WO2010142727A1 - Procédé de régulation d'un chauffage d'aiguilles de rail - Google Patents

Procédé de régulation d'un chauffage d'aiguilles de rail Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010142727A1
WO2010142727A1 PCT/EP2010/058089 EP2010058089W WO2010142727A1 WO 2010142727 A1 WO2010142727 A1 WO 2010142727A1 EP 2010058089 W EP2010058089 W EP 2010058089W WO 2010142727 A1 WO2010142727 A1 WO 2010142727A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
delta
temperature
heating element
heat source
heat
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2010/058089
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jörg MOHRICH
Wolfram Zeise
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Balfour Beatty PLC
Original Assignee
Balfour Beatty PLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Balfour Beatty PLC filed Critical Balfour Beatty PLC
Priority to EP10721828A priority Critical patent/EP2440707A1/fr
Publication of WO2010142727A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010142727A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B7/00—Switches; Crossings
    • E01B7/24—Heating of switches

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for controlling a point heating, wherein the power of a on a
  • the invention also relates to a control for a
  • Point heating which has a heating element connected to the switch part, with a temperature measuring device to a switch part and a control device controlling the power input into the heating element.
  • switches are provided with heaters.
  • heaters either on the stock rail of the switch or - in rarer cases - attached to the tongue electrical heating elements that extend in longitudinal extension of the tongue or the stock rail.
  • other heaters e.g. known with gas, hot air or hot water.
  • a point heater with two radiators on the stock rail is described in which a temperature sensor is arranged in the middle of the two radiators on the stock rail, by means of which an actuator for the heating is controlled.
  • This is intended to achieve energy savings compared to the simple on / off control.
  • special weather conditions such as heavy snowfall, flying snow or ice waste from trains due to heat and energy surplus and possibly by additional sensors, the only digitally this events can be noticed. For this, more energy is used in existing regulations than would actually be necessary for defrosting.
  • EP 1 262 597 A2 discloses a point heater of the type mentioned in the introduction, in which the heat input into the stock rail is to be made possible by means of a liquid heating medium, in contrast to conventional electric heaters.
  • a shaped element has two heat channels, which lie in the region of the rail head and in the region of the rail foot.
  • the distance between the two channels is maintained either by fixing them directly in these areas, for example glued, or that between them a spacer is provided, which also allows attachment via the rail bolts.
  • the spacer in the disclosed form only insufficiently achieves a clamping force on the connection of the heat channels to the stock rail, which increase the heat transfer resistance therebetween, which also speaks against the use of a low flow temperature.
  • the heat transfer is not so defined and reproducible that it can be done to optimize the heating power. Due to the geothermal heat generating device high required flow temperature only low energy efficiency can be achieved. The advantage of heat energy production from geothermal energy is at least partially lost due to the high flow temperature required for the energy input. Also, the proportion of heat loss due to heat radiation increases at higher flow temperatures.
  • the object of the invention is now to improve the energy efficiency of point heaters at least while maintaining the reliability.
  • This object is achieved according to the method in that the heat output from the heating element in the switch part over a uniform over the longitudinal extent of the heating element heat conduction is defined and reproducibly introduced and that significant parameters of a at the switch part, on which the heating element is arranged adjusting temperature profile be determined. These parameters are used to set the power P mod provided to the heating element.
  • the parameters determined in this way can be used to determine exactly the heat requirement required for the functionality of the heater.
  • a condition for carrying out the method is that a defined and reproducible heat transfer between the heating element and the switch part is made. The provision of the required heating power is then done with the very specific parameters, whereby a high accuracy of the control is achieved.
  • the defined and reproducible introduction of the heat output can be realized in particular by virtue of the fact that the heat output takes place via a molded element connected in a heat-conducting manner to the switch part. Since the heat transfer takes place completely and safely, one can redundant increase in heating power, which is previously required for safe heating, omitted, which on the one hand already causes a reduction in heating power and on the other hand so that the inventive control is possible.
  • the control can be effective both if the heat output is provided from a fludidem heating medium as well as from an electrical power.
  • Dependence of a spatial and / or temporal gradient of the temperature of the heating element to the switch part from a plurality of stored weather and heat demand states corresponding to values of the gradients and containing parameters for the power to be adjusted is set.
  • parameters for the representation of the temperature profile so the gradients are used.
  • a spatial gradient can be determined by setting the power P mod to be introduced as a function of a temperature difference between two points at a different distance from the heating element.
  • This spatial distance allows the determination of a spatial gradient.
  • a variant of the method according to the invention provides that the power P mod to be introduced as a function of itself after a time difference after a change in the
  • Adjustment of the introduced in the heating element power adjusting temperature difference is set.
  • the temperature difference is in very simple way to express for the temperature profile.
  • a point in time for example, a point in the steady state, ie the state of least temporal changes, can be selected.
  • the accuracy of the power setting can be increased by additionally adjusting the power P mod to be introduced as a function of the temperature T A of the surroundings of the switch part.
  • a temperature T 1 at a first temperature sensor (6) which is at a first distance (7) from the heating element (2) is measured from this first temperature Tl and a temperature T 11 of the heating element (2) determines a temperature difference .DELTA.T and the power P mod of the heating element (2) is set. Since the set power to the heating element (2) is known, its temperature T 11 is known.
  • a change in the profile shape of the temperature profile by the measurement of the temperature T 1 at a first temperature sensor, which is located at a first distance to the heating element, and the temperature T 2 at a second temperature sensor, which is located at a second distance to the heating element, is determined.
  • the power P mod of the heating element is set.
  • a further embodiment of the method provides that a calculation of a temporal change of the temperature T 1 determined with the first temperature sensor, namely .DELTA.Tl / .DELTA.t and / or a calculation of a change over time of the temperature T 2 determined with the second temperature sensor, namely .DELTA.T 2 / .DELTA.t and / or a temporal change in the temperature difference .DELTA.T, namely .DELTA.T / .DELTA.t done and based on at least one of the variables .DELTA.T, AT 1 Mt, .DELTA.T 2 / .DELTA.t or .DELTA.T / .DELTA.t an adjustment of the heating power P is made and the heating element with a thus determined Power P mod is operated.
  • This makes it possible to include dynamic changes in the power setting, which increases their accuracy and accuracy.
  • the control deviation and the control difference are reduced.
  • the regulation takes place via a software controller.
  • the software contains tables or databases. It is appropriate that at discrete dates at least one of
  • Parameters .DELTA.T, AT 1 Mt, .DELTA.T 2 / .DELTA.t or .DELTA.T / .DELTA.t corresponding associated initial specified data corresponding Wien Struktursparameter be stored table or matrix-like.
  • Heating performance parameters are then retrieved and adjusted according to the values.
  • Ambient temperatures T A are stored and the current ambient temperature T A are retrieved.
  • the object is achieved on the arrangement side by a control for a point heater, in which the heating element is connected to the switch element with a uniform over the longitudinal extent of the heating element heat conduction and a first temperature sensor is arranged at a first distance to the heating element and the temperature sensor connected to a computing unit is, in which a temperature difference .DELTA.T is made to a second determined or calculated temperature.
  • the invention makes it possible to meet the heat demand of a switch, i. the amount of heat to be supplied to a switch to ensure full reliability, to be determined with little technical effort.
  • this eliminates sensors, as required in the prior art.
  • a factor influencing the heat demand is the precipitate to which the switch may be exposed.
  • Other influencing factors are ice or wind.
  • precipitation sensors show a high technical complexity, since they are just to protect against the external harsh conditions of railway operations. For example, they are equipped with elaborate, robust housings and sturdy fasteners, as well as bird protection grilles.
  • the invention now avoids the use of such secondary sensors, since the arrangement and the control method already takes into account these effects of the weather without requiring special sensors for this purpose.
  • the heating element consists of a molding element which has a heat source space which receives a heat source.
  • the form element is with the switch element below the Head of the stock rail or the switch blade arranged. It is designed so that the heat source space is connected over the entire turnout element facing the contact surface heat-conducting with the switch element.
  • the heat source space is designed as an elongated cavity whose longitudinal axis extends in the direction of the longitudinal extension of the switch element.
  • the mold element can be developed by arranging therein a first such heat source space and a second such heat source space in a distance to the first heat source space to be measured transversely to the longitudinal extension of the mold element, wherein both heat source spaces receive heat sources and are connected to one another in a heat-conducting manner.
  • the heat source space receives a liquid or a gaseous medium as a heat source by being connected to a heating source for liquid or gaseous medium.
  • the first heat source space is connected to a flow and the second heat source space with a return of the heat source or vice versa.
  • the heat source space receives an electric heating element as a heat source.
  • the heat transfer from the electric heating element to the mold element can be optimally designed. Since the heat transfer from the mold element to the switch element is optimally designed, it is thus ensured in contrast to the prior art, where a tubular heater is clamped to the switch element, that the heat output is defined and reproducibly introduced.
  • a second temperature sensor is provided at a second distance to the heating element.
  • the two temperature sensors are connected to the arithmetic unit, in which a temperature difference to ⁇ T is made.
  • the concrete implementation of the determined parameters is further provided that in the computing unit or a part connected to the computing unit memory, a database is stored, the data determined for the parameters .DELTA.T AT 1 Mt, .DELTA.T 2 / .DELTA.t or .DELTA.T / .DELTA.t initial appropriate heating parameters Setting the corresponding heating power parameters contains.
  • the accuracy of the power setting can be increased by including the ambient temperature.
  • a temperature sensor of the environment around the switch element measuring temperature sensor is arranged and connected to the computing unit.
  • Fig. 1 is a stock rail of a switch and with the Operation of a point heater resulting temperature profile and
  • Fig. 2 the stock rail with heating element and temperature sensors.
  • FIG. 3 shows a frontal front view of a molded element for improving the heat conduction
  • FIG. 5 shows a cross section through a switch in the region of a
  • FIG. 6 shows a cross section through a stock rail with a mold element with two heat source spaces
  • FIG. 7 shows a cross section through a stock rail with a
  • FIG. 8 shows a cross section through a stock rail with a form element with an electric pipe heater in a heat source space
  • Fig. 9 is a cross sectional view of a switch tongue with an inventive mold member with two heat sources evacuate ⁇ ,
  • FIG. 10 shows a cross section through a switch tongue with a molding element with an electric tubular heater in a heat source space
  • Fig. 11 shows a cross section through a stock rail with a mold element according to the invention with two heat sources ⁇ spaces with a one-piece spring holder and
  • Fig. 12 shows a cross section through a stock rail with a
  • Form element with two heat source spaces with a clamping device Form element with two heat source spaces with a clamping device.
  • the invention is described here using the example of the use of a stock rail.
  • the same principle can be applied to other switch parts, such as the switch tongue, if there is a heating element of the point heater is attached, or other heaters, which are generally used to overcome the effects of frost on the reliability.
  • the profile assumes different configurations in its stable state under different weather conditions.
  • a different temperature gradient than a damp or wet-cold weather.
  • calm cold weather for example, above an air temperature of -1O 0 C only required to operate the point heating with a low power supply, especially if the stock rail is still sunlit, whereas from 3 0 C and humid weather, a higher heating capacity is required .
  • the adjustment of the heating power is made possible according to the invention by determining that in wet cold weather from the stock rail 1 by the better thermal conductivity associated with the heat capacity of the ambient air more easily dissipated heat from the stock rail 1 and the temperature gradient away from the heating element gets steeper.
  • the shape of the temperature profile or the spatial temperature gradient is an expression of the energy requirement of the stock rail as a function of the current environmental conditions.
  • a temporal change of the temperature profile or the temporal temperature gradient are statements about the conditions to which the stock rail 1 is exposed. If, for example, ice or snow is thrown onto the switch by a traversing train, this causes an instantaneous change in the profile shape when the heating element 2 is switched on. But even if the heating element 2 is turned off and only turned on, there is a significant change in the temporal behavior in the construction of the profile to the last switching operation and the profile shape is another.
  • a change in the profile shape of the temperature profile is determined in a simple manner, namely by measuring the temperature at a first temperature sensor 6, which is located at a first distance 7 to the heating element 2 and a second temperature sensor 8, located in a second distance 9 to the heating element 2 is located. With the resulting temperature difference .DELTA.T then the power of the heating element 2 is set.
  • the two temperature sensors 6 and 8 are connected to a computing unit 10, which access to initital determined and stored weather and heat demand conditions can. These pre-set weather and heat demand conditions guarantee optimal heat profiles. Of course, to ensure the function, the necessary energy must be available. But then never more energy is supplied, as actually necessary.
  • the difference is made to .DELTA.T.
  • .DELTA.T can also be a calculation of a change over time of the temperature T 1 determined with the first temperature sensor 6, namely AT 1 ZAt and / or a calculation of a change with time of the temperature T 2 determined by the second temperature sensor 8, namely .DELTA.T 2 / .DELTA.t and / or a temporal change of
  • Temperature difference .DELTA.T namely .DELTA.T / .DELTA.t done.
  • the arithmetic unit 10 takes on the basis of at least one of the variables .DELTA.T, AT 1 Mt, .DELTA.T 2 / .DELTA.t or .DELTA.T / .DELTA.t via a power adjusting device 11, a setting of the heating power P before.
  • the heating element 2 is always operated with a power P mod , the actual
  • Energy requirement of the stock rail 1 corresponds. This can be used to minimize overheating, overshooting or at least unnecessary energy consumption.
  • each data field of these parameters .DELTA.T AT 1 Mt, .DELTA.T 2 / .DELTA.t or .DELTA.T / .DELTA.t initially detected data of respective heating parameters are stored in matrix fashion, for example, in a database and are retrieved values and set accordingly.
  • Temperature sensor 6 required.
  • a certain temperature T 11 established.
  • the difference .DELTA.T or a time derivative thereof from the temperature detected via the temperature sensor 6 and the temperature T 11 , which corresponds to the power supplied to the heating element 2 then determined.
  • a defined and reproducible entry of the heat output is required. This is realized in the embodiment by means of a heating element 2, which is designed as a mold element 12, as will be described below.
  • the mold element 12 is shown in various forms in FIGS. 3 and 12. As shown in FIGS. 3 to 8, 11 and 12, this mold element 12 is provided for mounting on the outside 13 of a stock rail 1. This outer side 13 represents the side of the stock rail 1 facing away from a switch tongue 15. Here, the mold element 12 is arranged in the tab chamber 14.
  • the mold element 12 has a through hole 16 which correspond to through holes 16 in the stock rail 1 and through which a bolt 17 can be inserted therethrough, as shown in Fig. 3, which can then be bolted to a nut 18.
  • the mold element 12 is fixed in the longitudinal direction of the stock rail 1 and is pressed at this point to the surface of the rail web 19 of the stock rail 1.
  • the mold element 12 is provided as the part of the arrangement for heating rail switches, which introduces heat into the stock rail 1.
  • 12 heat sources are provided within the mold ⁇ element.
  • the mold element 12 itself is designed such that the heat of the heat sources is conducted over the entire contact surface 20 to the stock rail 1.
  • the heat sources are designed in such a way that an upper bead 21 pointing to the rail head 4 is provided, which is provided with a first heat source space 22. Furthermore, a pointing to the rail 5 lower bead 23 is provided, which is provided with a second heat source space 24. Both heat source spaces 22 and 24 can accommodate heat sources that can be designed in various ways. So it is possible by the
  • Heat source spaces to conduct a liquid or a gaseous medium It is also possible to incorporate in this heat source chambers 22 and 24 corresponding electrically insulated electrical heating elements.
  • thermally conductive connecting web 25 is provided between the upper 21 and the lower bead 23 .
  • the heat ⁇ conductive properties of this connecting web 25 are realized on the one hand by the choice of materials.
  • the connecting web 25 consists, like the entire mold element 12, of a good (heat) conductive material, such as aluminum or copper.
  • this connecting web 25 has a thickness 26, which provides heat conduction from the heat ⁇ source chambers 22 and 24 such that a heat input into the rail web 19 of the stock rail 1 over the entire surface via the contact surface 20 takes place.
  • Copper or aluminum is recommended here a thickness 26 of preferably 7 mm to 26 mm, preferably 10 mm. This thickness 26 also causes a high mechanical strength, so that the clamping forces can be completely transferred from the mold member 12 to the stock rail 1.
  • the mold member 12 is made of extruded profile, as can be done in the other embodiments.
  • the insulating effect can be enhanced if a further insulating layer 29, as shown in Fig. 7, is applied to the outer surface 27.
  • the design of this insulating layer 29 also offers the advantage that it is to make a smooth outer surface.
  • two hollow chambers 28 are arranged in the direction of the contact surface 20 to the outer surface 27 in succession, whereby further the insulating effect is increased.
  • an electrical heating element is inserted positively in the form of a ⁇ Heating element body 30. Due to the design of the mold element 12, in particular by the width of the connecting web 25, a good heat distribution to the entire contact surface 20 is made possible.
  • the heat source space 22 is designed as a groove 31 which is open toward the contact surface 20 and into which the heating element is inserted from the side of the contact surface 20.
  • Fig. 9 and Fig. 10 it is shown that the mold member 12 is disposed on the switch blade 15, on the upper side 32 of a foot 33 on the outer side 34 of the switch blade 15, which faces away from the switch blade rail 1 associated with the switch blade 15. This is achieved, inter alia, that under the foot 33 located, not shown in detail contact surface for sliding chair is heated.
  • Fig. 11 and Fig. 12 it is shown that the mold element 12 is non-positively connected by means of a clamping element 35 with the stock rail 1.
  • a similar mounting possibility is possible for a mold element 12 on the foot 33 of the switch tongue 15, even if this is not shown here.
  • the clamping element 35 has a first clamping part 36, which is connected to the rail foot 5, and a second clamping part 37 with a mold element 12 pressing against the rail web 19 clamping unit 38.
  • a clamping screw 39 which is screwed into a threaded bore 40 lying perpendicular to the rail web 19 and which presses on a pressure piece 41, the mold element 12 can be secured to the rail web 19.
  • the first clamping part 36 has a first collet 43, which acts on one side of the rail foot 5, and a second
  • the connection 46 between the first 36 and the second clamping part 37 is elastic, so that the shaped element 12 is pressed against the rail web 19 by an elastic frictional connection.
  • the embodiment according to FIG. 12 provides a clamping element 35 whose first clamping part 36 and second clamping part 37 are integrally connected to one another.
  • the clamping element 35 is designed as a spring element made of spring metal.
  • the second clamping part 37 engages under the rail foot 5, and the first clamping part 36 resiliently presses the mold element 12 against the rail web 19th
  • the heat source spaces 22 and 24 in Fig. 6, Fig. 7, Fig. 9, 11 and 12 are intended to receive a liquid or a gaseous medium as a heat source, by each of the one heat source space, 22 or 24, with a flow and the other heat source space, 24 or 22, with a return of a non-illustrated
  • Heat source or better hot water heater is connected.
  • the power may be at a crossover with conventional electric heating 10 kW and more to the demand of some rail infrastructure operator, which at - 2O 0 C outside temperature by heating has the rail temperature to +3 0 C are bound to comply.
  • Temperature difference between the heat sources and the rail switch to introduce This makes it possible in particular to work, for example, with low flow temperatures in liquid or gaseous media. Among other things, this also allows the use of geothermal heat generation. It also makes it possible to minimize heat loss due to heat radiation.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Railway Tracks (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de régulation d'un chauffage d'aiguilles de rail, selon lequel la puissance de chauffage des aiguilles est régulée en fonction de différentes conditions environnementales, ainsi qu'un système de régulation d'un chauffage d'aiguilles comprenant un dispositif de mesure de la température monté sur une partie d'aiguille de rail, comme une contre-aiguille ou une lame d'aiguille, et un système de réglage commandant l'apport en énergie dans l'élément de chauffage. Le but de l'invention est d'améliorer l'efficacité énergétique de chauffage des aiguilles, tout au moins en préservant la sécurité fonctionnelle des aiguilles. A cet effet, il est procédé à un calcul des paramètres déterminants d'un profil de température qui s'établit au niveau de la partie d'aiguille de rail sur laquelle est monté l'élément chauffant puis, à l'aide de ces paramètres, la puissance Pmod à introduire dans l'élément de chauffage est calculée.
PCT/EP2010/058089 2009-06-11 2010-06-09 Procédé de régulation d'un chauffage d'aiguilles de rail Ceased WO2010142727A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP10721828A EP2440707A1 (fr) 2009-06-11 2010-06-09 Procédé de régulation d'un chauffage d'aiguilles de rail

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE200910025107 DE102009025107A1 (de) 2009-06-11 2009-06-11 Verfahren zur Regelung für eine Weichenheizung
DE102009025107.3 2009-06-11

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2010142727A1 true WO2010142727A1 (fr) 2010-12-16

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PCT/EP2010/058089 Ceased WO2010142727A1 (fr) 2009-06-11 2010-06-09 Procédé de régulation d'un chauffage d'aiguilles de rail

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2440707A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102009025107A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2010142727A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014033036A3 (fr) * 2012-08-31 2014-09-12 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif de surveillance du bon fonctionnement d'éléments chauffants d'un aiguillage chauffant
CN107024293A (zh) * 2017-04-01 2017-08-08 北京铁科工程检测中心 轨温测温支撑件及包含其的轨温测温装置

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DE102013016232A1 (de) 2013-10-01 2015-04-02 Ean Elektroschaltanlagen Gmbh Temperiereinheit für Fahrwegelemente und System zum Temperieren von Fahrwegelementen
DE102019006774A1 (de) * 2019-09-27 2021-04-01 Deutsche Bahn Ag Messanordnung und Messverfahren zur Ermittlung einer Schienentemperatur sowie Informationsverfahren zur Information eines Nutzers über die Schienentemperatur

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DE3037721A1 (de) * 1980-10-06 1982-05-13 Oskar Dipl.-Ing. Dr.rer.nat. 8000 München Bschorr Waermerohr zur ausnuetzung der waermekapazitaet von erdreich
DE4325002A1 (de) * 1993-07-26 1995-02-02 Butzbacher Weichenbau Gmbh Anordnung zum Erwärmen von Gleisabschnitten
DE19832535A1 (de) * 1998-07-20 2000-02-17 Esa Elektroschaltanlagen Grimm Einrichtung zur Regelung und Überwachung von Weichenheizungen
DE19915103A1 (de) * 1999-04-01 2000-10-26 Esa Elektroschaltanlagen Grimm Einrichtung zur Erfassung von wetterbedingten Einflüssen auf die Funktion von Weichenheizungen

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014033036A3 (fr) * 2012-08-31 2014-09-12 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif de surveillance du bon fonctionnement d'éléments chauffants d'un aiguillage chauffant
RU2608194C2 (ru) * 2012-08-31 2017-01-17 Сименс Акциенгезелльшафт Устройство для контроля работоспособности нагревательных элементов обогреваемой стрелки
CN107024293A (zh) * 2017-04-01 2017-08-08 北京铁科工程检测中心 轨温测温支撑件及包含其的轨温测温装置
CN107024293B (zh) * 2017-04-01 2023-08-29 北京铁科工程检测中心 轨温测温支撑件及包含其的轨温测温装置

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DE102009025107A1 (de) 2010-12-16
EP2440707A1 (fr) 2012-04-18

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