WO2011037497A1 - Dispositif de génération de micro-ondes - Google Patents

Dispositif de génération de micro-ondes Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011037497A1
WO2011037497A1 PCT/SE2009/000423 SE2009000423W WO2011037497A1 WO 2011037497 A1 WO2011037497 A1 WO 2011037497A1 SE 2009000423 W SE2009000423 W SE 2009000423W WO 2011037497 A1 WO2011037497 A1 WO 2011037497A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cathode
anode
tube
cylindrical tube
cylindrical
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/SE2009/000423
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Fredrik Olsson
Magnus Karlsson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BAE Systems Bofors AB
Original Assignee
BAE Systems Bofors AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BAE Systems Bofors AB filed Critical BAE Systems Bofors AB
Priority to PCT/SE2009/000423 priority Critical patent/WO2011037497A1/fr
Publication of WO2011037497A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011037497A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/02—Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a modulator zone and thereafter giving up energy in an inducing zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H13/00—Means of attack or defence not otherwise provided for
    • F41H13/0043—Directed energy weapons, i.e. devices that direct a beam of high energy content toward a target for incapacitating or destroying the target
    • F41H13/0068—Directed energy weapons, i.e. devices that direct a beam of high energy content toward a target for incapacitating or destroying the target the high-energy beam being of microwave type, e.g. for causing a heating effect in the target
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H13/00—Means of attack or defence not otherwise provided for
    • F41H13/0093—Devices generating an electromagnetic pulse, e.g. for disrupting or destroying electronic devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
    • H01J23/02—Electrodes; Magnetic control means; Screens
    • H01J23/04—Cathodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/02—Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a modulator zone and thereafter giving up energy in an inducing zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators
    • H01J25/32—Tubes with plural reflection, e.g. Coeterier tube
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/74—Tubes specially designed to act as transit-time diode oscillators, e.g. monotrons

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for generation of microwaves comprising a coaxial virtual cathode oscillator (vircator) with a rotation symmetrical, outer, cylindrical tube around a central axis forming a cathode and connected to a transmission line for supplying the cathode with voltage pulses, and an inner cylindrical tube, at least partially transparent for electrons, forming an anode and connected to a transmission device for outputting microwave radiation generated by the formation of a virtual cathode inside an area enclosed by the anode.
  • a coaxial virtual cathode oscillator virtual cathode oscillator
  • a rotation symmetrical, outer, cylindrical tube around a central axis forming a cathode and connected to a transmission line for supplying the cathode with voltage pulses
  • an inner cylindrical tube at least partially transparent for electrons
  • Microwave generators of this type can, among other uses, be used to knock out electronics using the high peak output that can briefly be generated.
  • a device as described in the first paragraph is essentially previously known from US 4 751 429 and the article "Numerical Simulation Studies of Coaxial Vircators", by Hao Shao, Guozhi Liu, Zhimin Song, Yajun Fan, Xiaoxin Song, Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, P 792-795.
  • Microwave sources with virtual cathode oscillators are generally narrow-band and have low degrees of efficiency. It is therefore desirable to be able to increase the device's degree of energy efficiency and bandwidth.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to obtain a device for generation of microwaves with improved degree of energy efficiency and better broadband performance.
  • the cathode comprises a cylindrical centre conductor arranged to coincide with the centre axle for the outer cylindrical tube and in electrically conductive connection with the outer cylindrical tube, the centre conductor extending along the centre axle of the outer cylindrical tube into the inner cylindrical tube.
  • the generated electromagnetic radiation's frequency is primarily determined by the relation between the anode and cathode as well as drive voltage to the device.
  • the bandwidth of the generated electromagnetic radiation is some few per cent, but there are in addition accentuated harmonics in the frequency spectrum that are generated at even multiples of the fundamental frequency.
  • the generated electromagnetic radiation contains partly a component generated by the virtual cathode as well as a component with lower frequency content generated by a transient process in the drive voltage source that feeds the device cathode with voltage pulses.
  • the lower frequency component has a wider frequency band width than the higher frequency component.
  • the cylindrical centre conductor preferably has a circular cylindrical form. This form contributes to a symmetric design.
  • One design proposal has a hollow centre conductor. Making the centre conductor hollow reduces both weight and consumption of materials without jeopardising device function.
  • the circular-cylindrical centre conductor is at least partially surrounded by a dielectric material connected with the anode's waveguide for outputting microwave radiation.
  • the dielectric material can then be composed of plastic material.
  • the dielectric material can be composed of ceramic material.
  • the one end of the cylindrical centre conductor is electrically and mechanically connected to a central part of an electrically conductive wall arranged on the inside of the cathode's cylindrical tube transverse to the longitudinal direction of the tube at a distance from the anode's, for the electron's at least partially transparent, tube.
  • an electrically conductive wall is arranged on the outside of the anode's, for the electron's at least partially transparent, tube transverse to the longitudinal direction and at a distance from the cathode cylindrical tube.
  • the cylindrical centre conductor can substantially consist of metal, such as aluminium, copper, or steel.
  • a high voltage generator connected to the cathode's transmission line is suitable for feeding the device cathode.
  • a suitable high voltage generator is a Marx generator.
  • the wave guide for output of the microwave radiation is connected to an antenna.
  • the antenna can be, for example, a horn antenna.
  • the device anode is composed, at least partially, of mesh.
  • the anode can partially be composed of a thin foil.
  • the transmission device for outputting microwave radiation can be shaped in different ways.
  • the transmission device for outputting microwave radiation to a load comprises at least parts of the inner cylindrical tube and a dielectric arranged in the inside of the tube.
  • the transmission device for outputting microwave radiation to a load comprises a waveguide arranged between the anode and the load.
  • Figure 1 schematically depicts an example of a known coaxial virtual cathode oscillator comprised in a device for generation of microwaves.
  • Figure 2 schematically depicts a first example of a coaxial virtual cathode oscillator in accordance with the present invention comprised in a device for generation of microwaves.
  • Figure 3 schematically depicts a second example of a coaxial virtual cathode oscillator in accordance with the present invention comprised in a device for generation of microwaves.
  • Figure 4 schematically depicts a more detailed example of a coaxial virtual cathode oscillator in accordance with the present invention comprised in a device for generation of microwaves.
  • Figure 5 schematically in block form depicts a complete device for generation of microwaves containing a coaxial virtual cathode oscillator in accordance with the present invention.
  • the known coaxial virtual cathode oscillator 1 schematically depicted in Figure 1 contains a cathode 2 in the form an outer cylindrical tube and an anode 3 in the form of an inner cylindrical tube.
  • the cathode oscillator is a very simple geometric design and is based on a so-called virtual cathode 4 occurring inside of the anode under certain conditions.
  • FIG. 2 depicts on the schematic level a modification of the known coaxial virtual cathode oscillator, vircator, for improving efficiency and bandwidth.
  • a centre conductor 5 is arranged to coincide with the centre axle (not depicted) for the cathode 2 in the form of an outer cylindrical tube.
  • the centre conductor 5 is electrically connected with the cathode 2 and in the embodiment depicted in Figure 2 via an electrically conductive structure 6 arranged on the inside of the anode's cylindrical tube and transverse to the tube's longitudinal direction.
  • the structure's 6 electrically conductive wall creates feedback that can contribute to strengthening the virtual cathode 4.
  • An additional conductive structure 7 in the form of an electrically conductive wall is for the same reason, to create feedback, arranged on the outside of the tube shaped anode 3 or thereto connected transmission device 8.
  • the transmission device 8 is composed of a tube 9 with the end towards the cathode, partially transparent, forming the anode 3 and with the other end equipped with a dielectric material 10.
  • the dielectric material can as a suggestion be composed of ceramic or plastic material.
  • the centre conductor 5 connected to the cathode 2 of the device runs in the centre of the tube 9.
  • the transmission device transmits the generated electromagnetic energy to the connected (not depicted) load in the form of, for example, an antenna structure.
  • the transmission device 8 can be designed with a waveguide between the anode 3 and the load present that leads the generated electromagnetic energy.
  • Figure 3 depicts a schematic embodiment. In it a transmission line is formed by the tube 9 and the centre conductor 5.
  • the dielectric 10 in the tube 9 is in this case constituted by a vacuum.
  • the coaxial virtual cathode oscillator 1 can be included in a device for generation of microwaves depicted in Figure 5 and comprising a high voltage generator 11 connected to the cathode oscillator input and an antenna 12 connected to the cathode oscillator output.
  • the antenna can be a horn antenna.
  • the cathode oscillator with peripherals is depicted and described in more detail in reference to Figure 4, both regarding design and function.
  • anode 3 and the cathode 2 are arranged in a vacuum chamber 13 with a connection 14 for a vacuum pump (not depicted in the figure).
  • a screw joint 15 enables the adjustment of the structure's 6 distance to the anode 3 through rotation.
  • a corresponding screw joint can be arranged for adjustment of the structure's 7 distance to the cathode 2.
  • the anode 3 is equipped with a mesh 16 that is partially transparent to free, electrically charged particles. Alternatively, the anode can be composed of thin foil.
  • the anode 3 passes to an outgoing waveguide 17, while the cathode 2 is fed by a transmission line 18.
  • a hollow centre conductor 5 is arranged to coincide with the centre axle 19 for the cathode's 2 cylindrical tube.
  • the centre conductor 5 extends at least from the structure 6 through the anode 3 to a transmission device 8.
  • the cathode oscillator's design is based on so-called virtual cathode that occurs under certain conditions.
  • a voltage pulse with negative potential is fed, for example by a Marx generator, via the transmission line 18 to the cathode 2, a high electric field occurs between the cathode 2 and the anode 3.
  • This causes electrons to be field emitted from the cathode material.
  • the electrons accelerate after that toward the anode structure and the majority of the electrons will even pass the anode and begin to decelerate.
  • a virtual cathode 4 will occur inside the anode structure. Because the process is strongly non-linear, the phenomenon that causes the microwave radiation to be generated occurs. The more detailed conditions for microwave generation are not described here because they are part of the competence for expert in the field. Under the correct conditions, very high output is generated for a short period with a typical magnitude of 50-100 ns prior to
  • Generated microwaves are radiated from the cathode oscillator anode via the waveguide 17 connected to the anode that have essentially the same radius as the anode 3.
  • the centre conductor 5 Through introduction of the centre conductor 5 a radiation source is achieved with a broader bandwidth.
  • the centre conductor's 5 radius is adapted to drive voltage and the distance between the anode and the cathode. Adaptation can be performed through computation or testing, or both.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de génération de micro-ondes comprenant un oscillateur de cathode virtuelle coaxial (1) comportant un tube cylindrique externe formant une cathode (2) et connecté à une ligne de transmission (8) afin d'envoyer des impulsions de tension à la cathode (2), et un tube cylindrique interne au moins partiellement transparent pour les électrons, formant une anode (3) et connecté au dispositif de transmission (8) afin d'émettre un rayonnement micro-onde généré par la formation de la cathode virtuelle (4) dans une zone contenue dans l'anode. Grâce à l'introduction d'un conducteur central (5) conçu pour coïncider avec l'axe central (19) du tube cylindrique externe de la cathode (2) et en contact électrique avec le tube, on obtient ainsi un dispositif de génération de micro-ondes ayant une meilleure efficacité énergétique et de meilleures performances en bande large.
PCT/SE2009/000423 2009-09-25 2009-09-25 Dispositif de génération de micro-ondes Ceased WO2011037497A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/SE2009/000423 WO2011037497A1 (fr) 2009-09-25 2009-09-25 Dispositif de génération de micro-ondes

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/SE2009/000423 WO2011037497A1 (fr) 2009-09-25 2009-09-25 Dispositif de génération de micro-ondes

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2011037497A1 true WO2011037497A1 (fr) 2011-03-31

Family

ID=43796060

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/SE2009/000423 Ceased WO2011037497A1 (fr) 2009-09-25 2009-09-25 Dispositif de génération de micro-ondes

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2011037497A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2013172714A1 (fr) 2012-05-18 2013-11-21 N.V. Nutricia Traitement d'états de santé associés à une exposition à une mycotoxine
RU2650103C1 (ru) * 2016-12-30 2018-04-09 Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт автоматики им. Н.Л. Духова" (ФГУП "ВНИИА") Генератор электромагнитных импульсов

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4345220A (en) * 1980-02-12 1982-08-17 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force High power microwave generator using relativistic electron beam in waveguide drift tube
JP2004172044A (ja) * 2002-11-22 2004-06-17 Aet Japan:Kk マイクロ波プラズマ発生装置
WO2006037918A2 (fr) * 2004-10-05 2006-04-13 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Dispositif generateur d'ondes hyperfrequences a cathode virtuelle oscillante
GB2462874A (en) * 2006-06-01 2010-03-03 Bae Systems Bofors Ab High power microwave generator
DE102007026535A1 (de) * 2007-06-06 2010-03-04 Bae Systems Bofors Ab Vorrichtung zum Erzeugen von Mikrowellen

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4345220A (en) * 1980-02-12 1982-08-17 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force High power microwave generator using relativistic electron beam in waveguide drift tube
JP2004172044A (ja) * 2002-11-22 2004-06-17 Aet Japan:Kk マイクロ波プラズマ発生装置
WO2006037918A2 (fr) * 2004-10-05 2006-04-13 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Dispositif generateur d'ondes hyperfrequences a cathode virtuelle oscillante
GB2462874A (en) * 2006-06-01 2010-03-03 Bae Systems Bofors Ab High power microwave generator
DE102007026535A1 (de) * 2007-06-06 2010-03-04 Bae Systems Bofors Ab Vorrichtung zum Erzeugen von Mikrowellen

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
CHOI E.H. ET AL: "Influence of Anode-Cathode Gap Distance on Output Characteristics of High-Power Microwave From Coaxial Virtual Cathode Oscillator", IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE, vol. 33, no. 4, August 2005 (2005-08-01), pages 1353 - 1357, XP011137627 *

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2013172714A1 (fr) 2012-05-18 2013-11-21 N.V. Nutricia Traitement d'états de santé associés à une exposition à une mycotoxine
US9782422B2 (en) 2012-05-18 2017-10-10 N.V. Nutricia Treatment of conditions associated with mycotoxin exposure
RU2650103C1 (ru) * 2016-12-30 2018-04-09 Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт автоматики им. Н.Л. Духова" (ФГУП "ВНИИА") Генератор электромагнитных импульсов

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