120041 A2 WO 2010120041A2
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Prior art keywords
blade
wind
windmill
tower
vertical axis
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Ceased
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PCT/KR2010/001342
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English (en)
Korean (ko)
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WO2010120041A3 (fr
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박광
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Individual
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/06—Rotors
    • F03D3/062—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/30—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor
    • F05B2240/31—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor of changeable form or shape
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/70—Adjusting of angle of incidence or attack of rotating blades
    • F05B2260/77—Adjusting of angle of incidence or attack of rotating blades the adjusting mechanism driven or triggered by centrifugal forces
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/74—Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a wind power generator, and more particularly, to a vertical axis windmill device for a wind power generator having an advantage of the horizontal axis and vertical axis wind system.
  • Wind power generation is natural energy such as solar energy, and fossil energy such as coal or natural gas emits pollutants and greenhouse gases. These wind power generations have made recent advances to improve the reliability of the equipment, and its superiority as a power generation system using natural energy is increasing. The demand for wind power generation continues to increase globally, and the construction of wind power plants is expected to become more active in the future.
  • Wind generators are classified into horizontal wind turbines and vertical wind turbines according to the direction of rotational axis with respect to the ground.
  • the horizontal axis wind system is a method in which the rotating shaft of the windmill, which is a rotor, rotates horizontally with respect to the ground, and has a blade type, a dutch type, a sail wing type, a propeller type, and the like. It has a distinctive windmill structure.
  • This horizontal axis wind power system is simple in structure and easy to install, but has the disadvantage of being sensitive to wind effects. If the wind speed is irregular, the rotational speed of the motor according to the wind speed and the intensity of the induced current corresponding to the rotational speed change from time to time, there is a problem that the production and supply of electricity using the induced current is not stable.
  • the vertical axis wind system is a method in which the rotating shaft of the windmill, which is a rotor, rotates vertically with respect to the ground.
  • the crossflow, darrieus, sbonius, paddle, etc. It has a windmill structure divided into the back.
  • the vertical axis wind power system has a characteristic advantage of being operated regardless of the direction of the wind, so the desert or the plain is mainly installed and used, and it also includes the advantage that the system does not need a wind tracker and the system price is low.
  • the vertical axis wind system has a disadvantage in that the efficiency is much lower than the horizontal axis wind system.
  • the horizontal axis wind power generator and the vertical axis wind power generator have their advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, efforts have been made to minimize the disadvantages of each method.
  • the vertical axis wind power generator using drag is developed in a small size without limiting the rotational area, and the horizontal axis wind power generator has a low rotational speed and a small rotational area because the drag cannot escape the problem of never moving faster than the wind speed. It was less efficient and had less commercial value.
  • Korean Patent No. 10-0490683 discloses a vertical axis wind power device that allows the pitch angle of the blade to be changed sine as the rotor rotates to achieve a high efficiency of performance.
  • the vertical axis wind power generator of Korean Patent No. 10-0490683 requires a large area for its structure, it is expensive to install and may damage the natural landscape.
  • horizontal axis wind turbines adopt generators that require fast rotation, and mechanical noise of gears and aerodynamic noise caused by rapid rotation during blade rotation cause noise pollution.
  • a propeller-type horizontal axis wind power generator has a relatively high power generation efficiency, but requires a yaw drive device that needs to be controlled in a windy direction, and above all, has a serious noise pollution.
  • the current standard is a rotor speed of 60 m / s, but large megawatt wind turbines have a tip speed of over 100 m / s. It is difficult to escape.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a vertical windmill for wind power generators that has both the advantages of the horizontal axis and the vertical axis wind power system, minimizes noise pollution, and allows the form to be simple and the weight can be reduced compared to the equivalent.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a vertical axis windmill device for enabling a wind turbine generator to implement even a small windmill of less than 10kw to a large MW class wind turbine, without limiting the rotational area, which is a blind spot of the vertical axis windmill structure.
  • the present invention for achieving the above object, in the windmill device for a wind power generator, a tower, a rotating body installed on the nacelle of the top of the tower and rotated, and is connected to the rotating body in the form of an umbrella rod obliquely inclined downward It extends in a straight line and forms an umbrella-type vertical axis windmill structure with a plurality of drag-type blades of which the main wing and the auxiliary wing are bent at an obtuse angle, and the rotational power of the rotor is connected to the accelerator in the nacelle.
  • the windmill device for a wind turbine comprising a tower, a lifting body having a ring-shaped up and down operating platform for lifting up and down the tower and a rotating ring for sliding the circumferential surface of the up and down operating platform, the top of the tower
  • a lifting body having a ring-shaped up and down operating platform for lifting up and down the tower and a rotating ring for sliding the circumferential surface of the up and down operating platform, the top of the tower
  • One end of a plurality of drag-type blades having a structure that can be unfolded and folded by a main blade and an auxiliary wing is connected to the lever shaft portion of the rotating body installed in the nacelle of the corresponding blade base. It is characterized in that the configuration.
  • the windmill device for a wind turbine comprising a tower, a lifting body having a ring-shaped up and down operating platform for lifting up and down the tower and a rotating ring for sliding the circumferential surface of the up and down operating platform, the top of the tower
  • a plurality of blades of a drag type having openings in which a main blade and an auxiliary wing have an obtuse angle, are integrally coupled to each other, and have an opening in which a wind control plate is opened and regulated above a rated wind speed.
  • Corresponding blade pedestals are configured to be linked between the rotary ring and the plurality of blades.
  • the vertical axis windmill in the present invention can extend the length of the blade up to several tens of meters, it can escape from the wind area and rotational area limitation of the vertical axis windmill, and also can change the rotational area of the blade at low wind speed and high wind speed It can increase the annual output by widening the rated output operation range, and can manufacture small-sized generators below 10Kw and large-scale wind generators of MW.
  • the present invention can reduce the aerodynamic noise and mechanical noise significantly because the rotation speed of the rotor is not faster than the wind speed, and can not rotate quickly, but the blade length can be raised up to several tens of meters, so the wind area This becomes wider and can generate a strong torque.
  • the strong torque generated thus converts low speed rotation into a fast rotation through the gearhead, thus obtaining a high output.
  • the present invention can be contrasted to some extent because the yaw drive device for driving in accordance with the wind direction of the horizontal wind power generator in terms of weight and price, and can be obtained in a small size due to the strong torque than the horizontal windmill Therefore, construction and manufacturing costs can be reduced compared to output.
  • the present invention is easy to manufacture by simplifying all the structural principles or shapes to reduce the operating rate to reduce the operating cost and provide an efficient power generation device, it is possible to build an eco-friendly vertical axis wind turbine in terms of design with a small installation area .
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an umbrella-type vertical shaft windmill device according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a nacelle rotating body of the umbrella type vertical shaft windmill device of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a plan view of the inner body of the nacelle of the umbrella type vertical axis windmill device of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a front view of an umbrella-type vertical shaft windmill device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is an enlarged perspective view related to the blade lift angle adjustment assembly of FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view relating to the blade lift angle adjustment assembly of FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 7 is a plan sectional view associated with the blade lift angle adjustment assembly of FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a blade according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is an exploded perspective view of FIG. 8;
  • FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a blade according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a state in which a blade of the umbrella-type vertical axis windmill device according to an embodiment of the present invention is parked
  • FIG. 13 is a circuit block diagram of a control device provided in a nacelle in an umbrella-type vertical shaft windmill device according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of the blade of the umbrella vertical axis windmill device of FIG.
  • FIG. 16 and 17 is a view showing the blade lifting angle adjustment state when the wind turbine is small or medium in the modified example of Figure 14,
  • FIG. 18 is a circuit block diagram of a control device provided in a nacelle when the wind turbine is large in the modified example of FIG. 14;
  • 19 is a view for explaining the rotation area of the blade according to the lifting angle of the blade
  • 20 is an example showing the change in the diameter of the rotational area for each lifting angle of the blade after selecting the length of the blade
  • 21 is a front view of an umbrella-type vertical shaft windmill device according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 22 is an operational state diagram of a blade applied to another embodiment of the present invention of FIG.
  • the vertical axis wind generator is a wind turbine using drag
  • the horizontal axis wind generator is a wind turbine using lift
  • the wind energy obtained is proportional to the rotational area of the impeller. Therefore, doubling the diameter of the windmill, the energy obtained is quadrupled.
  • the drag drag and savonnius windmills which are the representative drag type windmills, perform less than one third of the lift type windmill. Therefore, the drag increases as the area of contact with the direction of motion increases, so the radius of rotation and the blade area must be increased.
  • Equation 1 The basic principle of the cause that the vertical axis windmill is less efficient than the horizontal axis windmill can be expressed based on Equation 1 below, and the wind power P [watt] can be represented by flowing the rotational area A [m2] at the wind speed V [m / s]. have.
  • wind power P is proportional to the third power of air density p, rotational area A and wind speed V. Since the rotation area A is proportional to the square of the diameter of the rotor, the wind power P is proportional to the square of the diameter of the rotor.
  • the vertical axis windmill can not increase the rotational area as the horizontal axis blade due to the deflection of the blade, the general vertical axis windmill that does not have the rotational area as the horizontal axis blade has, of course, the efficiency is inevitably deteriorated.
  • the typical vertical windmill is much smaller than the horizontal windmill rotor conversion rate (Cp ⁇ 0.59) of about 59%, because the wind power conversion ratio of wind power to mechanical power is about 16% (Cp ⁇ 0.16).
  • the low power conversion rate of the vertical axis windmills is due to the reduction of the rotational force due to the low wind speed and the rotational area of the blades.
  • the windmill rotor conversion factor (Cp) is obtained by the formula shown in Equation 2 below.
  • the present invention implements a new type of windmill structure that does not exist in the typical vertical axis windmill type or the typical horizontal axis windmill type, and is an umbrella type umbrella windmill (umbrella) that deviates from the limitation of the rotational area (A).
  • Umbrella-type vertical axis windmill implemented in the present invention has both a simple structure that is an advantage of the horizontal axis windmill and a feature that is not affected by the direction of the wind, which is an advantage of the vertical axis windmill, and also the efficiency of the windmill output that was a disadvantage of the vertical axis rather than the horizontal axis windmill It has the advantage of making it better. That is, the umbrella-type vertical axis windmill of the present invention can change or change the structure of the blade, the lifting angle of the blade, the blade length, etc. in any place in Korea, ie, sea, flat, mountain, where the wind speed is weak or very strong. Through control, high efficiency can generate energy. In addition, the umbrella type vertical windmill implemented in the present invention does not need a yaw drive device for driving the blades to face the wind direction that changes frequently in the horizontal axis windmill structure.
  • FIG. 1 and 21 are perspective views of an umbrella-type vertical shaft windmill device according to an embodiment of the present invention and another embodiment.
  • 2 and 3 are longitudinal cross-sectional views and internal plan views of the nacelle rotating body of the umbrella type vertical axis windmill device of the present invention.
  • the tower 10 the rotating body 14 is installed in the nacelle 12 of the upper end of the tower 10, and the rotating body ( 14) has an umbrella-type vertical axis windmill structure composed of a plurality of blades 16 connected in the form of an umbrella rod.
  • each of the blades 16 of the present invention extends downwardly inclined at an acute angle, and has a characteristic configuration in which the main wings 16a and the auxiliary wings 16b are bent at an obtuse angle.
  • the blade 16 of the present invention is a drag type blade composed of a main blade 16a integrally formed on the blade support bar 16c and an auxiliary blade 16b bent and coupled to the main blade 16a.
  • the blade 16 consisting of the main wing 16a and the auxiliary wing 16b is strongly dragged back when being held by the wind and is pushed backward. When the wind is held by the wind, the blade 16 is formed at an angle to each other to minimize the effect of the drag. The width of the wings will be wider toward).
  • the cross section of the blade 16 of the present invention is " It is formed in the shape of ", and the structure which maximized drag. At this time, in the main blade 16a and the auxiliary wing 16b of the cross-sectional bending shape, the width of the auxiliary wing 16b is relative to the width of the main wing 16a. It is preferable to form more widely.
  • the blade 16 of the present invention has a feature that can be arbitrarily determined to a length suitable for the selection of the rotation area (A) of the blades 16 because the tip (end) is a free end.
  • the blade 16 of the present invention may be lengthened to several tens of meters.
  • Blade 16 installed on the rotating body 14 is preferably formed of a plurality of two to four leaves, when used for power generation, it is preferable to form a three to four leaves advantageous in terms of annual power generation or vibration characteristics and mechanical It is to be understood that in terms of maximizing power energy, it may be possible to select more than one blade.
  • Conventional horizontal axis windmills use the wind force of the lifting force, that is, the force of the difference in the air pressure flowing on the wing surface, whereas the umbrella type vertical axis windmill device of the present invention as described above the blade 16 holding the wind By using the drag force that is pushed back, it is possible to obtain more force compared to a horizontal axis windmill structure using blades of the same area at the same wind speed.
  • the multiple blades 16 connected to the rotor 14 in the nacelle 12 rotate the rotor 14 using the drag of the wind, they cannot rotate faster than the wind speed, but the blade 16 is tens of meters long. Because of the large area of the blade 16 which can be raised and winded, strong torque is generated. Strong torque is generated and the rotational power of the rotating body 14 which rotates at low speed is connected to the speed increaser 42 in the nacelle 14, and the speed increaser 42 converts the speed to the speed required for power generation through the gearbox structure. do. The rotational speed converted by the speed increaser 42 is transmitted to a generator (not shown) in the nacelle 14.
  • the structure of the umbrella-type vertical shaft blade 16 of the present invention is different from the existing vertical shaft blades and can have a wide rotational area because the radius of rotation can extend from several meters to several tens of meters like a conventional horizontal shaft blade.
  • Conventional vertical wind turbines are unable to increase the radius of rotation because the blades are deflected downward when the radius of rotation increases.
  • the umbrella type vertical axis blade 16 of the present invention because the blade itself is inclined downward, there is no deflection unlike the conventional vertical axis blade.
  • the present invention is a vertical axis windmill structure, although the low-speed rotation, but the blade 16 is a drag type bent by the main wing (16a) and the auxiliary wing (16b) and unlike the blade of the conventional horizontal axis windmill toward the tip of the wing (end) Due to the wide wings, the force that transmits the wind force to the rotating shaft acts more, and the rotor 14, which rotates at low speed and is subjected to strong torque, has the same output, even though its length is reduced compared to the rotor of a conventional horizontal shaft wind turbine. Can be obtained.
  • the nacelle 12 is a unit corresponding to the heart of the wind turbine and includes a number of devices for converting the rotational force obtained by the rotor 14 into electrical energy.
  • the nacelle 12 includes conventional components such as a rotor, a speed increaser, a brake device, a generator, and a control device (brake control unit, power control unit, etc.).
  • the rotor 14 of the present invention corresponding to the rotor is in the form of a circular ring plate rack portion 38 formed in the inner peripheral wall portion of the upper hub 14a of the rotor 14 as shown in Figs.
  • the pinion gear 40 is meshed and connected, and the shaft portion 40a of the pinion gear 40 is connected to the gearbox 42 of the gearbox structure.
  • the engagement structure of the rack portion 38 and the pinion gear 40 may be connected by a bevel gear structure when the power transmission direction is different.
  • the shape of the nacelle 12 is cylindrical in order to receive less wind resistance, and the upper portion is preferably formed in a horn shape.
  • the nacelle 12 may have an internal shape capable of soundproofing and dustproofing to reduce internal noise or vibration, or more preferably, to install the soundproofing material and the dustproofing material therein.
  • the rotor 14 of the present invention installed in the nacelle 12 has an upper hub 14a connecting the plurality of blades 16 and a lower support 14b supporting the upper hub 14a such that the upper hub 14a is axially rotated. ), And the lower support portion 14b is fastened to the top of the tower 10.
  • the tower 10 can be constructed in a double structure by installing the foundation in the ground and forming a concrete structure up to two-thirds of the entire length from the foundation and mounting a steel pipe at one third of the concrete structure.
  • another method of constituting the tower 10 may be installed in the ground and the entire tower structure on the foundation may be installed as a steel pipe.
  • the tubular tower 10 structure as described above has an advantage that does not harm the natural beauty compared to the lattice type.
  • the general large vertical axis windmills require a large installation area
  • the umbrella type vertical axis windmill device (2) of the present invention is installed only by the tubular tower (10) like the horizontal axis windmill, occupies a very small installation area and environmental destruction Not much
  • the blade 16 rotates at a low speed, there are almost no bird accidents in which birds collide.
  • the height of the tower 10 should be set in consideration of the wind. Since the wind blows more strongly from the ground, the height of the tower 10 should be set so that the height of the blade tip of the blade 16 is at least 20 meters above the ground. In doing so, it is desirable for various umbrella type vertical axis windmills of the present invention to efficiently use the wind.
  • the vertical axis windmill device 2 for a wind power generator according to an embodiment of the present invention with reference to FIG. 1 is capable of adjusting the lifting angle of the blade 16 to be the basis of the present invention, and the present invention related to FIG. 21.
  • the vertical axis windmill device 2b for a wind turbine according to another embodiment of the present invention is different from each other in that the lifting angle of the blade 16 is fixed at an acute angle.
  • the vertical axis windmill device 2 for the wind power generator 2 related to FIG. 1 has a characteristic configuration having a sliding structure in which the main blade 16a and the auxiliary wing 16b of the blade 16 are extended and folded.
  • the vertical axis windmill device (2b) for the wind turbine according to Figure 21 is that the main blade (16a) and the auxiliary wing (16b) of the blade 16 is integrally formed at an obtuse angle.
  • the vertical shaft windmill device 2 for a wind power generator according to an embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 1 has a lever shaft for rotating the body 14 so as to vary the rotational area of the blades 16 applied according to the present invention.
  • the lifting angle of the blade 16 When the lifting angle of the blade 16 is increased, the radius of rotation of the blades 16 increases, and as the radius of rotation increases, the rated output can be produced even at a weak wind speed. On the contrary, if the lifting angle of the blade 16 is decreased, the radius of rotation of the blades 16 is decreased, and the radius of rotation of the blades 16 is smaller. In other words, the biggest problem of the wind power generator is to smooth the fluctuation of the electric output caused by the change in the wind speed. In the umbrella type vertical axis windmill structure of the present invention, the blade rotation area is changed by adjusting the lifting angle of the blade 16, so The fluctuation is to obtain a smoothed rated output.
  • FIG. 4 is a front view of the vertical axis windmill device 2 for a wind turbine according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 5 is an enlarged perspective view related to the blade lift angle adjustment assembly 20 of FIG. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view relating to the blade lift angle adjustment assembly 20 of FIG. 4
  • FIG. 7 is a plan sectional view related to the blade lift angle adjustment assembly 20 of FIG. 4.
  • the blade lift angle adjustment assembly 20 is connected to the lifting body 22, the lifting body 22, and the lifting body 22 and the respective blades 16 by linking the tower 10, Rotation sensing unit (26 of FIG. 13) and the rotation sensing unit 26, which consists of blade pedestals 24 supporting the blade 16, and detects the rotational speed of the rotor 14
  • the lift control unit (28 in FIG. 13) that controls the lift of the lift body 22 in accordance with the speed is also configured.
  • the elevating body 22 includes a ring-shaped up and down operating table 30 for elevating and elevating the tower 10, and a rotary ring 32 sliding and sliding around the circumferential surface of the up and down operating table 30.
  • the pair of lifting rails 30a and the lifting rail grooves 30b is preferably formed in four pairs on the outer surface of the up and down operating table 30 and the pipe tower 10 so that only up and down operations can be made.
  • a raceway groove is formed on the circumferential surface of the ring-shaped up and down operating table 30 so that the rotary ring 32 is fitted and the fitted rotary ring 32 can slide on the race wear groove. Structure.
  • the lifting body 22 moves the ring-shaped up and down operating platform 30 up and down by a desired position under the lifting control of the lifting control unit 28 in the nacelle 12.
  • a drive actuator (33 in FIG. 6) is also included, and it should be understood that the drive actuator 33 may be implemented as a hydraulic pump or a hydraulic cylinder.
  • the umbrella-type vertical axis windmill device (2) is for a medium or small wind power generator can be implemented without the lifting control unit 28 and the drive actuator (33). That is, if the umbrella-type vertical axis windmill device 2 is for a medium-sized or small wind power generator, a tangier spring is fitted or installed on the tower 10 above the elevating body 22 for rough automatic elevating control of the elevating body 22. (22) can be implemented by hanging on the lifting body 22 by fitting the weight to the tower 10 below.
  • one end is connected to the support bar 16c of the plurality of blades 16.
  • a plurality of link connecting pieces 32a for linking the other end of the 24 are integrally formed.
  • a coupling member 34 having a link connecting piece 34a is fixedly coupled to the support bar 16c of the blades 16 linked with one end of the blade pedestal 24.
  • the upper hub 14a of the rotating body 14 has an upper portion so that the blade 16 can freely rotate when lifted by the blade pedestal 24.
  • the lever shaft portion 36 is integrally formed on the outer circumferential surface, and the support bar 16c side connection portion of each blade 16 is axially connected to the lever shaft portion 36 with a bearing interposed therebetween.
  • the lower side of the upper hub (14a) is provided with a lower support portion (14b) for supporting the upper hub (14a) axially rotated, the lower portion of the upper hub (14a) and the upper portion of the lower support portion (14b) of the circular rail
  • the groove and the circular rail jaw are integrally formed in a locking structure and for smoother sliding, it is preferable to interpose a bearing having a ball retainer on the lower portion of the upper hub 14a and the upper portion of the lower support portion 14b.
  • the blade lifting angle adjustment assembly 20 it is preferable to implement the blade lifting angle adjustment assembly 20 in the same structure as in the embodiment of the present invention, and in another modified example, the coupling member 34 becomes the movable body and the lifting body 22 is fixed. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the blade lift angle adjustment assembly 20 may be implemented.
  • the blade 16 has a sliding structure in which the main wings 16a and the auxiliary wings 16b are unfolded and folded as shown in FIGS. 8 to 11. .
  • FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a blade according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 9 is an exploded perspective view of Figure 8
  • Figure 10 is a cross-sectional view of the blade according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a sliding state diagram of the blade according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • the reference numeral "WD" is a wind blowing direction.
  • the blade 16 of the sliding structure forms an obtuse angle when the main wing (16a) and the auxiliary wing (16b) is unfolded, the main wing (16a) ) And the auxiliary wing 16b are folded to form an acute angle.
  • the blade 16 is holding the wind, and when the main wing 16a and the auxiliary wing 16b are folded, the blade 16 is back winding (backwind). )to be.
  • the main blade 16a and the auxiliary blade 16b of the blade 16 are hinged to the hinge pin stand 17 as shown in the exploded view of FIG. 9 to have a sliding structure, and toward the tip (end) of the blade 16. Wing width gradually formed wider.
  • the tip of the blade 16 is provided with a rod-shaped stopper 18 extending from the hinge pin stand 17.
  • the stopper 18 is used when the blade 16, which was lifted at the lift angle, is fully folded and parked as shown in FIG. 12.
  • the stopper 18 is engaged with the fixed rod 11 of the tower 10. Do it.
  • the fixed rod 11 of the tower 10 is preferably configured to be sunk by the control device in the nacelle 12. This is because when the blade 16 is parked and needs to be rotated again, it is very easy to control the rotation of the blade 16.
  • Blade 16 is preferably made of a fiber-reinforced plastic material or carbon fiber reinforced composite material excellent in weight-to-stiffness ratio to reduce its own weight, it may be formed to have a slightly different material according to each part.
  • the material of the blade 16 may be used as a high-strength aluminum material.
  • FIG. 13 is a circuit block diagram of a control device provided in the nacelle 12 in the umbrella-type vertical shaft windmill device 2 according to an embodiment of the present invention, and includes a rotation sensing unit 26, a lifting control unit 28, and a speed increaser. 42, the speed increaser control part 44, the generator 46, the switch part 48, the brake control part 50, and the brake 52 are included.
  • the rotation sensing unit 26 senses the rotational speed of the rotating body 14 and outputs it to the elevating control unit 28 and the brake control unit 50, and the elevating control unit 28 detects the rotational speed detected by the rotation sensing unit 26.
  • the lifting and lowering of the lifting body 22 is controlled according to (vs).
  • the elevating control unit 28 controls the elevating body 22 to be raised when the rotational speed of the rotating body 14 rotating by the drag of the blades 16 decreases due to the wind speed, and the wind speed is strong so that the rotating body ( When the rotational speed of 14 is increased, the lifting body 22 is controlled to descend.
  • the speed increaser 14 converts the rotation speed from the pinion gear 40 which has received the rotational power of the rotating body 14 on the basis of a preset speed ratio in the gearbox, and increases the rotational power of the speed reducer 42. Under the control of the shorthand control section 44, it is transmitted to one of the plurality of power generation sections 46-1, 46-2, ..., 46-n of the generator 46 of the present invention.
  • the generator 46 employed in the present invention has a plurality of power generation units 46-1, 46-2, ..., 46-n having a pole number in the range of approximately 12 to 20 poles, which is rated In order to maintain the output while simultaneously reducing mechanical noise.
  • Noise generated in the wind turbine is mechanical noise and aerodynamic noise due to rapid rotation
  • the various umbrella type vertical axis windmill device of the present invention is a low speed of about 10 rotations per minute preferably aerodynamic noise against the wind 95% is gone. This is roughly equivalent to an average of 30 revolutions per minute of horizontal windmills.
  • the main cause of the mechanical noise generated by wind turbines is the cogwheel, or gear teeth. Therefore, if the gearbox is equipped with a large gearbox having excellent gear shifting capability, that is, a gearbox equipped with many gears, to reduce the mechanical noise caused by the low speed rotation of the present invention, in order to adaptively secure the rated output even at various wind speeds. But you can't reduce more mechanical noise. Therefore, in the present invention, by reducing the size of the gearbox of the gearbox structure as much as possible, and by implementing a plurality of poles of the generator, the mechanical noise can be reduced to about one third as compared to the case where it is not. However, since the number of poles is about 12 to 20 many generators are used, the weight is heavy and somewhat expensive to install the generator, but the yaw drive of the horizontal axis wind turbine is not used in the present invention, there is still an economic advantage.
  • the rated output is increased when the number of poles of the generator 46 is increased even if the output frequency of the amplifier 42 is slightly lower. I can keep it.
  • the output rpm of the speed increaser 42 which is preferable to reduce the mechanical noise of the amplifier 42 is 350-600 [rpm].
  • the brake control unit 50 obtains the rotational speed of the rotating body 14 from the rotation detecting unit 26, and first lifts the blade by the elevating control unit 28 when the blade 16 is completely set up due to a failure or the like. After confirming that this is sufficiently reduced, the brake 52 is controlled to be braked. In addition, when the rotation of the rotating body 14 is stopped, the brake control unit 50 drives the lifting body 22 precisely through the lifting control unit 28 again so that the blade 16 is held close to the tower 10 so that the blade is close to the blade 10. The stopper 18 of 16 controls the locking rod 11 of the tower 10 to be locked.
  • Blade 16 of the umbrella-type vertical axis windmill device 2 may be in a form other than the sliding structure shown in Figs.
  • FIG. 14 is an overall configuration diagram of the umbrella-type vertical axis windmill device 2a modified in one embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of the blade 16 of the umbrella-type vertical axis windmill device 2a of FIG. 16 and 17 are views illustrating a state in which the blade lift angle is adjusted when the wind turbine is small in the modified example of FIG. 14.
  • the blade lift angle adjustment assembly 20 of FIG. 1 is used as it is. However, when the small and medium types are implemented, the lifting body 22 is moved up and down. There is no need for a separate drive actuator (33 in FIG. 6).
  • the deformed blade 16 employed in the umbrella-type vertical axis windmill device 2 of FIG. 14 is a fixed type in which the main blade 16a and the auxiliary wing 16b are integrally fixed at an obtuse angle, and the main blade 16a and the auxiliary wing ( 16b) A plurality of openings 60 are formed in each, and each of the openings 60 is provided with a sliding opening / closing panel 64.
  • the wind control plates 64 are preferably arranged and fixed to both sides of the operating rod 62 slidably installed in the internal operating hole of the blade 16.
  • the operating rod 62 having the wind control plates 64 is configured such that the support piece 72 is supported by the spring 70 provided in the spring operation groove 68 in the upper support bar 16a of the blade 16.
  • the operation of the bullet will work.
  • the pull line 66 of the upper end of the operating rod 62 protrudes out of the connection portion of the support bar 16c in the blade 16 to be fixed to the upper hub 14a of the rotor 14, but preferably It is connected and fixed opposite the lever shaft portion 36 of the upper hub 14a which is axially connected to the connecting portion of the blade 16.
  • Umbrella-type vertical shaft windmill device (2a) of the blade 16 having the structure as described above is the elevating control unit 28 and the elevating body for controlling the elevating position of the elevating body 22 of the blade lifting angle adjustment assembly 20
  • the drive actuator (33 in Fig. 6) for the elevating drive of 22 is not necessary.
  • the plurality of openings 60 formed in the blade 16 are closed by the respective wind control plates 64 when the lift angle of the blade 16 is narrow, that is, when the blade 16 is almost upright.
  • the spring 70 in the spring actuating groove portion 68 built in the upper support bar 16a of the blade 16 is pressed by its own weight and is in a compressed state (see Fig. 16).
  • the blade 16 When the opening 60 of the blade 16 is opened, the blade 16 receives less drag of the wind, so that the lifted blade 16 is rotated while being lowered again while the lifting angle is decreased.
  • the rotating body 14 can be rotated at an appropriate rotation speed suitable for the rated output.
  • 16 and 17 is a modified example of the sliding control of the wind control plate 64 using the spring 70, which is a useful structure when applying a small wind power generator.
  • a piston pump P such as a hydraulic pump or a hydraulic cylinder shown in FIG. 18 instead of the spring 70, and the hydraulic control of the piston pump P is rotated. It is preferably made by the lift controller 28 in response to the detection of the rotational speed of the detector 26.
  • FIG. 18 is a circuit block diagram of a control device provided in a nacelle when the wind turbine is medium or large in the modified example of FIG. 14.
  • the lifting control unit 28 controls the piston pump P of the blade 16 to automatically adjust the opening size through the wind control plate 64 and automatically adjust the lifting angle of the blade 16.
  • FIG. 18 The remaining components in FIG. 18 are the same as the components described with reference to FIG. 13, and thus descriptions thereof will be omitted.
  • the maximum efficiency of rated power is shown within the range of 12-16m / s wind speed, and the minimum starting wind speed must be 4m / s at least to operate.
  • the umbrella type vertical axis windmill device of the present invention uses a drag type wing structure and a blade lift angle variable control structure that rotates with the wind, so that the maximum efficiency of the rated output can be shown at wind speeds of 10 m / s or less and 16 m / s or more, and It can be operated even when the starting wind speed is about 2m / s.
  • the umbrella type vertical axis windmill device 2 of the present invention increases the lift angle of the blade 16 when the wind speed is weak, induces a quick rotation even with the weak wind, and outputs the rated output when the wind speed is strong. This is because it lowers the angle of lift and weakens the response of the strong wind, which leads to the rated output.
  • the starting wind speed is possible at 2 m / s, and the rotation speed of the rotating body 14 can be reduced even in the strong wind, thereby widening the range of cut-in and cut-out. have.
  • the elevating control unit 28 in the nacelle 12 has an elevating body 22 to output a rated output according to the rotational force of the rotating body 14 through the rotating sensing unit 26 that senses the rotational speed of the rotating body 14. Move up and down to adjust the lifting angle of the blade 16.
  • the elevating control unit 28 periodically checks the rotational speed detected by the rotation sensing unit 26 to control the elevating body 22 (for example, every 10 minutes), and accumulates and averages the rotational speeds periodically checked ( For example, 1 hour cumulative average value), and the lifting body 22 is drive-controlled by the result value.
  • the lifting control unit 28 raises the lifting body 22 to increase the lifting angle of the blade 16, and when the rotation of the rotating body 14 is at high rotation.
  • the lifting body 22 is lowered to narrow the lifting angle of the blade 16 so that the rated output can be converged to the number of revolutions of the generator that can be maintained.
  • a large lift angle of the blade 16 means that the rotational area of the blade 16 is wide, and a small lift angle of the blade 16 means that the blade 16 is narrow. do.
  • the force to rotate the axis of rotation is less than when the blade lift angle (rotation area) is small, which is based on the principle of lever .
  • 19 is a view for explaining the rotation area of the blade according to the lifting angle of the blade.
  • the rotational radius of the blade 16 follows the concentric circle of "B" which is twice as large as the rotational radius than turning the rotational axis so as to follow the concentric circle of "A” of 5m. If the rotation axis is rotated, the rotational distance (rotation circumference) of the blade 16 is doubled, but the rotational force is reduced in half.
  • the maximum angle of the lifting angle of the blade 16 is preferably 70 °, the blade 16 ) Can be set to a few tens of meters, as shown in Table 1 can be set to 50 meters.
  • Table 1 shows an example of the diameter of the maximum rotational area for each length (10 to 50 meters) of the blade 16 when the blade 16 is heard at a maximum lifting angle of 70 °.
  • Increasing the diameter of the rotating area has an important meaning of increasing the wind power of the wind turbine.
  • the diameter of the rotating area of the blade 16 is 38.2 meters, and the maximum rotating area when the lifting angle of the blade 16 reaches a maximum of 70 °.
  • the diameter of the rotating area of the blade 16 can be adjusted to 0 to 47 meters. This means that the diameter of the rotating area can be adjusted means that the wind power to be obtained by the wind turbine can be adjusted.
  • Table 2 below shows the diameter and the rotation circumference of the rotational area for each length of the blade of the umbrella-type vertical axis windmill device 2 of the present invention based on the maximum lifting angle of the blade 16, each average wind speed
  • the maximum rotational speed of the rotating body for each capacity is mentioned as an example.
  • the umbleller-type vertical axis wind turbines are expected to be economically below 200-400 kw. Larger wind turbines will be more favorable in strong winds.
  • the umbrella type vertical axis windmill device 2 of the present invention since the umbrella type vertical axis windmill device 2 of the present invention generates a strong torque for the rotation of the rotor 14, the amplification ratio range of the speed increase gear in the speed increaser 42 is increased to increase the speed increaser 42. If a high turnover is implemented, a large wind power generator will be possible.
  • FIG. 21 is a front view of an umbrella-type vertical shaft windmill device 2b according to another embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 22 is an operating state diagram of a blade applied to another embodiment of the present invention of FIG.
  • Umbrella-type vertical axis windmill device 2b has a blade 16 is different from the basic blade 16 of the vertical axis windmill device 2 of FIG.
  • the main wing (16a) and the auxiliary wing (16b) of the fixed type is fixed integrally at an obtuse angle.
  • the lifting angle of the blade 16 is not variable but is fixed at an acute angle.
  • Acute angle fixed lifting angle can be up to 70 °, and it is very advantageous to secure a characteristic advantage of the present invention, preferably, a fixed lifting angle is formed within a range of 40 ° to 70 °.
  • the blade 16 of the umbrella-type vertical axis windmill device 2b is formed with the large openings 82 are formed in the main blade 16a and the auxiliary wing 16b, respectively, and the large opening 82
  • the wind control plate 80 is installed to open and close. Opening and closing of the wind control plate 80 may be implemented by the retraction of the rear, etc., the opening control of the wind control panel 80 should be implemented to be made when the wind above the rated wind speed.
  • the rated wind speed means the minimum wind power that can generate design power to the wind motor.
  • the retractable wind control plate 80 is opened while being flipped back when hit by strong wind, the opening degree of the back opening is controlled according to the wind and, on the contrary, when the wind is back, it is preferable that the structure is easily opened to the opposite side.
  • the flip wind control plate 80 is connected to one side of the outer side of the quadrilateral opening 82 by a hinge shaft 84 interposed with a slidable front return spring.
  • the remaining three sides of the wind control plate 80 may be configured to fit in the large opening (82). Then, when the strong wind is hit, the wind control plate 80 is flipped back and forth as much as the biasing force of the return spring (see the right blade 16 of the tower 10 in Fig.
  • the front when the blade 16 is against the wind The biasing force of the return spring does not work and is easily flipped open to the front of the blade 16 (see the left blade 16 of the tower 10 in FIG. 21).
  • the wind control plate 80 of the blade 16 is opened when the strong wind blows so as to match the rated output.
  • the umbrella type vertical shaft windmill device 2b according to another embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 21 may be applied to a large size, but is more suitable when a small windmill is manufactured.
  • the structure does not require the blade lift angle adjustment assembly 20. to be.
  • reference numeral 86 denotes a blade lift angle fixing reinforcement ring which supports the upper portions of the blades 16 in a concentric manner.
  • the small umbrella-type vertical axis windmill device (2b) as described above because its rotation speed is faster than the large size, it is possible to simply produce a speed increase device, a brake device, and a generator in the nacelle 12 to produce power from several Kw to tens of Kw. .
  • the Umbrella-type vertical axis windmill device 2b shown in FIG. 21 may generate a centrifugal force while rotating, thereby causing a force for the blade 16 to rise.
  • the centrifugal force is small, and the small centrifugal force is safely prevented by the blade lifting angle fixing reinforcement ring 86. .
  • the umbrella type vertical axis windmill device of the present invention since the umbrella type vertical axis windmill device of the present invention generates power by using drag, it has an excellent effect on a small wind power generator because it generates a strong torque with a blade having a short rotating area diameter.
  • the umbrella-type vertical axis windmill device of the present invention since the umbrella-type vertical axis windmill device of the present invention generates centrifugal force while rotating, the stronger wind makes the centrifugal force stronger and supports the tower more safely. It's like a spinning top doesn't fall well. Therefore, the umbrella-type vertical axis windmill device of the present invention can be installed in a remote island or desert that should be operated unattended if it has an automatic transmission capability.
  • the present invention can be used for wind power generation.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne une éolienne pour générateur d'énergie éolienne. Ladite éolienne possède une structure d'éolienne à axe vertical de type parapluie qui comprend : une tour ; un corps rotatif monté rotatif dans une nacelle située au sommet de la tour ; et une pluralité de pales de type traînée fixées au corps rotatif de manière à rappeler des baleines de parapluie et qui descendent de façon inclinée selon un angle aigu. Chaque pale se compose d'une pale principale et d'une pale secondaire qui sont reliées entre elles afin de former un article courbé selon un angle obtus. La puissance tournante du corps rotatif est liée à une boîte multiplicatrice d'engrenage située dans la nacelle.
PCT/KR2010/001342 2009-04-13 2010-03-03 Éolienne à axe vertical pour générateur d'énergie éolienne Ceased WO2010120041A2 (fr)

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KR1020090031892A KR100912430B1 (ko) 2009-04-13 2009-04-13 풍력발전기용 수직축 풍차장치

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